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'''Celtic''' is a category of European languages which had close contact with Germanic languages. The original inhabitants of England were Celts, before the coming of the Anglo-Saxon (who spoke [[Old English]]).
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'''Celtic''' refers either to the [[Wikipedia:Celtic languages|Celtic languages]], including [[Wikipedia:Breton language|Breton]], [[Wikipedia:Cornish language|Cornish]], [[Wikipedia:Goidelic languages|Gaelic]], and [[Welsh]], or to the [[Wikipedia:Celts|Celts]], an historic group of people.<ref>{{CG|RG}}, pp. 148-52</ref>


[[Tolkien]]'s [[legendarium]] has mainly Germanic and English elements, but Celtic concepts are present in some views about the [[Elves]] (see [[Elves#Celtic influence]]). [[George Allen & Unwin]] also criticized ''[[The Silmarillion]]'' as being obscure and "too Celtic".
==Celtic influences on the Legendarium==


Celtic analogies with peoples are present mostly relating to [[Pre-Númenóreans]], especially [[Dunland]] and the [[Stoors|Stoor]] [[hobbits]], which is evident in placenames such as [[Bree]] and the personal names of the [[Bucklanders]].
===Mythology===


It is possible that the rivalry between the primitive Dunlendings and the blonde-haired, pseudo-Anglo-Saxon Rohirrim who migrated into the lands neighboring them was meant by Tolkien to be analagous to the real life conflicts that arose between the Anglo-Saxons in England and neighboring Celtic peoples.
Celtic concepts are present in some views about the [[Elves]] (see [[Elves#Celtic influence]]).


This is supported by the fact that placenames of [[Bree-land]] are Celtic. The [[Stoors|Stoor]] [[Hobbits]] (who had stayed long in [[Dunland]]), have Celtic elements in their names. Tolkien mentioned that the survival of traces of the older language of the Stoors and the Bree-men resembled the survival of Celtic elements in England.
===Names===
==Celtic names in the legendarium==
The way Tolkien used Germanic, English and Old English names to represent [[Westron]] and related [[Mannish]] languages, genuine Celtic names are scarcely used for more alien languages.


*[[Bree]] (Brythonic) "hill"
While several names in [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]]'s [[legendarium]] have [[North Germanic languages|Germanic]] and [[Old English]] elements, Tolkien mentioned that the survival of traces of the older language of the Stoors and the Bree-men resembled the survival of Celtic elements in England.{{fact}}
*[[Carn Dûm]] (Gaelic) "mountain fortress"
*Chet (in [[Chetwood]] and [[Archet]]) "wood"
*Car (in [[Carrock]]) "rock"


Although Tolkien himself stated in a letter that he was not fond of the Irish language, it seems that, to a certain degree, he based the language of the pre-Numenoreans of Gondor on Irish (contrasted with the pre-Numenoreans of Eriador, who spoke a more Brythonic-influenced language). This is evident in the Dunlending term ''forgoil'', and the Gondorian placenames ''Eilenach'' and ''Lossarnach'' (although the "loss-" of the latter is Sindarin), all of which exhibit phonical similarites to Irish Gaelic terms.
Celtic analogies with peoples are present mostly relating to [[Pre-Númenóreans]], especially [[Dunland]] and the [[Stoors|Stoor]] [[hobbits]], which is evident in placenames such as [[Bree]] and the personal names of the [[Bucklanders]].{{fact}}
 
The majority of Celtic names is seen in the family trees of the [[Brandybuck]]s. Names such as [[Rorimac Brandybuck|Rorimac]], [[Dinodas Brandybuck|Dinodas]], [[Gorbadoc Brandybuck|Gorbadoc]], [[Meriadoc Brandybuck|Meriadoc]] and [[Marmadoc Brandybuck|Marmadoc]] are Celtic.{{fact}}
 
Other names having (or have been suggested as having) a Celtic influence include:
 
*''[[Bree#Etymology|Bree]]''
*''[[Carn Dûm#Etymology|Carn Dûm]]''
*''[[Chetwood#Etymology|Chetwood]] and [[Archet#Etymology|Archet]]''
*''[[Carrock#Etymology|Carrock]]''


The majority of Celtic names is seen in the family trees of the [[Brandybuck]]s. Names such as [[Rorimac Brandybuck|Rorimac]], [[Dinodas Brandybuck|Dinodas]], [[Gorbadoc Brandybuck|Gorbadoc]], [[Meriadoc Brandybuck|Meriadoc]] and [[Marmadoc Brandybuck|Marmadoc]] are Celtic.
==Externals links==
==Externals links==
*{{WP|Celtic languages}}
*{{WP|Celtic languages}}
[[category:languages (real-world)]]
{{references}}
[[Category:languages (real-world)]]

Revision as of 21:48, 5 January 2012

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Celtic refers either to the Celtic languages, including Breton, Cornish, Gaelic, and Welsh, or to the Celts, an historic group of people.[1]

Celtic influences on the Legendarium

Mythology

Celtic concepts are present in some views about the Elves (see Elves#Celtic influence).

Names

While several names in Tolkien's legendarium have Germanic and Old English elements, Tolkien mentioned that the survival of traces of the older language of the Stoors and the Bree-men resembled the survival of Celtic elements in England.[source?]

Celtic analogies with peoples are present mostly relating to Pre-Númenóreans, especially Dunland and the Stoor hobbits, which is evident in placenames such as Bree and the personal names of the Bucklanders.[source?]

The majority of Celtic names is seen in the family trees of the Brandybucks. Names such as Rorimac, Dinodas, Gorbadoc, Meriadoc and Marmadoc are Celtic.[source?]

Other names having (or have been suggested as having) a Celtic influence include:

Externals links

References

  1. ↑ Christina Scull and Wayne G. Hammond (2006), The J.R.R. Tolkien Companion and Guide: II. Reader's Guide, pp. 148-52
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