Celtic: Difference between revisions
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'''Celtic''' refers either to the [[Wikipedia:Celtic languages|Celtic languages]], including [[Wikipedia:Breton language|Breton]], [[Wikipedia:Cornish language|Cornish]], [[Wikipedia:Goidelic languages|Gaelic]], and [[Welsh]], or to the [[Wikipedia:Celts|Celts]], an historic group of people.<ref>{{CG|RG}}, pp. 148-52</ref> | '''Celtic''' refers either to the [[Wikipedia:Celtic languages|Celtic languages]], including [[Wikipedia:Breton language|Breton]], [[Wikipedia:Cornish language|Cornish]], [[Wikipedia:Goidelic languages|Gaelic]], and [[Welsh]], or to the [[Wikipedia:Celts|Celts]], an historic group of people.<ref>{{CG|RG}}, pp. 148-52</ref> | ||
[[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]] had noted the ambiguity of the word "Celtic" as an arbitrary catch-all term: | |||
{{quote|'Celtic' of any sort is, nonetheless, a magic bag, into which anything may be put, and out of which almost anything may come.|Inauguration speech at the [[University of Oxford]]<ref>{{MC|English}}</ref>}} | |||
==Celtic influences on the Legendarium== | ==Celtic influences on the Legendarium== | ||
===Mythology=== | ===Mythology=== | ||
Tolkien claimed knowledge of Celtic languages and legends, however expressed a dislike in Celtic legends and denied that his legendarium is "Celtic".<ref>{{HM|Bio}}, p. 26</ref> | |||
Celtic concepts are present in some views about the [[Elves]] (see [[Elves#Celtic influence]]). | However, Celtic concepts are present in some views about the [[Elves]] (see [[Elves#Celtic influence]]). | ||
===Names=== | ===Names=== | ||
While several names in | While several names in the [[legendarium]] have [[North Germanic languages|Germanic]] and [[Old English]] elements, Tolkien mentioned that the survival of traces of the older language of the Stoors and the Bree-men resembled the survival of Celtic elements in England.<ref>{{App|F2}}</ref> Tolkien said to the Dutch Translator, [[Max Schuchart]], that there were "'[[Celtic]]' elements in [[Buckland]] and [[Eastfarthing|East-farthing]] names."<ref>{{HM|RC}}, p. 93</ref> | ||
Celtic analogies with peoples are present mostly relating to [[Pre-Númenóreans]], especially [[Dunland]] and the [[Stoors|Stoor]] [[hobbits]], which is evident in placenames such as [[Bree]] and the personal names of the [[Bucklanders]]. According to [[Paula Marmor]], the Celtic elements in [[Stoorish]] names represents an earlier language, related to the languages of the [[Bree-landers]].<ref> | Celtic analogies with peoples are present mostly relating to [[Pre-Númenóreans]], especially [[Dunland]] and the [[Stoors|Stoor]] [[hobbits]], which is evident in placenames such as "[[Bree]]" and the personal names of the [[Bucklanders]]. According to [[Paula Marmor]], the Celtic elements in [[Stoorish]] names represents an earlier language, related to the languages of the [[Bree-landers]].<ref>{{HM|IE}}, "An etymological excursion among the Shire folk"</ref> | ||
The majority of Celtic names is seen in the family trees of the [[Brandybuck]]s. Names such as [[Rorimac Brandybuck|Rorimac]], [[Dinodas Brandybuck|Dinodas]], [[Gorbadoc Brandybuck|Gorbadoc]], [[Meriadoc Brandybuck|Meriadoc]] and [[Marmadoc Brandybuck|Marmadoc]] are Celtic.<ref> | The majority of Celtic names is seen in the family trees of the [[Brandybuck]]s. Names such as [[Rorimac Brandybuck|Rorimac]], [[Dinodas Brandybuck|Dinodas]], [[Gorbadoc Brandybuck|Gorbadoc]], [[Meriadoc Brandybuck|Meriadoc]] and [[Marmadoc Brandybuck|Marmadoc]] are Celtic.<ref>{{HM|IE}}, "Giving of names"</ref> | ||
Other names having (or have been suggested as having) a Celtic influence include: | Other names having (or have been suggested as having) a Celtic influence include: | ||
*''[[Archet#Etymology|Archet]]'' | |||
*''[[Bree#Etymology|Bree]]'' | *''[[Bree#Etymology|Bree]]'' | ||
*''[[Carn Dûm#Etymology|Carn Dûm]]'' | *''[[Carn Dûm#Etymology|Carn Dûm]]'' | ||
*''[[Chetwood#Etymology|Chetwood | *''[[Chetwood#Etymology|Chetwood]]'' | ||
*''[[Carrock#Etymology|Carrock]]'' | *''[[Carrock#Etymology|Carrock]]'' | ||
*''[[Combe#Etymology|Combe]]'' | |||
*''[[Crickhollow#Etymology|Crickhollow]]'' | |||
*''[[The Yale#Etymology|Yale]]'' | |||
{{references}} | |||
== | ==External links== | ||
*{{WP|Celtic languages}} | *{{WP|Celtic languages}} | ||
*''[http://middle-earth.xenite.org/2012/11/14/how-much-was-tolkien-influenced-by-irish-mythology/ How much was Tolkien influenced by Irish mythology?]'' by [[Michael Martinez]] | |||
[[Category:languages (real-world)]] | [[Category:languages (real-world)]] | ||
Revision as of 00:17, 21 November 2014
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Celtic refers either to the Celtic languages, including Breton, Cornish, Gaelic, and Welsh, or to the Celts, an historic group of people.[1]
Tolkien had noted the ambiguity of the word "Celtic" as an arbitrary catch-all term:
- "'Celtic' of any sort is, nonetheless, a magic bag, into which anything may be put, and out of which almost anything may come."
- ― Inauguration speech at the University of Oxford[2]
Celtic influences on the Legendarium
Mythology
Tolkien claimed knowledge of Celtic languages and legends, however expressed a dislike in Celtic legends and denied that his legendarium is "Celtic".[3]
However, Celtic concepts are present in some views about the Elves (see Elves#Celtic influence).
Names
While several names in the legendarium have Germanic and Old English elements, Tolkien mentioned that the survival of traces of the older language of the Stoors and the Bree-men resembled the survival of Celtic elements in England.[4] Tolkien said to the Dutch Translator, Max Schuchart, that there were "'Celtic' elements in Buckland and East-farthing names."[5]
Celtic analogies with peoples are present mostly relating to Pre-Númenóreans, especially Dunland and the Stoor hobbits, which is evident in placenames such as "Bree" and the personal names of the Bucklanders. According to Paula Marmor, the Celtic elements in Stoorish names represents an earlier language, related to the languages of the Bree-landers.[6]
The majority of Celtic names is seen in the family trees of the Brandybucks. Names such as Rorimac, Dinodas, Gorbadoc, Meriadoc and Marmadoc are Celtic.[7]
Other names having (or have been suggested as having) a Celtic influence include:
References
- ↑ Christina Scull and Wayne G. Hammond (2006), The J.R.R. Tolkien Companion and Guide: II. Reader's Guide, pp. 148-52
- ↑ J.R.R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien (ed.), The Monsters and the Critics and Other Essays, "English and Welsh"
- ↑ Humphrey Carpenter, J.R.R. Tolkien: A Biography, p. 26
- ↑ J.R.R. Tolkien, The Lord of the Rings, Appendix F, "On Translation"
- ↑ Wayne G. Hammond and Christina Scull (eds), The Lord of the Rings: A Reader's Companion, p. 93
- ↑ Jim Allan (1978), An Introduction to Elvish, "An etymological excursion among the Shire folk"
- ↑ Jim Allan (1978), An Introduction to Elvish, "Giving of names"
