Kings' Reckoning: Difference between revisions
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In leap years, [[loëndë]] was replaced with two [[enderi]]; this occurred in years divisible by 4 but not by 100. In addition, in years divisible by 1000 loëndë was replaced by three enderi{{fact}}, resulting in a 367-day year. | In leap years, [[loëndë]] was replaced with two [[enderi]]; this occurred in years divisible by 4 but not by 100 (''[[haranyë]]''), resulting in a 366-day year, similar to modern [[wikipedia:Gregorian calendar|Gregorian calendar]] leap years. In addition, in years divisible by 1000 loëndë was replaced by three enderi{{fact}}, resulting in a 367-day year. These leap year rules held throughout the [[Second Age]] and continued based on the restarted numbering of [[Third Age]] years, and the 2-day "millennial additions" continued through {{TA|2000}}. This calendar was replaced by the [[Stewards' Reckoning]] in {{TA|2060}}.<ref name="D2" /> | ||
According to [[Jim Allan]] in ''[[An Introduction to Elvish]]'', each of the elvish month names has a correspondence to the months of the [[Wikipedia:French Republican Calendar|French Republican Calendar]]; for example, Nénimë/Pluviôse mean "Rainy", Súlìmë/Ventôse mean "Windy". Jim Allan suggests that Tolkien used this similarity because the French Republican Calendar was based on earlier unrecorded Germanic month names.<ref name="allan">{{HM|IE}}, p. 151</ref><!-- check chapter heading --> | According to [[Jim Allan]] in ''[[An Introduction to Elvish]]'', each of the elvish month names has a correspondence to the months of the [[Wikipedia:French Republican Calendar|French Republican Calendar]]; for example, Nénimë/Pluviôse mean "Rainy", Súlìmë/Ventôse mean "Windy". Jim Allan suggests that Tolkien used this similarity because the French Republican Calendar was based on earlier unrecorded Germanic month names.<ref name="allan">{{HM|IE}}, p. 151</ref><!-- check chapter heading --> |
Revision as of 14:37, 16 May 2018
This article or section needs more/new/more-detailed sources to conform to a higher standard and to provide proof for claims made. |
The name given to the calendar system used in Númenor throughout the Second Age, and in Gondor and Arnor throughout much of the Third Age. It divided the year into twelve months (properly called astar), and included three days that did not belong to any month: yestarë, loëndë and mettarë. The King's Reckoning lasted until the loss of Eärnur the last King of Gondor. It was revised by Mardil Voronwë, the first Ruling Steward, who replaced it with the system known as the Stewards' Reckoning.[1]
Structure
The year was divided into twelve months, with three days outside the months. These divisions are given in the table below.
Month number | Quenya | Sindarin | Length | English translation |
---|---|---|---|---|
Yestarë | 1 | First day | ||
1 | Narvinyë | Narwain | 30 | New sun |
2 | Nénimë | Nínui | 30 | Watery |
3 | Súlimë | Gwaeron | 30 | Windy / wind month[2] |
4 | Víressë | Gwirith | 30 | New / young / budding? |
5 | Lótessë | Lothron | 30 | Flower month |
6 | Nárië | Nórui | 31 | Sunny |
Loëndë/Enderi | 1/2 | Year-middle (Middle days) | ||
7 | Cermië | Cerveth | 31 | Cutting? |
8 | Úrimë | Urui | 30 | Hot[3] |
9 | Yavannië | Ivanneth | 30 | Fruit giving |
10 | Narquelië | Narbeleth | 30 | Sun-fading |
11 | Hísimë | Hithui | 30 | Misty[4] |
12 | Ringarë | Girithron | 30 | Cold / shivering month |
Mettarë | 1 | Last day |
In leap years, loëndë was replaced with two enderi; this occurred in years divisible by 4 but not by 100 (haranyë), resulting in a 366-day year, similar to modern Gregorian calendar leap years. In addition, in years divisible by 1000 loëndë was replaced by three enderi[source?], resulting in a 367-day year. These leap year rules held throughout the Second Age and continued based on the restarted numbering of Third Age years, and the 2-day "millennial additions" continued through T.A. 2000. This calendar was replaced by the Stewards' Reckoning in T.A. 2060.[1]
According to Jim Allan in An Introduction to Elvish, each of the elvish month names has a correspondence to the months of the French Republican Calendar; for example, Nénimë/Pluviôse mean "Rainy", Súlìmë/Ventôse mean "Windy". Jim Allan suggests that Tolkien used this similarity because the French Republican Calendar was based on earlier unrecorded Germanic month names.[5]
Days of the week
When the Kings' Reckoning was first implemented the Númenóreans used the elven week of six days. At unspecified points of the Second Age two changes were made, the first being to rename the fourth day Aldúya to Aldëa (Orgaladh in Sindarin) in order to change the dedication to the White Tree, and the second being to insert an extra day, Eärenya (Oraearon), after the fifth day Menelya.[1] Thus, the eventual Númenórean week was as follows:
Quenya | Sindarin | Dedication |
---|---|---|
Elenya | Orgilion | Stars |
Anarya | Oranor | Sun |
Isilya | Orithil | Moon |
Aldëa | Orgaladh | White Tree |
Menelya | Ormenel | Heavens |
Eärenya | Oraearon | Sea |
Valanya | Orbelain | Valar |
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 J.R.R. Tolkien, The Lord of the Rings, Appendix D, "The Calendars"
- ↑ J.R.R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien (ed.), The Silmarillion, Appendix, s.v. sul
- ↑ J.R.R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien (ed.), The Silmarillion, Appendix, s.v. ur
- ↑ J.R.R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien (ed.), The Silmarillion, Appendix, s.v. hith
- ↑ Jim Allan (1978), An Introduction to Elvish, p. 151