https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Letter_214&feed=atom&action=historyLetter 214 - Revision history2024-03-19T05:54:04ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.39.3https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Letter_214&diff=384525&oldid=prevSage: /* Summary */2024-01-08T18:05:24Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Summary</span></span></p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| subject=Hobbit birthday, marriage, and inheritance customs</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| subject=Hobbit birthday, marriage, and inheritance customs</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>}}{{letter|214}}</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>}}{{letter|214}}</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">==Background==</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Reader A.C. Nunn pointed out an apparent contradiction in ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'': In "[[A Long-expected Party]]" it is stated that [[Hobbits]] ''gave'' presents to others on their birthdays, but in "[[The Shadow of the Past]]" [[Gollum]] said the [[the One Ring|One Ring]] was his "birthday present" and his account of how he got it indicated that his people ''received'' presents on their birthdays. Nunn asked if (1) [[Sméagol]]’s people were not [[Hobbits]], or (2) if the present-giving custom had changed, or (3) if the customs of [[Stoors]] differed from other Hobbits, or (4) if the text was in error. Nunn called Tolkien a "model of scholarship" and asked if he could research the matter. </ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Summary==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Summary==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Reader A.C. Nunn pointed out an apparent contradiction in ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'': In "[[A Long-expected Party]]" it is stated that [[Hobbits]] ''gave'' presents to others on their birthdays, but in "[[The Shadow of the Past]]" [[Gollum]] said the [[the One Ring|One Ring]] was his "birthday present" and his account of how he got it indicated that his people ''received'' presents on their birthdays. Nunn asked if (1) [[Sméagol]]’s people were not [[Hobbits]], or (2) if the present-giving custom had changed, or (3) if the customs of [[Stoors]] differed from other Hobbits, or (4) if the text was in error. Nunn called Tolkien a "model of scholarship" and asked if he could research the matter. </del>Tolkien drafted a reply to A.C. Nunn's letter that was never sent. In the draft he went into many details of Hobbit customs and other lore not found elsewhere.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Tolkien drafted a reply to A.C. Nunn's letter that was never sent. In the draft he went into many details of Hobbit customs and other lore not found elsewhere.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Tolkien claimed that he was no model of scholarship but only a "recorder" when it came to matters of the [[Third Age]]. The faults in his records are not due to errors but omissions and incompleteness of information, due to the necessity of compression for the narrative of the story, which meant that alternatives (1) and (4) above could be dismissed. Although [[Gandalf]] said "I guess" when he stated that Sméagol’s people were of Hobbit-kind in more modern language he would have said "I deduce".</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Tolkien claimed that he was no model of scholarship but only a "recorder" when it came to matters of the [[Third Age]]. The faults in his records are not due to errors but omissions and incompleteness of information, due to the necessity of compression for the narrative of the story, which meant that alternatives (1) and (4) above could be dismissed. Although [[Gandalf]] said "I guess" when he stated that Sméagol’s people were of Hobbit-kind in more modern language he would have said "I deduce".</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Tolkien appended a note stating that he had started this letter nearly four months before. His wife smashed her left arm in their garden and so 1958 was a frustrating year, which had left him no time to deal with the ''[[Silmarillion]]''. At this point his draft ended.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Tolkien appended a note stating that he had started this letter nearly four months before. His wife smashed her left arm in their garden and so 1958 was a frustrating year, which had left him no time to deal with the ''[[Silmarillion]]''. At this point his draft ended.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==External links==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==External links==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[http://www.tolkienlibrary.com/press/1176-beyond-birthdays-letter-214.php Beyond Birthdays: An exploration and analysis of Letter 214] by Ted Fruchtman</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*[http://www.tolkienlibrary.com/press/1176-beyond-birthdays-letter-214.php Beyond Birthdays: An exploration and analysis of Letter 214] by Ted Fruchtman</div></td></tr>
</table>Sagehttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Letter_214&diff=371974&oldid=prevDerUnterstrich at 13:47, 15 April 20232023-04-15T13:47:01Z<p></p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 13:47, 15 April 2023</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[fi:Kirje 214]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[fi:Kirje 214]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[de:Brief 214]]</ins></div></td></tr>
</table>DerUnterstrichhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Letter_214&diff=256085&oldid=prevMorgan: Added external link2014-09-30T15:14:40Z<p>Added external link</p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 15:14, 30 September 2014</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Tolkien appended a note stating that he had started this letter nearly four months before. His wife smashed her left arm in their garden and so 1958 was a frustrating year, which had left him no time to deal with the ''[[Silmarillion]]''. At this point his draft ended.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Tolkien appended a note stating that he had started this letter nearly four months before. His wife smashed her left arm in their garden and so 1958 was a frustrating year, which had left him no time to deal with the ''[[Silmarillion]]''. At this point his draft ended.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">==External links==</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">*[http://www.tolkienlibrary.com/press/1176-beyond-birthdays-letter-214.php Beyond Birthdays: An exploration and analysis of Letter 214] by Ted Fruchtman</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{letters}}</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{letters}}</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[fi:Kirje 214]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[fi:Kirje 214]]</div></td></tr>
</table>Morganhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Letter_214&diff=234205&oldid=prevMithbot: Bot: Re-linking Rhovanion2013-10-04T18:25:14Z<p>Bot: Re-linking Rhovanion</p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 18:25, 4 October 2013</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Tolkien claimed that he was no model of scholarship but only a "recorder" when it came to matters of the [[Third Age]]. The faults in his records are not due to errors but omissions and incompleteness of information, due to the necessity of compression for the narrative of the story, which meant that alternatives (1) and (4) above could be dismissed. Although [[Gandalf]] said "I guess" when he stated that Sméagol’s people were of Hobbit-kind in more modern language he would have said "I deduce".</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Tolkien claimed that he was no model of scholarship but only a "recorder" when it came to matters of the [[Third Age]]. The faults in his records are not due to errors but omissions and incompleteness of information, due to the necessity of compression for the narrative of the story, which meant that alternatives (1) and (4) above could be dismissed. Although [[Gandalf]] said "I guess" when he stated that Sméagol’s people were of Hobbit-kind in more modern language he would have said "I deduce".</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Alternative (2) was possible, but since the records described Hobbits rather than "Hobbits of the Shire" in particular, the custom of giving presents was in some form common to all varieties, including Stoors. Alternative (3) was naturally true, but even a deep-rooted custom could be different in the differing branches. When some Stoors migrated back to [[Wilderland]] in {{TA|1356}} they lost contact with the other Hobbits. Over 1,100 years elapsed before the [[Déagol]]-Sméagol incident and at the time of [[Bilbo Baggins|Bilbo]]'s party in {{TA|3001}} it had been nearly 1,650 years since the separation. Hobbits were slow to change but the remigrant Stoors went back to a wilder and more primitive life while the [[the Shire|Shire]]-folk developed a more settled and elaborate social life. Tolkien said that the customs of the riverside Stoors must remain conjectural but that he could lay out the facts concerning the Shire in some detail.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Alternative (2) was possible, but since the records described Hobbits rather than "Hobbits of the Shire" in particular, the custom of giving presents was in some form common to all varieties, including Stoors. Alternative (3) was naturally true, but even a deep-rooted custom could be different in the differing branches. When some Stoors migrated back to <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"> </ins>[[<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Rhovanion|</ins>Wilderland]] in {{TA|1356}} they lost contact with the other Hobbits. Over 1,100 years elapsed before the [[Déagol]]-Sméagol incident and at the time of [[Bilbo Baggins|Bilbo]]'s party in {{TA|3001}} it had been nearly 1,650 years since the separation. Hobbits were slow to change but the remigrant Stoors went back to a wilder and more primitive life while the [[the Shire|Shire]]-folk developed a more settled and elaborate social life. Tolkien said that the customs of the riverside Stoors must remain conjectural but that he could lay out the facts concerning the Shire in some detail.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>"Birthdays" had considerable social importance. A birthday celebrant was called a ''[[ribadyan]]'' (which, according to [[Appendix F]] would be rendered a ''byrding''). Birthday customs were regulated by fairly strict etiquette, in many cases reduced to formalities. On birthdays the ''byrding'' gave and received presents. In "A Long-expected Party" the narrator omitted the reception of gifts by Bilbo since it did not concern the Party, but it was the older custom and thus most formalized. When the narrator had Gandalf talking to a hobbit about Sméagol and Déagol he would not comment on the custom.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>"Birthdays" had considerable social importance. A birthday celebrant was called a ''[[ribadyan]]'' (which, according to [[Appendix F]] would be rendered a ''byrding''). Birthday customs were regulated by fairly strict etiquette, in many cases reduced to formalities. On birthdays the ''byrding'' gave and received presents. In "A Long-expected Party" the narrator omitted the reception of gifts by Bilbo since it did not concern the Party, but it was the older custom and thus most formalized. When the narrator had Gandalf talking to a hobbit about Sméagol and Déagol he would not comment on the custom.</div></td></tr>
</table>Mithbothttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Letter_214&diff=226497&oldid=prevGamling: Added link2013-02-10T06:13:02Z<p>Added link</p>
<table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface">
<col class="diff-marker" />
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<tr class="diff-title" lang="en">
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 06:13, 10 February 2013</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l12">Line 12:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 12:</td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Alternative (2) was possible, but since the records described Hobbits rather than "Hobbits of the Shire" in particular, the custom of giving presents was in some form common to all varieties, including Stoors. Alternative (3) was naturally true, but even a deep-rooted custom could be different in the differing branches. When some Stoors migrated back to [[Wilderland]] in {{TA|1356}} they lost contact with the other Hobbits. Over 1,100 years elapsed before the [[Déagol]]-Sméagol incident and at the time of [[Bilbo Baggins|Bilbo]]'s party in {{TA|3001}} it had been nearly 1,650 years since the separation. Hobbits were slow to change but the remigrant Stoors went back to a wilder and more primitive life while the [[the Shire|Shire]]-folk developed a more settled and elaborate social life. Tolkien said that the customs of the riverside Stoors must remain conjectural but that he could lay out the facts concerning the Shire in some detail.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Alternative (2) was possible, but since the records described Hobbits rather than "Hobbits of the Shire" in particular, the custom of giving presents was in some form common to all varieties, including Stoors. Alternative (3) was naturally true, but even a deep-rooted custom could be different in the differing branches. When some Stoors migrated back to [[Wilderland]] in {{TA|1356}} they lost contact with the other Hobbits. Over 1,100 years elapsed before the [[Déagol]]-Sméagol incident and at the time of [[Bilbo Baggins|Bilbo]]'s party in {{TA|3001}} it had been nearly 1,650 years since the separation. Hobbits were slow to change but the remigrant Stoors went back to a wilder and more primitive life while the [[the Shire|Shire]]-folk developed a more settled and elaborate social life. Tolkien said that the customs of the riverside Stoors must remain conjectural but that he could lay out the facts concerning the Shire in some detail.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>"Birthdays" had considerable social importance. A birthday celebrant was called a ''ribadyan'' (which, according to [[Appendix F]] would be rendered a ''byrding''). Birthday customs were regulated by fairly strict etiquette, in many cases reduced to formalities. On birthdays the ''byrding'' gave and received presents. In "A Long-expected Party" the narrator omitted the reception of gifts by Bilbo since it did not concern the Party, but it was the older custom and thus most formalized. When the narrator had Gandalf talking to a hobbit about Sméagol and Déagol he would not comment on the custom.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>"Birthdays" had considerable social importance. A birthday celebrant was called a ''<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[</ins>ribadyan<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]]</ins>'' (which, according to [[Appendix F]] would be rendered a ''byrding''). Birthday customs were regulated by fairly strict etiquette, in many cases reduced to formalities. On birthdays the ''byrding'' gave and received presents. In "A Long-expected Party" the narrator omitted the reception of gifts by Bilbo since it did not concern the Party, but it was the older custom and thus most formalized. When the narrator had Gandalf talking to a hobbit about Sméagol and Déagol he would not comment on the custom.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The receiving of gifts was an ancient ritual connected with kinship, originally a means of recognizing a ''byrding’s'' membership in a family (anciently a short time after birth when the child’s name was announced). Parents gave no presents to children (except for rare cases of adoption) but the head of the family was supposed to give something, even if only a token. The giving of gifts was a personal matter not limited to kinship, and a form of “thanksgiving” for services, benefits, and friendships.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The receiving of gifts was an ancient ritual connected with kinship, originally a means of recognizing a ''byrding’s'' membership in a family (anciently a short time after birth when the child’s name was announced). Parents gave no presents to children (except for rare cases of adoption) but the head of the family was supposed to give something, even if only a token. The giving of gifts was a personal matter not limited to kinship, and a form of “thanksgiving” for services, benefits, and friendships.</div></td></tr>
</table>Gamlinghttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Letter_214&diff=213440&oldid=prevTik: iw fi2012-10-16T10:20:16Z<p>iw fi</p>
<table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface">
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 10:20, 16 October 2012</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l36">Line 36:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 36:</td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Tolkien appended a note stating that he had started this letter nearly four months before. His wife smashed her left arm in their garden and so 1958 was a frustrating year, which had left him no time to deal with the ''[[Silmarillion]]''. At this point his draft ended.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Tolkien appended a note stating that he had started this letter nearly four months before. His wife smashed her left arm in their garden and so 1958 was a frustrating year, which had left him no time to deal with the ''[[Silmarillion]]''. At this point his draft ended.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{letters}}</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{letters}}</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[fi:Kirje 214]]</ins></div></td></tr>
</table>Tikhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Letter_214&diff=148964&oldid=prevGamling at 04:05, 4 April 20112011-04-04T04:05:18Z<p></p>
<table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface">
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 04:05, 4 April 2011</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l3">Line 3:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 3:</td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| to=A.C. Nunn (draft)</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| to=A.C. Nunn (draft)</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| date=Undated, probably late [[1958]] or early [[1959]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| date=Undated, probably late [[1958]] or early [[1959]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| subject=</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| subject=<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Hobbit birthday, marriage, and inheritance customs</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>}}{{letter|214}}</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>}}{{letter|214}}</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Summary==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Summary==</div></td></tr>
</table>Gamlinghttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Letter_214&diff=148460&oldid=prevEderchil: fixing red link2011-03-29T06:29:34Z<p>fixing red link</p>
<table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface">
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<col class="diff-content" />
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 06:29, 29 March 2011</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l26">Line 26:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 26:</td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Gandalf represented Sméagol’s grandmother as a family ruler of high repute, even calling her a "matriarch", which called for comment. Hobbits were universally monogamous and "[[Wikipedia:Patrilineality|patrilinear]]" (family names descended in the male-line) and normally the titular family head was the eldest male. In the large powerful families (such as the [[Took Family|Tooks]]) the head of what we would call a clan was the eldest male of the most direct line of descent. But family "government" was not a monarchy, it was a "[[Wikipedia:Diarchy|diarchy]]" in which master and mistress held equal if separate status. If the master died first his titular headship of the clan was taken by his wife and did not descend to the son while she lived. Under the right circumstances a long-lived woman of forceful character could be the "head of the family" until she had full-grown grandchildren. [[Laura Grubb|Laura Baggins]] was head of the [[Baggins]] of Hobbiton until age 102, holding the title for 16 years before her son [[Bungo Baggins|Bungo]] succeeded her. Bilbo only became the Baggins’ head when his mother [[Belladonna Baggins|Belladona]] died in {{SR|1334}}.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Gandalf represented Sméagol’s grandmother as a family ruler of high repute, even calling her a "matriarch", which called for comment. Hobbits were universally monogamous and "[[Wikipedia:Patrilineality|patrilinear]]" (family names descended in the male-line) and normally the titular family head was the eldest male. In the large powerful families (such as the [[Took Family|Tooks]]) the head of what we would call a clan was the eldest male of the most direct line of descent. But family "government" was not a monarchy, it was a "[[Wikipedia:Diarchy|diarchy]]" in which master and mistress held equal if separate status. If the master died first his titular headship of the clan was taken by his wife and did not descend to the son while she lived. Under the right circumstances a long-lived woman of forceful character could be the "head of the family" until she had full-grown grandchildren. [[Laura Grubb|Laura Baggins]] was head of the [[Baggins]] of Hobbiton until age 102, holding the title for 16 years before her son [[Bungo Baggins|Bungo]] succeeded her. Bilbo only became the Baggins’ head when his mother [[Belladonna Baggins|Belladona]] died in {{SR|1334}}.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Due to strange events the Baggins headship was in doubt. [[Otho Sackville-Baggins]] was heir to the title, but after Bilbo returned alive in {{SR|1342}} after being presumed dead no one would presume him dead again. When [[Samwise Gamgee|Master Samwise]] reported that Bilbo and [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]] went over the sea in {{SR|1421}} it was still impossible to presume death; in {{SR|1427}} newly elected [[Mayor of Michel Delving|Mayor]] Samwise established a rule of succession and inheritance in such situations. Presumably [[Ponto II]] then became the head of the Baggins.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Due to strange events the Baggins headship was in doubt. [[Otho Sackville-Baggins]] was heir to the title, but after Bilbo returned alive in {{SR|1342}} after being presumed dead no one would presume him dead again. When [[Samwise Gamgee|Master Samwise]] reported that Bilbo and [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]] went over the sea in {{SR|1421}} it was still impossible to presume death; in {{SR|1427}} newly elected [[Mayor of Michel Delving|Mayor]] Samwise established a rule of succession and inheritance in such situations. Presumably [[<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Ponto Baggins II|</ins>Ponto II]] then became the head of the Baggins.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Tolkien supplied an example of a Hobbit matriarch: [[Lalia Clayhanger|Lalia the Great]], wife of [[Fortinbras Took II|Fortinbras II]], who served as head of the [[Took Family]]. He died in {{SR|1380}} while she outlived him by 22 years (she missed Bilbo’s Party not because of age but because of her size and immobility). Her son [[Ferumbras Took III|Ferumbras III]] had no wife because no Hobbit lady wished to live with Lalia in the [[Great Smials]]. She died in {{SR|1402}} when her clumsy attendant tipped her over the threshold and down the steps to the garden. The attendant was rumored to be [[Pearl Took]], the sister of [[Peregrin Took|Pippin]].</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Tolkien supplied an example of a Hobbit matriarch: [[Lalia Clayhanger|Lalia the Great]], wife of [[Fortinbras Took II|Fortinbras II]], who served as head of the [[Took Family]]. He died in {{SR|1380}} while she outlived him by 22 years (she missed Bilbo’s Party not because of age but because of her size and immobility). Her son [[Ferumbras Took III|Ferumbras III]] had no wife because no Hobbit lady wished to live with Lalia in the [[Great Smials]]. She died in {{SR|1402}} when her clumsy attendant tipped her over the threshold and down the steps to the garden. The attendant was rumored to be [[Pearl Took]], the sister of [[Peregrin Took|Pippin]].</div></td></tr>
</table>Ederchilhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Letter_214&diff=148455&oldid=prevHyarion at 03:56, 29 March 20112011-03-29T03:56:01Z<p></p>
<table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface">
<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
<tr class="diff-title" lang="en">
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 03:56, 29 March 2011</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l26">Line 26:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 26:</td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Gandalf represented Sméagol’s grandmother as a family ruler of high repute, even calling her a "matriarch", which called for comment. Hobbits were universally monogamous and "[[Wikipedia:Patrilineality|patrilinear]]" (family names descended in the male-line) and normally the titular family head was the eldest male. In the large powerful families (such as the [[Took Family|Tooks]]) the head of what we would call a clan was the eldest male of the most direct line of descent. But family "government" was not a monarchy, it was a "[[Wikipedia:Diarchy|diarchy]]" in which master and mistress held equal if separate status. If the master died first his titular headship of the clan was taken by his wife and did not descend to the son while she lived. Under the right circumstances a long-lived woman of forceful character could be the "head of the family" until she had full-grown grandchildren. [[Laura Grubb|Laura Baggins]] was head of the [[Baggins]] of Hobbiton until age 102, holding the title for 16 years before her son [[Bungo Baggins|Bungo]] succeeded her. Bilbo only became the Baggins’ head when his mother [[Belladonna Baggins|Belladona]] died in {{SR|1334}}.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Gandalf represented Sméagol’s grandmother as a family ruler of high repute, even calling her a "matriarch", which called for comment. Hobbits were universally monogamous and "[[Wikipedia:Patrilineality|patrilinear]]" (family names descended in the male-line) and normally the titular family head was the eldest male. In the large powerful families (such as the [[Took Family|Tooks]]) the head of what we would call a clan was the eldest male of the most direct line of descent. But family "government" was not a monarchy, it was a "[[Wikipedia:Diarchy|diarchy]]" in which master and mistress held equal if separate status. If the master died first his titular headship of the clan was taken by his wife and did not descend to the son while she lived. Under the right circumstances a long-lived woman of forceful character could be the "head of the family" until she had full-grown grandchildren. [[Laura Grubb|Laura Baggins]] was head of the [[Baggins]] of Hobbiton until age 102, holding the title for 16 years before her son [[Bungo Baggins|Bungo]] succeeded her. Bilbo only became the Baggins’ head when his mother [[Belladonna Baggins|Belladona]] died in {{SR|1334}}.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Due to strange events the Baggins headship was in doubt. [[Otho Sackville-Baggins]] was heir to the title, but after Bilbo returned alive in {{SR|1342}} after being presumed dead no one would presume him dead again. When [[Samwise Gamgee|Master Samwise]] reported that Bilbo and [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]] went over the sea in {{SR|1421}} it was still impossible to presume death; in {{SR|1427}} newly elected [[Mayor of Michel Delving|Mayor]] Samwise established a rule of succession and inheritance in such situations. Presumably [[Ponto II] then became the head of the Baggins.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Due to strange events the Baggins headship was in doubt. [[Otho Sackville-Baggins]] was heir to the title, but after Bilbo returned alive in {{SR|1342}} after being presumed dead no one would presume him dead again. When [[Samwise Gamgee|Master Samwise]] reported that Bilbo and [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]] went over the sea in {{SR|1421}} it was still impossible to presume death; in {{SR|1427}} newly elected [[Mayor of Michel Delving|Mayor]] Samwise established a rule of succession and inheritance in such situations. Presumably [[Ponto II<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]</ins>] then became the head of the Baggins.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Tolkien supplied an example of a Hobbit matriarch: [[Lalia Clayhanger|Lalia the Great]], wife of [[Fortinbras Took II|Fortinbras II]], who served as head of the [[Took Family]]. He died in {{SR|1380}} while she outlived him by 22 years (she missed Bilbo’s Party not because of age but because of her size and immobility). Her son [[Ferumbras Took III|Ferumbras III]] had no wife because no Hobbit lady wished to live with Lalia in the [[Great Smials]]. She died in {{SR|1402}} when her clumsy attendant tipped her over the threshold and down the steps to the garden. The attendant was rumored to be [[Pearl Took]], the sister of [[Peregrin Took|Pippin]].</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Tolkien supplied an example of a Hobbit matriarch: [[Lalia Clayhanger|Lalia the Great]], wife of [[Fortinbras Took II|Fortinbras II]], who served as head of the [[Took Family]]. He died in {{SR|1380}} while she outlived him by 22 years (she missed Bilbo’s Party not because of age but because of her size and immobility). Her son [[Ferumbras Took III|Ferumbras III]] had no wife because no Hobbit lady wished to live with Lalia in the [[Great Smials]]. She died in {{SR|1402}} when her clumsy attendant tipped her over the threshold and down the steps to the garden. The attendant was rumored to be [[Pearl Took]], the sister of [[Peregrin Took|Pippin]].</div></td></tr>
</table>Hyarionhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Letter_214&diff=148454&oldid=prevHyarion at 03:54, 29 March 20112011-03-29T03:54:39Z<p></p>
<table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface">
<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
<tr class="diff-title" lang="en">
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 03:54, 29 March 2011</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l30">Line 30:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 30:</td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Tolkien supplied an example of a Hobbit matriarch: [[Lalia Clayhanger|Lalia the Great]], wife of [[Fortinbras Took II|Fortinbras II]], who served as head of the [[Took Family]]. He died in {{SR|1380}} while she outlived him by 22 years (she missed Bilbo’s Party not because of age but because of her size and immobility). Her son [[Ferumbras Took III|Ferumbras III]] had no wife because no Hobbit lady wished to live with Lalia in the [[Great Smials]]. She died in {{SR|1402}} when her clumsy attendant tipped her over the threshold and down the steps to the garden. The attendant was rumored to be [[Pearl Took]], the sister of [[Peregrin Took|Pippin]].</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Tolkien supplied an example of a Hobbit matriarch: [[Lalia Clayhanger|Lalia the Great]], wife of [[Fortinbras Took II|Fortinbras II]], who served as head of the [[Took Family]]. He died in {{SR|1380}} while she outlived him by 22 years (she missed Bilbo’s Party not because of age but because of her size and immobility). Her son [[Ferumbras Took III|Ferumbras III]] had no wife because no Hobbit lady wished to live with Lalia in the [[Great Smials]]. She died in {{SR|1402}} when her clumsy attendant tipped her over the threshold and down the steps to the garden. The attendant was rumored to be [[Pearl Took]], the sister of [[Peregrin Took|Pippin]].</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The office of the [[Thain]], being of military origin, descended strictly through the male line. In other great families the headship might pass through the daughter of the deceased to the head’s eldest grandson. In such cases the heir took the name of his mother’s family while retaining the father’s family name in second place; this was the case with [[Otho Sackville-Baggins]], who obtained headship of the Sackvilles through his mother [[<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Carmellia </del>Sackville|<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Carmellia</del>]]. His ambition to achieve the rare distinction of being the head of two families was rather absurd but explained his exasperation with Bilbo and his adoption of Frodo.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The office of the [[Thain]], being of military origin, descended strictly through the male line. In other great families the headship might pass through the daughter of the deceased to the head’s eldest grandson. In such cases the heir took the name of his mother’s family while retaining the father’s family name in second place; this was the case with [[Otho Sackville-Baggins]], who obtained headship of the Sackvilles through his mother [[<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Camellia </ins>Sackville|<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Camellia</ins>]]. His ambition to achieve the rare distinction of being the head of two families was rather absurd but explained his exasperation with Bilbo and his adoption of Frodo.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>There was no reason to suppose that the Stoors of Wilderland were strictly matriarchal and there was no trace of such in the [[Eastfarthing]] or [[Buckland]]. Gandalf’s use of "matriarch" was not "anthropological" but only meant a dominant female who had outlived her husband. It was likely that in the recessive and decadent Stoors of Wilderland that the women-folk tended to preserve better the past and so were of special importance. This did not mean though that any fundamental change had occurred in their marriage-customs. Monogamy was universal in the West – other systems were regarded as repugnant and only done "under the Shadow".</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>There was no reason to suppose that the Stoors of Wilderland were strictly matriarchal and there was no trace of such in the [[Eastfarthing]] or [[Buckland]]. Gandalf’s use of "matriarch" was not "anthropological" but only meant a dominant female who had outlived her husband. It was likely that in the recessive and decadent Stoors of Wilderland that the women-folk tended to preserve better the past and so were of special importance. This did not mean though that any fundamental change had occurred in their marriage-customs. Monogamy was universal in the West – other systems were regarded as repugnant and only done "under the Shadow".</div></td></tr>
</table>Hyarion