Haradrim: Difference between revisions

From Tolkien Gateway
m (→‎Traits and culture: added language section)
(Updated infobox)
(21 intermediate revisions by 11 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{race
{{people infobox
| image=[[File:The Lord of the Rings - The Return of the King - Haradrim.jpg|250px]]
| name=Haradrim
| name=Haradrim
| dominions=[[Harad]], including [[Umbar]], [[Near Harad]] and [[Far Harad]]
| image=[[File:John_Howe - Southrons.jpg|250px]]
| languages=presumably numerous; different from [[Common Speech]]
| caption="[[:File:John_Howe - Southrons.jpg|Southrons]]" by [[John Howe]]
| height=shorter than [[Numenoreans]]
| pronun={{respell|ha|rad|rim}}
| length=
| othernames=Southrons
| skincolor=dark
| origin=
| haircolor=dark
| location=[[Harad]], including [[Umbar]], [[Near Harad]] and [[Far Harad]]
| feathers=
| affiliation=[[Sauron]]
| distinctions=Alliance with [[Sauron]]; use of giant [[Oliphaunts]] in battle
| rivalry=[[Gondorians]]
| lifespan=shorter than [[Numenoreans]]
| language=presumably numerous; different from [[Common Speech]]
| members=Serpent Lord
| members=[[Black Serpent]]
|}}
| lifespan=shorter than [[Númenórean]]
| distinctions=
| height=Tall
| hair=Dark
| skin=Dark
| clothing=
| weapons=[[Oliphaunts]]
}}
The '''Haradrim''' or the '''Southrons''' were the proud and warlike people of the [[Harad]], in the south of [[Middle-earth]]. Ancient enemies of [[Gondor]], they allied with [[Sauron]] during the [[War of the Ring]].


The '''Haradrim''' or '''Southrons''' were the proud and warlike people of the [[Harad]], in the south of [[Middle-earth]]. Ancient enemies of [[Gondor]], they allied with [[Sauron]] during the [[War of the Ring]].  
== History ==
The ancestors of the Haradrim were [[Men]] who awoke in the [[First Age]], but stayed to the [[East]] of [[Middle-earth]], not joining the migration of the [[Edain]] to the [[West (disambiguation)|West]]. They eventually settled in [[Harad]], where the [[Sun]] is fierce and there are no clouds. It is possible that they were relatives of the [[Easterlings (First Age)|Swarthy Men]] who went to [[Beleriand]] after the Edain.


==Traits and culture==
In the [[Second Age]] [[Sauron]] escaped the judgment of the [[Valar]] and continued his former master's work, turning the Men of the [[East]] and [[South (disambiguation)|South]] to evil and dominating them. Under the authority of the Dark Lord, many towns and walls of stone were built, and those under his influence became numerous and armed with iron. To these men, Sauron was feared as a king and god.<ref name=rings>{{S|Rings}}</ref>
[[File:Alan Lee - An Oliphaunt.jpg|thumb|left|[[Alan Lee]] - ''An Oliphaunt'']]
=== Second Age ===
The Haradrim were tall, primitive and dark-skinned with black hair and eyes, and for that they were called '''Swertings''' or '''[[Swarthy Men]]'''.<ref name=herbs>{{TT|Herbs}}</ref> Those of [[Near Harad]] were brown-skinned, with black hair and dark eyes, whereas the people of [[Far Harad]] had black skin.<ref name="Gate">{{TT|IV3}}</ref>
During the Second Age the [[Númenóreans|High Men]] of [[Númenor]] built a great city in the firth of [[Umbar]], a vast natural harbour on the southern shores of the [[Bay of Belfalas]], eventually turning the city into a fortified citadel from whose gates the Men of Númenor initially benefited the people in the lands they explored by teaching them many things about agriculture and craftsmanship.<ref>{{App|Numenor}}</ref> After the reign of [[Tar-Ciryatan]], the Númenóreans began to set themselves up as lords in Middle-earth as they demanded tribute of goods and wealth, causing the oppression of the Haradrim. Under [[Ar-Pharazon]], the Númenóreans made war on the Men of Middle-earth, enslaving them and using them for human sacrifices.<ref>{{S|Akallabeth}}</ref>


Many Haradrim warriors were seen in bright clothing, such as scarlet robes, and were decorated with golden ornaments, such as collars, earrings, corslets of overlapping brazen plates; they braided their hair with gold. Some tribes painted their bodies. Scarlet and red was also the color of their banners, tips of their spears, and body paint. Their shields were yellow and black with spikes.<ref name=herbs/> It is also mentioned that at the end of the Second Age some of the Men in the south had weapons of iron.<ref>{{S|Rings}}</ref>
In the following centuries they were influenced by [[Sauron]] and [[Black Númenóreans]], those evil High Men who stayed in Harad and survived the [[Downfall of Númenor]].<ref>{{RK|V10}}</ref> The Haradrim became enemies of [[Gondor]], as the Kingdom's southern borders were close to their lands. Shortly before the [[War of the Last Alliance]], two Númenórean lords, [[Herumor]] and [[Fuinur]], "rose to great power amongst the Haradrim".<ref name=rings/>


===Language===
=== Third Age ===
Tolkien did not especially work out a notable language for the Haradrim. The only word which is stated to come from a southron language is "Mûmak", the name of the great war-oliphaunts of Harad.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.glyphweb.com/arda/m/mumakil.html |title=Mûmakil |work=The Encyclopedia of Arda}}</ref> [[Gandalf]] states that his name in "the south" is "Incánus" (which is Latin, meaning "very grey-haired" and thus may be simply a translation of the original Olórin's name among the Haradrim, just like name "Gandalf" itself is an anglicized Old Norse translation of a Westron name), thought by some to be a Haradrim name, but speculated by Tolkien to actually be a [[Westron]] or Sindarin form from Gondor. On early sketches for the Lord of the Rings names as "Barangils" and "Harwan" appear, but it is unsure if Tolkien intended both to be names from a Haradrim language. Despite having a meaning in Quenya ("fate"), the name [[Umbar]] is said to be adapted from the natives' language and not from Elvish or [[Adûnaic]].
The Haradrim did not trouble the [[Realms in Exile]] for many centuries. There were dealings between the southlands and Gondor in these days, though it is said that there was never friendship between the two realms,<ref>{{TT|Herbs}}</ref> and in the year {{TA|1015}} they followed the Black Númenóreans against Umbar to recapture it. Their great power was not enough against the sea-power of Gondor. The attempts lasted for 35 years until, in {{TA|1050}}, [[Ciryandil]] defeated the Haradrim force by sending troops by land.<ref name="annals">{{App|Gondor}}</ref>
 
==History==
The ancestors of the Haradrim were [[Men]] who awoke in the [[First Age]], but stayed to the [[East]] of [[Middle-earth]], not joining the migration of the [[Edain]] to the [[West (disambiguation)|West]]. They eventually settled in [[Harad]], where the [[Sun]] is fierce and there are no clouds. It is possible that they were relatives of the [[Swarthy Men]] who went to [[Beleriand]] after the Edain. The Haradrim remained a fierce, cruel people.<ref>{{webcite|author=[[Andreas Moehn]]|articleurl=http://lalaith.vpsurf.de/Tolkien/Men_of_Darkness.html|articlename=The History of the Men of Darkness|website=Lalaith}}</ref>
===Second Age===
During the [[Second Age]] the [[Númenóreans|High Men]] of [[Númenor]] built a great city in the firth of [[Umbar]], a vast natural harbour on the southern shores of the [[Bay of Belfalas]], eventually turning the city into a fortified citadel from whose gates the Men of Númenor initially benefited the people in the lands they explored by teaching them many things about agriculture and craftsmanship.<ref>{{App|Numenor}}</ref> After the reign of [[Tar-Ciryatan]], the Númenóreans began to set themselves up as lords in Middle-earth as they demanded tribute of goods and wealth, causing the oppression of the Haradrim. Under [[Ar-Pharazon]], the Númenóreans made war on the Men of Middle-earth, enslaving them and using them for human sacrifices.<ref>{{S|Akallabeth}}</ref>
 
In the following centuries they were influenced by [[Sauron]] and [[Black Númenóreans]], those evil High Men who stayed in Harad and survived the [[Downfall of Númenor]].<ref>{{RK|V10}}</ref> The Haradrim became enemies of [[Gondor]], as the Kingdom's southern borders was close to their lands. Shortly before the [[War of the Last Alliance]], two Númenórean lords, [[Herumor]] and [[Fuinur]], "rose to great power amongst the Haradrim".<ref>{{S|Rings}}</ref>
 
===Third Age===
The Haradrim did not trouble the [[Realms in Exile]] for many centuries, until in {{TA|1015}}, they followed the Black Númenóreans against Umbar to recapture it. Their great power was not enough against the sea-power of Gondor. The attempts lasted for 35 years until, in {{TA|1050}}, [[Ciryandil]] defeated the Haradrim force by sending troops by land.<ref name="annals">{{App|Gondor}}</ref>


Later however kings of [[Harad]] who were in league with the [[Umbar]] rebelled against Gondor. King [[Aldamir]] fell in battle against them but his son [[Vinyarion]] won a great victory in Harad in {{TA|1551}}.<ref name="annals"/>
Later however kings of [[Harad]] who were in league with the [[Umbar]] rebelled against Gondor. King [[Aldamir]] fell in battle against them but his son [[Vinyarion]] won a great victory in Harad in {{TA|1551}}.<ref name="annals"/>
Line 45: Line 43:
At the time of the [[War of the Ring]], the Southrons were in league with [[Sauron]] and fought alongside his [[Orcs|Orc]] army. The Haradrim were among the forces led by the [[Witch-king]] that attacked [[Osgiliath]] on [[20 June|June 20]], {{TA|3018}},<ref name="Great">{{App|Great}}</ref> at the beginning of the War. They captured the eastern half of Osgiliath, but [[Boromir]] and [[Faramir]] cast down the bridge across the [[Anduin]] and defended the western half of the city.<ref name="Council">{{FR|II2}}</ref>  More Haradrim continued to come up the [[Harad Road]] to Mordor.  Faramir and the [[Rangers of Ithilien]] ambushed some companies of Haradrim, but they could not stop them all.<ref>{{TT|IV4}}</ref>
At the time of the [[War of the Ring]], the Southrons were in league with [[Sauron]] and fought alongside his [[Orcs|Orc]] army. The Haradrim were among the forces led by the [[Witch-king]] that attacked [[Osgiliath]] on [[20 June|June 20]], {{TA|3018}},<ref name="Great">{{App|Great}}</ref> at the beginning of the War. They captured the eastern half of Osgiliath, but [[Boromir]] and [[Faramir]] cast down the bridge across the [[Anduin]] and defended the western half of the city.<ref name="Council">{{FR|II2}}</ref>  More Haradrim continued to come up the [[Harad Road]] to Mordor.  Faramir and the [[Rangers of Ithilien]] ambushed some companies of Haradrim, but they could not stop them all.<ref>{{TT|IV4}}</ref>
   
   
In the [[Battle of the Pelennor Fields]], they deployed cavalry and gigantic, [[Elephants|elephant]]-like [[Oliphaunts|Mûmakil]].  Regiments of Haradrim joined the host from Minas Morgul marching to the [[Pelennor Fields]]. Sauron's forces besieged [[Minas Tirith]], and the Mûmakil of Harad were used to bring forward war-towers and siege-engines to test the City's defenses.  One of the leaders of the Haradrim at this time bore the standard of the [[Serpent Lord]] and was slain by King [[Théoden]] of [[Rohan]] at the [[Battle of the Pelennor Fields]]<ref>{{RK|V6}}</ref> on [[15 March]] {{TA|3019|n}}.<ref name="Great"/>
In the [[Battle of the Pelennor Fields]], they deployed cavalry and gigantic, [[Elephants|elephant]]-like [[Oliphaunts|Mûmakil]].  Regiments of Haradrim joined the host from Minas Morgul marching to the [[Pelennor Fields]]. Sauron's forces besieged [[Minas Tirith]], and the Mûmakil of Harad were used to bring forward war-towers and siege-engines to test the City's defenses.  One of the leaders of the Haradrim at this time bore the standard of the [[Black Serpent]] and was slain by King [[Théoden]] of [[Rohan]] at the [[Battle of the Pelennor Fields]]<ref name=fields>{{RK|V6}}</ref> on [[15 March]] {{TA|3019|n}}.<ref name="Great"/>


Once Sauron was destroyed, the Southrons submitted to the rule of King [[Aragorn|Elessar]].
Once Sauron was destroyed, Southrons in the western lands of Harad submitted to the rule of King [[Aragorn|Elessar]] and were conquered. The Southrons in the East, however, remained independent.


== Traits and culture ==
[[File:Alan Lee - Oliphaunt.jpg|thumb|left|"Oliphaunt" by [[Alan Lee]]]]
The Haradrim were bold and grim men, fierce in despair. They were tall and dark-skinned with black hair and dark eyes, and for that they were called '''Swertings''' or '''[[Swarthy Men]]'''.<ref name=herbs>{{TT|Herbs}}</ref> The men of [[Near Harad]] were brown-skinned, with black hair and dark eyes,<ref name="Gate">{{TT|IV3}}</ref> while the race known as "[[Half-trolls|half-trolls]]" out of [[Far Harad]] had black skin.<ref name=fields/>
Many Haradrim warriors were seen in bright clothing, such as scarlet robes, and were decorated with golden ornaments, such as collars, earrings, corslets of overlapping brazen plates; they braided their hair with gold. Some tribes painted their bodies. Scarlet and red was also the color of their banners, tips of their spears, and body paint. Their shields were yellow and black with spikes.<ref name=herbs/> It is also mentioned that at the end of the Second Age some of the Men in the south had weapons of iron.<ref name=rings/> At the Battle of the Pelennor Fields, the Haradrim bore scimitars that glittered like stars.<ref name=fields/>
The Haradrim had tamed the massive ''[[Oliphaunts|Mûmakil]]'' beasts and used them in warfare and, like their masters, were decorated with scarlet and gold. They even strapped towers on their backs, used by Haradrim archers and spearmen.<ref name=herbs/>
===Language===
To the [[Gondorians]] their voices sounded harsh, like shouts of beasts.<ref>{{RK|Siege}}</ref>
To the [[Gondorians]] their voices sounded harsh, like shouts of beasts.<ref>{{RK|Siege}}</ref>


The Haradrim had tamed the massive ''[[Oliphaunts|Mûmakil]]'' beasts and used them in warfare and, like their masters, were decorated with scarlet and gold. They even strapped towers on their backs, used by Haradrim archers and spearmen.<ref name=herbs/>
The only word which is stated to come from a southron language is "Mûmak", the name of the great war-oliphaunts of Harad.
 
[[Gandalf]] states that his name in "the south" is "[[Incánus]]" thought ''Inkā-nūsh'' (or possibly ''Inkā-nūs''), meaning "North-spy".<ref>{{UT|Istari}}</ref>


[[Half-trolls]] was a name for a race of Men coming from [[Far Harad]], perhaps one of the tribes of the Haradrim.
Despite having a meaning in Quenya ("fate"), the name [[Umbar]] is said to be adapted from the natives' language and not from Elvish or [[Adûnaic]].


==Etymology==
== Etymology ==


''Haradrim'' is a [[Sindarin]] name, consisting of the elements ''[[harad]]'' ("south") + ''[[rim]]'' ("host")<ref>{{L|144}}, p. 178</ref> thus meaning "South-people".<ref name=foster/>
''Haradrim'' is a [[Sindarin]] name, consisting of the elements ''[[harad]]'' ("south") + ''[[rim]]'' ("host")<ref>{{L|144}}, p. 178</ref> thus meaning "South-people".<ref name=foster/>
Line 62: Line 71:


==Other versions of the Legendarium==
==Other versions of the Legendarium==
Early variant names for this people were the ''Haradwaith'' (from the name of their land) and ''Haradrians''.<ref>{{HM|SD}}, pp. 16-7</ref>
Early variant names for this people were the ''Barangils'',<ref>{{WR|IV}}</ref> the ''Haradwaith'' (from the name of their land) and ''Haradrians''.<ref>{{HM|SD}}, pp. 16-7</ref>
==Portrayal in Adaptations==
 
Early [[Westron]] names include ''Harwan'' and ''Silharrows'', which are derived from the [[Old English]] name of the Aethiopians, ''Sigelhearwan'' (See also: ''[[Sigelwara Land]]'').<ref>{{TI|Fangorn}}, Note 4</ref>
 
==Portrayal in adaptations==


'''2001-03: [[The Lord of the Rings (film series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (film series)]]:'''
'''2001-03: [[The Lord of the Rings (film series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (film series)]]:'''


:The Haradrim appear briefly in [[The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers|The Two Towers]] when Frodo and [[Samwise Gamgee|Sam]] witness a raid on one of their columns by [[Faramir|Faramir's]] rangers.  They are featured more prominently in [[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King|The Return of the King]], in which the battle between the [[Rohirrim]] and the [[Mûmakil]] is a major action sequence.
:The Haradrim appear briefly in [[The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers|The Two Towers]] when Frodo and [[Samwise Gamgee|Sam]] witness a raid on one of their columns by [[Faramir|Faramir's]] rangers.  They are featured more prominently in [[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King|The Return of the King]], in which the battle between the [[Rohirrim]] and the [[Oliphaunts|Mûmakil]] is a major action sequence.


:While the [[The Return of the King|book]] depicts the Southron army as primarily cavalry armed with scimitars, we see no horsemen in the movie: the Haradrim fight almost exclusively from platforms mounted on the backs of their monstrous [[oliphaunts]].  They have also adorned the animals' tusks with spikes and shafts that crush and impale numerous enemy horsemen.
:While the [[The Return of the King|book]] depicts the Southron army as primarily cavalry armed with scimitars, we see no horsemen in the movie: the Haradrim fight almost exclusively from platforms mounted on the backs of their monstrous [[oliphaunts]].  They have also adorned the animals' tusks with spikes and shafts that crush and impale numerous enemy horsemen.
Line 73: Line 85:
:The costumes of the Haradrim in the movie are Middle Eastern in style and dark brown or black in color, while the Haradrim wore red livery in the book.
:The costumes of the Haradrim in the movie are Middle Eastern in style and dark brown or black in color, while the Haradrim wore red livery in the book.


==See also==
== See also ==
* [[:Category:Images of Haradrim|Images of Haradrim]]
* [[:Category:Images of Haradrim|Images of Haradrim]]
{{references}}
{{references}}
[[Category:Haradrim| ]]
[[Category:Haradrim| ]]
[[Category:Sindarin names]]
[[Category:Sindarin demonyms]]
[[Category:Men]]
[[Category:Men]]
[[de:Haradrim]]
[[de:Haradrim]]
[[fr:encyclo/peuples/hommes/haradrim]]
[[fr:encyclo/peuples/hommes/haradrim]]
[[fi:Haradrim]]
[[fi:Haradrim]]

Revision as of 13:18, 17 December 2017

Haradrim
People
John Howe - Southrons.jpg
"Southrons" by John Howe
General Information
Pronunciationha-rad-rim
Other namesSouthrons
LocationsHarad, including Umbar, Near Harad and Far Harad
AffiliationSauron
RivalriesGondorians
Languagespresumably numerous; different from Common Speech
MembersBlack Serpent
Physical Description
Lifespanshorter than Númenórean
Average heightTall
Hair colorDark
Skin colorDark
WeaponryOliphaunts
GalleryImages of Haradrim

The Haradrim or the Southrons were the proud and warlike people of the Harad, in the south of Middle-earth. Ancient enemies of Gondor, they allied with Sauron during the War of the Ring.

History

The ancestors of the Haradrim were Men who awoke in the First Age, but stayed to the East of Middle-earth, not joining the migration of the Edain to the West. They eventually settled in Harad, where the Sun is fierce and there are no clouds. It is possible that they were relatives of the Swarthy Men who went to Beleriand after the Edain.

In the Second Age Sauron escaped the judgment of the Valar and continued his former master's work, turning the Men of the East and South to evil and dominating them. Under the authority of the Dark Lord, many towns and walls of stone were built, and those under his influence became numerous and armed with iron. To these men, Sauron was feared as a king and god.[1]

Second Age

During the Second Age the High Men of Númenor built a great city in the firth of Umbar, a vast natural harbour on the southern shores of the Bay of Belfalas, eventually turning the city into a fortified citadel from whose gates the Men of Númenor initially benefited the people in the lands they explored by teaching them many things about agriculture and craftsmanship.[2] After the reign of Tar-Ciryatan, the Númenóreans began to set themselves up as lords in Middle-earth as they demanded tribute of goods and wealth, causing the oppression of the Haradrim. Under Ar-Pharazon, the Númenóreans made war on the Men of Middle-earth, enslaving them and using them for human sacrifices.[3]

In the following centuries they were influenced by Sauron and Black Númenóreans, those evil High Men who stayed in Harad and survived the Downfall of Númenor.[4] The Haradrim became enemies of Gondor, as the Kingdom's southern borders were close to their lands. Shortly before the War of the Last Alliance, two Númenórean lords, Herumor and Fuinur, "rose to great power amongst the Haradrim".[1]

Third Age

The Haradrim did not trouble the Realms in Exile for many centuries. There were dealings between the southlands and Gondor in these days, though it is said that there was never friendship between the two realms,[5] and in the year T.A. 1015 they followed the Black Númenóreans against Umbar to recapture it. Their great power was not enough against the sea-power of Gondor. The attempts lasted for 35 years until, in T.A. 1050, Ciryandil defeated the Haradrim force by sending troops by land.[6]

Later however kings of Harad who were in league with the Umbar rebelled against Gondor. King Aldamir fell in battle against them but his son Vinyarion won a great victory in Harad in T.A. 1551.[6]

The Haradrim later were allied with the Wainriders, a confederation of Easterlings, and the Men of Khand. During the simultaneous assaults from the north and the south, the South-kingdom came close to destruction. The campaigns ended with the Wainraiders' definite defeat in the Battle of the Camp in T.A. 1944.[6]

Around that time, some Haradrim were among the Corsairs of Umbar, a constant harassment for Gondor.[7]

The Haradrim were stirred up by emissaries of Sauron to attack Gondor again, and in T.A. 2885, they did so at the Crossings of Poros, but were defeated again as they faced also the Rohirrim. The twin sons of King Folcwine of Rohan, were slain in that battle.[8][9]

At the time of the War of the Ring, the Southrons were in league with Sauron and fought alongside his Orc army. The Haradrim were among the forces led by the Witch-king that attacked Osgiliath on June 20, T.A. 3018,[10] at the beginning of the War. They captured the eastern half of Osgiliath, but Boromir and Faramir cast down the bridge across the Anduin and defended the western half of the city.[11] More Haradrim continued to come up the Harad Road to Mordor. Faramir and the Rangers of Ithilien ambushed some companies of Haradrim, but they could not stop them all.[12]

In the Battle of the Pelennor Fields, they deployed cavalry and gigantic, elephant-like Mûmakil. Regiments of Haradrim joined the host from Minas Morgul marching to the Pelennor Fields. Sauron's forces besieged Minas Tirith, and the Mûmakil of Harad were used to bring forward war-towers and siege-engines to test the City's defenses. One of the leaders of the Haradrim at this time bore the standard of the Black Serpent and was slain by King Théoden of Rohan at the Battle of the Pelennor Fields[13] on 15 March 3019.[10]

Once Sauron was destroyed, Southrons in the western lands of Harad submitted to the rule of King Elessar and were conquered. The Southrons in the East, however, remained independent.

Traits and culture

"Oliphaunt" by Alan Lee

The Haradrim were bold and grim men, fierce in despair. They were tall and dark-skinned with black hair and dark eyes, and for that they were called Swertings or Swarthy Men.[14] The men of Near Harad were brown-skinned, with black hair and dark eyes,[15] while the race known as "half-trolls" out of Far Harad had black skin.[13]

Many Haradrim warriors were seen in bright clothing, such as scarlet robes, and were decorated with golden ornaments, such as collars, earrings, corslets of overlapping brazen plates; they braided their hair with gold. Some tribes painted their bodies. Scarlet and red was also the color of their banners, tips of their spears, and body paint. Their shields were yellow and black with spikes.[14] It is also mentioned that at the end of the Second Age some of the Men in the south had weapons of iron.[1] At the Battle of the Pelennor Fields, the Haradrim bore scimitars that glittered like stars.[13]

The Haradrim had tamed the massive Mûmakil beasts and used them in warfare and, like their masters, were decorated with scarlet and gold. They even strapped towers on their backs, used by Haradrim archers and spearmen.[14]

Language

To the Gondorians their voices sounded harsh, like shouts of beasts.[16]

The only word which is stated to come from a southron language is "Mûmak", the name of the great war-oliphaunts of Harad.

Gandalf states that his name in "the south" is "Incánus" thought Inkā-nūsh (or possibly Inkā-nūs), meaning "North-spy".[17]

Despite having a meaning in Quenya ("fate"), the name Umbar is said to be adapted from the natives' language and not from Elvish or Adûnaic.

Etymology

Haradrim is a Sindarin name, consisting of the elements harad ("south") + rim ("host")[18] thus meaning "South-people".[7]

Other names were Southerns, Southrons.[7]

Other versions of the Legendarium

Early variant names for this people were the Barangils,[19] the Haradwaith (from the name of their land) and Haradrians.[20]

Early Westron names include Harwan and Silharrows, which are derived from the Old English name of the Aethiopians, Sigelhearwan (See also: Sigelwara Land).[21]

Portrayal in adaptations

2001-03: The Lord of the Rings (film series):

The Haradrim appear briefly in The Two Towers when Frodo and Sam witness a raid on one of their columns by Faramir's rangers. They are featured more prominently in The Return of the King, in which the battle between the Rohirrim and the Mûmakil is a major action sequence.
While the book depicts the Southron army as primarily cavalry armed with scimitars, we see no horsemen in the movie: the Haradrim fight almost exclusively from platforms mounted on the backs of their monstrous oliphaunts. They have also adorned the animals' tusks with spikes and shafts that crush and impale numerous enemy horsemen.
The costumes of the Haradrim in the movie are Middle Eastern in style and dark brown or black in color, while the Haradrim wore red livery in the book.

See also

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 J.R.R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien (ed.), The Silmarillion, "Of the Rings of Power and the Third Age"
  2. J.R.R. Tolkien, The Lord of the Rings, Appendix A, "The Númenorean Kings", "Númenor"
  3. J.R.R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien (ed.), The Silmarillion, "Akallabêth: The Downfall of Númenor"
  4. J.R.R. Tolkien, The Lord of the Rings, The Return of the King, "The Black Gate Opens"
  5. J.R.R. Tolkien, The Lord of the Rings, The Two Towers, "Of Herbs and Stewed Rabbit"
  6. 6.0 6.1 6.2 J.R.R. Tolkien, The Lord of the Rings, Appendix A, "The Númenorean Kings", "Gondor and the Heirs of Anárion"
  7. 7.0 7.1 7.2 Robert Foster, The Complete Guide to Middle-earth, entry "Haradrim"
  8. J.R.R. Tolkien, The Lord of the Rings, Appendix B, "The Third Age"
  9. J.R.R. Tolkien, The Lord of the Rings, Appendix A, "The House of Eorl", "The Kings of the Mark"
  10. 10.0 10.1 J.R.R. Tolkien, The Lord of the Rings, Appendix B, "The Great Years"
  11. J.R.R. Tolkien, The Lord of the Rings, The Fellowship of the Ring, "The Council of Elrond"
  12. J.R.R. Tolkien, The Lord of the Rings, The Two Towers, "Of Herbs and Stewed Rabbit"
  13. 13.0 13.1 13.2 J.R.R. Tolkien, The Lord of the Rings, The Return of the King, "The Battle of the Pelennor Fields"
  14. 14.0 14.1 14.2 J.R.R. Tolkien, The Lord of the Rings, The Two Towers, "Of Herbs and Stewed Rabbit"
  15. J.R.R. Tolkien, The Lord of the Rings, The Two Towers, "The Black Gate is Closed"
  16. J.R.R. Tolkien, The Lord of the Rings, The Return of the King, "The Siege of Gondor"
  17. J.R.R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien (ed.), Unfinished Tales, "The Istari"
  18. J.R.R. Tolkien; Humphrey Carpenter, Christopher Tolkien (eds.), The Letters of J.R.R. Tolkien, Letter 144, (dated 25 April 1954), p. 178
  19. J.R.R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien (ed.), The War of the Ring,
  20. J.R.R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien (ed.), Sauron Defeated, pp. 16-7
  21. J.R.R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien (ed.), The Treason of Isengard, "XXV. The Story Foreseen from Fangorn", Note 4