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'''I-affection''' or '''[[Wikipedia:Germanic umlaut|Umlaut]]''' is a phonological phenomenon which is an integral part of the [[Sindarin]] language. | '''I-affection''' or '''[[Wikipedia:Germanic umlaut|Umlaut]]''' is a phonological phenomenon which is an integral part of the [[Sindarin]] language. | ||
− | The phenomenon refers to the vowels of a word to be 'slid' higher and fronter to another | + | The phenomenon refers to the vowels of a word to be 'slid' higher and fronter to another vowel, usually ''e'', drawn because of a following ''i'' (usually near the end of the word) in a sort of [[Wikipedia:vowel harmony|vowel harmony]]. This started to occur after the stage called "[[Old Sindarin]]". |
Umlaut has a grammatical significance in Sindarin since it is how plural of nouns is formed. | Umlaut has a grammatical significance in Sindarin since it is how plural of nouns is formed. | ||
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*''[[said]]'' "private" + ''-ia'' > ''[[seidia-|s''ei''d'''i'''a-]] "to set aside"<ref>{{VT|42}} p.20</ref> | *''[[said]]'' "private" + ''-ia'' > ''[[seidia-|s''ei''d'''i'''a-]] "to set aside"<ref>{{VT|42}} p.20</ref> | ||
− | The same effect is seen with other endings such as ''[[-ien]]'' or ''[[-ian]] | + | The same effect is seen with other endings such as ''[[-ien]]'' or ''[[-ian]]'' as seen in |
− | *''[[Balar]]'' an island + '' | + | *''[[Balar]]'' an island + ''-iand'' > ''[[Beleriand|B''e''l''e''r'''i'''and]]'' "Land of Balar" |
− | + | *''[[loth]]'' "flower" + ''-ien'' > ''[[Lúthien|L''u''th'''i'''en]]'' "Daughter of the flowers"<ref>{{PE|17}}</ref> | |
+ | *''[[or]]'' "over" + ''[[i]]'' "the" > ''[[erin|''e''r'''i'''n]]'' "on the" | ||
Another ending which causes umlaut is ''[[-il]]'' | Another ending which causes umlaut is ''[[-il]]'' | ||
*[[AM1]] + ''-il'' > ''[[emil|''e''m'''i'''l]]'' "mother"<ref>{{VT|45a}} p.5</ref> | *[[AM1]] + ''-il'' > ''[[emil|''e''m'''i'''l]]'' "mother"<ref>{{VT|45a}} p.5</ref> | ||
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It also can be triggered by compounded words | It also can be triggered by compounded words | ||
*[[mad-]] + [[glî]] > ''[[medli|m''e''dl'''i''']]'' "[[bear]]" (honey-eater) | *[[mad-]] + [[glî]] > ''[[medli|m''e''dl'''i''']]'' "[[bear]]" (honey-eater) | ||
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==Plural== | ==Plural== |