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'''i''' (plural '''in''' in [[Sindarin]]) is the [[Quenya]] and [[Sindarin]] article " | '''''i''''' (plural '''''in''''' in [[Sindarin]]) is the [[Quenya]] and [[Sindarin]] article "the" and relative pronoun "who". | ||
==Sindarin== | ==Sindarin== | ||
===Mutations=== | ===Mutations=== | ||
In Sindarin, the singular form causes [[lenition]] to the following word. For example ''[[tâl]]'' "foot" > ''i '''d'''âl'' "the foot"<ref>{{HM|LR}} p. 298</ref> | In Sindarin, the singular form causes [[lenition]] to the following word. For example ''[[tâl]]'' "foot" > ''i '''d'''âl'' "the foot".<ref>{{HM|LR}} p. 298</ref> | ||
The plural form causes [[nasal mutation]], and the final -''n'' is assimilated. For example ''[[Perian|Periain]]'' "[[Halflings]]" > ''i'''n+P'''eriain'' > ''i-'''Ph'''eriain''<ref>{{ | The plural form causes [[nasal mutation]], and the final -''n'' is assimilated. For example ''[[Perian|Periain]]'' "[[Halflings]]" > ''i'''n+P'''eriain'' > ''i-'''Ph'''eriain'' "the Halflings".<ref>{{RK|Cormallen}}</ref> | ||
(The affection is usually noted with a hyphen or a dot) | (The affection is usually noted with a hyphen or a dot between article and word.) | ||
===Related forms=== | ===Related forms=== | ||
These Sindarin prepositions contain the suffixed article ''-in'' | These Sindarin prepositions contain the suffixed article ''-in'': | ||
*''[[nan]]'' "to the" | *''[[nan (preposition)|nan]]'' "to the" | ||
*''[[ben]]'' "according to the" | *''[[ben]]'' "according to the" | ||
*''[[nuin]]'' "under the" | *''[[nuin]]'' "under the" | ||
*''[[erin]]'' "on the" | *''[[erin]]'' "on the" | ||
*''[[uin]]'' "of the" | *''[[uin (preposition)|uin]]'' "of the" | ||
The above combined articles when before a word, cause a peculiar phenomenon of lenition different from the above.<ref>http://folk.uib.no/hnohf/sindarin.htm#mixed</ref> | |||
==As a relative pronoun== | ==As a relative pronoun== | ||
In both Quenya and Sindarin, ''i'' is used for the relative pronoun "who", introducing a secondary phrase. | <!-- note: this should be moved to ye/ya --> | ||
In both Quenya and Sindarin, ''i'' is used for the relative pronoun "who" or a conjunction "that", introducing a secondary phrase. In Quenya it is usually the plural form of ''[[ya]]/[[ye]]'' but can also be used in the Singular. | |||
For example | For example: | ||
*''[[Perhael]], '''i''' [[sennui]] "[[Panthael]]" [[esta]]thar [[aen]]'' "[[Samwise]], '''who''' ought to be called 'Fullwise'"<ref>{{HM|SD}}, [[King's Letter]]</ref> | *''[[Perhael]], '''i''' [[sennui]] "[[Panthael]]" [[esta]]thar [[aen]]'' "[[Samwise Gamgee|Samwise]], '''who''' ought to be called 'Fullwise'"<ref>{{HM|SD}}, [[King's Letter]]</ref> | ||
*''[[Ilúvatar|Eru]] '''i''' [[or]] [[ilya|ilye]] [[mahalma]]r [[ea (verb)|ea]]'' "the One, '''who''' is above all thrones" | |||
In Quenya, it can also be declined as a noun: | |||
*'''''illon''' [[cam]]nelyes'' "'''from whom''' you received it?"<ref>{{VT|47a}}, p. 21</ref> | |||
{{references}} | {{references}} | ||
<small> | |||
* [[Dragon Flame]] 2.0 | * [[Dragon Flame]] 2.0 | ||
</small> | |||
[[Category:Sindarin | {{title|lowercase}} | ||
[[Category:Sindarin articles]] |
Latest revision as of 17:17, 15 March 2013
i (plural in in Sindarin) is the Quenya and Sindarin article "the" and relative pronoun "who".
Sindarin[edit | edit source]
Mutations[edit | edit source]
In Sindarin, the singular form causes lenition to the following word. For example tâl "foot" > i dâl "the foot".[1]
The plural form causes nasal mutation, and the final -n is assimilated. For example Periain "Halflings" > in+Periain > i-Pheriain "the Halflings".[2]
(The affection is usually noted with a hyphen or a dot between article and word.)
Related forms[edit | edit source]
These Sindarin prepositions contain the suffixed article -in:
The above combined articles when before a word, cause a peculiar phenomenon of lenition different from the above.[3]
As a relative pronoun[edit | edit source]
In both Quenya and Sindarin, i is used for the relative pronoun "who" or a conjunction "that", introducing a secondary phrase. In Quenya it is usually the plural form of ya/ye but can also be used in the Singular.
For example:
- Perhael, i sennui "Panthael" estathar aen "Samwise, who ought to be called 'Fullwise'"[4]
- Eru i or ilye mahalmar ea "the One, who is above all thrones"
In Quenya, it can also be declined as a noun:
References
- ↑ J.R.R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien (ed.), The Lost Road and Other Writings p. 298
- ↑ J.R.R. Tolkien, The Lord of the Rings, The Return of the King, "The Field of Cormallen"
- ↑ http://folk.uib.no/hnohf/sindarin.htm#mixed
- ↑ J.R.R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien (ed.), Sauron Defeated, King's Letter
- ↑ J.R.R. Tolkien, "Eldarin Hands, Fingers & Numerals and Related Writings — Part One" (edited by Patrick H. Wynne), in Vinyar Tengwar, Number 47, February 2005, p. 21
- Dragon Flame 2.0