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{{men infobox
{{disambig-two|the [[skin-changer]]|uncle of [[Eriol]]|[[Beorn (son of Heden)]]}}
| image=[[File:Nicholas Bayrachny - Beorn.jpg|250px]]
{{northmen infobox
| name=Beorn
| name=Beorn
| image=[[File:Lelia - Beorn.jpg|250px]]
| caption="Beorn" by [[:Category:Images by Lelia|Lelia]]
| pronun=
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| othernames=
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| affiliation=[[Thorin and Company]], [[Beornings]]
| affiliation=[[Thorin and Company]], [[Beornings]]
| language=[[Westron]]
| language=[[Westron]]
| birth=Unknown
| birth=
| birthlocation=
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| rule=
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| deathlocation=
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| notablefor=being a [[Skin-changers|Skin-changer]]
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'''Beorn''' was a [[skin-changer]], a man who could assume the appearance of a [[bears|bear]].  
'''Beorn''' was a [[Skin-changers|Skin-changer]], a man who could assume the form of a [[bears|bear]].  


==History==
==History==
[[File:Jef Murray - At the Carrock.jpg|''At the Carrock'' by [[Jef Murray]]|thumb|left]]
[[File:Jef Murray - At the Carrock.jpg|[[Jef Murray]] - ''At the Carrock''|thumb|left]]
His origins lay in the distant past, and [[Gandalf]] suspected he and his people had originally come from the mountains, until the [[Orcs of the Misty Mountains]] drove them away. He lived with his tame [[horses]] in a wooden house ([[Beorn's Hall]]) between the [[Misty Mountains]] and [[Mirkwood]], to the east of the [[Anduin|Great River]] of  [[Rhovanion|Wilderland]].  
His origins lay in the distant past, and [[Gandalf]] suspected he and his people had originally come from the mountains, until the [[Orcs of the Misty Mountains]] drove them away. He lived with his tame [[horses]] in a wooden house ([[Beorn's Hall]]) between the [[Misty Mountains]] and [[Mirkwood]], to the east of the [[Anduin|Great River]] of  [[Rhovanion|Wilderland]].  


Beorn named the [[Carrock]] and created the steps that led from its base to the flat top. Once Gandalf saw him as a bear sitting all alone on the top of the Carrock watching the moon sinking towards the Misty Mountains, and heard him growl in the tongue of bears "''The day will come when [[Orcs of the Misty Mountains|they]] will perish and I shall go back!''". While Gandalf knew him, Beorn did not, although he knew his cousin, [[Radagast]].<ref name=Queer/>  
Beorn named the [[Carrock]] and created the steps that led from its base to the flat top. Once Gandalf saw him as a bear sitting all alone on the top of the Carrock watching the moon sinking towards the Misty Mountains, and heard him growl in the tongue of bears "''The day will come when [[Orcs of the Misty Mountains|they]] will perish and I shall go back!''". While Gandalf knew him, Beorn did not know Gandalf; but he knew his cousin, [[Radagast]].<ref name=Queer/>  


During the [[The Quest of Erebor|Quest of Erebor]], Beorn received Gandalf, [[Bilbo Baggins]], and the thirteen [[Dwarves]] and gave the Dwarves and Bilbo help in their quest.<ref name=Queer>{{H|Queer}}</ref>
During the [[Quest of Erebor]], Beorn received Gandalf, [[Bilbo Baggins]] and the thirteen [[Dwarves]] and gave the Dwarves and Bilbo help in their quest.<ref name=Queer>{{H|Queer}}</ref>


In the [[Battle of Five Armies]], Beorn appeared transformed into a giant bear, and rescued [[Thorin]] from the [[Orcs|Goblins]] and killed their leader [[Bolg]].<ref name=H18>{{H|18}}</ref>
In the [[Battle of Five Armies]], Beorn appeared transformed into a giant bear, rescued [[Thorin]] from the [[Orcs|Goblins]] and killed their leader, [[Bolg]].<ref name=H18>{{H|18}}</ref>


After Thorin's burial, Beorn followed Bilbo, Gandalf and [[Thranduil]] on their way back to the west. Beorn once more hosted Bilbo and Gandalf and other [[Woodmen]] who came to celebrate [[Yule]].<ref name=H18/>
After Thorin's burial, Beorn followed Bilbo, Gandalf and [[Thranduil]] on their way back to the west. Beorn once more hosted Bilbo and Gandalf and other [[Woodmen]] who came to celebrate [[Yule]].<ref name=H18/>


Eventually became a "''great chief''" in the [[Vales of Anduin]], and it is said that his descendants also were skin-changers, able to take the shape of a bear.<ref name=H18/> His people became known as the [[Beornings]],<ref>[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'', ''passim''</ref> and they helped defend [[Thranduil]]'s kingdom of northern Mirkwood.<ref>{{App|B3}}</ref>  
Eventually, he became a "''great chief''" in the [[Vales of Anduin]], and it is said that his descendants also were skin-changers, able to take the shape of a bear.<ref name=H18/> His people became known as the [[Beornings]],<ref>[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'', ''passim''</ref> and they helped defend [[Thranduil]]'s kingdom of northern Mirkwood.<ref>{{App|B3}}</ref>  


Beorn died some time before the [[War of the Ring]] began,<ref>{{L|144}}</ref> and was succeeded by his son [[Grimbeorn|Grimbeorn the Old]].<ref>{{FR|II1}}</ref>
Beorn presumably died some time before the [[War of the Ring]] began<ref>{{L|144}}</ref> and was succeeded by his son [[Grimbeorn|Grimbeorn the Old]].<ref>{{FR|II1}}</ref>


==Character==
==Character==
Beorn was generally benevolent and hated goblins and wargs; but he was also a loner and distrustful of travelers and beggars. He was never polite, and became easily angry and appalling. He never invited people into his house and his very few friends who lived a good way away, came no more than a couple to his house at a time. Added to this, Beorn was not fond of [[Dwarves]].
Beorn was generally benevolent and hated goblins and wargs; but he was also a loner and distrustful of travelers and beggars. He was never polite, and became easily angry and appalling. He never invited people into his house and his very few friends, who lived a good way away, came no more than a couple to his house at a time. Added to this, Beorn was not fond of [[Dwarves]].


Although fierce to his enemies, once convinced of the others' goodwill, he was welcoming, generous and helpful.
Although fierce to his enemies, once convinced of the others' goodwill, he was welcoming, generous and helpful.
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==Etymology==
==Etymology==
''[http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/beorn Beorn]'' is an [[Old English]] word meaning "a warrior, a hero, a man of valour" (also, poetic "man"), cognate to [[North Germanic languages|Old Norse]] ''[http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bj%C7%ABrn björn]'' ("bear").<ref name=AH164>{{HM|AH}}, pp. 164-5</ref><ref name=RW>{{HM|RW}}, pp. 95-6</ref><ref>{{HM|RC}}, p. 207</ref> In the Scandinavian-speaking countries ''Björn''/''Bjørn'' is a personal name, attested since the 11th century.
''[http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/beorn Beorn]'' is an [[Old English]] word meaning "a warrior, a hero, a man of valour" (also, poetic "man"), cognate to [[North Germanic languages|Old Norse]] ''[http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bj%C7%ABrn björn]'' ("bear").<ref name=AH164>{{HM|AH}}, pp. 164-5</ref><ref name=RW>{{HM|RW}}, pp. 95-6</ref><ref>{{HM|RC}}, p. 207</ref> In the Scandinavian-speaking countries ''Björn''/''Bjørn'' is a personal name, attested since the 11th century.
==Genealogy==
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree| BEO | |BEO='''BEORN'''</br><small>''fl. {{TA|2941}}''</small>}}
{{familytree| |!| | |}}
{{familytree| GRI | |GRI=[[Grimbeorn]]</br><small>''fl. {{TA|3019}}''</small>}}
{{familytree/end}}


==Other versions of the Legendarium==
==Other versions of the Legendarium==
In early manuscripts of ''[[The Hobbit]]'', the name of the character that would become Beorn is ''Medwed''. Medwed's ability to change shape to a bear was due to an enchantment, perhaps of his own.<ref>{{HH|Medwed}}</ref> The similarity between ''Medwed'' and ''[http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/medved Medved]'', the Russian word for "bear", is striking, but it is ultimately unknown if Tolkien had this in mind.
In early manuscripts of ''[[The Hobbit]]'', the name of the character that would become Beorn is ''Medwed''. Medwed's ability to change shape to a bear was due to an enchantment, perhaps of his own.<ref>{{HH|Medwed}}</ref> The similarity between ''Medwed'' and ''[http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/medved Medved]'', the Russian word for "bear", is striking, but it is ultimately unknown if Tolkien had this in mind.


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==Inspiration==
==Inspiration==
It has been suggested that the character Beorn was influenced by the Norse ''[[wikipedia:Hrólfs saga kraka|Saga of Hrólfr Kraki]]''.<ref name=RME73>[[Tom Shippey]], ''[[The Road to Middle-earth]]'' (second edition), pp. 73-4</ref> In the saga appears a great bear defending [[wikipedia:Hrólfr Kraki|Hrólfr Kraki]], and also a man cursed to being transformed into a bear during nighttime. The work was well-known to [[J.R.R. Tolkien]], as one of his students and friend, Stella Miller, made [[The Saga of Hrolf Kraki|a translation of the saga]] dedicated to Tolkien, [[E.V. Gordon]] and C.T. Onions;<ref name=AH164/> but even more importantly as Tolkien himself wrote an unpublished short story of the tale, entitled ''[[Sellic Spell]]''.<ref>{{HM|MB}}, pp. 256-60</ref>


It has been suggested that the character Beorn was influenced by the Norse ''[[wikipedia:Hrólfs saga kraka|Saga of Hrólfr Kraki]]''.<ref name=RME73>[[Tom Shippey]], ''[[The Road to Middle-earth]]'' (second edition), pp. 73-4</ref> In the saga appears a great bear defending [[wikipedia:Hrólfr Kraki|Hrólfr Kraki]], and also a man cursed to being transformed into a bear during nighttime. The work was well-known to [[J.R.R. Tolkien]], as one of his students and friend, Stella Miller, made a translation of the saga dedicated to Tolkien, [[E.V. Gordon]] and C.T. Onions;<ref name=AH164/> but even more importantly as Tolkien himself wrote an unpublished short story of the tale, entitled ''[[Sellic Spell]]''.<ref>{{HM|MB}}, pp. 256-60</ref>
Another suggested inspiration is the character of [[Beowulf (poem)|Beowulf]], "''whose name is commonly explained as Beowulf = 'bees' wolf' = honey-eater = bear, and one who breaks swords, rips off arms and cracks ribs with ursine power and clumsiness.''"<ref name=RME73/>
 
Another suggested inspiration is the character of [[Beowulf]], "''whose name is commonly explained as Beowulf = 'bees' wolf' = honey-eater = bear, and one who breaks swords, rips off arms and cracks ribs with ursine power and clumsiness.''"<ref name=RME73/>


==Portrayal in adaptations==
==Portrayal in adaptations==
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|File:Glen Michael Angus - Beorn.jpg|Beorn in ''[[Middle-earth Role Playing]]''
|File:Glen Michael Angus - Beorn.jpg|Beorn in ''[[Middle-earth Role Playing]]''
|File:Stefano Baldo - Beorn.jpg|Beorn in ''[[Middle-earth Collectible Card Game|MECCG]]''
|File:Stefano Baldo - Beorn.jpg|Beorn in ''[[Middle-earth Collectible Card Game|MECCG]]''
|File:The Hobbit - The Desolation of Smaug - Beorn.jpg|Beorn in ''[[The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug]]''
|File:The Hobbit - The Desolation of Smaug - Beorn.jpg|Beorn in [[The Hobbit (film series)|''The Hobbit'' (film series)]]
|File:The Hobbit - The Desolation of Smaug - Beorn as a bear.png|Beorn in bear form in [[The Hobbit (film series)|''The Hobbit'' (film series)]]
}}
}}
'''1982-97: ''[[Middle-earth Role Playing]]'':'''
'''1982-97: ''[[Middle-earth Role Playing]]'':'''
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'''2012-14: [[The Hobbit (film series)|''The Hobbit'' (film series)]]
'''2012-14: [[The Hobbit (film series)|''The Hobbit'' (film series)]]
: [[Mikael Persbrandt]] portrays Beorn.<ref name="AFTONBLADETCasting">{{webcite|articleurl=http://www.aftonbladet.se/nojesbladet/film/article13349150.ab|articlename=Persbrandt den bäste för jobbet|dated=30-April-2011|website=[http://www.aftonbladet.se/ AFTONBLADET]|accessed=23-Dec-2011}}</ref>
: [[Mikael Persbrandt]] portrays Beorn.<ref name="AFTONBLADETCasting">{{webcite|articleurl=http://www.aftonbladet.se/nojesbladet/film/article13349150.ab|articlename=Persbrandt den bäste för jobbet|dated=30-April-2011|website=[http://www.aftonbladet.se/ AFTONBLADET]|accessed=23-Dec-2011}}</ref> In ''[[The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug]]'', while in bear form, he picks up on the [[Thorin and Company|Company's]] trail and chases them into his [[Beorn's Hall|home]]. He stands guard overnight, thwarting the plans of [[Azog]] and his [[Orcs|Orc]] pack to attack. The next morning, he lends the Company some of his [[horses]] in order to get to [[Mirkwood]] before the Orcs. In ''[[The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies]]'', he arrives with [[Radagast]] on the back of one of the [[Eagles]] late in the [[Battle of Five Armies|battle]], and leaps down to the ground, transforming into his bear form in midair. Along with the rest of the Eagles, he helps decimate the remaining Orc army.


== See also ==
== See also ==
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{{references}}
{{references}}
[[Category:Northmen]]
[[Category:Beornings]]
[[Category:Beornings]]
[[Category:Characters in The Hobbit]]
[[Category:Characters in The Hobbit]]
[[Category:Masculine names]]
[[Category:Masculine names]]
[[Category:Old English names]]
[[Category:Old English names]]
[[Category:Third Age characters]]
[[de:Beorn]]
[[de:Beorn]]
[[fi:Beorn]]
[[fr:encyclo:personnages:hommes:3a:hommes_du_nord:beornides:beorn]]
[[fr:encyclo:personnages:hommes:3a:hommes_du_nord:beornides:beorn]]
[[fi:Beorn]]

Revision as of 19:02, 19 August 2016

This article is about the skin-changer. For the uncle of Eriol, see Beorn (son of Heden).
Beorn
Northman
Lelia - Beorn.jpg
"Beorn" by Lelia
Biographical Information
LocationBeorn's Hall
AffiliationThorin and Company, Beornings
LanguageWestron
Deathbetween T.A. 2941 and 3018
Notable forbeing a Skin-changer
Family
ChildrenGrimbeorn
Physical Description
GenderMale
HeightTall
Hair colorBlack
ClothingWoollen tunic
GalleryImages of Beorn

Beorn was a Skin-changer, a man who could assume the form of a bear.

History

Jef Murray - At the Carrock

His origins lay in the distant past, and Gandalf suspected he and his people had originally come from the mountains, until the Orcs of the Misty Mountains drove them away. He lived with his tame horses in a wooden house (Beorn's Hall) between the Misty Mountains and Mirkwood, to the east of the Great River of Wilderland.

Beorn named the Carrock and created the steps that led from its base to the flat top. Once Gandalf saw him as a bear sitting all alone on the top of the Carrock watching the moon sinking towards the Misty Mountains, and heard him growl in the tongue of bears "The day will come when they will perish and I shall go back!". While Gandalf knew him, Beorn did not know Gandalf; but he knew his cousin, Radagast.[1]

During the Quest of Erebor, Beorn received Gandalf, Bilbo Baggins and the thirteen Dwarves and gave the Dwarves and Bilbo help in their quest.[1]

In the Battle of Five Armies, Beorn appeared transformed into a giant bear, rescued Thorin from the Goblins and killed their leader, Bolg.[2]

After Thorin's burial, Beorn followed Bilbo, Gandalf and Thranduil on their way back to the west. Beorn once more hosted Bilbo and Gandalf and other Woodmen who came to celebrate Yule.[2]

Eventually, he became a "great chief" in the Vales of Anduin, and it is said that his descendants also were skin-changers, able to take the shape of a bear.[2] His people became known as the Beornings,[3] and they helped defend Thranduil's kingdom of northern Mirkwood.[4]

Beorn presumably died some time before the War of the Ring began[5] and was succeeded by his son Grimbeorn the Old.[6]

Character

Beorn was generally benevolent and hated goblins and wargs; but he was also a loner and distrustful of travelers and beggars. He was never polite, and became easily angry and appalling. He never invited people into his house and his very few friends, who lived a good way away, came no more than a couple to his house at a time. Added to this, Beorn was not fond of Dwarves.

Although fierce to his enemies, once convinced of the others' goodwill, he was welcoming, generous and helpful.

He did not eat any meat, as he could talk with his animals, who helped him. His grove was occupied by huge bees. Beorn's diet was mainly honey and cream

Etymology

Beorn is an Old English word meaning "a warrior, a hero, a man of valour" (also, poetic "man"), cognate to Old Norse björn ("bear").[7][8][9] In the Scandinavian-speaking countries Björn/Bjørn is a personal name, attested since the 11th century.

Genealogy

BEORN
fl. T.A. 2941
 
 
 
 
 
 
Grimbeorn
fl. T.A. 3019
 


Other versions of the Legendarium

In early manuscripts of The Hobbit, the name of the character that would become Beorn is Medwed. Medwed's ability to change shape to a bear was due to an enchantment, perhaps of his own.[10] The similarity between Medwed and Medved, the Russian word for "bear", is striking, but it is ultimately unknown if Tolkien had this in mind.

In the Etymologies, Ilkorin ber ("valiant man, warrior") and Danian beorn ("man") derive from the Elvish root BER.[11]

Inspiration

It has been suggested that the character Beorn was influenced by the Norse Saga of Hrólfr Kraki.[12] In the saga appears a great bear defending Hrólfr Kraki, and also a man cursed to being transformed into a bear during nighttime. The work was well-known to J.R.R. Tolkien, as one of his students and friend, Stella Miller, made a translation of the saga dedicated to Tolkien, E.V. Gordon and C.T. Onions;[7] but even more importantly as Tolkien himself wrote an unpublished short story of the tale, entitled Sellic Spell.[13]

Another suggested inspiration is the character of Beowulf, "whose name is commonly explained as Beowulf = 'bees' wolf' = honey-eater = bear, and one who breaks swords, rips off arms and cracks ribs with ursine power and clumsiness."[12]

Portrayal in adaptations

Beorn in adaptations
Beorn in MECCG  
Beorn in bear form in The Hobbit (film series)  

1982-97: Middle-earth Role Playing:

Beorn is one of the Lords of the Beijabar (Beornings). His manor is called Muidwe Beorn.[14][15]

1995-8: Middle-earth Collectible Card Game:

Beorn is a Character, with the Home Site Beorn's House.

2003: The Hobbit (2003 video game):

Beorn appears only in the shape of a black bear.[16]

2012-14: The Hobbit (film series)

Mikael Persbrandt portrays Beorn.[17] In The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug, while in bear form, he picks up on the Company's trail and chases them into his home. He stands guard overnight, thwarting the plans of Azog and his Orc pack to attack. The next morning, he lends the Company some of his horses in order to get to Mirkwood before the Orcs. In The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies, he arrives with Radagast on the back of one of the Eagles late in the battle, and leaps down to the ground, transforming into his bear form in midair. Along with the rest of the Eagles, he helps decimate the remaining Orc army.

See also

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 J.R.R. Tolkien, The Hobbit, "Queer Lodgings"
  2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 J.R.R. Tolkien, The Hobbit, "The Return Journey"
  3. J.R.R. Tolkien, The Lord of the Rings, passim
  4. J.R.R. Tolkien, The Lord of the Rings, Appendix B, "The Great Years"
  5. J.R.R. Tolkien; Humphrey Carpenter, Christopher Tolkien (eds.), The Letters of J.R.R. Tolkien, Letter 144, (dated 25 April 1954)
  6. J.R.R. Tolkien, The Lord of the Rings, The Fellowship of the Ring, "Many Meetings"
  7. 7.0 7.1 J.R.R. Tolkien; Douglas A. Anderson, (ed.), (2002) The Annotated Hobbit: Revised and Expanded Edition, pp. 164-5
  8. Peter Gilliver, Edmund Weiner and Jeremy Marshall, The Ring of Words: Tolkien and the Oxford English Dictionary, pp. 95-6
  9. Wayne G. Hammond and Christina Scull (eds), The Lord of the Rings: A Reader's Companion, p. 207
  10. J.R.R. Tolkien, John D. Rateliff (ed.), The History of The Hobbit, Mr. Baggins, The Second Phase, "Medwed"
  11. J.R.R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien (ed.), The Lost Road and Other Writings, Part Three: "The Etymologies", p. 352 (root BER-; cf. root BES-)
  12. 12.0 12.1 Tom Shippey, The Road to Middle-earth (second edition), pp. 73-4
  13. J.R.R. Tolkien, John D. Rateliff (ed.), The History of The Hobbit, Mr. Baggins, pp. 256-60
  14. Peter C. Fenlon, Jr. et al. (1987), Lords of Middle-earth Vol II: The Mannish Races (#8003), p. 19
  15. John David Ruemmler, Susan Tyler Hitchcock, Peter C. Fenlon (1995), Mirkwood (2nd edition) (#2019), pp. 105-6
  16. The Hobbit (2003 video game), "The Clouds Burst"
  17. "Persbrandt den bäste för jobbet" dated 30 April 2011, AFTONBLADET (accessed 23 December 2011)