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{{Pronounce|Dunedain.mp3|Ardamir}}
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The '''Dúnedain''' ([[Sindarin|S]]: "west-men", pron. {{IPA|[ˈduːnedaɪn]}}), singular '''[[Dúnadan]]''' (pron. {{IPA|[ˈduːnadan]}}), were the the [[Men]] of [[Númenor]] and their descendants who peopled [[Arnor]] and [[Gondor]] in the [[Second Age|Second]] and [[Third Age|Third Ages]]. Some of them fled Númenor just before its destruction with [[Elendil]] and his sons, while others had settled around the haven of [[Pelargir]] before the Downfall. They are also called the ''Men of the West'' and the ''Men of Westernesse'' (direct translations of the [[Sindarin]] term).
{{people infobox
| name=Dúnedain
| image=
| caption=
| pronun=
| othernames=Great People of the West, Men of the Ancient Houses, Men of the West, Men of Westernesse
| origin=Descendants of the [[Númenóreans]] in [[Middle-earth]]
| location=[[Eriador]], [[Arnor]], [[Gondor]]
| affiliation=[[Last Alliance of Elves and Men]], [[Host of the West (Arnor)|Host of the West]]
| rivalry=[[Sauron]]
| language=[[Westron]], [[Quenya]], [[Gondor Sindarin]]
| members=[[Argeleb I]], [[Aragorn II]], [[Denethor]], [[Boromir]], [[Faramir]], [[Imrahil]]
| lifespan=Thrice the life of [[Middle Men|lesser men]] but later diminished (not so much in [[Arnor]] however)<ref name=eriador>{{App|Eriador}}</ref>
| distinctions=Superior to the other men of Middle-earth in nobility of spirit and body
| height=Taller than other [[Men]]
| hair=Dark
| skin=Pale
| clothing=
| weapons=
}}
 
The '''Dúnedain''' ([[Sindarin|S]]: "west-men", pron. {{IPA|[ˈduːnedaɪn]}}), singular '''Dúnadan''' (pron. {{IPA|[ˈduːnadan]}}), were the [[Men of Númenor]] and (especially) their descendants who peopled [[Middle-earth]] in the [[Second Age|Second]] and [[Third Age|Third Ages]].  
 
==History==
===Early History===
After the [[Downfall of Númenor]], the [[Exiles of Númenor]], led by [[Elendil]], established the [[Realms in Exile]] of [[Arnor]] and [[Gondor]]. There, many already dwelt who were in whole or part of [[Númenorean]] blood who welcomed Elendil and his sons.<ref name=rings>{{s|Rings}}</ref><ref name=languages>{{App|Men}}</ref>
 
Not all the Dúnedain in [[Middle-earth]] were descended from the followers of [[Elendil]]. Others had settled there independently before the [[Downfall of Númenor|Downfall]], and later allied themselves with the founders of the [[Kingdoms of the Dúnedain]]. The ancestors of the [[Princes of Dol Amroth]] were among the most prominent of these.<ref name="Cirion">{{UT|Cirion}}</ref>
 
Originally ruled by the [[High King of the Dúnedain]], they were divided as the [[Dúnedain of Arnor]] and the [[Dúnedain of the South|Dúnedain of Gondor]], following the death of [[Isildur]], son of [[Elendil]], in {{TA|2}}.<ref name=rings/><ref name="AppB">{{App|B2}}</ref>
 
===Division===
====Dúnedain of Arnor====
:See also: ''[[Dúnedain of Arnor]]''.
 
Valandil, [[Isildur]]'s youngest son, took up his rule in [[Annúminas]], but his people were diminished, and of the [[Northern Dúnedain]] and of the Men of  [[Eriador]] there remained now too few to people the land or maintain the places [[Elendil]] built; many of [[Dúnedain of Arnor]] had died in the [[War of the Last Alliance]] and the [[Disaster of the Gladden Fields]].<ref name=rings/>
 
After the reign of [[Eärendur]], the seventh king that followed [[Valandil]], the [[Dúnedain of the North]] became divided into petty realms and lordships, and the witch-realm of [[Angmar]] destroyed them one by one.<ref name=rings/><ref name=eriador/>
 
The remnants of the [[Northern Dúnedain]] were also heavily affected by the [[Great Plague]]; the joint garrison (of the North and South Kingdoms) at [[Tharbad]] ceased to exist,<ref>{{UT|6d}}</ref> and the last of the Dúnedain of [[Cardolan]] died on the [[Barrow-downs]].<ref name=eriador/>
 
After the [[Angmar War]], the Dúnedain of the North were reduced to [[Ranger of the North|Rangers]] wandering secretly in the wild, and their heritage was forgotten, save in [[Imladris]], where the [[Heir of Isildur|Heirs of Isildur]] were harboured and their line, from father to son, remained unbroken.<ref name=rings/><ref name=eriador/>
 
====Dúnedain of Gondor====
:See also: ''[[Dúnedain of Gondor]]''.
 
In the south, the realm of [[Gondor]] endured, and for a time the splendour of the [[Dúnedain of the South]] grew, until it recalled the wealth and majesty of [[Númenor]] during the reign of [[Hyarmendacil I]] by {{TA|1050}}.<ref name=rings/><ref name=gondor>{{App|Gondor}}</ref><ref name="AppB"/>
 
Yet at the last, in the later [[Third Age]], the [[Dúnedain of Gondor]] waned for their blood became much mingled with that of other men, especially the [[Northmen]] of [[Rhovanion]].<ref name=gondor/> King [[Eldacar (King of Gondor)|Eldacar]], who himself had [[Northmen|Northmannish]] blood, showed favour to the [[Northmen]] who supported him.<ref name=gondor/> This led to the [[Kin-strife]], when many of the [[Dúnedain of Gondor]] were slain.<ref name=gondor/> After his return from exile, many noble houses, including the royal [[House of Anárion]], became more mingled with the blood of [[Middle Men|"lesser" Men]].<ref name=gondor/>
 
The [[Great Plague]] decimated the [[Gondorians]] with many, including King [[Telemnar]], his kin, as well as many others of the [[Dúnedain of Gondor]], being killed.<ref name=rings/><ref name=gondor/>
 
After the reign of King [[Eärnur]], royal descendants among the [[Dúnedain of Gondor]] had become few and no claimant for the throne could be found of pure [[Númenórean]] blood, or whose claim all would accept, and people were afraid of a new [[Kin-strife]] that would devastate the kingdom.<ref name=gondor/> Thus, by default, [[Mardil]] began the line of [[Ruling Stewards of Gondor]].<ref name=rings/><ref name=gondor/>
 
After the [[Stewards]] picked up the southern rule, the remnant of the [[Dúnedain of Gondor]] still defended the passage of the [[Anduin]] against the terrors of [[Minas Morgul]] and against all the enemies of the West.<ref name=rings/>
 
By the time of the [[War of the Ring]], the [[Dúnedain of Gondor]] lived in [[Minas Tirith]] and the adjacent townlands, as well as the tributary fiefs and royal lands of [[Anórien]], [[Ithilien]], and [[Belfalas]].<ref name=languages/><ref name="Language">{{PM|Languages}}</ref>
 
===Reunification===
In the [[Fourth Age]], the Dúnedain of Gondor and Arnor were [[Reunited Kingdom|reunited]] under King [[Aragorn|Aragorn II Elessar]] (who was also called ''the Dúnadan'').
 
==Characteristics==
The Dúnedain were lords of long life, great power, and wisdom; far superior to the [[Middle Men|Men of Middle-earth]] among whom they dwelt and whom they ruled.<ref name=languages/> They were from the beginning far fewer in number than the [[Middle Men|lesser men]].<ref name=languages/> They were tall, pale-skinned, with dark hair, shining grey eyes, and proud faces.<ref name="Herbs">{{TT|Herbs}}</ref><ref name="Minas Tirith">{{RK|V1}}</ref><ref name="Sign">{{FR|Sign}}</ref>
 
===Waning of the Dúnedain ===
The [[Third Age]] marked the beginning of the waning of the Dúnedain, in which their gifts of wisdom, nobility, and long life were slowly withdrawn due to the [[Downfall of Númenor]] and their mingling with [[Middle Men|lesser men]].<ref name=gondor/>
 
In the beginning of their history, the Dúnedain were blessed with a lifespan thrice the life of [[Middle Men|lesser men]], yet this ever-diminished over the course of the [[Third Age]].<ref name=eriador/><ref name=languages/>


After the fall of [[Arnor]] and then [[Arthedain]], some of the northern Dúnedain became the [[Rangers of the North]]. The surviving Dúnedainic population of Arnor retreated to the Angle south of [[Rivendell]]. In the mean time the southern Dúnedain, the Men of Gondor, intermarried more and more with so-called [[Middle Men]], except in some regions (such as [[Dol Amroth]]).
In [[Arnor]], the strife and dissensions between the kingdoms of [[Arthedain]], [[Cardolan]], and [[Rhudaur]] hastened the waning of the Dúnedain.<ref name=eriador/> Although, their lifespans ever continued to shorten,<ref name=eriador/> the [[Dúnedain of Arnor]], especially their [[Chieftain of the Dúnedain|Chieftains]], maintained significant longevity living to twice the age of [[Middle Men|lesser men]].<ref name=eriador/>


In the [[Fourth Age]], the Dúnedain of Gondor and Arnor were reunited under king [[Aragorn II Elessar]] (who was also called ''the Dúnadan'').
In [[Gondor]], after Gondor's numbers were replenished by lesser [[Northmen]] after the [[Kin-Strife]], the mingling did not at first hasten the waning of the Dúnedain, as had been feared, but it still proceeded little by little as it had before.<ref name=gondor/> However, after the fall of the Kings, the waning was much swifter in [[Gondor]] than in [[Arnor]].<ref name=eriador/> In fact, [[Hador (Steward of Gondor)|Hador]] the seventh [[Ruling Steward]] of [[Gondor]] was the last [[Gondorian]] to live 150 years and after his time the life-span of those with [[Númenóreans|Númenórean]] blood waned more rapidly.<ref name="Elendil">{{PM|Elendil}}</ref> By the time of the [[War of the Ring]], few among the [[Gondorians]] passed 100 years with vigour, except in the more pure and noble houses.<ref>{{RK|Houses}}</ref>


The [[Quenya]] name for ''Dúnadan'' was '''[[Núnatan]]''' (pron. {{IPA|[ˈnuːnatan]}}), plural '''[[Núnatani]]''' (pron. {{IPA|[nuːˈnatani]}}).
Upon the reunification of the [[Kingdoms of the Dúnedain]], the might and dignity of the Dúnedain was lifted up and their glory was renewed.<ref name=rings/> Greatest among them was their [[High King of the Dúnedain|High King]] [[Aragorn II Elessar]] who lived up to 210 years (the longest since King [[Arvegil]]),<ref name=eriador/> and he received in some measure their former gifts.<ref name="Elendil"/> He wedded [[Arwen  Undomiel]], daughter of [[Elrond]], brother of [[Elros]] first [[King of Númenor|King of Númenór]], and so restored the majesty and high lineage of the royal [[House of Telcontar]], but their life-span was not restored and continued to wane until it became as that of other men.<ref name="Elendil"/>


The [[Westron]] name for ''Dúnadan'' was simply ''Adûn'', "westerner", but this name was seldom used.
==Etymology==
{{Pronounce|Dunedain.mp3|Ardamir}}
{{quote|I thought you knew enough [[Elvish]] at least to know ''[[dûn|dún]]-[[adan]]'': Man of the West, Númenórean.|[[Bilbo Baggins]]<ref>{{FR|Meetings}}</ref>}}


This name was reserved to those Númenóreans who were friendly to the Elves: the other, hostile survivors of the Downfall were known as the [[Black Númenóreans]].
They are also called the ''Men of the West'' and the ''Men of Westernesse'' (direct translations of the [[Sindarin]] term) and comes from ''[[dûn]]'' and ''[[adan]]''.


==Inflection==
The [[Quenya]] name was '''Núnatan''' (pron. {{IPA|[ˈnuːnatan]}}), pl. '''Núnatani''' (pron. {{IPA|[nuːˈnatani]}}).
{{qya-decl-n|Núnata}}
{{sjn-noun-nd|tc=1|únadan|únedain}}


The [[Westron]] name for ''Dúnadan'' was simply '''[[Adûn]]''', "westerner", but this name was seldom used.
{{references}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Dunedain}}
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[[Category:Men]]
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[[Category:Pronounced articles]]
[[Category:Pronounced articles]]
[[Category:Sindarin nouns]]
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[[de:Dúnedain]]
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[[fi:Dúnedain]]

Revision as of 04:17, 11 May 2020

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Dúnedain
People
General Information
Other namesGreat People of the West, Men of the Ancient Houses, Men of the West, Men of Westernesse
OriginsDescendants of the Númenóreans in Middle-earth
LocationsEriador, Arnor, Gondor
AffiliationLast Alliance of Elves and Men, Host of the West
RivalriesSauron
LanguagesWestron, Quenya, Gondor Sindarin
MembersArgeleb I, Aragorn II, Denethor, Boromir, Faramir, Imrahil
Physical Description
LifespanThrice the life of lesser men but later diminished (not so much in Arnor however)[1]
DistinctionsSuperior to the other men of Middle-earth in nobility of spirit and body
Average heightTaller than other Men
Hair colorDark
Skin colorPale
GalleryImages of Dúnedain

The Dúnedain (S: "west-men", pron. [ˈduːnedaɪn]), singular Dúnadan (pron. [ˈduːnadan]), were the Men of Númenor and (especially) their descendants who peopled Middle-earth in the Second and Third Ages.

History

Early History

After the Downfall of Númenor, the Exiles of Númenor, led by Elendil, established the Realms in Exile of Arnor and Gondor. There, many already dwelt who were in whole or part of Númenorean blood who welcomed Elendil and his sons.[2][3]

Not all the Dúnedain in Middle-earth were descended from the followers of Elendil. Others had settled there independently before the Downfall, and later allied themselves with the founders of the Kingdoms of the Dúnedain. The ancestors of the Princes of Dol Amroth were among the most prominent of these.[4]

Originally ruled by the High King of the Dúnedain, they were divided as the Dúnedain of Arnor and the Dúnedain of Gondor, following the death of Isildur, son of Elendil, in T.A. 2.[2][5]

Division

Dúnedain of Arnor

See also: Dúnedain of Arnor.

Valandil, Isildur's youngest son, took up his rule in Annúminas, but his people were diminished, and of the Northern Dúnedain and of the Men of Eriador there remained now too few to people the land or maintain the places Elendil built; many of Dúnedain of Arnor had died in the War of the Last Alliance and the Disaster of the Gladden Fields.[2]

After the reign of Eärendur, the seventh king that followed Valandil, the Dúnedain of the North became divided into petty realms and lordships, and the witch-realm of Angmar destroyed them one by one.[2][1]

The remnants of the Northern Dúnedain were also heavily affected by the Great Plague; the joint garrison (of the North and South Kingdoms) at Tharbad ceased to exist,[6] and the last of the Dúnedain of Cardolan died on the Barrow-downs.[1]

After the Angmar War, the Dúnedain of the North were reduced to Rangers wandering secretly in the wild, and their heritage was forgotten, save in Imladris, where the Heirs of Isildur were harboured and their line, from father to son, remained unbroken.[2][1]

Dúnedain of Gondor

See also: Dúnedain of Gondor.

In the south, the realm of Gondor endured, and for a time the splendour of the Dúnedain of the South grew, until it recalled the wealth and majesty of Númenor during the reign of Hyarmendacil I by T.A. 1050.[2][7][5]

Yet at the last, in the later Third Age, the Dúnedain of Gondor waned for their blood became much mingled with that of other men, especially the Northmen of Rhovanion.[7] King Eldacar, who himself had Northmannish blood, showed favour to the Northmen who supported him.[7] This led to the Kin-strife, when many of the Dúnedain of Gondor were slain.[7] After his return from exile, many noble houses, including the royal House of Anárion, became more mingled with the blood of "lesser" Men.[7]

The Great Plague decimated the Gondorians with many, including King Telemnar, his kin, as well as many others of the Dúnedain of Gondor, being killed.[2][7]

After the reign of King Eärnur, royal descendants among the Dúnedain of Gondor had become few and no claimant for the throne could be found of pure Númenórean blood, or whose claim all would accept, and people were afraid of a new Kin-strife that would devastate the kingdom.[7] Thus, by default, Mardil began the line of Ruling Stewards of Gondor.[2][7]

After the Stewards picked up the southern rule, the remnant of the Dúnedain of Gondor still defended the passage of the Anduin against the terrors of Minas Morgul and against all the enemies of the West.[2]

By the time of the War of the Ring, the Dúnedain of Gondor lived in Minas Tirith and the adjacent townlands, as well as the tributary fiefs and royal lands of Anórien, Ithilien, and Belfalas.[3][8]

Reunification

In the Fourth Age, the Dúnedain of Gondor and Arnor were reunited under King Aragorn II Elessar (who was also called the Dúnadan).

Characteristics

The Dúnedain were lords of long life, great power, and wisdom; far superior to the Men of Middle-earth among whom they dwelt and whom they ruled.[3] They were from the beginning far fewer in number than the lesser men.[3] They were tall, pale-skinned, with dark hair, shining grey eyes, and proud faces.[9][10][11]

Waning of the Dúnedain

The Third Age marked the beginning of the waning of the Dúnedain, in which their gifts of wisdom, nobility, and long life were slowly withdrawn due to the Downfall of Númenor and their mingling with lesser men.[7]

In the beginning of their history, the Dúnedain were blessed with a lifespan thrice the life of lesser men, yet this ever-diminished over the course of the Third Age.[1][3]

In Arnor, the strife and dissensions between the kingdoms of Arthedain, Cardolan, and Rhudaur hastened the waning of the Dúnedain.[1] Although, their lifespans ever continued to shorten,[1] the Dúnedain of Arnor, especially their Chieftains, maintained significant longevity living to twice the age of lesser men.[1]

In Gondor, after Gondor's numbers were replenished by lesser Northmen after the Kin-Strife, the mingling did not at first hasten the waning of the Dúnedain, as had been feared, but it still proceeded little by little as it had before.[7] However, after the fall of the Kings, the waning was much swifter in Gondor than in Arnor.[1] In fact, Hador the seventh Ruling Steward of Gondor was the last Gondorian to live 150 years and after his time the life-span of those with Númenórean blood waned more rapidly.[12] By the time of the War of the Ring, few among the Gondorians passed 100 years with vigour, except in the more pure and noble houses.[13]

Upon the reunification of the Kingdoms of the Dúnedain, the might and dignity of the Dúnedain was lifted up and their glory was renewed.[2] Greatest among them was their High King Aragorn II Elessar who lived up to 210 years (the longest since King Arvegil),[1] and he received in some measure their former gifts.[12] He wedded Arwen Undomiel, daughter of Elrond, brother of Elros first King of Númenór, and so restored the majesty and high lineage of the royal House of Telcontar, but their life-span was not restored and continued to wane until it became as that of other men.[12]

Etymology

"I thought you knew enough Elvish at least to know dún-adan: Man of the West, Númenórean."
Bilbo Baggins[14]

They are also called the Men of the West and the Men of Westernesse (direct translations of the Sindarin term) and comes from dûn and adan.

The Quenya name was Núnatan (pron. [ˈnuːnatan]), pl. Núnatani (pron. [nuːˈnatani]).

The Westron name for Dúnadan was simply Adûn, "westerner", but this name was seldom used.

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 J.R.R. Tolkien, The Lord of the Rings, Appendix A, "The Númenorean Kings", "Eriador, Arnor, and the Heirs of Isildur"
  2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 J.R.R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien (ed.), The Silmarillion, "Of the Rings of Power and the Third Age"
  3. 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 J.R.R. Tolkien, The Lord of the Rings, Appendix F, "The Languages and Peoples of the Third Age", "Of Men"
  4. J.R.R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien (ed.), Unfinished Tales, "Cirion and Eorl and the Friendship of Gondor and Rohan"
  5. 5.0 5.1 J.R.R. Tolkien, The Lord of the Rings, Appendix B, "The Third Age"
  6. J.R.R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien (ed.), Unfinished Tales, "The History of Galadriel and Celeborn", "Appendix D: The Port of Lond Daer"
  7. 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 7.7 7.8 7.9 J.R.R. Tolkien, The Lord of the Rings, Appendix A, "The Númenorean Kings", "Gondor and the Heirs of Anárion"
  8. J.R.R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien (ed.), The Peoples of Middle-earth, "II. The Appendix on Languages"
  9. J.R.R. Tolkien, The Lord of the Rings, The Two Towers, "Of Herbs and Stewed Rabbit"
  10. J.R.R. Tolkien, The Lord of the Rings, The Return of the King, "Minas Tirith"
  11. J.R.R. Tolkien, The Lord of the Rings, The Fellowship of the Ring, "At the Sign of the Prancing Pony"
  12. 12.0 12.1 12.2 J.R.R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien (ed.), The Peoples of Middle-earth, "VII. The Heirs of Elendil"
  13. J.R.R. Tolkien, The Lord of the Rings, The Return of the King, "The Houses of Healing"
  14. J.R.R. Tolkien, The Lord of the Rings, The Fellowship of the Ring, "Many Meetings"