https://tolkiengateway.net/w/api.php?action=feedcontributions&user=108.63.142.187&feedformat=atomTolkien Gateway - User contributions [en]2024-03-29T07:25:42ZUser contributionsMediaWiki 1.39.3https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Black_N%C3%BAmen%C3%B3reans&diff=299477Black Númenóreans2018-05-22T23:41:09Z<p>108.63.142.187: added info</p>
<hr />
<div>{{people infobox<br />
| name=Black Númenóreans<br />
| image=[[File:Brian Durfee - Black Númenóreans.jpg|250px]]<br />
| caption="[[:File:Brian Durfee - Black Númenóreans.jpg|Black Númenóreans]]" by Brian Durfee<br />
| pronun=<br />
| othernames=<br />
| origin=[[Númenóreans]]<br />
| location=[[Umbar]], other southern lands<br />
| affiliation=[[Sauron]]<br />
| rivalry=[[Gondorians]]<br />
| language=[[Adûnaic]], [[Westron]]<br />
| members=[[Herumor]], [[Fuinur]], [[Berúthiel]], [[The Mouth of Sauron]]<br />
| lifespan=c. 300-350 years<br />
| distinctions=<br />
| height=Tall<br />
| hair=<br />
| skin=<br />
| clothing=<br />
| weapons=<br />
}}<br />
The '''Black Númenóreans''' were [[Númenóreans|High Men]] from [[Númenor]]. They were under the [[Shadow]] like the [[King's Men]], cruel oppressors and overlords over the more primitive [[Middle Men]] of [[Middle-earth]]. As they were colonising the continent, they survived the [[Downfall of Númenor]].<br />
==History==<br />
The Númenóreans' power and knowledge had grown throughout the course of the [[Second Age]], and became increasingly preoccupied with the limits placed on their happiness—and eventually their power—by mortality, the purpose of which they began to question. They started fearing the [[Gift of Men]] and attempted to delay it or recall life.<br />
<br />
This growing wish to escape death, made most of the Númenoreans envious of the immortal [[Eldar]], who they had come to physically resemble. The Eldar sought ever to remind the men of Númenor however, that death was a gift of the One God, [[Ilúvatar]], to all men, and the will of Ilúvatar could not be gainsaid. <br />
<br />
Nevertheless, after {{SA|2221}}, when [[Tar-Ancalimon]] became [[King of Númenor]], the Númenóreans became divided. The [[King's Men]] who turned away from the [[Valar]] and the Eldar, and eventually became vulnerable to the corruption of [[Sauron]], who dominated the minds and wills of most of the Númenóreans with the [[One Ring]].<ref>{{L|211}}</ref> The powerful and elderly King [[Ar-Pharazôn]], had become frightened of old age,<ref>{{L|156}}</ref> and was persuaded by Sauron that Ilúvatar was a lie invented by the Valar, and seduced. <br />
<br />
Some indigenous people of Middle-earth were afraid of those Númenóreans, whom they called "[[Go-hilleg]]" in their language. The "Go-hilleg" terrified those people with their ships and intended at some point to conquer the land of [[Agar]] and slay its people.<ref>{{PM|Elmar}}</ref><br />
<br />
Three of the [[Nazgûl|Ringwraiths]] can be considered among the first and most powerful Númenóreans who were corrupted by Sauron,<ref>{{S|Akallabeth}}</ref> 1000 years before the Downfall: they served Sauron, being enslaved to his will, having become so because of their lust for power or knowledge.<br />
<br />
Even the colonists who had settled on the shores and seaward regions of the [[Westlands]], turned to evil, the [[Darkness]] and the black arts. These evil lords made their fortresses and dwellings in the [[South]], because of the power of [[Gil-galad]].<ref name=rings>{{S|Rings}}</ref> <ref name=window>{{TT|Window}}</ref><br />
===After the Downfall===<br />
For many centuries after the Downfall, these descendants of the King's Men held onto the haven of [[Umbar]], the most northerly and famous of their realms.<br />
<br />
When the surviving [[Faithful]] Numenoreans founded [[Gondor]] and [[Arnor]], they saw their southern counterparts as renegades, calling them the Black Númenóreans.<ref>{{RK|Gate}}</ref> The Black Númenóreans held a similar hatred of Gondor after generations.<ref>{{App|Gondor}}</ref><br />
<br />
Two early Black Númenórean lords from the late [[Second Age]] were [[Herumor]] and [[Fuinur]] who desired power over men of other, lesser races, and they "rose to (great) power amongst the [[Haradrim]]", the peoples neighbouring Umbar. They likely shared Sauron's defeat at the hands of the [[Last Alliance of Elves and Men]]. <br />
<br />
The triumph of the Last Alliance marked the decline of the Black Númenórean race and the end of their racial superiority. They dwindled swiftly or became merged with the Middle Men.<ref>{{App|A}}</ref><br />
<br />
[[Berúthiel|Queen Berúthiel]], wife of Gondor's King [[Tarannon Falastur]] was "a black Númenórean".<ref name=Interview>{{webcite|author=[[Daphne Castell]]|articleurl=http://www.festivalintheshire.com/journal1bdx/inttolkien.html|articlename=The Realms of Tolkien|dated=|website=[http://www.festivalintheshire.com/journal1bdx/index.html ''Festival in the Shire Journal'', Issue 1]|accessed=7 May 2012}}</ref><ref>[[Humphrey Carpenter]], ''[[The Inklings (book)|The Inklings]]'', "Thursday evenings", pp. 137-8</ref> This was a loveless union, and was presumably a political accommodation: that such arrangements were possible implies the existence at that time of more Gondor-friendly Black Númenóreans than the much later Mouth of Sauron. <br />
<br />
A Black Númenórean elite survived at least in Umbar for over a thousand years after Númenor's fall, maintaining much influence in [[Haradwaith]]. As late as Third Age 1015, for example, even after being exiled from their homeland for nearly a century, the lords that had been driven from Umbar led the [[Haradrim]] to retake Umbar.<ref>{{App|A}}</ref><br />
<br />
Not much is known about the Black Númenóreans after their defeat by [[Ciryaher]] in {{TA|1050}}. A "Renegade", [[The Mouth of Sauron]], had entered the service of Sauron in [[Mordor]]. He mocked the army of [[Aragorn|King Elessar]] in front of the [[Morannon]].<br />
<br />
==Culture==<br />
The Black Númenórean style of governing was no doubt tyrannical, and may also have involved a tradition of duumviracy, at least in Umbar. After Herumor and Fuinur there were also [[Angamaite]] and [[Sangahyando]]. Some lords were idle and lazy, they used to fight amongst themselves, until they became conquered by the wild men.<ref name=window/><br />
<br />
The Black Númenóreans did not use [[Westron]], but probably retained their old tongue [[Adûnaic]], speaking a dialect of it. (In [[The Notion Club Papers]], part of ''[[Sauron Defeated]]'', Arundel Lowdham cited two descendants of classical Adûnaic. One of these must have been Westron, the other the tongue of the Black Númenóreans).<br />
<br />
==Portrayal in adaptations==<br />
[[File:Black Númenórean.jpg|thumb|A typical Black Númenórean within the city of [[Annuminas]] (''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'').]]<br />
'''2007: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''<br />
:The Black Númenóreans are portrayed in service of the different Lieutenants of the Enemy. The ''Angmarim'' inhabit the lands surrounding [[Carn Dum]] in [[Angmar]] and serve [[Mordirith]] and later [[Amarthiel]]. Much later, Umbarrim Númenóreans make appearance in [[Dol Guldur]] of [[Mirkwood]].<br />
<br />
'''2011: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]]'':'''<br />
:[[Agandaûr]], the game's main antagonist, is a Black Númenórean<ref>{{webcite|author=|articleurl=http://www.warinthenorth.com/index.php/the-game/enemies|articlename=Enemies|dated=|website=www.warinthenorth.com|accessed=15 February 2012}}</ref> as is the minor character [[Wulfrun]], lieutenant of [[Carn Dûm]].<br />
<br />
{{references}}<br />
[[Category:Black Númenóreans| ]]<br />
[[de:Schwarze Númenorer]]<br />
[[fi:Mustat númenorilaiset]]</div>108.63.142.187https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Ithilien&diff=299476Ithilien2018-05-22T23:34:28Z<p>108.63.142.187: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{cleanup}}<br />
{{kingdom<br />
| image=[[File:Mark Fisher - Ithilien.png|250px]]<br />
| name=Ithilien<br />
| pronun=<br />
| othernames=<br />
| location=Between [[Anduin]] and [[Ephel Dúath]]<br />
| capital=[[Minas Morgul|Minas Ithil]] (before {{TA|2002}})<br/>[[Emyn Arnen]] ([[Fourth Age]])<br />
| towns=<br />
| regions=[[North Ithilien|North]] and [[South Ithilien|South]]<br />
| population=[[Númenóreans]]<br>[[Dúnedain]]<br>[[Gondorians]]<br>[[Rangers of Ithilien]]<br>[[Elves of Mirkwood|Elves from Mirkwood]]<br />
| language=[[Westron]], [[Gondor Sindarin]], [[Sindarin]]<br />
| govern1=[[King of Gondor]]<br>King of the [[Reunited Kingdom]]<br />
| govern2=[[Stewards of Gondor]]<br />
| govern3=[[Prince of Ithilien]]<br>[[Lord of Emyn Arnen]]<br />
| currency=<br />
| holiday=<br />
| precededby=<br />
| event1=Founded<br />
| event1date={{SA|3320}}<br />
| event2=Deserted<br />
| event2date={{TA|2901}}<br />
| event3=Reclaimed<br />
| event3date={{TA|3019}}<br />
| event4=<br />
| event4date=<br />
| event5=<br />
| event5date=<br />
| followedby=<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Ithilien''' ([[Sindarin|S]], pron. {{IPA|[iˈθiljen]}}) was a region and fiefdom of [[Gondor]]. <br />
<br />
==History==<br />
Historians in [[Gondor]] believed that, in the [[First Age]], the [[Drúedain|Woses]] reached the region and were the first to cross the [[Anduin]] (probably near [[Cair Andros]]).<ref>{{UT|Druedain}}</ref><br />
<br />
Old records preserved in [[Gondor]] indicate that the name ''[[Arnen]]'' was once used for the larger part of the region during the [[Second Age]].<ref>{{VT|42a}}, p. 17</ref><br />
[[File:Matěj Čadil - Minas Ithil.jpg|thumb|left|Matěj Čadil - ''Minas Ithil'']]<br />
When [[Elendil]] and his sons founded the [[Realms in Exile]], Ithilien took its name after his son, [[Isildur]]. Of old its chief city was ''Minas Ithil'', the Tower of the Moon. It was briefly captured by [[Sauron]] in {{SA|3429}} but was restored. Ithilien was a fair and prosperous land during the [[Second Age]] and the first part of the [[Third Age]], when Gondor was strong and Mordor deserted. <br />
<br />
In {{TA|541}} [[Easterlings]] invaded northern Ithilien and King [[Rómendacil I]] was killed .<ref name="TA"/><br />
[[File:Alan Lee - Cirith Ungol.jpg|left|thumb|"Cirith Ungol" by [[Alan Lee]]]]<br />
[[Amon Dîn]] was used as a fortified outpost of Minas Tirith keeping watch over the passage into North Ithilien from [[Dagorlad]] and any attempt by enemies to cross the [[Anduin]] near [[Cair Andros]].<ref name="Cirion">{{UT|Cirion}}</ref><ref>{{HM|RC}}, p. 510</ref> The [[Tower of Cirith Ungol]] was also defending Ithilien from attacks from Sauron's remaining servants and stopped them from returning to Mordor, guarding the high pass over the [[Ephel Dúath]]. Gondor occupied the fortress until {{TA|1636}} when the [[Great Plague]] killed large parts of the population. During the plague most of the people of [[Osgiliath]] fled the city for the western dales or the woods of Ithilien.<br />
<br />
After the disastrous [[Battle of the Plains]] in {{TA|1856}}, Ithilien was the only land east of the river Anduin to be occupied as the others were abandoned.<br />
<br />
In {{TA|1899}}, Marhwini warned [[Calimehtar (King of Gondor)|King Calimehtar]] that the [[Wainriders]] were plotting to raid [[Calenardhon]] over the [[Undeeps]]. Calimehtar therefore provoked the Wainriders out of Ithilien, and his horsemen, joined by a large [[éored]] led by [[Marhwini]], drove the Wainriders back.<ref name="Cirion"/><br />
<br />
In {{TA|1944}}, [[Wainriders]] from [[Rhûn]] made an alliance with the [[Haradrim]], and a dual attack on Ithilien was launched. While the Wainriders assaulted Ithilien from the north, the armies of the Haradrim crossed the [[Poros]] and invaded [[South Ithilien]]. The Gondorian [[Captain of the Southern Army|Captain]] [[Earnil II|Eärnil]] leading Gondor's inferior [[Southern Army]], defeated the Haradrim, and then turned north, [[Battle of the Camp|took]] the Wainriders into surprise and pushed many of them into the swamplands of the [[Dead Marshes]]. <br />
<br />
When Minas Ithil was captured by Mordor in {{TA|2002}} it was renamed [[Minas Morgul]], the Tower of Black Sorcery. During the [[Watchful Peace]] the lords of Morgul had secretly bred the [[Uruk-hai]], and in {{TA|2475}} these creatures assailed and overran Ithilien, captured [[Osgiliath]] and destroyed the great stone-bridge.<br />
===Deserting===<br />
[[Boromir (Steward of Gondor)|Boromir]] defeated the host of Morgul and regained Ithilien. However, from that time on no people dwelt in that region, and for Gondor there was never full peace again until after the defeat of Sauron.<ref>{{App|Stewards}}</ref><br />
<br />
In {{TA|2885}}, Ithilien was invaded in great strength, King [[Folcwine]] of [[Rohan]] fulfilled the [[Oath of Eorl]] and sent many men to Gondor. With their aid Steward [[Túrin II]] won a victory at the crossings of [[Poros]], though the princes [[Fastred (son of Folcwine)|Fastred]] and [[Folcred]] were slain.<ref name=TA>{{App|TA}}</ref><br />
[[File:Ted Nasmith - Henneth Annûn.jpg|thumb|[[Ted Nasmith]] - ''Henneth Annun'']]<br />
The majority of the people of Ithilien fled across the [[Anduin]] to escape war ({{TA|2901}})<ref name=TA/>, but the [[Stewards of Gondor]] still kept scouts there, operating out of secret locations such as [[Henneth Annûn]]. Those who stayed fled to regions such as [[Lossarnach]] when [[Mount Doom]] erupted in {{TA|2954}}. [[Steward]] [[Ecthelion II]] constructed the [[Rammas Echor]] as part of the now necessary defenses of [[Gondor]].<ref>{{HM|RC}}, p. 546</ref><br />
[[File:Angus McBride - Ambush.jpg|thumb|left|[[Angus McBride]] - ''Ambush'']]<br />
The descendants of the people who had dwelt in Ithilien, formed the corps of the [[Rangers of Ithilien]].<br />
<br />
===War of the Ring and later===<br />
<br />
During the [[War of the Ring]], in early March {{TA|3019}}, [[Faramir]] the son of the Steward [[Denethor]], was leading the [[Rangers of Ithilien]] to ambush Haradrim who would pass through Ithilien. That same time, [[Gollum]] led [[Frodo Baggins]] and [[Samwise Gamgee]] through Ithilien on their way to [[Cirith Ungol]] and into Mordor, and Faramir allowed them to continue when he was satisfied they were not agents of [[Sauron]].<br />
[[File:Alan Lee - Oliphaunt.jpg|thumb|"Oliphaunt" by [[Alan Lee]]]]<br />
When the [[Host of the West]] marched on the [[Morannon]], [[Mablung (ranger of Ithilien)|Mablung]] and his troops discovered an ambush by Orcs and Easterlings that lay hid in Ithilien. The ambush was quickly turned.<ref>{{RK|V10}}</ref><br />
<br />
During the [[Fourth Age]], Ithilien was ruled by the [[Prince of Ithilien|Princes of Ithilien]], a line that started with Faramir and [[Éowyn]], who became known as the White Lady of Ithilien. Minas Morgul was not repopulated, and Faramir had his throne in [[Emyn Arnen]]. After the fall of Sauron, [[Legolas]] brought elves from [[Mirkwood|Greenwood]], and they dwelt in Ithilien, and once again it became the fairest country in all the westlands.<ref>{{App|Durin}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Geography==<br />
[[Image:Ted_Nasmith_-_First_Sight_of_Ithilien.jpg|left|thumb|[[Ted Nasmith]] - ''First Sight of Ithilien'']]<br />
Ithilien was the only part of Gondor on the eastern side of the [[Anduin]], wedged in between the river and the [[Ephel Dúath]]. The northern border must have been around the [[Dead Marshes]] and its southern border was the river [[Poros]]. The region was further divided into [[North Ithilien|North]] and [[South Ithilien]] (the division was made at or near the [[Cross-roads]]).<br />
<br />
[[Iris]]es, [[Anemones]], [[Eglantine]], [[lilies]], [[water-lilies]] and [[Asphodel]] grew in Ithilien<ref>{{TT|Herbs}}</ref>. [[Lebethron]]<ref>{{TT|Journey}}</ref> and [[Culumalda]] grew especially in the woods around the [[Field of Cormallen]].<ref name=RC>{{HM|RC}}, pp. 625-6 (citing from the [[Unfinished index]])</ref><ref name=SApp>{{S|Appendix}} (entry for ''mal-'')</ref><br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
{{Pronounce|Ithilien.mp3|Ardamir}}<br />
''Ithilien'' is a [[Sindarin]] name meaning "land of the moon".<ref>{{HM|UI}}, p. 233</ref> It has been suggested that the name consists of the elements ''[[Moon#Other names|Ithil]]'' ("moon") + the affix ''[[-nd|end]]''.<ref>[http://www.tolkiendil.com/langues/english/i-lam_arth/compound_sindarin_names Compound Sindarin Names in Middle-earth] at [http://www.tolkiendil.com Tolkiendil.com] (accessed 20 July 2011)</ref><br />
<br />
{{references}}<br />
{{FellowshipRoute}}<br />
[[Category:Regions]]<br />
[[Category:Gondor]]<br />
[[Category:Sindarin locations]]<br />
<br />
[[fr:encyclo/geographie/regions/gondor/ithilien]]</div>108.63.142.187https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Ithilien&diff=299475Ithilien2018-05-22T23:34:03Z<p>108.63.142.187: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{cleanup}}<br />
{{kingdom<br />
| image=[[File:Mark Fisher - Ithilien.png|250px]]<br />
| name=Ithilien<br />
| pronun=<br />
| othernames=<br />
| location=Between [[Anduin]] and [[Ephel Dúath]]<br />
| capital=[[Minas Morgul|Minas Ithil]] (before {{TA|2002}})<br/>[[Emyn Arnen]] ([[Fourth Age]])<br />
| towns=<br />
| regions=[[North Ithilien|North]] and [[South Ithilien|South]]<br />
| population=[[Númenóreans]]<br>[[Dúnedain]]<br>[[Gondorians]]<br>[[Rangers of Ithilien]]<br>[[Elves of Mirkwood|Elves from Mirkwood]]<br />
| language=[[Westron]], [[Gondor Sindarin]], [[Sindarin]]<br />
| govern1=[[King of Gondor]]<br>[[Reunited Kingdom]]<br />
| govern2=[[Stewards of Gondor]]<br />
| govern3=[[Prince of Ithilien]]<br>[[Lord of Emyn Arnen]]<br />
| currency=<br />
| holiday=<br />
| precededby=<br />
| event1=Founded<br />
| event1date={{SA|3320}}<br />
| event2=Deserted<br />
| event2date={{TA|2901}}<br />
| event3=Reclaimed<br />
| event3date={{TA|3019}}<br />
| event4=<br />
| event4date=<br />
| event5=<br />
| event5date=<br />
| followedby=<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Ithilien''' ([[Sindarin|S]], pron. {{IPA|[iˈθiljen]}}) was a region and fiefdom of [[Gondor]]. <br />
<br />
==History==<br />
Historians in [[Gondor]] believed that, in the [[First Age]], the [[Drúedain|Woses]] reached the region and were the first to cross the [[Anduin]] (probably near [[Cair Andros]]).<ref>{{UT|Druedain}}</ref><br />
<br />
Old records preserved in [[Gondor]] indicate that the name ''[[Arnen]]'' was once used for the larger part of the region during the [[Second Age]].<ref>{{VT|42a}}, p. 17</ref><br />
[[File:Matěj Čadil - Minas Ithil.jpg|thumb|left|Matěj Čadil - ''Minas Ithil'']]<br />
When [[Elendil]] and his sons founded the [[Realms in Exile]], Ithilien took its name after his son, [[Isildur]]. Of old its chief city was ''Minas Ithil'', the Tower of the Moon. It was briefly captured by [[Sauron]] in {{SA|3429}} but was restored. Ithilien was a fair and prosperous land during the [[Second Age]] and the first part of the [[Third Age]], when Gondor was strong and Mordor deserted. <br />
<br />
In {{TA|541}} [[Easterlings]] invaded northern Ithilien and King [[Rómendacil I]] was killed .<ref name="TA"/><br />
[[File:Alan Lee - Cirith Ungol.jpg|left|thumb|"Cirith Ungol" by [[Alan Lee]]]]<br />
[[Amon Dîn]] was used as a fortified outpost of Minas Tirith keeping watch over the passage into North Ithilien from [[Dagorlad]] and any attempt by enemies to cross the [[Anduin]] near [[Cair Andros]].<ref name="Cirion">{{UT|Cirion}}</ref><ref>{{HM|RC}}, p. 510</ref> The [[Tower of Cirith Ungol]] was also defending Ithilien from attacks from Sauron's remaining servants and stopped them from returning to Mordor, guarding the high pass over the [[Ephel Dúath]]. Gondor occupied the fortress until {{TA|1636}} when the [[Great Plague]] killed large parts of the population. During the plague most of the people of [[Osgiliath]] fled the city for the western dales or the woods of Ithilien.<br />
<br />
After the disastrous [[Battle of the Plains]] in {{TA|1856}}, Ithilien was the only land east of the river Anduin to be occupied as the others were abandoned.<br />
<br />
In {{TA|1899}}, Marhwini warned [[Calimehtar (King of Gondor)|King Calimehtar]] that the [[Wainriders]] were plotting to raid [[Calenardhon]] over the [[Undeeps]]. Calimehtar therefore provoked the Wainriders out of Ithilien, and his horsemen, joined by a large [[éored]] led by [[Marhwini]], drove the Wainriders back.<ref name="Cirion"/><br />
<br />
In {{TA|1944}}, [[Wainriders]] from [[Rhûn]] made an alliance with the [[Haradrim]], and a dual attack on Ithilien was launched. While the Wainriders assaulted Ithilien from the north, the armies of the Haradrim crossed the [[Poros]] and invaded [[South Ithilien]]. The Gondorian [[Captain of the Southern Army|Captain]] [[Earnil II|Eärnil]] leading Gondor's inferior [[Southern Army]], defeated the Haradrim, and then turned north, [[Battle of the Camp|took]] the Wainriders into surprise and pushed many of them into the swamplands of the [[Dead Marshes]]. <br />
<br />
When Minas Ithil was captured by Mordor in {{TA|2002}} it was renamed [[Minas Morgul]], the Tower of Black Sorcery. During the [[Watchful Peace]] the lords of Morgul had secretly bred the [[Uruk-hai]], and in {{TA|2475}} these creatures assailed and overran Ithilien, captured [[Osgiliath]] and destroyed the great stone-bridge.<br />
===Deserting===<br />
[[Boromir (Steward of Gondor)|Boromir]] defeated the host of Morgul and regained Ithilien. However, from that time on no people dwelt in that region, and for Gondor there was never full peace again until after the defeat of Sauron.<ref>{{App|Stewards}}</ref><br />
<br />
In {{TA|2885}}, Ithilien was invaded in great strength, King [[Folcwine]] of [[Rohan]] fulfilled the [[Oath of Eorl]] and sent many men to Gondor. With their aid Steward [[Túrin II]] won a victory at the crossings of [[Poros]], though the princes [[Fastred (son of Folcwine)|Fastred]] and [[Folcred]] were slain.<ref name=TA>{{App|TA}}</ref><br />
[[File:Ted Nasmith - Henneth Annûn.jpg|thumb|[[Ted Nasmith]] - ''Henneth Annun'']]<br />
The majority of the people of Ithilien fled across the [[Anduin]] to escape war ({{TA|2901}})<ref name=TA/>, but the [[Stewards of Gondor]] still kept scouts there, operating out of secret locations such as [[Henneth Annûn]]. Those who stayed fled to regions such as [[Lossarnach]] when [[Mount Doom]] erupted in {{TA|2954}}. [[Steward]] [[Ecthelion II]] constructed the [[Rammas Echor]] as part of the now necessary defenses of [[Gondor]].<ref>{{HM|RC}}, p. 546</ref><br />
[[File:Angus McBride - Ambush.jpg|thumb|left|[[Angus McBride]] - ''Ambush'']]<br />
The descendants of the people who had dwelt in Ithilien, formed the corps of the [[Rangers of Ithilien]].<br />
<br />
===War of the Ring and later===<br />
<br />
During the [[War of the Ring]], in early March {{TA|3019}}, [[Faramir]] the son of the Steward [[Denethor]], was leading the [[Rangers of Ithilien]] to ambush Haradrim who would pass through Ithilien. That same time, [[Gollum]] led [[Frodo Baggins]] and [[Samwise Gamgee]] through Ithilien on their way to [[Cirith Ungol]] and into Mordor, and Faramir allowed them to continue when he was satisfied they were not agents of [[Sauron]].<br />
[[File:Alan Lee - Oliphaunt.jpg|thumb|"Oliphaunt" by [[Alan Lee]]]]<br />
When the [[Host of the West]] marched on the [[Morannon]], [[Mablung (ranger of Ithilien)|Mablung]] and his troops discovered an ambush by Orcs and Easterlings that lay hid in Ithilien. The ambush was quickly turned.<ref>{{RK|V10}}</ref><br />
<br />
During the [[Fourth Age]], Ithilien was ruled by the [[Prince of Ithilien|Princes of Ithilien]], a line that started with Faramir and [[Éowyn]], who became known as the White Lady of Ithilien. Minas Morgul was not repopulated, and Faramir had his throne in [[Emyn Arnen]]. After the fall of Sauron, [[Legolas]] brought elves from [[Mirkwood|Greenwood]], and they dwelt in Ithilien, and once again it became the fairest country in all the westlands.<ref>{{App|Durin}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Geography==<br />
[[Image:Ted_Nasmith_-_First_Sight_of_Ithilien.jpg|left|thumb|[[Ted Nasmith]] - ''First Sight of Ithilien'']]<br />
Ithilien was the only part of Gondor on the eastern side of the [[Anduin]], wedged in between the river and the [[Ephel Dúath]]. The northern border must have been around the [[Dead Marshes]] and its southern border was the river [[Poros]]. The region was further divided into [[North Ithilien|North]] and [[South Ithilien]] (the division was made at or near the [[Cross-roads]]).<br />
<br />
[[Iris]]es, [[Anemones]], [[Eglantine]], [[lilies]], [[water-lilies]] and [[Asphodel]] grew in Ithilien<ref>{{TT|Herbs}}</ref>. [[Lebethron]]<ref>{{TT|Journey}}</ref> and [[Culumalda]] grew especially in the woods around the [[Field of Cormallen]].<ref name=RC>{{HM|RC}}, pp. 625-6 (citing from the [[Unfinished index]])</ref><ref name=SApp>{{S|Appendix}} (entry for ''mal-'')</ref><br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
{{Pronounce|Ithilien.mp3|Ardamir}}<br />
''Ithilien'' is a [[Sindarin]] name meaning "land of the moon".<ref>{{HM|UI}}, p. 233</ref> It has been suggested that the name consists of the elements ''[[Moon#Other names|Ithil]]'' ("moon") + the affix ''[[-nd|end]]''.<ref>[http://www.tolkiendil.com/langues/english/i-lam_arth/compound_sindarin_names Compound Sindarin Names in Middle-earth] at [http://www.tolkiendil.com Tolkiendil.com] (accessed 20 July 2011)</ref><br />
<br />
{{references}}<br />
{{FellowshipRoute}}<br />
[[Category:Regions]]<br />
[[Category:Gondor]]<br />
[[Category:Sindarin locations]]<br />
<br />
[[fr:encyclo/geographie/regions/gondor/ithilien]]</div>108.63.142.187https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Thorin_Stonehelm&diff=299474Thorin Stonehelm2018-05-22T23:29:36Z<p>108.63.142.187: added info; also added my references</p>
<hr />
<div>{{sources}}<br />
{{disambig-more|Thorin|[[Thorin (disambiguation)]]}}<br />
{{dwarves infobox<br />
| name=Thorin Stonehelm<br />
| image=[[File:Decipher - Thorin III.jpg|250px]]<br />
| caption="Thorin III" from [[The Lord of the Rings Trading Card Game]]<br />
| pronun=<br />
| othernames=Thorin III<br />
| titles=[[Kings of Durin's Folk|King of Durin's Folk]]<br/>[[King under the Mountain]]<br />
| position=<br />
| location=[[Iron Hills]]<br>[[Lonely Mountain]]<br />
| affiliation=<br />
| language=[[Khuzdul]]<br />
| birth={{TA|2866}}<br />
| birthlocation=[[Iron Hills]]<br />
| rule={{TA|3019}} - [[Fourth Age]]<br />
| death=<br />
| deathlocation=<br />
| age=<br />
| notablefor=<br />
| house=[[House of Durin]]<br />
| parentage=[[Dáin Ironfoot]]<br />
| siblings=<br />
| spouse=<br />
| children=[[Durin VII]]<ref>The Peoples of Middle-earth: "The Making of Appendix A", '(iv) Durin's Folk'</ref>(some sources say ''descendant'')<br />
| gender=Male<br />
| height=<br />
| hair=<br />
| eyes=<br />
| clothing=<br />
| weapons=<br />
| steed=<br />
| gallery=Thorin III Stonehelm<br />
}}<br />
'''Thorin III Stonehelm''' ([[Third Age]] 2866 – [[Fourth Age]]) was the son and heir of [[Dáin Ironfoot|Dáin II Ironfoot]] of [[Durin's folk]], who was king of the [[Dwarves of Erebor]] and the [[Iron Hills]] in [[Rhovanion|Wilderland]].<br />
==History==<br />
During the [[Lord of the Iron Hills|Lordship]] of his father, Thorin was more than likely born in the [[Iron Hills]] to Dáin II Ironfoot. During his younger years he saw his people able to finally return to the Lonely Mountain after many years of further exile, and wandering. He himself became a prince with the rise of his father as [[King under the Mountain]], and over all the [[Longbeards]].<br />
<br />
During the [[War of the Ring]] at the age of one hundred fifty-three, Thorin fought the [[Easterlings]] in the [[Battle of Dale]], and took refuge in Erebor after his father was killed at its gates, along with [[Brand]] [[King of Dale|king]] of [[Dale]]. Thorin then became [[King under the Mountain]].<br />
<br />
When the news of Sauron's [[Battle of the Morannon|defeat in the South]] came to the ears of the enemy, they became dismayed and the Dwarves and Men came forth from the mountain and routed them driving them back of the river [[Carnen]], never troubling them again.<ref name="Chief">{{App|Chief}}</ref> <br />
<br />
Under Thorin's leadership Erebor and Dale were rebuilt along with Dale's new king [[Bard II]], son of Brand, and once again both their people prospered, and their realms became close allies with the [[Reunited Kingdom]] of [[Arnor]] and [[Gondor]] of King [[Aragorn|Aragorn II]].<br />
<br />
During his rule [[Gimli]], son of [[Glóin]], led a number of Dwarves South to [[Aglarond]], where a new colony was settled. Also during his rule mining for ''[[mithril]]'' in [[Moria]] slowly began again, although Moria was not yet permanently settled.<br />
<br />
Thorin III had a descendant (according to some sources, his son) who was held to be the reincarnation of [[Durin|Durin the Deathless]], and would rule as [[Durin VII]] the Last.<ref>The Peoples of Middle-earth: "The Making of Appendix A", '(iv) Durin's Folk'</ref><br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
<br />
Thorin's name is one from the ''[[Völuspá|Dvergatal]]''. It means "Bold".<ref>Chester Nathan Gould, "Dwarf-Names: A Study in Old Icelandic Religion", published in ''Publications of the Modern Language Association of America'', Vol 44 (1929), issue #4, pp. 939-967</ref><br />
<br />
The origins of the name "Stonehelm" are mysterious: [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]] doesn't provide us with any account that would shed light on its meaning.<br />
<br />
== Genealogy ==<br />
<div style="overflow-x: scroll; overflow-y: hidden; border: 1px solid #AAAAAA; padding: 3px; background: #EEEEEE;">{{familytree/start}}<br />
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | NAI | | | | | | | | |NAI=[[Náin II]]<br/>''<small>{{TA|2338|n}} - {{TA|2585|n}}</small>''}}<br />
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | |,|-|-|-|-|-|-|^|-|-|-|-|-|-|.| | | | | | | |}}<br />
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | DAI | | | | | | | | | | | | BOR | | | | | | |DAI=[[Dáin I]]<br/><small>''{{TA|2440|n}} - {{TA|2589|n}}''†</small>| BOR=[[Borin]]<br/>''<small>{{TA|2450|n}} - {{TA|2711|n}}</small>''}}<br />
{{familytree| | | | | | |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|.| | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | |}}<br />
{{familytree| | | | | | THR | | FRO | | GRO | | | | | | | | FAR | | | | | | |THR=[[Thrór]]<br/><small>''{{TA|2542|n}} - {{TA|2790|n}}''†</small>|FRO=[[Frór]]<br/><small>''{{TA|2552|n}} - {{TA|2589|n}}''†</small>|GRO=[[Grór]]<br/>''<small>{{TA|2563|n}} - {{TA|2805|n}}</small>''|FAR=[[Farin]]<br/>''<small>{{TA|2560|n}} - {{TA|2803|n}}</small>''}}<br />
{{familytree| | | | | | |!| | | | | | | |!| | | | | |,|-|-|-|^|-|-|-|.| | | |}}<br />
{{familytree| | | | | | THR | | | | | | NAI | | | | FUN | | | | | | GRO | | |THR=[[Thráin|Thráin II]]<br/><small>''{{TA|2644|n}} - {{TA|2850|n}}''†</small>|NAI=[[Náin (son of Grór)|Náin]]<br/><small>''{{TA|2665|n}} - {{TA|2799|n}}''†</small>|FUN=[[Fundin]]<br/><small>''{{TA|2662|n}} - {{TA|2799|n}}''†</small>|GRO=[[Gróin]]<br/><small>''{{TA|2671|n}} - {{TA|2923|n}}''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree| | |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|.| | | |!| | | |,|-|^|-|.| | | |,|-|^|-|.| |}}<br />
{{familytree| | THO | | FRE | | DIS | | DAI | | BAL | | DWA | | OIN | | GLO |THO=[[Thorin|Thorin II Oakenshield]]<br/><small>''{{TA|2746|n}} - {{TA|2941|n}}''†</small>|FRE=[[Frerin]]<br/><small>''{{TA|2751|n}} - {{TA|2799|n}}''†</small>|DIS=[[Dís]]<br/><small>''b. {{TA|2760|n}}''</small>|BAL=[[Balin]]<br/><small>''{{TA|2763|n}} - {{TA|2994|n}}''†</small>|DWA=[[Dwalin]]<br/><small>''{{TA|2772|n}} - {{FoA|91}}''</small>|OIN=[[Óin]]<br/><small>''{{TA|2774|n}} - {{TA|2994|n}}''</small>|GLO=[[Glóin]]<br/><small>''{{TA|2783|n}} - {{FoA|15}}''</small>|DAI=[[Dáin Ironfoot|Dáin II Ironfoot]]<br/><small>''{{TA|2767|n}} - {{TA|3019|n}}''†</small>}}<br />
{{familytree| | | | | | |,|-|-|-|(| | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| |}}<br />
{{familytree| | | | | | FIL | | KIL | | THO | | | | | | | | | | | | | | GIM |FIL=[[Fíli]]<br/><small>''{{TA|2859|n}} - {{TA|2941|n}}''†</small>|KIL=[[Kíli]]<br/><small>''{{TA|2864|n}} - {{TA|2941|n}}''†</small>|THO='''THORIN III STONEHELM'''<br/><small>''b. {{TA|2866|n}}''</small>|GIM=[[Gimli]]<br/><small>''{{TA|2879|n}} - {{FoA|120}}''+</small>}}<br />
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |:| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |}}<br />
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |:| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |}}<br />
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | | DUR | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |DUR=[[Durin VII]]}}<br />
{{familytree/end}}<br />
</div><br />
<br />
==Portrayal in adaptations==<br />
'''2001-2007: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Trading Card Game]]'':'''<br />
:A Decipher card identifies one of the Dwarves at the Council of Elrond in ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]'' as Thorin III.<br />
{{references}}<br />
{{seq-start}}<br />
{{seq-head<br />
| race=dwarf<br />
| name=Thorin III<br />
| house=[[Durin's Folk|House of Durin]]<br />
| born={{TA|2866}}<br />
| died=<br />
}}<br />
{{seq<br />
| prev=[[Dáin Ironfoot|Dáin II Ironfoot]]<br />
| prow=2<br />
| list=[[Kings of Durin's Folk|King of Durin's Folk]]<br />
| dates={{TA|3019}} - Unknown<br />
| nvac=Unknown<br />
| next=Eventually [[Durin VII]]<br />
}}<br />
{{seq<br />
| list=[[King under the Mountain]]<br />
| dates={{TA|3019}} - Unknown<br />
| next=Unknown<br />
}}<br />
{{seq-end}}{{durinskings}}<br />
[[Category:Dwarves]]<br />
[[Category:Fourth Age characters]]<br />
[[Category:Longbeards]]<br />
[[Category:Third Age characters]]<br />
<br />
[[de:Thorin III.]]<br />
[[fi:Thorin III Kivikypäri]]<br />
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/nains/3a/thorin_iii]]</div>108.63.142.187https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Durin_I&diff=299473Durin I2018-05-22T22:32:11Z<p>108.63.142.187: added info; also added my references</p>
<hr />
<div>{{disambig-more|Durin|[[Durin (disambiguation)]]}}<br />
{{dwarves infobox<br />
| name=Durin<br />
| image=[[File:Liz Danforth - Durin I.jpg|250px]]<br />
| caption="Durin I" by [[Liz Danforth]]<br />
| pronun=<br />
| othernames=Durin the Deathless<br/>"Father of the Dwarves"<br />
| titles=[[Kings of Durin's Folk|King of Durin's Folk]]<br/>[[Kings of Khazad-dûm|King of Khazad-dûm]]<br />
| position=<br />
| location=[[Gundabad]], [[Moria|Khazad-dûm]]<br />
| affiliation=[[Seven Fathers of the Dwarves]]<br />
| language=[[Khuzdul]]<br />
| birth=Before {{YT|1250}}<ref name="GA">{{GA|19}}</ref> <br />
| birthlocation=[[Mount Gundabad]]<br />
| rule=[[Years of the Trees]] - Late [[First Age]]<br />
| death=Late [[First Age]]<ref name="Durin"/><br />
| deathlocation=[[Moria|Khazad-dûm]]<br />
| age=''at least'' 2,395 years old<br />
| notablefor=Founding [[Moria|Khazad-dûm]]<br />
| house=Founded the [[House of Durin]]<br />
| parentage=None; created by [[Aulë]]<br />
| siblings=<br />
| spouse=<br />
| children=<br />
| gender=Male<br />
| height=<br />
| hair=<br />
| eyes=<br />
| clothing=<br />
| weapons=<br />
| steed=<br />
}}<br />
'''Durin I''' ([[Years of the Trees]] – [[First Age]]), also known as '''Durin the Deathless''' due to his longevity, was the first of the seven [[Fathers of the Dwarves]], the founder of the city of [[Moria|Khazad-dûm]], and the first king of the [[Longbeards]]. <br />
<br />
==History==<br />
[[File:Ted Nasmith - Aulë and the Seven Fathers.jpg|thumb|left|[[Ted Nasmith]] - ''Aulë and the Seven Fathers'']]<br />
Long before the awakening of the [[Elves]] it is said that Aulë, yearning for the [[Children of Ilúvatar]], fashioned the Seven [[Fathers of the Dwarves]] in a hall under the mountains in [[Middle-earth]]. Pleased with his work, Aulë was instructing his creations in the [[Khuzdul|speech]] he had devised for them when [[Ilúvatar]] rebuked him, pointing out that they were mere counterfeits that would only stand idle without Aulë’s will. Aulë humbled himself before Ilúvatar and prepared to destroy the Dwarves, but at that moment Ilúvatar gave them independent life. However, Ilúvatar would not suffer their arrival in the world before the Firstborn, so the seven fathers were laid to sleep until after the coming of the [[Elves]].<ref>{{S|Aule}}</ref><br />
<br />
Ilúvatar commanded Aulë to lay the sleeping fathers in deep places, each with a mate, save Durin the eldest who had none.<ref>{{L|212}}</ref> Durin was set to sleep under [[Mount Gundabad]] in the [[Misty Mountains]] during the [[Years of the Trees]].<ref>{{PM|Dwarves}}</ref> <br />
===King of the Longbeards===<br />
[[File:Ted Nasmith - Durin I Discovers the Three Peaks.jpg|thumb|left|[[Ted Nasmith]] - ''Durin I Discovers the Three Peaks'']]<br />
When he awoke he journeyed south alone through the wild where no person ever wandered before, and gave name to "nameless hills and dells", perhaps [[Azanulbizar]] and the nearby features<ref>{{FR|Journey}}</ref>. He came upon [[Kheled-zâram]]. Looking upon [[Seven Stars|mysterious stars]] set [[Durin's Crown|like a crown]] reflected in its surface, he took this as a sign, and there in the caves above the lake, founded a great city. This was [[Moria|Khazad-dûm]], later called [[Moria]], and for many years it was the greatest Dwarven city in Middle-earth.<ref name="Durin">{{App|Durin}}</ref><br />
<br />
Durin was the founder of the [[Longbeards]] house, which became known as [[Durin's folk]]. He lived to a great age even by the measure of the Dwarves until he was known as "The Deathless". However, he was not actually immortal, and died sometime during the First Age.<ref name="Durin"/><br />
<br />
All that can be known for certain about his age, is that he was born before {{YT|1250}}<ref name="GA">{{GA|19}}</ref> and died before the end of the [[First Age]].<ref name="Durin"/> This makes Durin ''at least'' 2,395 years old, about ten-times the lifespan of [[Dwarves]].<ref group="note">[[coranar|Years of the Sun]]. Each Year of the Trees is equal to 9.582 Years of the Sun, and the Years of the Trees ended in the year 1500. So, 9.582 x 250 = 2,395.</ref><br />
<br />
==Legacy==<br />
The Longbeards believed that Durin would return to them seven times, and in each reincarnation he will again be named Durin and reign as King. He did have six descendants that were named Durin, all were kings of Durin's folk.<ref name="Durin"/><br />
<br />
[[Durin's Axe]], a great heirloom of Durin's folk, was probably his; it was apparently found when [[Balin]] and [[Balin's colony|his colony]] came to Khazad-dûm in {{TA|2989}}.<ref>{{FR|Bridge}}</ref><ref>{{App|B2}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
''Durinn'' is one of the Dwarfs in the ''[[Völuspá|Dvergatal]]''. The name means "Sleepy".<ref>Chester Nathan Gould, "Dwarf-Names: A Study in Old Icelandic Religion", published in ''Publications of the Modern Language Association of America'', Vol 44 (1929), issue #4, pp. 939-967</ref><br />
<br />
==Genealogy==<br />
{{familytree/start}}<br />
{{familytree| DU1 | |DU1='''DURIN I'''</br><small>''fl. {{YT}}''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree| |:| | |}}<br />
{{familytree| DU2 | |DU2=[[Durin II]]</br><small>''fl. late {{FA}}/early {{SA}}''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree| |:| | |}}<br />
{{familytree| DU3 | |DU3=[[Durin III]]</br><small>''fl. mid {{SA}}''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree| |:| | |}}<br />
{{familytree| DU4 | |DU4=[[Durin IV]]</br><small>''fl. late {{SA}}/early {{TA}}''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree| |:| | |}}<br />
{{familytree| DU5 | |DU5=[[Durin V]]</br><small>''fl. late {{SA}}/early {{TA}}''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree| |:| | |}}<br />
{{familytree| DUR | |DUR=[[Durin VI]]<br/><small>''{{TA|1731}} - {{TA|1980|n}}''†</small>}}<br />
{{familytree/end}}<br />
<br />
{{references|note}}<br />
{{seq-start}}<br />
{{seq-head<br />
| name=Durin I<br />
| race=dwarf<br />
| house=[[Durin's Folk|House of Durin]]<br />
}}<br />
{{seq<br />
| pvac=None<br />
| prev=Position created<br />
| prow=2<br />
| list=[[Kings of Durin's Folk|King of Durin's Folk]]<br />
| nvac=Unknown<br />
| next=Next known:<br/>[[Durin II]]<br />
| nrow=2<br />
}}<br />
{{seq<br />
| list=[[Kings of Khazad-dûm|King of Khazad-dûm]]<br />
}}<br />
{{seq-end}}<br />
{{durinskings}}<br />
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]<br />
[[Category:Dwarves]]<br />
[[Category:First Age characters]]<br />
[[Category:Longbeards]]<br />
[[de:Durin I.]]<br />
[[fr:encyclo:personnages:nains:1a:durin_ier]]<br />
[[fi:Durin Kuolematon]]</div>108.63.142.187https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Kings_of_Durin%27s_Folk&diff=299472Kings of Durin's Folk2018-05-22T22:26:28Z<p>108.63.142.187: added info; also added my references</p>
<hr />
<div>The '''Kings of Durin's Folk''' were those of the [[House of Durin]] who ruled as kings, even when in exile. <br />
<br />
The kings were all descended from [[Durin|Durin the Deathless]] of the [[First Age]]; in fact, five of the kings after Durin I were held to be reincarnations of him by the [[Dwarves]]. No complete list of all kings is known. The table below shows the names of those Kings who have been recorded, or whose existence could be deduced. In the table all information was obtained from ''The Lord of the Rings'', Appendix A, "Durin’s Folk"<ref name="Durin">{{App|Durin}}</ref> unless otherwise indicated. The "Realm(s)" column indicates which place or places the kings ruled from during their reigns.<br />
<br />
<table border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" class="TGtable"><br />
<tr style="background:#EFEFEF;"><th>Name</th><th>Birth</th><th>Death</th><th>Realm(s)</th><th>Historical Notes</th></tr><br />
<tr><td align=center>[[Durin|Durin I]] the Deathless</td><td align=center>[[Years of the Trees]]</td><td align=center>[[First Age]]</td><td>[[Moria|Khazad-dûm]]</td><td>One of the seven [[Fathers of the Dwarves]] and founder of the Longbeards, [[Durin's Folk]]. He ruled his people for centuries - so long, in fact, that he became known as the 'Durin the Deathless' - but eventually he died during the First Age. He discovered the caves of Khazad-dûm and began his reign there.</td></tr><br />
<tr><td align=center>[[Durin II]]</td><td align=center>Unknown</td><td align=center>Unknown</td><td>Khazad-dûm</td><td>Little is recorded about his reign, although there are indications that the [[Dwarves of Khazad-dûm]] were in a confederation with [[Men]] of the [[Vales of Anduin]], where the Men provided food in return for Dwarven weapons and precious items.</td></tr><br />
<tr><td align=center>[[Durin III]]</td><td align=center>Unknown</td><td align=center>Unknown</td><td>Khazad-dûm</td><td>He was the king of Khazad-dûm at the time of the forging of the [[Rings of Power]] (sometime between {{SA|1500}} and {{SA|1590|n}}<ref>{{App|SA}}</ref>) and a great friend of [[Celebrimbor]] the Lord of [[Eregion]] to the west. He received one of the Rings (later known as the [[Ring of Thrór]]) as a gift from his friend.</td></tr><br />
<tr><td align=center>[[Durin IV]]</td><td align=center>Late Second Age</td><td align=center>Likely early Third Age</td><td>Khazad-dûm</td><td>He was the king during the [[War of the Last Alliance]], and he sent a great army to fight alongside the [[Last Alliance of Elves and Men]].</td></tr><br />
<tr><td align=center>[[Durin V]]</td><td align=center>Unknown</td><td align=center>Unknown</td><td>Khazad-dûm</td><td>With one of the seven Dwarven rings his kingdom prospered. </td></tr><br />
<tr><td align=center>[[Durin VI]]</td><td align=center>{{TA|1731|n}}</td><td align=center>{{TA|1980|n}} †</td><td>Khazad-dûm</td><td>He was king when the [[Balrogs|Balrog]] was awakened in {{TA|1980|n}}.<ref name="TA">{{App|TA}}</ref> After he was killed by it the Balrog was called [[Durin's Bane]] and Khazad-dûm was known as Moria.</td></tr><br />
<tr><td align=center>[[Náin I]]</td><td align=center>{{TA|1832|n}}</td><td align=center>{{TA|1981|n}} †</td><td>Khazad-dûm</td><td>He reigned for just one year before was also slain by [[Durin's Bane]].</td></tr><br />
<tr><td align=center>[[Thráin I]]</td><td align=center>{{TA|1934|n}}</td><td align=center>{{TA|2190|n}}</td><td>[[Lonely Mountain|Erebor]]</td><td> He led a great part of his people away from Khazad-dûm into the north and east of Middle-earth and founded the [[Kingdom under the Mountain]] in {{TA|1999|n}}.<ref name="TA"/></td></tr><br />
<tr><td align=center>[[Thorin I]]</td><td align=center>{{TA|2035|n}}</td><td align=center>{{TA|2289|n}}</td><td>Erebor, [[Ered Mithrin]]</td><td>Learning that his people were regrouping in the [[Grey Mountains]], Thorin I abandoned Erebor and reestablished the throne in the Ered Mithrin in {{TA|2210|n}}.<ref name="TA"/></td></tr><br />
<tr><td align=center>[[Glóin (King of Durin's Folk)|Glóin]]</td><td align=center>{{TA|2136|n}}</td><td align=center>{{TA|2385|n}}</td><td>Ered Mithrin</td><td> He expanded the mines of the Ered Mithrin, and further abandoned Erebor.</td></tr><br />
<tr><td align=center>[[Óin (King of Durin's Folk)|Óin]]</td><td align=center>{{TA|2238|n}}</td><td align=center>{{TA|2488|n}}</td><td>Ered Mithrin</td><td>Towards the very end of Óin's reign, in T.A. 2460, the Shadow returned to [[Dol Guldur]] in [[Mirkwood]] with increased strength; and in c. T.A. 2480 [[Orcs]] began to spread again in the [[Misty Mountains]] in order to block all passes into [[Eriador]], whilst [[Sauron]]'s creatures took [[Moria]] as their own.</td></tr><br />
<tr><td align=center>[[Náin II]]</td><td align=center>{{TA|2338|n}}</td><td align=center>{{TA|2585|n}}</td><td>Ered Mithrin</td><td>In {{TA|2570|n}}, the prosperous Dwarves began to suffer attacks by the dragons of the north.<ref name="TA"/></td></tr><br />
<tr><td align=center>[[Dáin I]]</td><td align=center>{{TA|2440|n}}</td><td align=center>{{TA|2589|n}} †</td><td>Ered Mithrin</td><td>His short reign came to a swift end when he was slain by a [[Cold-drakes|cold-drake]] before the entrance to his [[Dáin's halls|halls]]. He was succeeded by his son.</td></tr><br />
<tr><td align=center>[[Thrór]]</td><td align=center>{{TA|2542|n}}</td><td align=center>{{TA|2790|n}} †</td><td>Ered Mithrin, Erebor, exile, [[Dunland]]</td><td>He led his people out of the dragon-infested north back to the Lonely Mountain. He had been King under the Mountain for more than 180 years when the dragon [[Smaug]] descended on the mountain and [[Sack of Erebor|sacked]] it. He escaped the destruction, and went wandering in the wild before settling in Dunland. Later, went to reclaim Khazad-dûm where he was murdered by [[Azog]] the Orc, a crime that provoked the [[War of the Dwarves and Orcs]].</td></tr><br />
<tr><td align=center>[[Thráin|Thráin II]]</td><td align=center>{{TA|2644|n}}</td><td align=center>{{TA|2850|n}} †</td><td>Dunland, [[Ered Luin]]</td><td>He avenged his father's death with the defeat of Azog's Orcs at the [[Battle of Azanulbizar]]. In the early part of his reign, he dwelt in Dunland, but he later moved northwest to the [[Ered Luin]] west of Eriador and established a [[Thorin's Halls|new realm]]. Before his reign ended, he resolved to return to Erebor, but while wandering in the wild he was captured in {{TA|2845|n}}<ref name="TA"/> and died in the dungeons of the [[Necromancer]].</td></tr><br />
<tr><td align=center>[[Thorin|Thorin II Oakenshield]]</td><td align=center>{{TA|2746|n}}</td><td align=center>{{TA|2941|n}} †</td><td>Ered Luin, Erebor</td><td> He ruled as King in the Ered Luin for many years, but like his father before him he determined to return to his ancient home of Erebor. Accompanied by [[Gandalf]] and [[Bilbo Baggins]], he led a troop of companions into the east, and against all hope recovered the Lonely Mountain from Smaug. After Smaug's death, Thorin was slain in the [[Battle of Five Armies]]. The only remaining descendants of Thrór's line, Thorin's nephews [[Fíli]] and [[Kíli]], were also lost in the battle. So the Kingship passed to the line of Thrór's younger brother Grór, and specifically to his grandson [[Dáin Ironfoot]].</td></tr><br />
<tr><td align=center>[[Dáin Ironfoot|Dáin II Ironfoot]]</td><td align=center>{{TA|2767|n}}</td><td align=center>{{TA|3019|n}} †</td><td>Erebor</td><td> He ruled in prosperity as King under the Mountain for many years until the time of the War of the Ring. He was slain in the [[Battle of Dale]].</td></tr><br />
<tr><td align=center>[[Thorin Stonehelm|Thorin III Stonehelm]]</td><td align=center>{{TA|2866|n}}</td><td align=center>Early [[Fourth Age]]</td><td>Erebor</td><td>In {{TA|2941|n}}, Dáin succeeded as King under the Mountain and King of Durin's Folk, and Thorin simultaneously became crown prince. Thorin himself succeeded to the kingships when his father was killed during the [[War of the Ring]] in T.A. 3019. Thorin III helped rebuild Erebor and [[Dale]], and prospered. His realm became a close ally of the [[Reunited Kingdom]] of King [[Aragorn|Elessar]]. During his rule, [[Gimli]] led a number of Dwarves south to [[Aglarond]], where a new lordship was established, most likely a colony of Durin's Folk under the vassalage of the King of Erebor.</td></tr><br />
<tr><td align=center>[[Durin VII]]</td><td align=center>Unknown</td><td align=center>Unknown</td><td>Khazad-dûm<ref>{{PM|Aiv}}</ref></td><td>Was the direct descendant of King [[Thorin III Stonehelm]] (according to some sources, his son),<ref>''The Peoples of Middle-earth'': "The Making of Appendix A", '(iv) Durin's Folk', p. 279.</ref> ruler of [[Erebor]] and the [[Iron Hills]] in the [[Fourth Age]]. His birth was apparently prophesied upon the accession of [[Dáin II]] after the [[Battle of Five Armies]]<ref>''The Peoples of Middle-earth'': "The Making of Appendix A", '(iv) Durin's Folk', p. 383.</ref> (although no record exists of the actual prophecy itself). He led Durin's Folk back to recolonize [[Khazad-dûm]] (Moria) at some (unspecified) time after the beginning of the Fourth Age, where they remained "until the world grew old and the Dwarves failed and the days of Durin's race were ended".<ref>''The Peoples of Middle-earth'': "The Making of Appendix A", '(iv) Durin's Folk', p. 278.</ref></td></tr><br />
</table><br />
<br />
Durin I died before the end of the First Age, so that between his rule and that of Thorin III, the Kings of Durin's line ruled for a period of about 6,500 years. Given that the average length of a reign among the Longbeards seems to have been roughly a century, it can be deduced that there were probably about fifty Kings that have went unmentioned.<br />
{{References}}<br />
{{durinskings}}<br />
[[Category:Dwarves]]<br />
[[Category:Longbeards]]<br />
[[de:Durins Volk#Stammbaum]]<br />
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/nains/rois_du_peuple_de_durin]]<br />
[[fi:Durinin heimon kuninkaat]]</div>108.63.142.187https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Belfalas&diff=299466Belfalas2018-05-21T21:56:40Z<p>108.63.142.187: added info</p>
<hr />
<div>{{location infobox<br />
| name=Belfalas<br />
| image=<br />
| caption=<br />
| pronun=<br />
| othernames=<br />
| location=Southern [[Gondor]], west of [[Lebennin]] and north of [[Tolfalas]]<br />
| type=Region<br />
| description=<br />
| regions=<br />
| towns=[[Edhellond]], [[Dol Amroth]]<br />
| inhabitants=[[Sindar]]<br>[[Nandor]]<br>[[Númenóreans]]<br>[[Dúnedain]]<br>[[Gondorians]]<br />
| created=<br />
| destroyed=<br />
| events=<br />
}}<br />
'''Belfalas''' was a region of southern [[Gondor]], encompassing the coast from the mouth of the [[Anduin]] to [[Dol Amroth]].<ref name=VT/><br />
==History==<br />
Belfalas formed a part of [[Dor-en-Ernil]], or the "Prince's land". The Prince in question here was the Lord of [[Dol Amroth]], who lived at the city bearing his name.<br />
<br />
At the start of the second millennium of the [[Third Age]], a certain [[Imrazôr]] the [[Númenor|Númenórean]] lived in and ruled over the Belfalas. He married [[Mithrellas]], a [[Silvan Elves|Silvan Elf]] of [[Lothlórien|Lórien]], and their son [[Galador]] became the first Prince of [[Dol Amroth]].<br />
<br />
The Belfalas was also home to an old Elf haven named [[Edhellond]]. Its chief city was the Prince's residence of [[Dol Amroth]].<br />
<br />
South of the Belfalas lay a great Bay, which was named after it the [[Bay of Belfalas]].<br />
<br />
During the [[War of the Ring]], the Belfalas was raided by the [[Corsairs of Umbar]], and therefore did not send any men to help defend [[Minas Tirith]], until [[Aragorn]] liberated the coast with the [[Grey Company]], freeing [[Gondor]]'s southern armies to follow him north to relieve [[Minas Tirith]].<br />
==Etymology==<br />
The name ''Belfalas'' consists of ''[[bel]]'' (a [[Pre-Númenórean]] element of unknown meaning) + [[Sindarin]] ''[[falas]]'' ("shore").<ref name=VT>{{VT|42a}}, p. 15</ref><br />
<br />
==Portrayal in adaptations==<br />
'''2014: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''<br />
:The Havens of Belfalas were an area in the region of Western [[Gondor]]. They were located south of the [[Blackroot Vale]] via "Tarlang's Crown" and south-west of [[Lamedon]]. The "Emyn Ernil" lay to the east, dividing Belfalas from [[Dor-en-Ernil]]. During March of {{TA|3019}}, the two bridges to the Emyn Ernil were destroyed, preventing direct travel between the two areas through the hills. The capital was [[Dol Amroth]] and other settlements included "Tadrent" and "Ost Lontir". There were two [[Warning beacons of Gondor|beacons]] in Belfalas, on the north edges of the Emyn Ernil: "Amon Lontir" and "Nendath". The small island "Tol Aduial" was in the bay north of Dol Amroth and the larger island "Tol Fennas" was west of Dol Amroth. A reclusive group of [[Elves]], the "Avorrim", kept watch upon the abandoned haven of [[Edhellond]] in secret.<br />
<br />
{{references}}<br />
[[Category:Gondor]]<br />
[[Category:Regions]]<br />
[[de:Belfalas]]<br />
[[fr:encyclo:geographie:regions:gondor:belfalas]]<br />
[[fi:Belfalas]]</div>108.63.142.187https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Edhellond&diff=299465Edhellond2018-05-21T21:40:13Z<p>108.63.142.187: added info</p>
<hr />
<div>{{disambig-more|Amroth|[[Amroth (disambiguation)]]}}<br />
{{location infobox<br />
| name=Edhellond<br />
| image=[[File:John Howe - Edhellond.jpg|250px]]<br />
| caption="Edhellond" by [[John Howe]]<br />
| pronun=<br />
| othernames=Amroth's Haven<ref>{{RK|V9}}</ref><br />
| location=Southern [[Gondor]], confluence of the [[Ringló]] and [[Morthond]] rivers<br />
| type=Harbour/haven<br />
| description=Known for being an [[Elven]] haven for Elves before and after Amroth's time<br />
| regions=<br />
| towns=<br />
| inhabitants=[[Sindar]]<br>[[Silvan Elves]]<br>[[Nandor]]<br />
| created=Late [[First Age]]<br />
| destroyed=<br />
| events=Loss of [[Amroth]]<br />
}}<br />
'''Edhellond''' was an ancient harbour in southern [[Gondor]]. It had been established south-west of where the [[Ringló]] entered the [[Morthond]],<ref>{{UT|Map}}</ref> near where the combined waters flowed into [[Cobas Haven]].<ref>{{WR|3|XIV}}, West, p. 434</ref><br />
<br />
==History==<br />
Edhellond was founded by [[Sindar]] before the end of the [[First Age]], who had come there as refugees from [[Beleriand]] during [[Morgoth]]'s ascendancy. At first the population of the haven was quite small since the refugees had come in just three small ships, but over time their numbers had been increased by [[Nandor]] who came down the [[Anduin]].<ref>{{UT|Amroth}}, p. 247</ref><br />
<br />
From Edhellond Elves began sailing westward from the time of the fall of [[Eregion]] (in {{SA|1697}}<ref>{{App|SA}}</ref>).<ref name="Preface">{{ATB|Preface}}</ref><br />
<br />
[[Amroth]], Prince of Lórien, was lost at sea near Edhellond in {{TA|1981|n}} when he attempted to swim to shore to seek his beloved [[Nimrodel the Elf-maid|Nimrodel]]. The ship from which he jumped overboard was the last ship of [[Elves]] to leave from Edhellond, which was deserted from then on,<ref>{{UT|Amroth}}, pp. 241-242</ref> although remembered in the traditions of Men in Gondor.<ref name="Preface"/><br />
<br />
== Etymology ==<br />
Edhellond means "Elf Haven" in [[Sindarin]] (from ''[[edhel]]'' = "Elf"<ref>{{S|Appendix}} ''edhel''</ref> and ''[[lond]]'' = "harbour, haven"<ref>{{S|Appendix}} ''londë''</ref>).<br />
<br />
{{references}}<br />
[[Category:Cities, towns and villages]]<br />
[[Category:Gondor]]<br />
[[Category:Harbours]]<br />
[[de:Edhellond]]<br />
[[fi:Edhellond]]<br />
[[fr:encyclo:geographie:villes_tours_et_forteresses:gondor:edhellond]]</div>108.63.142.187https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Dol_Amroth&diff=299464Dol Amroth2018-05-21T21:37:57Z<p>108.63.142.187: edited inhabitants</p>
<hr />
<div>{{disambig-more|Amroth|[[Amroth (disambiguation)]]}}<br />
{{location infobox<br />
| name=Dol Amroth<br />
| image=[[File:Jan Pospisil - Dol Amroth.jpg|250px]]<br />
| caption="Dol Amroth" by Jan Pospíšil<br />
| pronun=<br />
| othernames=<br />
| location=[[Belfalas]]<br />
| type=City<br />
| description=Seat of the [[Prince of Dol Amroth]]<br />
| regions=<br />
| towns=<br />
| inhabitants=[[Númenóreans]]<br>[[Dúnedain]]<br>[[Gondorians]]<br>[[Sindar]]<br>[[Nandor]]<br />
| created=Late [[Second Age]]<br />
| destroyed=<br />
| events=<br />
}}<br />
'''Dol Amroth''' was a promontory situated on a peninsula in [[Gondor]] facing the [[Bay of Belfalas]]. <br />
<br />
The emblem of the Prince of Dol Amroth was a silver-upon-blue banner, bearing a ship with a swan-prow upon the sea.<ref>{{RK|VI4}}</ref><br />
==Description==<br />
Its northern shore defined part of [[Cobas Haven]], the small bay into which the [[Morthond]] River flowed.<ref>{{UT|Map}}</ref> Upon the headland the [[Princes of Dol Amroth]] established a castle and thus Dol Amroth referred to this stronghold and to the neighboring port-city, the chief city of the fief of [[Belfalas]].<ref name="Minas Tirith">{{RK|V1}}</ref> Within the walls of the city was the [[Sea-ward Tower]] or Tirith Aear, <ref>{{ATB|Preface}}</ref> which had a bell that was rung for the benefit of mariners.<ref>{{ATB|6}}</ref><br />
<br />
==History==<br />
[[Elves|Elven]] refugees from [[Beleriand]]<ref>{{UT|Amroth}}, p. 247</ref> settled the area and established an Elven settlement about 50 miles north of the promontory, at [[Edhellond]]<ref>{{UT|Galadriel}}, note 18, p. 255</ref><br />
<br />
During the [[Second Age]], a [[Númenóreans|Númenórean]] family of the [[Faithful]] settled near the Elves. [[Elendil]] who was of their kin, gave them title to rule the fief of [[Belfalas]]. They built their stronghold upon the promontory.<br />
<br />
According to one story, [[Galadriel]] and [[Celeborn]] dwelt among the Elves of Dol Amroth.<ref>{{UT|Concerning}}, p. 240</ref> When the Elvish king [[Amroth]] was lost at sea in {{TA|1981}} the last of these Elves left the realm<ref>{{App|TA}}</ref> which from then on became a realm of [[Men]]. <br />
<br />
It was from the name of this king that Dol Amroth (the "Hill of Amroth") took its name. The first Prince of Dol Amroth was [[Galador]], the son of [[Imrazôr]], who according to legend married the Elven-lady [[Mithrellas]].<ref>{{UT|Cirion}}, Note 39, p. 316</ref><br />
<br />
Being a coastal city, Dol Amroth was subject to occasional attacks by the [[Corsairs of Umbar]]. The fifteenth prince was slain in battle against these sea raiders in {{TA|2746}}.<ref>{{PM|Elendil}}, ''The House of Dol Amroth'', p. 222</ref><br />
<br />
In all there were twenty-one Princes of Dol Amroth before the twenty-second, [[Imrahil]], led a company of knights and a contingent of 700 men from the city to [[Minas Tirith]] during the [[War of the Ring]].<ref name="Minas Tirith"/><br />
==Population==<br />
The first settlers of the area were [[Sindar]] from Beleriand until [[Faithful]] from [[Númenor]] came to the promonitory. The last Elves left in TA 1981.<br />
<br />
The people of Dol Amroth were tall, grey-eyed, and dark-haired.<ref name="Minas Tirith"/> They were famous as the most skillful harp players in all of Gondor, who played at the coronation of [[Aragorn]].<ref>{{RK|VI5}}</ref> The inhabitants of Dol Amroth and in the lands nearby were some of the few people of Gondor who spoke [[Sindarin]] on a daily basis.<ref>{{App|Men}}</ref><br />
<br />
The southern [[Dúnedain]] that settled in Dol Amroth never intermarried with so-called Middle Men so as a result, the entire population of Dol Amroth consists of people with pure Dúnedain ancestry.{{fact}}<br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
''Dol Amroth'' is [[Sindarin]] from ''[[dol]]'' "hill" and ''[[Amroth]]'' "Upclimber".<br />
<br />
==Portrayal in adaptations==<br />
'''2014: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''<br />
:Dol Amroth was the largest city in the region of Western [[Gondor]]. It was ruled by [[Lothíriel]] in her father's absence. Parts of the city included the Harpers' Court, the Court of the Prince, the Scholars' Quarter, the Masons' Court, the Library of Saphadzîr, the Court of the Fount, the Artisans' Quarter, the Keep of the Swan-Knights, Inzilbel's Walk, the Wharf, and the Warehouses. There were two gates to the city, one in the east leading to the waterfront and one in the west leading up to the city proper. The city was threatened by the [[Corsairs of Umbar]], who blockaded the port and briefly managed to capture the city.<br />
<br />
{{references}}<br />
[[Category:Hills]]<br />
[[Category:Gondor]]<br />
[[Category:Cities, towns and villages]]<br />
<br />
[[de:Dol Amroth]]<br />
[[fi:Dol Amroth]]<br />
[[fr:encyclo:geographie:villes_tours_et_forteresses:gondor:dol_amroth]]</div>108.63.142.187https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=%C3%89oth%C3%A9od&diff=299463Éothéod2018-05-21T21:16:44Z<p>108.63.142.187: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{cleanup}}<br />
{{people infobox<br />
| name=Éothéod<br />
| image=[[File:Donato Giancola - Fram Franson.jpg|250px]]<br />
| caption="Fram Franson" by Donato Giancola<br />
| pronun=<br />
| othernames=<br />
| origin=[[Northmen]]<br />
| location=near the [[Vales of Anduin]]; northern Anduin ([[Framsburg]])<br />
| affiliation=<br />
| rivalry=[[Dwarves of the Grey Mountains]]<br />
| language=<br />
| members=[[Marhwini]], [[Forthwini]], [[Frumgar]], [[Fram]]<br />
| lifespan=<br />
| distinctions=<br />
| height=<br />
| hair=<br />
| skin=<br />
| clothing=<br />
| weapons=<br />
}}<br />
The '''Éothéod''' were a race of [[Northmen]] who flourished near the [[Vales of Anduin]] and later in northern [[Mirkwood]] from around {{TA|1856}} to {{TA|2510|n}}. They were faithful allies to [[Gondor]], and eventually were the ancestors of the [[Rohirrim]].<br />
==History==<br />
After the [[Battle of the Plains]] ({{TA|1856}}) much of the Kingdom of [[Rhovanion]] was lost to the [[Wainriders]], and its people were enslaved. The northern Lord [[Marhwini]] with some remnants of Northmen went to the [[Vales of Anduin]] to the west. They were soon joined by many fugitives from [[Mirkwood]] whose lands were taken by the Wainriders. They established themselves between the eastern bank of the River Anduin and the western edge of Mirkwood Forest.<ref name="Cirion">{{UT|8}}</ref> <br />
<br />
These migrations happened outside the knowledge of [[Gondor]], who learned about their existence many years later. That was until around {{TA|1899|n}} when Marhwini warned [[Calimehtar (King of Gondor)|Calimehtar]] that the Wainriders were plotting to raid [[Calenardhon]] over the [[Undeeps]]. But the enslaved Northmen also prepared a revolt against the Wainriders. Calimehtar therefore provoked the Wainriders out of [[Ithilien]], and his horsemen, joined by a large [[éored]] led by Marhwini, drove the Wainriders back. Meanwhile outlaws and roused slaves from Mirkwood burned many Wainriders settlements. Marhwini retired to his land beside the Anduin, and the Northmen of his race never again returned to their former homes.<ref name="Cirion"/><br />
<br />
In the time of [[Forthwini]], the Éothéod were troubled again by raids into the south of his land, both up the river and through the [[Narrows]] of Mirkwood. The [[Lord of the Éothéod]] then warned King [[Ondoher]] that the Wainriders were recovering. The attack finally came around {{TA|1944|n}} and men of the Éothéod fought with Ondoher. [[Faramir son of Ondoher]] refused to remain in [[Minas Tirith]] and joined a battalion of Éothéod but was caught with a party of them as they retreated towards the [[Dead Marshes]]. The [[leader of the Éothéod]] did not manage to save him and Faramir died in his arms, before he found out that he was the Prince. He then went to join [[Minohtar]] at the head of the [[North Road]] in Ithilien. Eventually the Wainriders were defeated by [[Earnil II]] at the [[Battle of the Camp]].<ref name="Cirion"/><br />
<br />
The Éothéod were now well-known to Gondor as a people of good trust. Having established contact, the historians of Gondor compiled their knowledge about all that had passed in the far northern region. <br />
<br />
===Migration===<br />
[[File:Douglas Chaffee - Framsburg.jpg|thumb|right|Douglas Chaffee - ''[[Framsburg]]''.]]<br />
After the fall of [[Angmar]] ({{TA|1975|n}}) Lord [[Frumgar]] led the Éothéod to a new land north of Mirkwood, between the Misty Mountains and the [[Forest River]] away from the ravages of the [[Easterlings]] and [[Orcs]]. Southward it extended to the confluence of [[Greylin]] and [[Langwell]] sources of the Great River [[Anduin]], near where the [[Ered Mithrin]] met the [[Misty Mountains]].<ref name="Cirion"/> They founded their capital there. <br />
Some time later their king [[Fram]], son of Frumgar, slew the [[Dragons|dragon]] [[Scatha]]. The Éothéod capital was named ''[[Framsburg]]'' in his honour. After Fram nothing is known of the leaders of Éothéod until much later time, when king [[Léod]] was killed trying to tame the [[Horses|horse]] [[Felaróf]], first of the ''[[Mearas]]'' of Rohan. His son and successor [[Eorl the Young]] tamed the horse, taking it into service as compensation for his father's life.<br />
During the rule of the ruling [[Stewards of Gondor|Steward of Gondor]] [[Cirion]] had always in his mind the menace from the North. It was thus not until the winter of {{TA|2509}} was past that he became aware that a great movement against Gondor was being prepared. Gondor faced an attack by the evil ''[[Balchoth]]'', and Cirion sent messengers to the Éothéod capital. King Eorl answered the call for help, and rode out with most of the Éothéod to help their allies of old, leaving only a few warriors behind to protect his people. The Riders arrived just in time to help the army of Gondor at the [[Field of Celebrant]], and after [[Battle of the Field of Celebrant|defeating]] the enemy Cirion asked the Éothéod to watch over the depopulated province of [[Calenardhon]].<br />
<br />
===The Rohirrim===<br />
Three months later Cirion gave Calenardhon as a gift to Eorl and his people, and Eorl swore his [[Oath of Eorl|Oath]] of eternal friendship. Messengers were sent north, and the Éothéod completely removed to the plains of Calenardhon.<br />
<br />
The Éothéod renamed themselves ''Eorlingas'' or "followers of Eorl", but in the [[Gondor Sindarin|language of Gondor]] they became known as the [[Rohirrim]], or ''Horse-lords'', and their country became known as [[Rohan]], the Riddermark.<br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
The name Éothéod is an Anglo-Saxon word meaning "horse people". It renders the original [[Rohirric]] word '''[[Lohtûr]]'''; "loho-" or "lô-" correspond to the Anglo-Saxon "éo-", meaning "horse".<ref>{{PM|II}}, p. 53.</ref><br />
<br />
<br />
{{references}}<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Eotheod}}<br />
[[Category:Northmen]]<br />
[[Category:Old English names]]<br />
[[Category:Third Age characters]]<br />
<br />
[[de:Éothéod]]</div>108.63.142.187https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Thorin%27s_hall&diff=299455Thorin's hall2018-05-21T15:00:30Z<p>108.63.142.187: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{sources}}<br />
{{unnamed}}<br />
{{kingdom<br />
| image=[[File:Thorin's Halls.jpg|250px]]<br />
| name=Thorin's Halls<br />
| pronun=<br />
| othernames=<br />
| location=Southern [[Blue Mountains]], beyond [[the Shire]]<ref>J. R. R. Tolkien (1955), ''[[The Return of the King]]'', 2nd edition (1966), George Allen & Unwin, Appendix B p. 369; {{ISBN|0 04 823047 2}}</ref><br />
| capital=<br />
| towns=<br />
| regions=<br />
| population=[[Durin's Folk]]<br />
| language=[[Westron]], [[Khuzdul]]<br />
| govern1=[[King of Durin's Folk]]<br />
| govern2=<br />
| govern3=<br />
| currency=<br />
| holiday=<br />
| precededby=<br />
| event1=Founded<br />
| event1date={{TA|2802}}<br />
| event2=<br />
| event2date=<br />
| event3=<br />
| event3date=<br />
| event4=<br />
| event4date=<br />
| event5=<br />
| event5date=<br />
| followedby=<br />
}}<br />
'''Thorin's Halls''' were the main western realm of [[Durin's Folk]], led by King [[Thráin|Thráin II]] and later [[Thorin|Thorin II Oakenshield]]. <br />
<br />
==History==<br />
===Establishment and Thráin's reign===<br />
Several years after the [[Sack of Erebor]] by the dragon [[Smaug]], the exiled [[Kings of Durin's Folk|King of Durin's folk]] [[Thrór]] was murdered by [[Orcs]]. [[Thráin|Thráin II]] led a host of Dwarves from his and other house in a [[War of the Dwarves and Orcs | great war]] against the [[Orcs of the Misty Mountains]]. After that, Thráin's people moved to the hills of [[Dunland]] and stayed for some time before moving to the [[Blue Mountains]] and established their Halls in the year {{TA|2802}}. <br />
<br />
For nearly forty years Thráin ruled his people in the Ered Luin but was driven to obsession by his [[Ring of Thrór | ring of power]]. In {{TA|2841|n}} he left with a small group of followers to return to the Erebor determined to kill Smaug and take his father's realm back. But in {{TA|2845|n}} while encamped on the eves of [[Mirkwood]] Thráin was captured by the servants of the [[Necromancer]] and taken to [[Dol Guldur]]; where he was tortured till his death many years later. His followers including [[Balin]] and [[Dwalin]] did not know his fate, and after searching for days they returned to the Ered Luin.<br />
<br />
===Thorin's rule===<br />
Thorin was made the ruler of Durin's folk, and under his leadership, his people prospered, their trade increased as well as their numbers, not only from birth but wandering Longbeards heard of Thorin's realm and came to him.<br />
[[File:Matěj Čadil - Thorin in Blue Mountains.jpg|thumb|left|[[Matěj Čadil]] - ''Thorin in Blue Mountains'']]<br />
Thorin ruled in the Ered Luin for nearly one hundred years, until he met [[Gandalf]] the Wizard who helped him concoct a plan to take back Erebor from Smaug; he left his halls for the last time on a [[Quest of Erebor|quest to take back his former home]]. After many months [[Thorin and Company]] took the mountain as theirs and Thorin declared himself [[King under the Mountain]] after Smaug was killed; but after a [[Battle of Five Armies | great battle]] with Orcs and [[Wargs]] Thorin was mortally wounded and died, never being able to enjoy the realm he gained.<br />
<br />
===Dissolvement as the Capital===<br />
After Thorin's death, his cousin [[Dáin Ironfoot|Dáin II Ironfoot]] of the [[Iron Hills]] became king of Durin's folk; and when news reached [[Dwarves of the Blue Mountains | Durin's folk in the Ered Luin]] that Erebor was retaken, it is believed that most of them moved to the Lonely Mountain. Therefore, Thorin's Halls became a sub-realm of Durin's folk.<br />
<br />
==Portrayal in Adaptations == <br />
<br />
'''2007: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''<br />
:Thorin's Halls is one of the major cities in the game, referred to as "Thorin's Hall". Following the death of Thorin, many [[Longbeards]] move away and the rule of Thorin's Hall falls to the [[Dourhands]] - the clan of Dwarves who are slowly corrupted by the Dark Lord. In {{TA}} 3016 King Dain sends a company of Longbeards to reclaim Thorin's Hall and Dourhands are thrown out, [[Dwalin]] becomes the ruler and maintains his position until {{TA|3019}}. Thorin's Hall is where the Dwarven characters begin their journey in Middle-Earth: the city itself is safe from dangers, but outlying outposts face the threats of wild beasts, remaining Dourhands and occasional [[Orcs#Orcs and Goblins|Goblins]].<br />
<br />
{{references}}<br />
* {{App|Durin}}<br />
* {{UT|Quest}}<br />
* {{PM|Dwarves}}, pages 313, 328<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Eriador]]<br />
[[Category:Dwarven realms]]<br />
<br />
[[de:Thorins Hallen]]</div>108.63.142.187https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Blue_Mountains&diff=299454Blue Mountains2018-05-21T14:58:21Z<p>108.63.142.187: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{sources}}<br />
{{location infobox<br />
| name=Blue Mountains<br />
| image=[[File:Rob Alexander - Blue Mountain Dwarf Hold.jpg|250px]] <br />
| caption="Blue Mountain Dwarf Hold" by Rob Alexander<br />
| pronun=<br />
| othernames=Ered Luin, Ered Lindon<br />
| location=Between [[Ossiriand]]/[[Lindon]] and [[Eriador]]<br />
| type=Mountain range<br />
| description=Known for being an ancient Dwarf realm, the boundary between [[Eriador]] and [[Lindon]] <br />
| regions=<br />
| towns=[[Nogrod]]<br>[[Belegost]]<br>[[Thorin's Halls]]<br>Newer halls in the Southern chain<br />
| inhabitants=[[Dwarves of the Blue Mountains]]: [[Broadbeams]], [[Firebeards]], and [[Longbeards]]<br />
| created=<br />
| destroyed=<br />
| events=<br />
}}<br />
The '''Blue Mountains''' ([[Sindarin|S.]] '''''Ered Luin'''''), also known as the '''''Ered Lindon''''', was the mountain range at the far west of [[Eriador]].<br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
== Early history ==<br />
In the early days of [[Arda]] after the fall of the [[Two Lamps]], the Blue Mountains were formed as the [[Valar]] widened the [[Belegaer|Great Sea]] and thrust [[Middle-earth]] eastward to protect [[Valinor]].<ref>{{SM|5b}}</ref> The Blue Mountains lined up with the [[Grey Mountains (ancient)|Grey Mountains of the southlands]], forming the western wall of [[Arda]]. These two ranges lay parallel to the [[Orocarni|Red Mountains]] in the northeast and [[Yellow Mountains]] in the southeast that formed the eastern wall. At their northern end, a narrow gap separated the Blue Mountains from the [[Iron Mountains]], which stretched across the entire north of Middle-earth.<ref>{{SM|a4}}</ref><br />
<br />
Sometime during the [[Years of the Trees]] two [[Fathers of the Dwarves|Dwarven Fathers]] awoke under [[Dolmed|Mount Dolmed]] and founded the two westernmost houses of the [[Dwarves]] (the [[Firebeards]] and [[Broadbeams]]). They subsequently built two great city-states, [[Nogrod]] and [[Belegost]].<br />
<br />
In the [[First Age]], the Blue Mountains were an unbroken line separating Eriador from [[Beleriand]]. Seven rivers flowed from its western side, and the land these rivers flowed through was known as [[Ossiriand]]. Later, when the [[Green-elves]] settled there, the land was called [[Lindon]], and the mountains sometimes referred to as the ''Ered Lindon''.<br />
<br />
The Blue Mountains were ruined during the [[War of Wrath]] at the end of the First Age, and in the south central end of the range the sea broke through. The [[Lhûn|River Lhûn]] now flowed through the mountains to the [[Gulf of Lune]]. On the western side a small section of Lindon remained, and here the retreating [[Elves]] built the kingdom of [[Lindon]], ruled by [[Gil-galad|Ereinion Gil-galad]], last [[High King of the Noldor]].<ref>{{S|Rings}}</ref><br />
<br />
The Dwarven cities of Nogrod and Belegost were also ruined when the mountains were broken, causing most of the Dwarves to migrate east to [[Moria|Khazad-dûm]], leaving a remnant behind. <br />
<br />
== Third Age ==<br />
<br />
By the Third Age, Dwarves dwelt in the east side of the Blue Mountains, especially in the parts south of the [[Gulf of Lhun]] where they have mines that are still in use.<ref name="Eriador">{{App|Eriador}}</ref> <br />
<br />
The Blue Mountains apparently saw the return of many of the Firebeards and Broadbeams due to the isolation/stagnation of Khazad Dûm, and the later awakening of [[Durin's Bane]].{{fact}}<br />
<br />
In {{TA|1974}}, fleeing the fall of [[Fornost Erain]], [[Arvedui]] briefly hid in old dwarven mines in the Blue Mountains.<ref name="Eriador">{{App|Eriador}}</ref><br />
<br />
It also became the new home for many of [[Durin's Folk]] who were exiled from their halls in [[Lonely Mountain|Erebor]] by [[Smaug]] the [[Dragons|Dragon]] who had [[Sack of Erebor|driven them out]]. After the [[War of the Dwarves and Orcs]], King [[Thráin|Thráin II]] established his throne in the Southern range beyond [[the Shire]] and later his son [[Thorin]] ruled after he went missing. During Thorin's reign, many of the wandering Longbeards joined him in [[Thorin's Halls|his halls]] and they became prosperous in a fashion. However, Erebor was retaken from Smaug by Thorin and company in {{TA|2941}}, and it can be assumed most if not all of Durin's folk relocated there.{{Pronounce|Ered Luin.mp3|Ardamir}}<br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
''Ered Luin'' is a [[Sindarin]] name, consisting of ''[[ered]]'' ("mountains") and ''[[luin]]'' ("blue").<ref>{{PE|17}}, p. 66</ref> Other names were '''Ered Lindon''' "Mountains of Lindon" and the [[Westron]] name '''Mountains of Lune'''.<br />
<br />
The ''[[Etymologies]]'' show a [[Noldorin]] alternative name, '''Lhúndirien'''.<ref>{{LR|Etymologies}}, p. 370</ref><br />
<br />
In [[Ælfwine]]'s [[Old English]] translations, the Blue Mountains are named ''Hǽwengebeorg''.<ref>{{HM|SM}}, p. 341</ref><br />
<br />
==Portrayal in adaptations==<br />
<br />
'''2006: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth II]]'':'''<br />
:The Blue Mountains form the location of a fight between Dwarves and [[Drogoth]].<br />
<br />
'''2007: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''<br />
:The Blue Mountains appear as the game's westernmost region, Ered Luin. Ered Luin is the beginner's region for the game's races, Elves and Dwarves. The region's storyline is based around a conflict with a rogue clan of Dwarves called the Dourhands and a tribe of Goblins living in the winding valleys of a region called Rath Teraig. Ered Luin is home to the cities of Thorin's Hall and Duillond, but also contain smaller outposts such as Gondamon and Celondim. Ered Luin is also home to the hostile Dourhand cities of Kheledul and the excavation of a long-lost city named Sarnur.<br />
<br />
'''2011: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]]'':'''<br />
:Although the Blue Mountains do not appear in the game, they are mentioned by the Dwarf [[Grof]]. He tells the player that the Blue Mountains are prosperous, but that they lately find more iron than gold.<ref>[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]], ''Prologue''</ref><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[:Category:Images of the Blue Mountains|Images of the Blue Mountains]]<br />
{{references}}<br />
[[Category:Beleriand]]<br />
[[Category:Eriador]]<br />
[[Category:Lindon]]<br />
[[Category:Mountain ranges]]<br />
[[Category:Dwarven realms]]<br />
<br />
[[de:Ered Luin]]<br />
[[fi:Sinivuoret]]<br />
[[fr:encyclo/geographie/reliefs/montagnes_bleues]]</div>108.63.142.187https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Durin_IV&diff=299438Durin IV2018-05-20T22:47:08Z<p>108.63.142.187: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{disambig-more|Durin|[[Durin (disambiguation)]]}}<br />
{{dwarves infobox<br />
| name=Durin IV<br />
| image=<br />
| caption<br />
| pronun=<br />
| othernames=<br />
| titles=[[Kings of Durin's Folk|King of Durin's Folk]]<br/>[[Kings of Khazad-dûm|King of Khazad-dûm]]<br />
| position=<br />
| location=[[Moria|Khazad-dûm]]<br />
| affiliation=<br />
| language=[[Khuzdul]]<br />
| birth=late [[Second Age]]/early [[Third Age]]<br />
| birthlocation=<br />
| rule=<br />
| death=late [[Second Age]]/early [[Third Age]]<br />
| deathlocation=<br />
| age=<br />
| notablefor=Sent help to the [[Last Alliance]]<br />
| house=[[House of Durin]]<br />
| parentage=<br />
| siblings=<br />
| spouse=<br />
| children=<br />
| gender=Male<br />
| height=<br />
| hair=<br />
| eyes=<br />
| clothing=<br />
| weapons=<br />
| steed=<br />
}}<br />
'''Durin IV''' (Lived during late [[Second Age]] or early [[Third Age]]) was a King of [[Durin's folk]] who ruled the great [[Dwarves|Dwarven]] city of [[Moria|Khazad-dûm]], and the fourth king to have the name Durin. Like his father he bore a [[Ring of Thrór|Ring of Power]].<ref name="Durin">{{App|Durin}}</ref><br />
<br />
==History==<br />
Like all Durins after [[Durin|Durin I]], he was given the name of the first of the [[Seven Fathers of the Dwarves]] because he greatly resembled him in both appearance and manner. Indeed it was believed among the Dwarves that he was the reincarnation of Durin I, though whether this is possible is unclear.<ref name="Durin"/> Durin IV was the King of Durin's Folk during the [[War of the Last Alliance]], and he sent an army of Dwarves to fight alongside the [[Last Alliance of Elves and Men]].<br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
''Durinn'' is one of the Dwarfs in the ''[[Völuspá|Dvergatal]]''. The name means "Sleepy".<ref>Chester Nathan Gould, "Dwarf-Names: A Study in Old Icelandic Religion", published in ''Publications of the Modern Language Association of America'', Vol 44 (1929), issue #4, pp. 939-967</ref><br />
<br />
==Genealogy==<br />
{{familytree/start}}<br />
{{familytree| DU1 | |DU1=[[Durin|Durin I]]</br><small>''fl. {{YT}}''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree| |:| | |}}<br />
{{familytree| DU2 | |DU2=[[Durin II]]</br><small>''fl. late {{FA}}/early {{SA}}''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree| |:| | |}}<br />
{{familytree| DU3 | |DU3=[[Durin III]]</br><small>''fl. mid {{SA}}''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree| |:| | |}}<br />
{{familytree| DU4 | |DU4='''DURIN IV'''</br><small>''fl. late {{SA}}/early {{TA}}''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree| |:| | |}}<br />
{{familytree| DU5 | |DU5=[[Durin V]]</br><small>''fl. late {{SA}}/early {{TA}}''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree| |:| | |}}<br />
{{familytree| DUR | |DUR=[[Durin VI]]<br/><small>''{{TA|1731}} - {{TA|1980|n}}''†</small>}}<br />
{{familytree/end}}<br />
<br />
{{seq-start}}<br />
{{seq-head<br />
| race=dwarf<br />
| house=[[House of Durin]]<br />
}}<br />
{{seq<br />
| pvac=Unknown<br />
| prev=Last known:<br/>[[Durin III]] (mid-[[Second Age]])<br />
| prow=2<br />
| list=[[Kings of Durin's Folk|King of Durin's Folk]]<br />
| nvac=Unknown<br />
| next=Next known:<br/>[[Durin V]]<br />
| nrow=2<br />
}}<br />
{{seq<br />
| list=[[Kings of Khazad-dûm|King of Khazad-dûm]]<br />
<br />
}}<br />
{{seq-end}}<br />
{{references}}<br />
{{durinskings}}<br />
[[Category:Dwarves]]<br />
[[Category:Longbeards]]<br />
[[de:Durin IV.]]<br />
[[fr:encyclo:personnages:nains:durin_iv]]</div>108.63.142.187https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Durin_I&diff=299437Durin I2018-05-20T22:43:26Z<p>108.63.142.187: added info; also added my references</p>
<hr />
<div>{{disambig-more|Durin|[[Durin (disambiguation)]]}}<br />
{{dwarves infobox<br />
| name=Durin<br />
| image=[[File:Liz Danforth - Durin I.jpg|250px]]<br />
| caption="Durin I" by [[Liz Danforth]]<br />
| pronun=<br />
| othernames=Durin the Deathless<br/>"Father of the Dwarves"<br />
| titles=[[Kings of Durin's Folk|King of Durin's Folk]]<br/>[[Kings of Khazad-dûm|King of Khazad-dûm]]<br />
| position=<br />
| location=[[Gundabad]], [[Moria|Khazad-dûm]]<br />
| affiliation=[[Seven Fathers of the Dwarves]]<br />
| language=[[Khuzdul]]<br />
| birth=[[Years of the Trees]]<ref name="GA">{{GA|19}}</ref><br />
| birthlocation=[[Mount Gundabad]]<br />
| rule=[[Years of the Trees]] - Late [[First Age]]<br />
| death=Late [[First Age]]<ref name="Durin"/><br />
| deathlocation=[[Moria|Khazad-dûm]]<br />
| age=''at least'' 2,395 years old<br />
| notablefor=Founding [[Moria|Khazad-dûm]]<br />
| house=Founded the [[House of Durin]]<br />
| parentage=None; created by [[Aulë]]<br />
| siblings=<br />
| spouse=<br />
| children=<br />
| gender=Male<br />
| height=<br />
| hair=<br />
| eyes=<br />
| clothing=<br />
| weapons=Presumably [[Durin's Axe]]<br />
| steed=<br />
}}<br />
'''Durin I''' ([[Years of the Trees]] – [[First Age]]), also known as '''Durin the Deathless''' due to his longevity, was the first of the seven [[Fathers of the Dwarves]], the founder of the city of [[Moria|Khazad-dûm]], and the first king of the [[Longbeards]]. <br />
<br />
==History==<br />
[[File:Ted Nasmith - Aulë and the Seven Fathers.jpg|thumb|left|[[Ted Nasmith]] - ''Aulë and the Seven Fathers'']]<br />
Long before the awakening of the [[Elves]] it is said that Aulë, yearning for the [[Children of Ilúvatar]], fashioned the Seven [[Fathers of the Dwarves]] in a hall under the mountains in [[Middle-earth]]. Pleased with his work, Aulë was instructing his creations in the [[Khuzdul|speech]] he had devised for them when [[Ilúvatar]] rebuked him, pointing out that they were mere counterfeits that would only stand idle without Aulë’s will. Aulë humbled himself before Ilúvatar and prepared to destroy the Dwarves, but at that moment Ilúvatar gave them independent life. However, Ilúvatar would not suffer their arrival in the world before the Firstborn, so the seven fathers were laid to sleep until after the coming of the [[Elves]].<ref>{{S|Aule}}</ref><br />
<br />
Ilúvatar commanded Aulë to lay the sleeping fathers in deep places, each with a mate, save Durin the eldest who had none.<ref>{{L|212}}</ref> Durin was set to sleep under [[Mount Gundabad]] in the [[Misty Mountains]] during the [[Years of the Trees]].<ref>{{PM|Dwarves}}</ref> <br />
===King of the Longbeards===<br />
[[File:Ted Nasmith - Durin I Discovers the Three Peaks.jpg|thumb|left|[[Ted Nasmith]] - ''Durin I Discovers the Three Peaks'']]<br />
When he awoke he journeyed south alone through the wild where no person ever wandered before, and gave name to "nameless hills and dells", perhaps [[Azanulbizar]] and the nearby features<ref>{{FR|Journey}}</ref>. He came upon [[Kheled-zâram]]. Looking upon [[Seven Stars|mysterious stars]] set [[Durin's Crown|like a crown]] reflected in its surface, he took this as a sign, and there in the caves above the lake, founded a great city. This was [[Moria|Khazad-dûm]], later called [[Moria]], and for many years it was the greatest Dwarven city in Middle-earth.<ref name="Durin">{{App|Durin}}</ref><br />
<br />
Durin was the founder of the [[Longbeards]] house, which became known as [[Durin's folk]]. He lived to a great age even by the measure of the Dwarves until he was known as "The Deathless". However, he was not actually immortal, and died sometime during the First Age.<ref name="Durin"/><br />
<br />
All that can be known for certain about his age, is that he was born before {{YT|1250}}<ref name="GA">{{GA|19}}</ref> and died before the end of the [[First Age]].<ref name="Durin"/> This makes Durin ''at least'' 2,395 years old, about ten-times the lifespan of [[Dwarves]].<ref group="note">[[coranar|Years of the Sun]]. Each Year of the Trees is equal to 9.582 Years of the Sun, and the Years of the Trees ended in the year 1500. So, 9.582 x 250 = 2,395.</ref><br />
<br />
==Legacy==<br />
The Longbeards believed that Durin would return to them seven times, and in each reincarnation he will again be named Durin and reign as King. He did have six descendants that were named Durin, all were kings of Durin's folk.<ref name="Durin"/><br />
<br />
[[Durin's Axe]], a great heirloom of Durin's folk, was probably his; it was apparently found when [[Balin]] and [[Balin's colony|his colony]] came to Khazad-dûm in {{TA|2989}}.<ref>{{FR|Bridge}}</ref><ref>{{App|B2}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
''Durinn'' is one of the Dwarfs in the ''[[Völuspá|Dvergatal]]''. The name means "Sleepy".<ref>Chester Nathan Gould, "Dwarf-Names: A Study in Old Icelandic Religion", published in ''Publications of the Modern Language Association of America'', Vol 44 (1929), issue #4, pp. 939-967</ref><br />
<br />
==Genealogy==<br />
{{familytree/start}}<br />
{{familytree| DU1 | |DU1='''DURIN I'''</br><small>''fl. {{YT}}''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree| |:| | |}}<br />
{{familytree| DU2 | |DU2=[[Durin II]]</br><small>''fl. late {{FA}}/early {{SA}}''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree| |:| | |}}<br />
{{familytree| DU3 | |DU3=[[Durin III]]</br><small>''fl. mid {{SA}}''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree| |:| | |}}<br />
{{familytree| DU4 | |DU4=[[Durin IV]]</br><small>''fl. late {{SA}}/early {{TA}}''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree| |:| | |}}<br />
{{familytree| DU5 | |DU5=[[Durin V]]</br><small>''fl. late {{SA}}/early {{TA}}''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree| |:| | |}}<br />
{{familytree| DUR | |DUR=[[Durin VI]]<br/><small>''{{TA|1731}} - {{TA|1980|n}}''†</small>}}<br />
{{familytree/end}}<br />
<br />
{{references|note}}<br />
{{seq-start}}<br />
{{seq-head<br />
| name=Durin I<br />
| race=dwarf<br />
| house=[[Durin's Folk|House of Durin]]<br />
}}<br />
{{seq<br />
| pvac=None<br />
| prev=Position created<br />
| prow=2<br />
| list=[[Kings of Durin's Folk|King of Durin's Folk]]<br />
| nvac=Unknown<br />
| next=Next known:<br/>[[Durin II]]<br />
| nrow=2<br />
}}<br />
{{seq<br />
| list=[[Kings of Khazad-dûm|King of Khazad-dûm]]<br />
}}<br />
{{seq-end}}<br />
{{durinskings}}<br />
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]<br />
[[Category:Dwarves]]<br />
[[Category:First Age characters]]<br />
[[Category:Longbeards]]<br />
[[de:Durin I.]]<br />
[[fr:encyclo:personnages:nains:1a:durin_ier]]<br />
[[fi:Durin Kuolematon]]</div>108.63.142.187https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Arnor&diff=299436Arnor2018-05-20T22:25:52Z<p>108.63.142.187: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{kingdom<br />
| image=<br />
| name=Arnor<br />
| pronun=<br />
| othernames=North-kingdom<br />
| location=[[Eriador]]<br />
| capital=[[Annúminas]], later [[Fornost Erain]]<br />
| towns=[[Lond Daer]], [[Tharbad]], [[Bree]]<br />
| regions=[[Arthedain]], [[Cardolan]], [[Rhudaur]]<br />
| population=[[Dúnedain]], [[Men]], [[Hobbits|Hobbits]], [[Elves]]<br />
| language=[[Westron]]<br />
| govern1=[[Kings of Arnor|King of Arnor]]<br />
| govern2=[[High King of the Dúnedain]]<br />
| govern3=Council of Arnor<br />
| currency=<br />
| holiday=<br />
| precededby=<br />
| event1=Founded<br />
| event1date={{SA|3320}}<br />
| event2=Divided<br />
| event2date={{TA|861}}<br />
| event3=Abandoned <br />
| event3date={{TA|1974}}<br />
| event4=Re-formed<br />
| event4date={{FoA|1}}<br />
| event5=<br />
| event5date=<br />
| followedby=<br />
}}<br />
{{Pronounce|Arnor.mp3|Ardamir}}<br />
<br />
'''Arnor''', or the '''Northern Kingdom''', was a kingdom of the [[Dúnedain]] in the land of [[Eriador]] in [[Middle-earth]]. It was the original seat of the [[Kings of Arnor|High King of Arnor]] who ruled over both Arnor and Gondor.<br />
==Geography==<br />
Arnor included most of [[Eriador]], between the [[Lune]] (west of which was [[Lindon]]) and the rivers [[Greyflood]] and [[Loudwater]] (east of which was [[Rivendell]]).<ref>{{App|Eriador}}</ref><br />
<br />
The Dunedain or Arnor dwelt in many places in Eriador, and specifically the courses of the rivers Lune and [[Baranduin]] as well as [[Fornost]]. The capital was at Annúminas. By the later [[Third Age]] there were [[barrows]] and ruins at Cardolan and Rhudaur.<ref name=rings/><br />
=== Regions ===<br />
<br />
* [[Arthedain]], core of the north-kingdom bordering the Lune<br />
* [[Cardolan]], south of the [[Great East Road]], east of the Brandywine<br />
* [[Rhudaur]], between the Weather Hills and the [[Misty Mountains]]<br />
<br />
=== Cities, Fortresses and Watchtowers ===<br />
<br />
* [[Annúminas]], the old capital on the shore of Lake Evendim<br />
* [[Fornost]], the new capital of the successor state of Arthedain<br />
* [[Bree]], a trading centre located on the Great East Road<br />
* [[Lond Daer]], an old harbour town founded by Númenóreans<br />
* [[Weathertop|Amon Sûl]], also called Weathertop, a watchtower on the highest of the Weather Hills<br />
* [[Elostirion]], a watchtower in the Tower Hills<br />
* [[Tharbad]], a fortified town and port along the River Greyflood on the southern border of Arnor<br />
=== The ''[[Palantíri]]'' ===<br />
<br />
The '''[[Palantíri]]''' or 'seeing stones' were spherical stones that could communicate with each other and give visual impressions to a skilled remote user. These stones were divided originally between [[Elendil]] and his two sons. They were usually heavily guarded and under the control of the kings. There were seven of these stones in total, with three of them assigned to the northern kingdom, with the other four going to Gondor.<ref name=rings/>{{rp|362}} They were:<br />
<br />
* The [[Elostirion-stone]], kept in the tower of [[Elostirion]]. This was used to communicate with The Master Stone in [[Tol Eressëa]], the Lonely Isle of the Elves, along the [[Straight Road]]. It could not contact the other Middle-Earth stones.<br />
* The [[Amon Sûl-stone]], kept in the watchtower of [[Weathertop|Amon Sûl]]. A large stone, it was often used to contact its corresponding large stone in Gondor, at the great dome in [[Osgiliath]].<br />
* The [[Annúminas-stone]], kept in Arnor's capital city of [[Annúminas]]. Though one of the lesser stones, it was the stone most often used by the [[Kings of Arnor]].<br />
==History==<br />
<!--"Events" in Eriador infobox links here--><br />
=== Early History ===<br />
Before the foundation of Arnor [[Eriador]] was home to [[Middle Men]] of [[Edain]] stock. A sizable [[Númenóreans]] population was formed, a result of the slow emigration that started under [[Tar-Meneldur]] and [[Tar-Aldarion]]. The early colonists soon interbred with the indigenous population of Eriador, favoured over the more southern regions (Gondor) because the [[Elves of Lindon]] under [[Gil-galad]] lived near it across the river [[Lhûn]].<ref name=rings>{{S|Rings}}</ref>{{rp|360}} Conversely, the [[King's Men]] settled more to the south in the later days. This led to a situation where [[Elendil]] arrived in an area populated by people who were mainly still [[Faithful]] and [[Elf-friends]]; and unlike, [[Gondor]] to the south, in Arnor much knowledge of the [[Elder Days]] was preserved.<br />
<br />
[[File:Steven White Jr. - Ann18.jpg|left|220px|thumb|Steven White, Jr. - ''Palace Complex at Annúminas'']]<br />
Elendil and his people reached Eriador sailing into the [[Gulf of Lune]]; they were aided by [[High King of the Noldor]] [[Gil-galad]] and his people, and his ships sailed up the [[Lune]] river. Gil-galad even built the [[Emyn Beraid]] for Elendil.<ref name=rings/> Elendil established the city of [[Annúminas]] as his capital. Arnor was founded at the end of the [[Second Age]] ({{SA|3320}}) by [[Elendil]], whose sons founded [[Gondor]] at the same time. The history of the [[Two Kingdoms|two kingdoms]] is intertwined; both kingdoms are known as the Realms of the [[Dúnedain]] in exile. <br />
<br />
=== [[War of the Last Alliance]] ===<br />
<br />
[[File:The Lord of the Rings - The Motion Picture Trilogy - Isildur 2.jpg|right|220px|thumb|''Isildur'' in Peter Jackson's ''Fellowship of the Ring'']]<br> At the end of the Second Age, Arnor allied itself with Noldorin High King [[Gil-galad]] in a great alliance opposing Sauron, the [[Last Alliance of Elves and Men]]. In conjunction with southern forces from Gondor, they confronted Sauron's armies in the [[War of the Last Alliance]]. This war was fought over a period of several years on the [[Battle of Dagorlad|Dagorlad plain]] and in Mordor itself, at the [[Siege of Barad-dûr]]. Both [[Elendil]] and his son [[Anárion]] were slain in this conflict, but [[Isildur]] cut the One Ring from Sauron's finger and prevailed. [[Elrond]], Gil-galad's herald, urged Isildur to cast it into Mount Doom and destroy it, but Isildur refused, and the Ring survived. Arnor suffered heavy casualties in the war, and some parts of the land were partially depopulated.<ref>''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'', [[Appendix A]], p. 1018.</ref> <br />
<br />
Arnor's second king was [[Isildur]] who was also King of [[Gondor]]). He was killed in {{TA|2}} by [[Orcs]] in the disastrous [[Disaster of the Gladden Fields]]. His three eldest sons were killed with him, but the fourth and youngest, [[Valandil (King of Arnor)|Valandil]], who had remained at [[Rivendell]] due to his youth, became king of Arnor. [[Isildur]] also lost [[the One Ring]] at this time, when it slipped off his finger as he tried to escape pursuing Orcs. Arnor never fully recovered from the devastating loss of manpower it suffered in the war against Sauron.<br />
<br />
Because [[Valandil (King of Arnor)|Valandil]] and his heirs did not claim the throne of [[Gondor]] the realms were split, but Arnor's ruler kept the title [[High King of the Dúnedain|High King]], whereas in the south the ruler was 'just' King.<br />
<br />
=== Decline and Breakup ===<br />
<br />
{{Transcribed|Tengwar Arnor.png|Arnor|Tengwar, Sindarin mode}}<br />
Arnor's capital was [[Annúminas]] on [[Lake Evendim]], but by {{TA|861}} [[Fornost Erain]] had taken its place. No longer a site of such importance, Annúminas became depopulated and was slowly abandoned.<br />
<br />
<br>After the death of its tenth king, [[Eärendur (King of Arnor)|Eärendur]], in {{TA|861}}, Arnor was shaken by civil war between his three sons. The eldest, [[Amlaith]], claimed Kingship over all Arnor but was reduced to only ruling the region of Arthedain as his kingdom, while the other sons founded the breakaway kingdoms of [[Cardolan]] and [[Rhudaur]].<br />
<br />
Arnor was refounded ''de jure'' by [[Arthedain|Arthedain's]] king [[Argeleb I]], when [[Cardolan]] placed itself under the suzerainty of Arthedain. However, even Arthedain was eventually destroyed. The people of Arnor were mostly wiped out by the continuing wars, but the [[Hobbits]] survived in [[the Shire]], Men survived in [[Bree]] and probably other villages, and the [[Dúnedain]] of Arnor created new homes in the [[Angle of Eriador|Angle]] south of [[Rivendell]], where some of them became known as the [[Rangers of the North]].<ref name="lotr1018">''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'', [[Appendix A]], p. 1018.</ref><br />
<br />
=== Conflict with Angmar ===<br />
<br />
[[File:Grant Gould - The Witch King.jpg|right|thumb|220px|Eliot Gould - ''The Witch King'']] Arnor's greatest enemy in the north by the middle of the Third Age was Angmar, ruled by the [[Witch-king|Witch King of Angmar]]. During the reign of Malvegil (c. {{TA|1300}}), this new power arose beyond the [[Ettenmoors]]. This land became populated with the Orcs and men of Sauron, and began attacking Rhudaur and Cardolan. Eventually this Witch-king was identified as in fact the chief of Sauron's Ringwraiths. Years later, Argeleb I of [[Arthedain]], reasserted control over [[Cardolan]], and fortified a line along the [[Weather Hills]]. Despite this action, Argeleb fell in battle with Angmar and its ally, [[Rhudaur]]. His son Arveleg, however, counterattacked in conjunction with Cardolan and drove the enemy back. He held this frontier in force for quite some years successfully.<br />
<br />
[[File:BFME2 - Weathertop.jpg|left|220px|thumb|''Weathertop'' from BFME2]] Then in {{TA|1409}}, Angmar crossed the Hoarwell river into Cardolan and attacked again. This time, Weathertop was captured and Arveleg fell in battle. While Amon Sûl fell, the ''palantír'' was recovered and taken to Fornost. While Cardolan was laid waste, Angmar was eventually stopped by Elven forces from [[Lindon]] and [[Rivendell]], where [[Elrond]] countered them.<br />
<br />
=== The [[Great Plague]] ===<br />
<br />
Another threat appeared to the northern successor kingdoms, this time one that swords and spears could not deter. A [[Great Plague|major plague]] began in the east, in the vicinity of the [[Sea of Rhûn]], northeast of [[Mordor]]. After doing great damage in [[Rhovanion]], it struck [[Osgiliath]] in Gondor in {{TA|1636}}, killing [[Telemnar|King Telemnar]] and his family. In seriously affected areas, the plague killed 50% or more of the populace. This plague, which barely affected western Gondor, spread northwards to [[Cardolan]]. <br />
<br />
In Cardolan, it struck severely, wiping out the last of Dúnedain of [[Cardolan]] at the [[Barrow-downs]]. The Witch-king, exploiting the tragedy, sent evil spirits, the [[Barrow-wights]], to infest the area. The Hobbits of the Shire were damaged by it, but not heavily. The plague lost its strength, however, at this point, so that most of [[Arthedain]] was unaffected.<ref name="lotr1023">''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'', [[Appendix A]], p. 1023.</ref><br />
<br />
=== The Fall of Arthedain ===<br />
<!--"See also" in Eriador#Destruction of Arnor links here--><br />
In {{TA|1974}}, the final chapter in [[Arthedain|Arthedain's]] history began. The Witch-king attacked during the harsh winter weather. The capital of [[Fornost]] fell, and the remaining Arnorian forces were driven over the Lune river into Lindon. King [[Arvedui]] was compelled to flee to [[Forochel]], and ask aid of the Snowmen there. His son, [[Aranarth]], journeyed to [[Círdan]] at the Havens to inform him of Arthedain's fall. Círdan responded by sending a ship north to rescue Arvedui. When the [[Snowmen of Forochel]] saw the ship arrive, they were uncomfortable and nervous about the escape plan.<ref name="lotr1018">''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'', [[Appendix A]], p. 1018.</ref> Their chief replied to Arvedui:<br />
{{quote|Do not mount on this sea-monster! If they have them, let the seamen bring us food and other things that we need, and you may stay here till the Witch-king goes home. For in summer his power wanes; but now his breath is deadly, and his cold arm is long.|''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'', [[Appendix A]], p. 1018}}<br />
<br />
It turned out that the Snowmen were right. A storm blew in that night and drove the ice towards the shore, and the ship was crushed and sank, with great loss of life, including King Arvedui. He unfortunately fulfilled [[Malbeth|Malbeth the Seer's]] prophecy about him at his birth that he would be the 'Last king' of Arthedain. So the North-kingdom ended, but the [[Hobbits]] survived in the Shire. They eventually chose a [[Thain]] from among themselves to replace the King, and the first of these was [[Bucca of the Marish]], in {{TA|1979}}.<br />
<br />
=== Showdown with Angmar ===<br />
<br />
Envoys from Arthedain had journeyed to Gondor to ask assistance from the southern Dúnedain in fighting the Witch-king's forces. Gondor, however, was preoccupied with its own threats from the [[Easterlings]], and so could not respond immediately. Gondor had been in a weakened condition since the death of King Ondoher and his two sons in the [[Battle of the Camp]] fighting the Easterlings in {{TA|1944}}. [[Arvedui]] of Arnor tried to claim the southern throne but this claim was rejected by Gondor. [[Eärnil II|Eärnil]], the victorious commander in the above battle and a member of the royal house, claimed the throne, and was confirmed by the Gondorian royal council.<ref name="lotr1023">''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'', [[Appendix A]], p. 1023.</ref><br />
<br />
[[File:Amir Salehi - Servant of Death.jpg|right|220px|thumb|Amir Salehi - ''Servant of Death'']]King Arvedui sent increasingly urgent messages to Gondor about the crisis he faced from Angmar's continuing assaults. [[Eärnil II]] was unable to react quickly due to his need to order Gondor after succeeding to the throne, however. The king sent his son and heir [[Eärnur]] north to the Havens with a powerful fleet. Unfortunately, it was not in time to save [[Arthedain]], and the northern kingdom perished. When Eärnur's naval forces landed in the [[Grey Havens]], they dazzled both Men and Elves with their size and majesty. From these ships debarked the most powerful army seen in the north of Middle-earth in centuries. Círdan's people were quite impressed with the strength of Gondor's army, particularly its [[Gondorian Military Forces#Gondorian Knights and Cavalry Forces|cavalry forces]], dominated by riders from the [[Vales of Anduin]]. [[Círdan]] and Eärnur combined their forces, along with the remnant of Arnor's army, in the greatest joint Elf-Man army since the [[War of the Last Alliance]]; this great [[Host of the West (Arnor)|Host of the West]] re-crossed the River Lune and marched northward.<ref name="lotr1026">''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'', p. 1026.</ref> These allies drove relentlessly toward the Arnorian capital of [[Fornost]], where the Witch-king had occupied the palace complex there.<br />
<br />
=== Angmar is Vanquished ===<br />
<br />
When the Witch-king saw the invading [[Host of the West (Arnor)|Host]], he failed to take it for the serious threat that it in fact was. Instead of awaiting the invaders in the fortress city of Fornost, he confidently marched his forces out to meet them in the open. He expected to defeat them as easily as Arvedui's forces the previous year. But there was an appreciable difference this time-- the ground and naval might of Gondor. The allied Host continued to advance, and instead of establishing a merely defensive position, they attacked him from the [[Hills of Evendim]], and a [[Battle of Fornost|large battle]] broke out. The Witch-king's army could not stand before the allies, however, and began to retreat back towards their capital. Any hopes for an orderly withdrawal were in vain, however. <br />
<br />
[[Gondorian Military Forces#Gondorian Knights and Cavalry Forces|Gondorian cavalry forces]], attacking from the north, routed the forces of Angmar, and put them to flight signalling an end to what became known as the [[Battle of Fornost]]. The Witch-king, in full flight, forsook his new conquests, and made for Angmar. But the cavalry under [[Eärnur]] continued the pursuit and rode down what remained of his forces. To add to his difficulties, an Elven force under [[Glorfindel]] also attacked from [[Rivendell]], and completed his forces' destruction. At the last, the Witch-king charged Eärnur in frustration, but his horse shied away from the evil wraith. As Eärnur once again mastered his horse, Glorfindel uttered his famous prophecy:<br />
{{quote|Do not pursue him! He will not return to this land. Far off yet is his doom, and not by the hand of man will he fall.|''The Lord of the Rings'', [[Appendix A]], p. 1027.}}<br />
This prophecy would not be fulfilled until a thousand years later, at the [[Battle of the Pelennor Fields]].<br />
<br />
=== [[Chieftains of the Dúnedain]] ===<br />
<br />
After the death of King Arvedui, his son, [[Aranarth]], perceived that the northern Dúnedain had become too few to reestablish the realm of [[Arthedain]]. He took his dwindling people and turned them into wanderers who traveled from place to place in [[Eriador]]. Instead of calling himself a king or prince, he assumed the title [[Chieftains of the Dúnedain|Chieftain]]. Through them the royal line of Arnor was maintained successfully for a thousand years until the refounding of Arnor in {{FoA|1}}. Aranarth brought his son [[Arahael]] to [[Rivendell]] and gave him to [[Elrond]] for safekeeping until he was grown. This became a tradition that was followed through the rest of the Third Age. Also brought to Elrond were the heirlooms of the House of Elendil: the [[Sceptre of Annúminas]], the [[Ring of Barahir]], the shards of [[Narsil]], and the [[Star of Elendil]].<ref name="lotr1018">''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'', [[Appendix A]], p. 1018.</ref><br />
<br />
So the Dúnedain survived in the shadows, waiting for a better day when the kingdom of Arnor would be reborn. There were sixteen Chieftains in direct descent, with [[Aragorn|Aragorn Elessar]] being the last. There were many perils in Eriador in that time, and many of the Chieftains died premature deaths. One of these was Aragorn II's father, [[Arathorn II]], who was slain by Orcs raiding the area.<br />
<br />
=== [[War of the Ring]] ===<br />
<br />
The Kingdom of Arnor had been fallen for a thousand years by the time the [[War of the Ring]] broke out, but northern forces did participate in the War. [[Aragorn|Aragorn II]] was a [[Rangers of the North|Dúnedain Ranger of the North]], and there were several hundred of them operating during the conflict. A company of this group accompanied Aragorn through the [[Paths of the Dead]] and during the attack on [[Umbar]] which captured the Corsair fleet. They participated at the last battle, fighting under his banner, at the [[Battle of the Morannon]], where [[Sauron]] was finally thrown down.<br />
<br />
There was conflict in other areas of the North. There were three different invasions of [[Lothlórien]], which were thrown back by the Elven army under [[Celeborn]] and [[Thranduil]]. Finally, Celeborn led an attack resulting in the [[Fall of Dol Guldur|capture of Dol Guldur]] and put an end to Sauron's northern threat.<br />
<br />
There was also a battle fought in [[the Shire]], between Saruman's [[Ruffians]] and [[Hobbits|Hobbit]] militia forces. This was the last battle fought in the [[War of the Ring]], and resulted in the death of Saruman and the death or capture of his followers. This became known as the [[Battle of Bywater]], and represents the Hobbit contribution to the War.<ref name="lotr992-996">''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'', [[The Scouring of the Shire]], pp. 992-996.</ref><br />
<br />
== Restoration and the [[Reunited Kingdom]] ==<br />
<br />
[[File:Rowena Morrill - The Last Steward of Gondor.jpg|left|220px|thumb|Rowena Morrill - ''The Last Steward of Gondor'']]Faramir, son of Denethor II the last Ruling Steward, presented his rod of office to the new king, and received it back from him. [[Aragorn|Aragorn II]] then was crowned by [[Gandalf]] as [[Aragorn|King Elessar]], refounded the Kingdom of Arnor as part of the [[Reunited Kingdom]], and made [[Annúminas]] his new capital city.<ref name="lotr1019">''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'', [[Appendix A]], p. 1019.</ref> He was wed to the Elven princess Arwen, who became [[Arwen|Queen Evenstar]] of Arnor and Gondor. After the fall of [[Sauron]] Arnor was safe again for resettlement of Men, and although it remained less populated than [[Gondor]] to the south, in time Arnor became a more densely populated region again, even if it had dwindled in size due to the independence of [[the Shire]]. The area encompassed by the Reunited Kingdom now encompassed the territory of the [[Two Kingdoms]] at their greatest extent. In the North, this included all the land between the [[Lune|River Lune]] and the [[Misty Mountains]], and in the South included all the land between Dunland in the west, to the [[Far Harad]] southwards, to [[Rhûn]] in the east. The reborn kingdom continued on into the Fourth Age, with [[Eldarion]] eventually succeeding his father to the throne of this now empire-sized state.<br />
<br />
== Languages ==<br />
<br />
Many people in Arnor were of Númenórean stock. However, aside from the Exiles, most had long since mingled with non-Númenórean peoples; the predominant language spoken by them was [[Westron]].<ref>{{App|F}}</ref> At least some of the population, especially the upper classes, were fluent in [[Sindarin]], while [[Quenya]] was studied as a language of lore. Many early place names and the names of the [[House of Isildur|royal house]] were Quenya, but by the 8th century of the [[Third Age]], Quenya had given way to Sindarin.<br />
<br />
== Etymology ==<br />
<br />
'''''Arnor''''' was the colloquial name for the '''North Kingdom'''. The North Kingdom, as the land was called at its conception, was also known as ''Turmen Follondiéva'' in [[Quenya]] and ''Arthor na Forlonnas'' in [[Sindarin]]. These names quickly fell out of use, in favour of ''Arnor'': the ''Land of the King'', so called for the kingship of [[Elendil]], and to seal its precedence over the [[Gondor|southern realm]]. In full, poetic Sindarin, it was called ''Arannor'', which mirrored its Quenya name, '''''Arandórë'''''.<ref>{{PE|17}}, p. 28</ref> Though technically ''Arandórë'' would have a Sindarin form ''Ardor'', [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]] chose ''Arnor'' because it sounded better. This linguistic change was ascribed to a later, Mannish development of Sindarin.<ref name="L347">{{L|347}}</ref><ref>{{HM|RC}}, p. 17</ref> The form '''''Arnanórë''''' is also seen.<ref name="L347" /><br />
<br />
==Portrayal in adaptations==<br />
'''2002: {{tttee}}:'''<br />
:Peter Jackson's movies do not mention the long history of how Arnor and Gondor diverged, nor do they mention Arnor by name. The one passing reference to it is in a scene from the Extended Edition, when Aragorn reveals to Éowyn that he is actually eighty-seven years old. She realises that he must be one of the [[Dúnedain]], a descendant of Númenor blessed with long life, but says that she thought his race had passed into legend. Aragorn acknowledges that he is one of the Dúnedain, and explains that there are not many of his people left, because "the Northern kingdom was destroyed long ago".<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[Kings of Arnor]]<br />
* [[Kings of Gondor]]<br />
* [[Gondor]]<br />
* [[War of the Last Alliance]]<br />
* [[War of the Ring]]<br />
<br />
{{References}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Arnor| ]]<br />
[[Category:Eriador]]<br />
[[Category:Regions]]<br />
[[Category:Sindarin locations]]<br />
<br />
[[de:Arnor]]<br />
[[fi:Arnor]]<br />
[[fr:encyclo/geographie/royaumes/arnor]]</div>108.63.142.187https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Nogrod&diff=299435Nogrod2018-05-20T22:21:58Z<p>108.63.142.187: </p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
{{kingdom<br />
| image=[[File:Mark Fisher - Belegost.gif|250px]]<br />
| name=Nogrod<br />
| pronun=<br />
| othernames=Tumunzahar<br />
| location=[[Blue Mountains]], south-east of [[Dolmed|Mount Dolmed]]<br />
| capital=<br />
| towns=<br />
| regions=<br />
| population=[[Dwarves of Nogrod]]<br />
| language=[[Khuzdul]], [[Sindarin]]<br />
| govern1=[[Lord of Nogrod]]<br />
| govern2=<br />
| govern3=<br />
| currency=<br />
| holiday=<br />
| precededby=<br />
| event1=Founded<br />
| event1date=[[Years of the Trees]]<br />
| event2=Destroyed<br />
| event2date={{FA|587}}<br />
| event3=Abandoned<br />
| event3date={{SA|40}}<br />
| event4=<br />
| event4date=<br />
| event5=<br />
| event5date=<br />
| followedby=<br />
}}<br />
'''Nogrod''' was one of two [[Dwarves|Dwarven]] cities in the [[Ered Luin]] that prospered during the [[First Age]]. It was home to the [[Dwarves of Nogrod]].<br />
<br />
==Description==<br />
Nogrod lay in the north-central part of the mountain range, near [[Dolmed|Mount Dolmed]] where the Dwarf-road of [[Beleriand]] crossed into [[Eriador]].<ref>{{S|Map}}</ref> It guarded one of the only passes through the mountain range.<ref>{{VT|48a}}, p. 24 ("But the Dwarves had built some great Mansions in those mountains [the Ered Luin] (commanding the only passes)")</ref> It was home to the [[Dwarves of Nogrod]]. Nogrod was also the home to the great Dwarven smiths [[Gamil Zirak]] and [[Telchar]].<ref>{{UT|Narn}}, ''The Departure of Túrin''</ref><br />
<br />
==History==<br />
The city was built sometime during the [[Years of the Trees]] when the western [[Fathers of the Dwarves]] awoke from beneath Mount Dolmed.<ref>{{VT|48a}}, p. 24 ("...which had certainly been founded long ago ... before the coming of the exiled Noldor, probably before the Eldar of the Great Journey ever reached Beleriand")</ref><br />
<br />
Nogrod traded with throughout Beleriand and the Dwarves were employed for delvings and crafts, most famously the [[Nauglamir]] for King [[Thingol]].<ref>{{S|Doriath}}</ref> [[Eöl]] the Dark Elf often went there, as did his son [[Maeglin]].<ref name="Sindar">{{S|Sindar}}</ref> <br />
<br />
At the end of the First Age, Nogrod was ruined in the [[War of Wrath]],<ref>{{App|Durin}}</ref> and around the [[Second Age 40|fortieth year]] of the [[Second Age]] the Dwarves of the Blue Mountains began to migrate to [[Moria|Khazad-dûm]], abandoning Nogrod and [[Belegost]].<ref>{{App|SA}}</ref> However, there always remained some Dwarves on the eastern side of the Blue Mountains in days afterward.<ref>{{UT|Concerning}} p. 235</ref><br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
Nogrod is a [[Sindarin]] name; it was originally known as '''Novrod''' which means "hollow delving" aka '''Hollowbold''', like its original Khuzdul name, '''Tumunzahar'''. <br />
<br />
Novrod was altered to ''Naug''rod under the influence of the similar-sounding word ''[[Naug]]'' "dwarf".<ref name=el/> Therefore while the name '''Hollowbold''' is provided as the translation of Nogrod<ref>{{S|Index}}</ref> it is not a literal translation; the new name means rather "Dwarf dwelling".<ref>{{HM|Guide}}, entry "Nogrod"</ref><br />
<br />
The second element of Novrod/Nogrod is Sindarin ''groth/grod'' meaning "delving, underground dwelling".<ref name=el>{{S|Elements}}</ref> <br />
<br />
In ''[[The Etymologies]]'' the name is labelled as [[Noldorin]] and is said to contain the element ''[[Naug]]'' "dwarf". The second element ''-rod'' is not explained, but a note by [[Christopher Tolkien]] points to entry [[ROD]], an etymological [[root]] meaning "cave". Relevant Noldorin words include ''rhond'' "cave" and ''rhaud'' "hollow, cavernous".<ref>{{LR|Etymologies}}, entries NAUK, ROD</ref><br />
<br />
Its name in [[Khuzdul]] was ''[[Tumunzahar]]'' (meaning "Hollowbold"),<ref name="Sindar"/> and its [[Quenya]] name was ''Návarot''.<ref>{{WJ|AB}}, p. 389</ref><br />
<br />
{{references}}<br />
[[Category:Beleriand]]<br />
[[Category:Eriador]]<br />
[[Category:Cities, towns and villages]]<br />
[[Category:Dwarven realms]]<br />
<br />
[[de:Nogrod]]<br />
[[fi:Nogrod]]<br />
[[fr:encyclo/geographie/villes_tours_et_forteresses/beleriand/nogrod]]</div>108.63.142.187https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Dwarves_of_Belegost&diff=299434Dwarves of Belegost2018-05-20T22:14:46Z<p>108.63.142.187: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{sources}}<br />
{{people infobox<br />
| name=Dwarves of Belegost<br />
| image=<br />
| caption=<br />
| pronun=<br />
| othernames=<br />
| origin=<br />
| location=[[Belegost]], [[Blue Mountains]]<br />
| affiliation=<br />
| rivalry=<br />
| language=[[Khuzdul]], [[Sindarin]]<br />
| members=[[Azaghâl]]<br />
| lifespan=c. 250 years<br />
| distinctions=<br />
| height=Five feet or less<br />
| hair=<br />
| skin=<br />
| clothing=<br />
| weapons=<br />
}}<br />
The '''Dwarves of Belegost''' were a people of [[Dwarves]] who dwelt in the city of Belegost, the northernmost of the two great Dwarf-cities that stood in the Blue Mountains during the [[First Age]]. <br />
<br />
They had generally better relations with the [[Elves]] than their neighbors in [[Nogrod]], and were behind the building of [[Menegroth]]. The Dwarves of Belegost were friends to the [[Sindar]]<ref name="Sindar">{{S|Sindar}}</ref> and later allies of the [[Noldor]] of [[Beleriand]].<ref>{{S|Noldor}}</ref> They first met the [[Noldor]] Elves near [[Rerir|Mount Rerir]] and a great friendship began between the two peoples; [[Maedhros]] once saved Lord [[Azaghâl]] from an [[Orcs|Orc]]-assault.<ref>{{UT|Narn}}, p. 75</ref> They joined the [[Union of Maedhros]] and fought bravely beside each other during the [[Nirnaeth Arnoediad]], where they lost their ruler Lord [[Azaghâl]] in battle to the dragon [[Glaurung]].<br />
<br />
When the [[Dwarves of Nogrod]] assembled a great host of Dwarves to attack [[Doriath]], the Dwarves of Belegost tried to dissuade them from war, but their brethren from Nogrod did not heed their advice. These dwarves went on to fight in the [[Battle of the Thousand Caves]],<ref>{{S|Doriath}}</ref> and later met their demise the [[Battle of Sarn Athrad]]. After this tragedy the Dwarves of Belegost started leaving for [[Moria|Khazad-dûm]], for fear of reprisal from the Elves. There was much loathing between Elf and Dwarf from there on.<ref>{{UT|Concerning}}, p. 235</ref><br />
<br />
Belegost was later ruined in the [[War of Wrath]], and most of the dwarves left for Khazad-dûm. Some stayed to build, or rebuild, new homes and mines, along with the remaining [[Dwarves of Nogrod]]. However, Belegost seems to have been mostly abandoned.<br />
<br />
In smithing, the Dwarves of Belegost were second only to the Dwarves of Nogrod. They learned many secrets in smithing from the Elves, and Elves from the Dwarves. They created many weapons for the Elves when evil began to stir in [[Beleriand]], and the smiths of Belegost were the first to create linked ring mail. <br />
<br />
The essay ''Of Dwarves and Men'' in volume 12 of ''The History of Middle-earth'' mentions that the Dwarf-cities of Nogrod and Belegost were occupied by the [[Firebeards]] and [[Broadbeams]]. That source is not specific about which division of the Dwarves lived in which city, but based on the order of words used, the Dwarves of Belegost most likely derived from the Broadbeam line.<br />
<br />
==Portrayal in adaptations==<br />
'''1982-97: ''[[Middle-earth Role Playing]]'':'''<br />
: The Dwarves of Belegost are called '''Thrár's Tribe'''.<ref>{{ICE|8004}}</ref><ref>[[Thomas Morwinsky]], "A Brief History of the Dwarven Mansions", in ''[[Other Minds]]'' issue 4 (July 2008)</ref><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[Dwarves of Nogrod]]<br />
<br />
{{References}}<br />
[[Category:Dwarven peoples]]<br />
[[de:Belegost]]<br />
[[fi:Belegost]]</div>108.63.142.187https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Azagh%C3%A2l&diff=299433Azaghâl2018-05-20T22:08:19Z<p>108.63.142.187: </p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
{{dwarves infobox<br />
| name=Azaghâl<br />
| image=[[File:Jenny Dolfen - Azaghal.jpg|250px]]<br />
| caption="Azaghâl" by [[Jenny Dolfen]]<br />
| pronun=<br />
| othernames=<br />
| titles=[[Lord of Belegost]]<br />
| position=<br />
| location=[[Belegost]]<br />
| affiliation=[[Union of Maedhros]]<br />
| language=<br />
| birth=<br />
| birthlocation=<br />
| rule=<br />
| death={{FA|472}}<br />
| deathlocation=[[Nirnaeth Arnoediad]]<br />
| age=<br />
| notablefor=<br />
| house=Possibly [[Broadbeams]]<br />
| parentage=<br />
| siblings=<br />
| spouse=<br />
| children=<br />
| gender=Male<br />
| height=<br />
| hair=<br />
| eyes=<br />
| clothing=<br />
| weapons=Axe and knife<br />
| steed=<br />
}}<br />
'''Azaghâl''' was the Lord of the [[Dwarves of Belegost]] during the [[First Age]]. <br />
<br />
==History==<br />
===Early History===<br />
While traveling on the [[Dwarf-road of Beleriand|Dwarf-road]] in [[East Beleriand]], Azaghâl was waylaid by [[Orcs]]; [[Maedhros]] came to his rescue saving his life and treasure, and as a token of gratitude, the Dwarf king gave him his [[Dragon-helm of Dor-lómin|helm]] made by [[Telchar]].<ref>{{UT|Narn}}, p. 75</ref><br />
<br />
===Union of Maedhros===<br />
Azaghâl and his Dwarves joined the [[Union of Maedhros]] and during the [[Nirnaeth Arnoediad]] the [[Dwarves of Belegost]] covered the retreat of the [[Sons of Fëanor]] by surrounding the Dragon [[Glaurung]]. They hewed at him with their axes, for his scales were not strong enough to shield him from the blows of Dwarven axes. In his rage Glaurung struck down Azaghâl, and crawled over him. With his last breath Azaghâl drove a knife into Glaurung's belly, so wounded him that he fled the field with many of the dismayed beasts of [[Angband]] following. <br />
[[File:Joona Kujanen - The Fall of Azaghal.jpg|thumb|left|Joona Kujanen - ''The Fall of Azaghal'']]<br />
The Dwarves raised up the body of their lord and bore him away; and with slow steps they walked behind singing a dirge in deep voices, as it were a funeral pomp in their country, and gave no heed to their foes; and none dared attack them.<ref>{{S|Fifth}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
''Azaghâl'' is one of the few [[Khuzdul]] names known. It is not determined whether this was his birthname or an epithet. Its meaning is not known, but it has been argued that it is of the same [[Sundocarmë|Root]] as the [[Adûnaic]] verb ''[[azgara]]'', "to wage war" and even perhaps ''[[Azog]]''. ''Azaghâl'' would then mean "warrior".<ref>http://lalaith.vpsurf.de/Tolkien/Fr_Atani.html</ref><br />
<br />
{{references}}<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Azaghal}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]<br />
[[Category:Dwarves]]<br />
[[Category:First Age characters]]<br />
[[Category:Khuzdul words]]<br />
[[de:Azaghâl]]<br />
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/nains/1a/azaghal]]<br />
[[fi:Azaghâl]]</div>108.63.142.187https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Eldarion&diff=299426Eldarion2018-05-20T15:55:58Z<p>108.63.142.187: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{gondorian infobox<br />
| name=Eldarion<br />
| image=[[File:The Lord of the Rings - The Return of the King - Eldarion.jpg|250px]]<br />
| caption=Eldarion from ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]]''<br />
| pronun=<br />
| othernames=<br />
| titles=King of the [[Reunited Kingdom]]<br />
| position=<br />
| location=[[Gondor]] and [[Arnor]]<br />
| affiliation=<br />
| language=[[Westron]]<br />
| birth=Early [[Fourth Age]]<br />
| birthlocation=<br />
| rule={{FoA|120}} - <br />
| death=''Unknown''<br />
| deathlocation=<br />
| age=<br />
| notablefor=<br />
| house=[[House of Telcontar]]<br />
| parentage=[[Aragorn|Elessar]] & [[Arwen]]<br />
| siblings=At least 2 sisters<ref>{{App|Tale}}</ref><br />
| spouse=<br />
| children=<br />
| gender=Male<br />
| height=<br />
| hair=<br />
| eyes=<br />
| clothing=<br />
| weapons=[[Andúril]]<br />
| steed=<br />
}}'''Eldarion''' ([[Quenya|Q]], pron. {{IPA|[elˈdari.on]}}) was the son of [[Arwen]] and [[Aragorn|Elessar]]. His birth marked the reunion of the lines of [[Eärendil]]'s sons [[Elros]] (through Aragorn) and [[Elrond]] (through Arwen) separated for millennia. Also, he represented (through [[Galadriel]]) the union of the [[Edain|Three Houses of the Edain]] with the ancient [[House of Finarfin]].<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
Eldarion became the second King of the [[Reunited Kingdom]] after the death of his father Elessar in {{FoA|120}}. He was also recorded to have several sisters.<ref>{{App|Tale}}</ref><br />
<br />
A hundred-and-five years after the fall of the [[Barad-dûr|Dark Tower]], he encountered a renewal of [[Morgoth]]-worship during his reign.<ref>{{PM|Shadow}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
His name in [[Quenya]] means "Scion of the [[Eldar]]". In [[Letter 338]], [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] spelled this name '''Eldaron''', this is probably a typographic error.<ref>{{L|338}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Genealogy ==<br />
{{familytree/start}}<br />
{{familytree | EAR |y| ELW | | GAL |y| CEL |GAL=[[Galadriel]]|CEL=[[Celeborn]]|EAR=[[Eärendil]]|ELW=[[Elwing]]}}<br />
{{familytree | | | |)|-|-|-|.| | | |!| | | |}}<br />
{{familytree | | | ROS | | RON |y| CLB | | |ROS=[[Elros]]|RON=[[Elrond]]|CLB=[[Celebrían]] }}<br />
{{familytree | | | |:| | | | | |!| | | | | |}}<br />
{{familytree | | | KON | | | | |!| | | | | |KON=<small>''[[Kings of Númenor]]''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree | | | |:| | | | | |!| | | | | |}}<br />
{{familytree | | | LOA | | | | |!| | | | | |LOA=<small>''[[Lords of Andúnië]]''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree | | | |:| | | | | |!| | | | | |}}<br />
{{familytree | | | ELE | | | | |!| | | | | |ELE=[[Elendil]]}}<br />
{{familytree | |,|-|^|-|.| | | |!| | | | | |}}<br />
{{familytree | ISI | | ANA | | |!| | | | | |ISI=[[Isildur]]|ANA=[[Anárion]]}}<br />
{{familytree | |:| | | |:| | | |!| | | | | |}}<br />
{{familytree | KOA | | KOG | | |!| | | | | |KOA=<small>''[[Kings of Arnor]]''</small>|KOG=<small>''[[Kings of Gondor]]''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree | |:| | | |:| | | |!| | | | | |}}<br />
{{familytree | KOA | | OND | | |!| | | | | |OND=[[Ondoher]]|KOA=<small>''[[Kings of Arthedain]]''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree | |:| | | |!| | | |!| | | | | |}}<br />
{{familytree | ARV |y| FIR | | |!| | | | | |ARV=[[Arvedui]]|FIR=[[Fíriel]]}}<br />
{{familytree | | | |:| | | | | |!| | | | | |}}<br />
{{familytree | | | COD | | | | |!| | | | | |COD=<small>''[[Chieftains of the Dúnedain]]''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree | | | |:| | | | | |!| | | | | |}}<br />
{{familytree | | | ART |y| GIL |!| | | | | |ART=[[Arathorn II]]|GIL=[[Gilraen]]}}<br />
{{familytree | | | | | |!| | | |!| | | | | |}}<br />
{{familytree | | | | | ARA |y| ARW | | | | |ARA=[[Aragorn|Aragorn II]]|ARW=[[Arwen]]}}<br />
{{familytree | | | | | |,|-|^|-|.| | | | | |}}<br />
{{familytree | | | | | ELD | | SDS | | | | |ELD='''ELDARION'''|SDS=''several sisters''}}<br />
{{familytree/end}}<br />
==Portrayal in adaptations==<br />
'''2003: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]]'':'''<br />
:While Arwen is on her way to the [[Grey Havens]] to leave Middle-earth and Aragorn, she has a vision of her future son (not named until the credits), which persuades her to stay. The boy is played by [[Sadwyn Brophy]], son of [[Jed Brophy]].<br />
{{references}}<br />
{{seq-start}}<br />
{{seq-head<br />
| race=gondorian<br />
| house=[[House of Telcontar]]<small><br/>Continuation of the senior branch of the [[House of Isildur]]</small><br />
}}<br />
{{seq<br />
| prev=[[Aragorn|Elessar]]<br />
| prow=4<br />
| list=35th [[Kings of Gondor|King of Gondor]]<br />
| dates={{FoA|120}} - ?<br />
| next=Unknown<br />
| nrow=4<br />
}}<br />
{{seq<br />
| list=12th [[Kings of Arnor|King of Arnor]]<br />
| dates={{FoA|120}} - ?<br />
}}<br />
{{seq<br />
| list=2nd [[High King of the Dúnedain|High King]] of the [[Reunited Kingdom]]<br />
| dates={{FoA|120}} - ?<br />
}}<br />
{{seq<br />
| list=Head of the [[House of Telcontar]]<br />
| dates={{FoA|120}} - ?<br />
}}<br />
{{seq-end}}<br />
{{northernline}}<br />
{{southernline}}<br />
[[Category:Fourth Age characters]]<br />
[[Category:Gondorians]]<br />
[[Category:House of Telcontar]]<br />
[[Category:Rulers of Arnor]]<br />
[[Category:Rulers of Gondor]]<br />
[[Category:Quenya names]]<br />
[[de:Eldarion]]<br />
[[fr:encyclo:personnages:hommes:4a:gondoriens:eldarion]]<br />
[[fi:Eldarion]]</div>108.63.142.187https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Eldarion&diff=299425Eldarion2018-05-20T15:51:27Z<p>108.63.142.187: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{gondorian infobox<br />
| name=Eldarion<br />
| image=[[File:The Lord of the Rings - The Return of the King - Eldarion.jpg|250px]]<br />
| caption=Eldarion from ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]]''<br />
| pronun=<br />
| othernames=<br />
| titles=King of the [[Reunited Kingdom]]<br />
| position=<br />
| location=[[Gondor]] and [[Arnor]]<br />
| affiliation=<br />
| language=[[Westron]]<br />
| birth=Early [[Fourth Age]]<br />
| birthlocation=<br />
| rule={{FoA|120}} - <br />
| death=''Unknown''<br />
| deathlocation=<br />
| age=<br />
| notablefor=<br />
| house=[[House of Telcontar]]<br />
| parentage=[[Aragorn|Elessar]] & [[Arwen]]<br />
| siblings=At least 2 sisters<br />
| spouse=<br />
| children=<br />
| gender=Male<br />
| height=<br />
| hair=<br />
| eyes=<br />
| clothing=<br />
| weapons=[[Andúril]]<br />
| steed=<br />
}}'''Eldarion''' ([[Quenya|Q]], pron. {{IPA|[elˈdari.on]}}) was the son of [[Arwen]] and [[Aragorn|Elessar]]. His birth marked the reunion of the lines of [[Eärendil]]'s sons [[Elros]] (through Aragorn) and [[Elrond]] (through Arwen) separated for millennia. Also, he represented (through [[Galadriel]]) the union of the [[Edain|Three Houses of the Edain]] with the ancient [[House of Finarfin]].<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
Eldarion became the second King of the [[Reunited Kingdom]] after the death of his father Elessar in {{FoA|120}}. He was also recorded to have several sisters.<ref>{{App|Tale}}</ref><br />
<br />
A hundred-and-five years after the fall of the [[Barad-dûr|Dark Tower]], he encountered a renewal of [[Morgoth]]-worship during his reign.<ref>{{PM|Shadow}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
His name in [[Quenya]] means "Scion of the [[Eldar]]". In [[Letter 338]], [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] spelled this name '''Eldaron''', this is probably a typographic error.<ref>{{L|338}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Genealogy ==<br />
{{familytree/start}}<br />
{{familytree | EAR |y| ELW | | GAL |y| CEL |GAL=[[Galadriel]]|CEL=[[Celeborn]]|EAR=[[Eärendil]]|ELW=[[Elwing]]}}<br />
{{familytree | | | |)|-|-|-|.| | | |!| | | |}}<br />
{{familytree | | | ROS | | RON |y| CLB | | |ROS=[[Elros]]|RON=[[Elrond]]|CLB=[[Celebrían]] }}<br />
{{familytree | | | |:| | | | | |!| | | | | |}}<br />
{{familytree | | | KON | | | | |!| | | | | |KON=<small>''[[Kings of Númenor]]''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree | | | |:| | | | | |!| | | | | |}}<br />
{{familytree | | | LOA | | | | |!| | | | | |LOA=<small>''[[Lords of Andúnië]]''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree | | | |:| | | | | |!| | | | | |}}<br />
{{familytree | | | ELE | | | | |!| | | | | |ELE=[[Elendil]]}}<br />
{{familytree | |,|-|^|-|.| | | |!| | | | | |}}<br />
{{familytree | ISI | | ANA | | |!| | | | | |ISI=[[Isildur]]|ANA=[[Anárion]]}}<br />
{{familytree | |:| | | |:| | | |!| | | | | |}}<br />
{{familytree | KOA | | KOG | | |!| | | | | |KOA=<small>''[[Kings of Arnor]]''</small>|KOG=<small>''[[Kings of Gondor]]''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree | |:| | | |:| | | |!| | | | | |}}<br />
{{familytree | KOA | | OND | | |!| | | | | |OND=[[Ondoher]]|KOA=<small>''[[Kings of Arthedain]]''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree | |:| | | |!| | | |!| | | | | |}}<br />
{{familytree | ARV |y| FIR | | |!| | | | | |ARV=[[Arvedui]]|FIR=[[Fíriel]]}}<br />
{{familytree | | | |:| | | | | |!| | | | | |}}<br />
{{familytree | | | COD | | | | |!| | | | | |COD=<small>''[[Chieftains of the Dúnedain]]''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree | | | |:| | | | | |!| | | | | |}}<br />
{{familytree | | | ART |y| GIL |!| | | | | |ART=[[Arathorn II]]|GIL=[[Gilraen]]}}<br />
{{familytree | | | | | |!| | | |!| | | | | |}}<br />
{{familytree | | | | | ARA |y| ARW | | | | |ARA=[[Aragorn|Aragorn II]]|ARW=[[Arwen]]}}<br />
{{familytree | | | | | |,|-|^|-|.| | | | | |}}<br />
{{familytree | | | | | ELD | | SDS | | | | |ELD='''ELDARION'''|SDS=''several sisters''}}<br />
{{familytree/end}}<br />
==Portrayal in adaptations==<br />
'''2003: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]]'':'''<br />
:While Arwen is on her way to the [[Grey Havens]] to leave Middle-earth and Aragorn, she has a vision of her future son (not named until the credits), which persuades her to stay. The boy is played by [[Sadwyn Brophy]], son of [[Jed Brophy]].<br />
{{references}}<br />
{{seq-start}}<br />
{{seq-head<br />
| race=gondorian<br />
| house=[[House of Telcontar]]<small><br/>Continuation of the senior branch of the [[House of Isildur]]</small><br />
}}<br />
{{seq<br />
| prev=[[Aragorn|Elessar]]<br />
| prow=4<br />
| list=35th [[Kings of Gondor|King of Gondor]]<br />
| dates={{FoA|120}} - ?<br />
| next=Unknown<br />
| nrow=4<br />
}}<br />
{{seq<br />
| list=12th [[Kings of Arnor|King of Arnor]]<br />
| dates={{FoA|120}} - ?<br />
}}<br />
{{seq<br />
| list=2nd [[High King of the Dúnedain|High King]] of the [[Reunited Kingdom]]<br />
| dates={{FoA|120}} - ?<br />
}}<br />
{{seq<br />
| list=Head of the [[House of Telcontar]]<br />
| dates={{FoA|120}} - ?<br />
}}<br />
{{seq-end}}<br />
{{northernline}}<br />
{{southernline}}<br />
[[Category:Fourth Age characters]]<br />
[[Category:Gondorians]]<br />
[[Category:House of Telcontar]]<br />
[[Category:Rulers of Arnor]]<br />
[[Category:Rulers of Gondor]]<br />
[[Category:Quenya names]]<br />
[[de:Eldarion]]<br />
[[fr:encyclo:personnages:hommes:4a:gondoriens:eldarion]]<br />
[[fi:Eldarion]]</div>108.63.142.187https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Easterlings&diff=299424Easterlings2018-05-20T15:44:15Z<p>108.63.142.187: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{people infobox<br />
| name=Easterlings<br />
| image=[[File:John Howe - Easterlings.jpg|250px]]<br />
| caption="Easterlings" by [[John Howe]]<br />
| pronun=<br />
| othernames=<br />
| origin=<br />
| location=lands east of and including [[Rhûn]]; [[Rhovanion]]; [[March of Maedhros]]; [[Hithlum]]<br />
| affiliation=[[Sauron]]<br />
| rivalry=<br />
| language=[[Westron]], and several different Eastern tongues<br />
| members=[[Khamûl]], [[Easterlings (First Age)]] ([[Brodda]], [[Lorgan]], [[Ulfang]], [[Uldor]], [[Ulfast]], [[Ulwarth]], [[Bór]], [[Borlach]], [[Borlad]], [[Borthand]])<br />
| lifespan=<br />
| distinctions=Use of the war-wagons ([[Wainriders]] and [[Balchoth]])<br />
| height=<br />
| hair=Dark<br />
| skin=Swarthy in the [[First Age]]<br />
| clothing=<br />
| weapons=<br />
}}<br />
The '''Easterlings''' were [[Men]] who lived in the [[East]] of [[Middle-earth]], and were enemies of the [[Free peoples]]. <br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
In the [[First Age]], Men [[Awakening of Men|awoke]] in [[Hildórien]] in the [[East]]. Some of them were early corrupted by [[Morgoth]], prompting others (the [[Edain]]) to migrate westwards.<ref name=dm>{{PM|Dwarves}}</ref><br />
<br />
Centuries later, after [[Dagor Bragollach]], tribes of [[Men]] joined the Edain in [[Beleriand]], long after their arrival. These [[Easterlings (First Age)|Swarthy Men]] came from the east, probably [[Eriador]] and were also called "Easterlings". Two of their leaders were [[Bór]] and [[Ulfang]].<ref>{{S|Fingolfin}}</ref><br />
<br />
[[File:Easterling.jpg|thumb|right|An Easterling in ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers]]'']]<br />
In the [[Second Age]] [[Sauron]] escaped the judgment of the [[Valar]] and continued his former master's work, turning the Men of the [[East]] and [[South]] to evil and dominating them. Under the authority of the Dark Lord, many towns and walls of stone were built, and those under his influence became numerous and armed with iron. To these men, Sauron was feared as a king and god.<ref name=dm/><ref name=rings>{{S|Rings}}</ref> During the [[Dark Years]] Sauron dominated most of the [[Westlands]], and when Sauron was driven back to [[Mordor]], he continued his expansions eastwards gaining servants and worshippers.<ref name=dm/><ref>{{UT|Amroth}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Third Age===<br />
After Sauron's defeat in the [[War of the Last Alliance]], these "Wild Men" were released by his tyranny but they still had [[The Darkness|darkness]] in their hearts. Evil and restless, they battled against each other and some withdrew to the hated west.<ref>{{UT|6b}}</ref> Thus they encountered the lands of [[Gondor]] and since then, tribes brought trouble periodically with several attacks and migrations. Even [[Northmen]] often assailed Gondor for a long time.<ref>{{TT|IV5}}</ref><br />
<br />
Easterlings often attacked Gondor from the plains between the [[Sea of Rhûn]] and the [[Ash Mountains]]. They first enter the records of [[Gondor]] in {{TA|490}} and [[Tarostar]] managed a first victory against them in {{TA|500}}. In {{TA|541}} they invaded [[Ithilien]] but [[Turambar (King of Gondor)|Turambar of Gondor]] destroyed the horde and conquered a new territory in [[Rhûn]] for Gondor.<ref name=gondor/><br />
<br />
In the following centuries the Easterlings cease, while Gondor was free to extend its borders to [[South Gondor|the south]]. That was until the days of [[Narmacil I]] when the Easterlings resumed their attacks, even some greedy Northmen oined them. In {{TA|1248}} an Easterling army marched in the lands between [[Rhovanion]] and the [[Sea of Rhûn]]. Forces from Gondor - aided by Northmen of [[Rhovanion]] - defeated them and destroyed their camps and settlements east of the Inland Sea.<ref name=gondor/><br />
<br />
After this defeat the Easterlings disappeared from the Gondorian records for some period, during which Gondor was again occupied with the south and the [[Corsairs of Umbar]].<br />
<br />
=== The Wainriders ===<br />
During that time tribes of Easterlings form the confederacy known as the '''[[Wainriders]]''' (q.v.) who would trouble the Kingdom and the Northmen.<ref name=gondor>{{App|Gondor}}</ref> <br />
<br />
Gondor was weakened by the [[Great Plague]] and the Wainriders defeated the Gondorian army in {{TA|1856}}, raided the lands of [[Rhovanion]] and enslaved its people. Some of these lands eventually were reclaimed by King [[Calimehtar (King of Gondor)|Calimehtar]]. <br />
<br />
In {{TA|1944}} the Wainriders, allied with the [[Haradrim]] of [[Near Harad]] and the [[Variags]] of [[Khand]], managed a brief victory against Gondor, despite the assistance by the [[Éothéod]]; eventually they were [[Battle of the Camp|defeated]] in their camp during their celebrations. <br />
<br />
After this defeat the might of the Wainriders was broken although still held Rhovanion, and they retreated east. Most importantly, King [[Ondoher]] and both his sons were slain in that assault, an event that led to the extinction for the line of the [[Kings of Gondor]]. <br />
<br />
In {{TA|2063}} the Necromancer (who was actually Sauron) retreated from [[Dol Guldur]] for some centuries. That period was known as the [[Watchful Peace]] for the [[Westlands]], but during that time Sauron retreated to the East and managed to create a strong alliance between the various tribes of Easterlings.<br />
<br />
===The Balchoth===<br />
The '''[[Balchoth]]''' were a fierce race southeast of [[Mirkwood]], under orders of [[Dol Guldur]]<ref name=A1ivS>{{App|A1ivS}}</ref> and no doubt related to the [[Wainriders]].<ref name=cirion/> In {{TA|2510}} they and [[Orcs]] overran the plains of [[Calenardhon]] and almost destroyed the army of Steward [[Cirion]], but were defeated by the [[Éothéod]].<ref name=A1ivS/><ref name=cirion>{{UT|Cirion}}</ref><br />
<br />
In {{TA|2545}} some Easterlings renewed their attacks and entered the new-founded [[Rohan]]. Thus [[Eorl]] fell fighting in [[the Wold]].<ref>{{App|Mark}}</ref><br />
<br />
During these struggles Sauron reclaimed Mordor unnoticed in {{TA|2941}}.<br />
<br />
===Variags of Khand===<br />
The ''Variags'' were from [[Khand]], and they first appeared to the east and south of [[Mordor]] in 1944 of the Third Age, fighting alongside the [[Wainriders]]. They were also present during the [[Battle of the Pelennor Fields]], over a thousand years later. Little was known about them.<br />
<br />
==="Easterlings with axes"===<br />
During the [[War of the Ring]] itself, Easterlings are described as perhaps belonging to more than one culture, plus the Variags of Khand. One group is described as a "new" kind of Easterling that the men of Gondor had previously not encountered: fierce bearded men with axes.<br />
<br />
=== War of the Ring ===<br />
Easterlings serving Mordor fought in the [[War of the Ring]] alongside the [[Haradrim]] and [[Variags]]. They appeared in the [[Battle of the Pelennor Fields]] and the [[Battle of Dale]].<br />
<br />
In the [[Fourth Age]] some Easterlings were subdued by [[Aragorn|King Elessar]] and King [[Éomer]].<ref>{{App|Eorl}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Culture ==<br />
The Easterlings were in general more primitive than [[Gondor]]. They were motivated by [[Sauron]] to hate Gondor and seek its riches. <br />
<br />
Troops mentioned in the Easterling forces aiding Sauron in the Third Age included swordsmen, spearmen, horsemen, mounted archers, and chariots ridden by chieftains.<br />
<br />
The weapons that the Easterlings used were primarily crude, jagged spears, making them especially effective against cavalry, as well as a shorter, odd, glaive-like version used for close combat.<ref name=cirion/> <br />
<br />
Some like the Wainriders and the Balchoth had large chariots, wagons and wains which they used to run their foes down, as well as live in and used to fortify their camps.<ref name=cirion/> During the Battle of the [[Pelennor Fields]], Easterlings were bearded and used axes.<ref>{{RK|V6}}</ref><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[:Category:Images of Easterlings|Images of Easterlings]]<br />
{{references}}<br />
[[Category:Men]]<br />
[[Category:Easterlings]]<br />
[[de:Ostlinge]]<br />
[[fi:Itäläiset]]</div>108.63.142.187https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Mordor&diff=299423Mordor2018-05-20T15:18:46Z<p>108.63.142.187: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{disambig-more|Mordor|[[Mordor (disambiguation)]]}}<br />
{{quote|In the land of Mordor where the shadows lie.|"Verse of the Rings" - ''The Fellowship of the Ring''}}<br />
{{kingdom<br />
| image=[[Image:Ted Nasmith - Across Gorgoroth.jpg|250px]]<br />
| name=Mordor<br />
| pronun=<br />
| othernames=Dark Land<br />
| location=Within [[Ered Lithui]] and [[Ephel Dúath]]<br />
| capital=[[Barad-dûr]]<br />
| towns=[[Minas Morgul]], [[Carchost]], [[Narchost]], [[Tower of Cirith Ungol|Cirith Ungol]], [[Durthang]]<br />
| regions=[[Nurn]], [[Plateau of Gorgoroth|Gorgoroth]], [[Lithlad]], [[Udûn (valley)|Udûn]]<br />
| population=[[Orcs]], [[Trolls]], [[Nazgûl]], [[Men]], other creatures of Evil<br />
| language=[[Westron]], [[Black Speech]], [[Orkish]]<br />
| govern1=[[Sauron]]<br>later ruled by his freed slaves<br />
| govern2=<br />
| govern3=<br />
| currency=<br />
| holiday=<br />
| precededby=<br />
| event1=Established<br />
| event1date=c. {{SA|1000}}<br />
| event2=Defeated<br />
| event2date={{SA|3441}}<br />
| event3=Nazgûl return<br />
| event3date={{TA|1980}}<br />
| event4=Sauron returns<br />
| event4date={{TA|2941}}<br />
| event5=Defeated<br />
| event5date={{TA|3019}}<br />
| followedby=<br />
}}<br />
'''Mordor''' was a land in the south-east of the [[Westlands]] east of [[Gondor]]. During most of the [[Second Age|Second]] and [[Third Age]]s it was ruled by [[Sauron]] and it was his dwelling and base from which he attempted to conquer [[Middle-earth]].<br />
<br />
Mordor was surrounded by three enormous mountain ridges from the North, from the West and from the South, protecting it from an unexpected invasion by any of the [[Free peoples]].<br />
<br />
For but a few times in history, the free peoples had anything to do with Mordor; the [[Last Alliance of Elves and Men|Last Alliance]] broke into the land to fight Sauron, and millennia later [[Frodo Baggins]] and [[Samwise Gamgee]] infiltrated that land to destroy [[the One Ring]]. <br />
<br />
== Geography ==<br />
Mordor was protected from three sides by mountain ranges, arranged roughly rectangularly: [[Ered Lithui]] in the north, and [[Ephel Dúath]] in the west until turned to the east, forming a southern range. A narrow pass led through Ephel Dúath and the city of [[Minas Morgul]] (earlier [[Minas Ithil]]) was guarding that; an even more difficult pass was guarded by the giant spider [[Shelob]] and the fortress of [[Cirith Ungol]]. Another known fortress was [[Durthang]] in northern Ephel Dúath.<br />
<br />
In the north-west corner of Mordor the deep valley of [[Udûn (valley)|Udûn]] was the only entrance for large armies, and that is where Sauron built the Black Gate of Mordor. In front of the [[Morannon]] lay the [[Dagorlad]]. Sauron's main fortress [[Barad-dûr]] was at the foothills of [[Ered Lithui]]. To south-west of Barad-dûr lay the arid [[Plateau of Gorgoroth]] and the volcanic [[Mount Doom]] (also called [[Orodruin]]); to the east lay the plain of [[Lithlad]]. The land in the western parts of Mordor were largely infertile, producing only sparse [[Brambles of Mordor|brambles]].<br />
<br />
The southern part of Mordor, [[Nurn]], was slighly more fertile, and moist enough to carry the inland [[sea of Núrnen]]. Nurn was made somewhat fertile because the ash blown from Mount Doom left its soil nutrient rich, thus allowing dry-land farming. Unfortunately, the inland sea of Núrn was salty, not freshwater. <br />
<br />
To the west of Mordor was the narrow land of [[Ithilien]] with the great river [[Anduin]], to the east [[Rhûn]], and to the south-east, [[Khand]].<br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
=== Early history ===<br />
[[Melkor]] created Mount Doom in the [[First Age]], and the name "Mordor" may have been given to the land before Sauron settled there because of its eruptions.<ref>{{PM|Last}}, p. 390 (note 14).</ref> Also in the First Age, the [[Drúedain]] migrated westward in the lands south of Mordor and, after turning northward into [[Ithilien]], became the first Men to cross the [[Anduin]].<ref>{{UT|12}}, 339-340.</ref><br />
<br />
The first being known to occupy the mountains of Mordor was [[Shelob]], fleeing from the [[War of Wrath]] in [[Beleriand]] at the end of the First Age. She fed herself on [[Elves]] and [[Men]] living or passing nearby until these became scarce.<ref>{{TT|Lair}}</ref><br />
<br />
Sauron settled in Mordor around {{SA|1000}}. In the north-western corner of this land stood Mount Doom, where he had forged [[the One Ring]]. Near Orodruin he built his stronghold [[Barad-dûr]]. After this time, Sauron was known as the [[Dark Lord|Dark Lord of Mordor]].<br />
<br />
For two and a half thousand years, Sauron ruled Mordor uninterruptedly. It was from Mordor that he [[War of the Elves and Sauron|made war against]] the [[Elves of Eregion]] and came to dominate most of Eriador in a period known as the [[Dark Years]]. That was until he was repelled by the [[High Men]] of [[Númenor]]. Retreating to Mordor, Sauron then directed his power over the far south and east of Mordor conquering and dominating the savage tribes of the [[Easterlings]] and the [[Haradrim]].<ref>{{PM|Dwarves}}</ref><ref>{{UT|Amroth}}</ref> Almost a thousand years later, Sauron was captured by the Númenóreans and brought to their island kingdom, eventually causing its [[Númenor#Destruction|destruction]]. Sauron returned to Mordor as a spirit and resumed his rule.<br />
<br />
=== The Last Alliance and Third Age===<br />
<br />
Sauron's rule was interrupted yet again when his efforts to overthrow the surviving Men and Elves failed, and they fought their way back to their foe's domain. After several months of siege in the [[Battle of Dagorlad]], forces of the [[Last Alliance of Elves and Men]] came into Mordor. Sauron was defeated in a final battle and the Dark Tower was leveled to the ground, but Mordor was not settled by Men because of the dreadful memory of Sauron, and Orodruin.<ref name=rings>{{s|V}}</ref> For about a thousand years, Mordor was guarded by [[Gondor]] in order to prevent any evil forces from breaking out.<br />
<br />
However, Gondor had failed in the long run; during the [[Great Plague]], the population was so diminished that troops were recalled and the fortresses abandoned.<ref>{{App|South}}</ref> Deprived of guard, Mordor began to fill with evil things again, and it is said the first shadows were the [[Nazgûl|Ringwraiths]], first appearing after the [[War of the Last Alliance]] to prepare the return of Sauron.<ref name=rings/> [[Minas Ithil]] was conquered by the Nine Ringwraiths in {{TA|2002}}; other fortifications that were supposed to defend Gondor from the menace inside Mordor were captured and turned into a means of shielding Mordor. Sauron resided in [[Dol Guldur]], until the [[White Council]] [[Attack on Dol Guldur|attacked]] it in {{TA|2941}}, forcing Sauron to return to Mordor, where he finished reconstructing his Dark Tower. By that time Mordor was protected too well to be captured by any military might that was available to the Free Peoples; in the north of Mordor during the War of the Ring were the great garrisons and forges of war, while surrounding the bitter inland [[Sea of Núrnen]] to the south lay the vast fields tended for the provision of the armies by hordes of slaves brought in from lands to the east and south.<br />
<br />
=== War of the Ring ===<br />
<br />
During the War of the Ring, Sauron gathered all his forces to Mordor. After the [[Battle of the Pelennor Fields]], a Host of the West went to the Black Gate. Sauron sent his army to destroy the Men of Gondor and Rohan, but then [[Frodo Baggins]] destroyed the One Ring and Mordor fell. The Dark Tower, the Black Gate and the Towers of Teeth collapsed to ruin. Mount Doom exploded. Both Sauron and his Ringwraiths were apparently destroyed.<br />
<br />
After the ultimate defeat of Sauron, Mordor became mostly empty again as the [[Orcs]] inside it fled or were killed. Crippled by thousands of years of abuse and neglect, but capable of sustaining life, the land of Mordor was given to the defeated foes of Gondor as a consolation, as well as to the freed slaves of Nurn who were formerly forced to farm there to feed the armies of Mordor.<br />
<br />
== Etymology ==<br />
The term ''Mordor'' translates to "The Black Land" or "The Dark Land" in [[Sindarin]]. [[mor]] = "dark, black", [[dôr]] = "land".<ref>{{S|Elements}}</ref> ''Mordor'' is also coincidentally [[Quenya]] for "shadows" (plural), though the direct calque of Sindarin ''Mordor'' was ''Morinórë'' or ''Morinor'', a name also used for the [[Dark Land]].<br />
<br />
==Inspiration==<br />
It is not uncommon for names in Tolkien's fiction to have relevant meanings in several languages, both those invented by Tolkien, and "real" ones, but this of course happens with any two languages.<br />
<br />
*A proposed etymology is [[Old English]] ''morðor'', which means "mortal sin" and later "murder". <br />
*''Mordor'' is also a name cited in some Nordic mythologies referring to a land where its citizens practice evil without knowing it, imposed on themselves by the society long created for that purpose.<br />
<br />
Tolkien is reported to have identified Mordor with the volcano of [[Stromboli]] off Sicily.<ref>[[Clyde S. Kilby]], [[Dick Plotz]] ([[1968]]), "Many Meetings with Tolkien: An Edited Transcript of Remarks at the December 1966 [[Mythopoeic Society|TSA Meeting]]", ''Niekas'' (Niekas Publications, New Hampshire, USA) (19): 39–40 Referred to at tolkienguide.com and by another publication of the Niekas editor. Referred to at [http://www.tolkienguide.com/modules/wordpress/?p=3 tolkienguide.com ] and by [http://efanzines.com/ERM/veh36.htm another publication of the Niekas editor].</ref><br />
<br />
==Portrayals==<br />
In ''[[The Atlas of Middle-earth]]'', [[Karen Wynn Fonstad]] assumed that the lands of Mordor, [[Khand]], and [[Rhûn]] lay where the inland [[Sea of Helcar]] had been, and that the [[Sea of Rhûn]] and [[Sea of Núrnen]] were its remnants. The atlas was however published before ''[[The Peoples of Middle-earth]]'', where it turned out that the [[Sea of Rhûn]] and Mordor existed already in the First Age.<br />
<br />
The close proximity of Mount Doom and Barad-dûr in [[The Lord of the Rings (film series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (film series)]] is non-canonical.<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[Sauron]]<br />
* [[Barad-dûr]]<br />
* [[Orodruin]]<br />
* [[Black Gate]]<br />
<br />
{{references}}<br />
{{FellowshipRoute}}<br />
[[Category:Mordor| ]]<br />
[[Category:Regions]]<br />
[[Category:Sindarin locations]]<br />
<br />
[[de:Mordor]]<br />
[[fi:Mordor]]<br />
[[fr:encyclo/geographie/regions/mordor]]</div>108.63.142.187https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Gollum&diff=299422Gollum2018-05-20T14:45:31Z<p>108.63.142.187: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Countdown}}<br />
{{hobbit infobox<br />
| name=Gollum<br />
| image=[[File:John Howe - Gollum.jpg|250px]]<br />
| caption="Gollum" by [[John Howe]]<br />
| pronun=<br />
| othernames=Sméagol<br/>Stinker<br/>Slinker<br />
| titles=<br />
| position=<br />
| location=<br />
| affiliation=<br />
| language=[[Westron]]<br />
| birth=c. {{TA|2430}}<ref name=guide>{{HM|Guide}}, p. 167, entry "Gollum"</ref><br />
| birthlocation=Near [[Gladden Fields]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lord-of-the-rings.org/books/gollum.html|title=Gollum|publisher=Lord of the Rings Fantasy World|accessdate=28 November 2010}}</ref><br />
| rule=<br />
| death=[[25 March]] {{TA|3019}}<br />
| deathlocation=[[Mount Doom]]<br />
| age=c. 589<br />
| notablefor=<br />
| family=<br />
| parentage=<br />
| siblings=<br />
| spouse=<br />
| children=<br />
| gender=Male<br />
| height=<br />
| hair=Thin, lank<ref name="Taming">{{TT|Taming}}</ref><br />
| eyes=<br />
| clothing=<br />
| weapons=<br />
| steed=<br />
}}<br />
'''Gollum''', also known as '''Sméagol''' ([[Old English|OE]], pron. {{IPA|[ˈsmæ͡ɑːɣoɫ]}}), was a creature (originally a [[Stoors|Stoorish]] [[Hobbits|Hobbit]]) who bore [[the One Ring]]. He lived in the [[Misty Mountains]] for most of his life. In {{TA|2941}} he lost the Ring to [[Bilbo Baggins]]. For the rest of his life he sought to recover his "precious" "birthday present". In {{TA|3019}} he followed the [[Fellowship of the Ring]] and met [[Frodo Baggins]]. After leading Frodo into [[Mordor]] and betraying him to [[Shelob]] he finally seized the Ring in [[Cracks of Doom|Sammath Naur]]. In his euphoria he died and destroyed the Ring after falling into the cracks of [[Mount Doom]].<br />
<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
===Early life===<br />
Sméagol was a [[Hobbits|Hobbit]] of [[Stoors|Stoor-kind]] who lived on the banks of the [[Anduin]] in the later [[Third Age]]. These Hobbits had migrated to the [[Gladden Fields]] and became a riverland people under a Matriarch. Sméagol was the Matriarch's grandson and spent the early years of his life living with his extended family during the [[Watchful Peace]], when [[Sauron]] was in the [[East]]. <br />
<br />
He had some amount of education in lore, as during his youth he had learned of the events concerning the [[War of the Last Alliance]] against [[Sauron]].<ref name=Passage>{{TT|IV2}}</ref><br />
<br />
[[File:The Lord of the Rings - The Return of the King - Sméagol.jpg|left|thumb|[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]] - Sméagol]]<br />
Around the year {{TA|2463}}, on his birthday, with his close relative [[Déagol]] they went fishing in the [[Gladden Fields]]. It was there that Déagol found a gold ring, after being pulled into the water by a large fish. Sméagol demanded the ring as a birthday present and strangled Deágol when he refused. Sméagol became the fourth [[Ring-bearers|Ring-bearer]] after Sauron, [[Isildur]], and [[Déagol]].<br />
<br />
After this event, he started to make a gurgling sound from his throat; for this his family called him "Gollum". Sméagol was quickly corrupted further by the ring and, banished by his people, was forced to find a home in a [[Gollum's Lake|cave]] in the [[Misty Mountains]]. The Ring's malignant influence twisted his Hobbit body and mind and prolonged his life far beyond its natural limits. He called it his "[[Precious]]" or his "Birthday Present," the latter as a justification for killing Déagol.<br />
<br />
Gollum lived longer than any other Hobbit could, and for over four hundred years he managed to live on raw [[fish]], which he caught from his small raft, and [[Orcs of the Misty Mountains|Goblins]] from the nearby [[Goblin-town]]. In later years he found Hobbit and [[Elves|Elven]] food repulsive. The Ring's corrupting influence as well as centuries of isolation in the Misty Mountains took a deep toll on him both physically and mentally. He became disfigured and grotesque in appearance, and by the time he met the Hobbit [[Bilbo Baggins]] he was afflicted with almost complete madness.<br />
<br />
===Departure of the Ring===<br />
[[File:Darrell Sweet - The Riddle Game.jpg|thumb|right|[[Darrell Sweet]] - ''The Riddle Game'']]<br />
In July {{TA|2941}}, during the [[Quest of Erebor]], Bilbo stumbled upon the subterranean lake on which Gollum lived and found the Ring. Gollum had lost the Ring in the network of caves leading to the lake, though in fact it is more proper to say that the Ring abandoned Gollum, for it was known to have a will of its own. As [[Gandalf]] said later, it looked after itself, trying to get back to Sauron. <br />
<br />
After the famous [[Riddle-game|Riddle Game]], during which Gollum was unaware of his loss, Gollum refused to show Bilbo the promised way out and plotted to murder him. When he went to get his "birthday present," however, he found that it was gone. He suddenly realised the answer to Bilbo's last riddle - ''"What have I got in my pocket?"'' - and flew into a rage. Bilbo inadvertently stumbled across the Ring's power of invisibility as he ran, allowing him to follow Gollum to the entrance of the cave. There, Bilbo at first thought to kill Gollum, but was overcome with pity, so he jumped over him to escape. As Bilbo ran, Gollum cried out, "Thief! Thief, Baggins! We hates it forever!"<br />
[[File:Ted Nasmith - Gollum is Defeated.jpg|thumb|left|[[Ted Nasmith]] - ''Gollum is Defeated'']]<br />
His addiction to the Ring was so great that he overcame his hatred and fear of the [[Sun]], the [[Moon]] and other creatures. He left the Mountains and pursued Bilbo, but the trail was cold. He made his way into [[Mordor]], where he was captured by the Nazgûl and forced to reveal what he knew about the Ring. Thus Sauron's spies learned from him the names "[[The Shire|Shire]]" and "[[Bilbo Baggins|Baggins]]". By {{TA|3017}} Gollum was then set free, but caught by [[Aragorn]], who turned him over to [[Gandalf]]. <br />
<br />
The [[Wizards|Wizard]] managed to interrogate him and learned parts of the history of the Ring which he had not previously known. He placed him in the care of the [[Silvan Elves]] living in [[Thranduil]]'s [[Woodland Realm]] of [[Mirkwood]]. In June of {{TA|3018}}, Orcs raided the [[Elves of Mirkwood]] (in an obviously coordinated attack) allowing Gollum to escape. He resumed his search of the Ring and he was brought into [[Moria]] but could not open the [[Doors of Durin]].<br />
<br />
===The War of the Ring===<br />
[[File:Inger Edelfeldt - Gollum Held Captive by the Elves.jpg|thumb|right|Inger Edelfeldt - ''Gollum Held Captive by the Elves'']]<br />
Gollum picked up the trail of the new [[Ring-bearers|Ring-bearer]], [[Frodo Baggins]], as he and the [[Fellowship of the Ring]] travelled through Moria. On [[15 January|January 15]], {{TA|3019}} the Fellowship was divided when Gandalf disappeared while fighting a [[Durin's Bane|Balrog]]. Gollum continued trailing the remaining members. It is unknown how he crossed the [[Bridge of Khazad-dûm]], but he came with them to [[Lothlórien]] without their knowing. Gollum, floating on a log, followed their boats down [[Anduin]] to [[Rauros]]. <br />
<br />
He pursued [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]] and [[Samwise Gamgee|Sam]] across the [[Emyn Muil]] when they struck out on their own towards Mordor. Gollum followed them, but after a confrontation in which he bit and nearly strangled Sam, Frodo subdued him. Frodo tied an [[Elves|Elvish]] rope around Gollum's ankle for a leash, but the mere touch of the rope pained him. Taking pity on the wretched creature, Frodo made Gollum swear to help them. Agreeing to the oath, Gollum swore by the "Precious" itself, and Frodo released him. The unlikely company, guided by Gollum, made their way to the [[Black Gate]], the entrance to Mordor.<br />
<br />
Frodo's kindness brought out the "Sméagol" personality, and he made at least some effort to keep his promise. The two had a strange sort of bond from both having been Ringbearers; in Gollum, Frodo saw his possible future, and so wanted to save him so he could save himself. Gollum also feared Frodo, and also thought that helping him would deprive Sauron of the Ring.<br />
<br />
When the Black Gate was reached and found to be well guarded, Gollum convinced them not to go that way, saying that they would be caught and Sauron would regain the Ring. Gollum said he would lead them south, where he knew of another entrance into Mordor.<br />
<br />
Frodo and Sam were caught by [[Faramir]], and Gollum followed them. When Frodo allowed Faramir to briefly take Sméagol prisoner, however, he felt betrayed, allowing the "Gollum" personality to take control. Faramir found out that the place Gollum was taking them was called [[Cirith Ungol]]. He then warned Frodo and Sam of the evil of that place.<br />
[[File:Ted Nasmith - Gollum at the Forbidden Pool.jpg|thumb|Ted Nasmith - ''Gollum at the Forbidden Pool'']]<br />
Frodo, Sam, and Gollum left Faramir and began crossing the pass of Cirith Ungol in the border-mountains of the [[Ephel Dúath]]. Gollum visited the great spider [[Shelob]], because he was planning to betray the Hobbits to her and then get the Ring for himself. When he returned the Hobbits were asleep. The sight of Frodo sleeping nearly moved Gollum to repent. However, Sam woke up and spoke harshly to Gollum, and all hope of redemption was lost. Gollum followed through with his plan and led Frodo and Sam into [[Shelob's Lair]]. For this service to Shelob, the Orcs of Cirith Ungol knew Gollum as "Her Sneak".<br />
Just as Frodo warned him, Gollum's betrayal of his oath ultimately led to his undoing, for Frodo and Sam escaped from Shelob's lair and came against all odds to the volcano [[Orodruin]], or Mount Doom. Gollum followed them all the way, seeking a chance to surprise them and take the Ring. When Frodo and Sam had almost reached their destination, he attacked, but failed to get the Ring. Sam, who had hated Gollum on sight, tried to bring himself to kill him, but relented out of sheer pity and disgust, turning his back on the beaten creature.<br />
<br />
Moments later, Frodo was standing on the edge of the [[Cracks of Doom|Crack of Doom]], but, unwilling to destroy the Ring, claimed it for himself and put it on. Then Gollum attacked again. The two fought whilst Frodo was invisible and finally Gollum bit off Frodo's finger.<br />
<br />
Here Frodo's kindness in sparing Gollum's life was rewarded, for Gollum then teetered on the edge of the great pit, lost his balance and fell in, taking the Ring and finger with him with a last cry of "Preciouss!". Had Gollum not lived to play this final part, there would have been a good chance that Sauron would have regained the Ring, as he knew where Frodo was as soon as he put the Ring on.<br />
<br />
==Appearance==<br />
[[File:Peter Xavier Price - The Stairs of Cirith Ungol.jpg|left|thumb|185px|[[Peter Xavier Price]] - ''The Stairs of Cirith Ungol'']]<br />
Sméagol was a Hobbit, but he spent long centuries (thanks to the Ring) in darkness and damp, influenced by its evil power. It is possible that thanks to his hardy Hobbitish nature that he was not reduced to a [[Wraiths|wraith]].<ref><br />
{{webcite|author=Stan Brown|website=FAQ of the Rings|articleurl=http://oakroadsystems.com/genl/ringfaq.htm#Q1-GollumWraith|articlename=Why hadn’t Gollum turned into a wraith long ago?}}</ref> However, he was reduced to a small, extremely thin and wiry person, with scrawny neck, pale skin, flat feet, long thin hands with clammy fingers, and large pale eyes that seemed to glow. His sense of sight, as well as his hearing and smelling, were very good, due to the time he spent underground.<br />
<br />
He could move and climb silently like a spider, and although he had only six teeth left,<ref>{{HM|H}}</ref> he could give deep bites, even able to bite off Frodo's finger.<br />
<br />
==Personality==<br />
Sméagol was the most inquisitive and curious-minded of his community. He was an inquisitive Hobbit who was interested in roots and beginnings. He owed [[#Etymology|his name]] to his interest in roots and deep pools; he burrowed and tunnelled under trees, plants, and mounds. <br />
<br />
During his centuries of loneliness and under the Ring's influence, he developed a sort of multiple personality: his evil personality was a slave to the Ring and would kill for it, overwhelming his former self, who still vaguely remembered things like friendship and love. Not having anyone else to speak to, he often quarrelled with himself. Gollum both loved and hated the Ring and himself. He often referred both to the Ring and himself as "my Preciiouss", perhaps confusing the two entities.<ref name=guide/> <br />
[[File:Mariët Theune - The Crack of Doom.jpg|thumb|right|Mariët Theune - ''The Crack of Doom'']]<br />
Years later, [[Samwise Gamgee]] would name the good personality "Slinker" (for his fawning, eager-to-please demeanour), and the bad personality "Stinker".<br />
<br />
Other aspects of the Ring's corruption was the aversion to all living creatures, especially the [[Elves]] and all things Elven. The [[Elven rope]] burnt his skin, and [[lembas]] tasted like dust to him and choked him.<br />
<br />
Sméagol, as a Hobbit, was perhaps good at heart, and his killing was entirely the Ring's doing. But it's also likely that Sméagol was harbouring dark thoughts to begin with. Their argument bases on several points, including...<br />
# The sight of the Ring at the [[Council of Elrond]] or at many points in the journey of the Fellowship did not cause anyone to suddenly murder someone else.<br />
# It is possible for Hobbits to be evil; for instance, [[Ted Sandyman]] and [[Lotho Sackville-Baggins]].<br />
#Bilbo was corrupted far more slowly by the Ring because his adventures with it began with an act of mercy, while Gollum began his with murder.<ref name=shadow>{{FR|Shadow}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
[[File:Turner Mohan - The Ringbearers.jpg|thumb|left|Turner Mohan - ''The Ringbearers'']]<br />
Sméagol's (pron. {{IPA|[ˈsmæ͡ɑːɣoɫ]}}) name is [[Old English]] one, from ''sméah'', and adjective meaning "''creeping in, penetrating''". It is etymologically related to the word [[smials]]. This title was also applied by the Anglo-Saxons to the Biblical Cain, from the story of Cain's murder of his brother Abel in Genesis. This draws a clear connection between the two.<br />
<br />
Sméagol is the translation of an actual [[Westron]] name ''[[Trahald]]''. The meaning of which was "burrowing, worming in" or "apt to creep into a hole". In both [[Westron]] and Old English, Sméagol's name is related to [[Smaug]]'s: Smaug's name in "true [[Dalish]]" was ''[[Trāgu]]'', and the ''Trah-'' stem in Trahald and Trâgu is thus an analogue of the Germanic stem present in both Sméagol and Smaug.<br />
<br />
[[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]] explained in his "[[Guide to the Names in The Lord of the Rings]]" the origin of the name ''Sméagol'' in the lemma on [[smials]]:<br />
{{quote|'''Smials'''. A word peculiar to hobbits (not Common Speech), meaning 'burrow'; leave unchanged. It is a form that the Old English word '''smygel''' 'burrow' might have had, if it had survived. The same element appears in Gollum's real name, '''Sméagol'''.}}<br />
<br />
The name [[Smaug]] which means "squeezed through a hole" is thus related.<ref>{{HM|L}}, [[Letter 31]]</ref><br />
<br />
===Pronunciation===<br />
{{Pronounce|Anglo-Saxon - Sméagol.mp3|Gilgamesh}}<br />
In both the 1981 BBC radio adaptation and in Peter Jackson's films ''Sméagol'' is pronounced as "SMEE-gol", although the placement of the acute accent suggests that the correct pronunciation is "SMAY-uh-gol". On the other hand, in [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]]'s recordings of ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' he also pronounced it "SMEE-gol" or "SMEE-AH-GOL", suggesting that ''éa'' should either be pronounced as a long "i"-sound or as a diphthong ''ea'', and not as two distinct vowels "e" and "a". Tolkien had a habit in his writing to put diacritics in varying places, as can also be seen in the name ''[[Eärendil]]'', which also occurs spelt ''Ëarendil''.<br />
<br />
==Other versions of the Legendarium==<br />
In the first edition of ''[[The Hobbit]]'', Gollum did not appear quite as wretched or as bound to the Ring. Tolkien revised this characterisation to fit the concept of the Ruling Ring developed during the writing of ''The Lord of the Rings''. Tolkien then explained the version given in the first edition as a lie that Bilbo made up to tell the [[Thorin and Company|Dwarves]] and [[Gandalf]].<ref name="Christensen">[[Bonniejean Christensen]], [[Jared Lobdell]] (ed.), "Gollum's Character Transformation in ''The Hobbit''", published in ''[[A Tolkien Compass]]'', pages 7-26</ref><br />
<br />
In ''[[The Silmarillion]]'', it is mentioned that [[the One Ring]] was found "ere the Kings failed in Gondor". This can mean that originally, Gollum's age was intended to be considerably more than six hundred years (further reinforced by certain places in ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' like Gollum referring to tales about an uncorrupted [[Minas Ithil]] or Gandalf comparing his people to "fathers of the fathers of the [[Stoors]]"). In fact it seems likely that Sauron leaving the Mirkwood in 2063 T.A. and some Hobbits settling there after that are details added for the purpose of making the smaller age possible; perhaps in order to make it possible for Gollum and the other characters to have the same language.<br />
<br />
==Inspiration==<br />
[[John Garth]] has suggested that the character of Gollum carries echoes of the "night-haunting, man-eating" [[Ogres|ogre]] [[Wikipedia:Grendel|Grendel]] in ''[[Beowulf (disambiguation)|Beowulf]]''.<ref>{{webcite|author=[[John Garth]]|articleurl=http://www.newstatesman.com/culture/2014/05/j-r-r-tolkien-beowulf-one-mans-passion-threshold-between-myth-and-reality|articlename=J R R Tolkien's Beowulf: one man's passion for the threshold between myth and reality|dated=29 May 2014|website=[http://www.newstatesman.com/ newstatesman.com]|accessed=29 May 2014}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Portrayal in adaptations==<br />
{{Gallery<br />
|title=Pictures of adaptations of Gollum<br />
|height=150<br />
|width=200<br />
|lines=3<br />
|File:The Hobbit (1966 film) - Gollum.jpg|[[The Hobbit (1966 film)|''The Hobbit'' (1966 film)]]<br />
|File:The Hobbit (1977 film) - Gollum.jpg|[[The Hobbit (1977 film)|''The Hobbit'' (1977 film)]]<br />
|File:The Lord of the Rings (1978 film) - Gollum.jpg|[[The Lord of the Rings (1978 film)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (1978 film)]]<br />
|File:David T. Wenzel - Gollum.jpg|[[The Hobbit (comic book)|''The Hobbit'' (comic book), 1989]]<br />
|File:The Hobbit (2003) Gollum.JPG|[[The Hobbit (2003 video game)|''The Hobbit'' (2003 video game)]]<br />
|File:The Lord of the Rings- The Treason of Isengard - Concept art Gollum.jpg|[[The Lord of the Rings: The Treason of Isengard]]<br />
|File:The Lord of the Rings - The Return of the King - Gollum poster.jpg|[[The Lord of the Rings (film series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (film series)]]<br />
|File:The Lord of the Rings - The Return of the King - Sméagol2.jpg|As Sméagol in [[The Lord of the Rings (film series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (film series)]]<br />
|File:The Lord of the Rings - The Fellowship of the Ring (video game) - Gollum.JPG|[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (video game)|''The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring'' (video game)]]<br />
|File:The Lord of the Rings Online - Gollum.jpg|''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]''<br />
|File:Lego - Gollum poster.png|Gollum as a ''[[Lego]] mini figure''<br />
|File:Guardians of Middle-earth - Gollum.png|''[[Guardians of Middle-earth]]''<br />
}}<br />
===Films===<br />
'''1977: [[The Hobbit (1977 film)|''The Hobbit'' (1977 film)]]:'''<br />
:Gollum is a frog-like green creature, voiced by [[Brother Theodore]]. Here, his "Gollum" noise sounds like muttering instead of swallowing.<br />
<br />
'''1978: [[The Lord of the Rings (1978 film)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (1978 film)]]:'''<br />
:Gollum is depicted as a skinny, dark grey creature, voiced by [[Peter Woodthorpe]]. <br />
<br />
'''1980: [[The Return of the King (1980 film)|''The Return of the King'' (1980 film)]]:'''<br />
:Brother Theodore reprised his role from the earlier [[Rankin/Bass]] production. Some footage from ''The Hobbit'' was reused to introduce the viewer to the story. <br />
<br />
'''2001-03: [[The Lord of the Rings (film series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (film series)]]:'''<br />
:Gollum is a CGI-motion capture creature voiced by actor [[Andy Serkis]]. He is barely glimpsed in ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring|The Fellowship of the Ring]]'', where he is voiced by [[Dominic Monaghan]] in absence of Serkis. Gollum becomes a central character in ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers|The Two Towers]]'' and ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King|The Return of the King]]''. The groundbreaking CGI character was built around Serkis's voice, movements and expressions, sometimes by using a motion capture suit which recorded his movements and applied them to the digital character, and sometimes by the more laborious process of digitally "painting out" Serkis's image and replacing it with Gollum's. In one such shot in ''The Two Towers'', Serkis' real spittle can be seen emerging from Gollum's mouth.<br />
<br />
:In ''The Return of the King'' Serkis himself appears in a flashback scene as Sméagol before his degeneration into Gollum. This scene was originally earmarked for ''The Two Towers'' but held back because it was felt that audiences would relate better to the original Sméagol once they were more familiar with who he became. The decision to include this scene meant that Gollum's face had to be redesigned for the second and third movies so that it would more closely resemble Serkis'.<br />
<br />
'''2012: [[The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey]]:'''<br />
:[[Andy Serkis]] reprised his role as Gollum.<ref name="PJCasting1">{{webcite|author=[[Peter Jackson]]|articleurl=http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=10150168211921558|articlename=Production begins in New Zealand on The Hobbit|dated=20-March-2011|website=[http://www.facebook.com/ Facebook]|accessed=21-Dec-2011}}</ref> <br />
<br />
===Radio series===<br />
'''1955: [[The Lord of the Rings (1955 radio series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (1955 radio series)]]:'''<br />
:The voice of Gollum is provided by [[Gerik Schjelderup]].<ref name="RT1723">Radio Times, Volume 133, No. 1723, [[16 November|November 16]], [[1956]]</ref><br />
<br />
'''1968: [[The Hobbit (1968 radio series)|''The Hobbit'' (1968 radio series)]]:'''<br />
:The narrator refers to Gollum (voiced by [[Wolfe Morris]]) as "Galloom", even though Gollum himself manages to pronounce his name correctly. Gollum's role is based on that of the second edition of ''The Hobbit''.<ref>[[The Hobbit (1968 radio series)|''The Hobbit'' (1968 radio series)]], "[[Riddles in the Dark (episode)|Riddles in the Dark]]" <br />
</ref><br />
<br />
'''1979: [[The Lord of the Rings (1979 radio series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (1979 radio series)]]:'''<br />
:[[Gail Chugg]] provided the voice of Gollum.<br />
<br />
'''1981: [[The Lord of the Rings (1981 radio series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (1981 radio series)]]:'''<br />
:Gollum, again performed by [[Peter Woodthorpe]], has the first lines of the play (save [[Gerard Murphy|the narrator]]). He is described as "slimy and as dark than darkness".<ref>''[[The Lord of the Rings (1981 radio series)]], "[[The Long Awaited Party]]"</ref><br />
<br />
===Games===<br />
'''1982: ''[[The Hobbit (1982 video game)]]'''''<br />
:Gollum appears in the tunnels of the Misty Mountains. He will persistently speak riddles to Bilbo, and strangle him to death if he fails to answer them in time. However, if Bilbo puts the [[One Ring|Ring]] on, then Gollum will not be able to see him. He can also be killed by Bilbo or his companions, even though doing so would seriously conflict with established canon.<br />
'''2002: [[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (video game)|''The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring'' (video game)]]:'''<br />
:Gollum, voiced by [[Quinton Flynn]], is seen thrice: first, in the introduction scene, he is stooping over his precious, dashing away from the camera. He is a creature in colour and clothing much like Jackson's version. He is briefly glimpsed again in [[Moria]], but not more than a dark shape with a green outline can be seen.<ref>[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (video game)]], "3 Passages"</ref> His most important role is in the final stages of the game: he can be seen atop several ridges, and can even be visited on a rock on the shores of [[Nen Hithoel]]. He throws a [[fish]], the "Xiphiidae", at "[[Aragorn|Ranger]]". This will become the most deadly weapon in the game, and replaces [[Andúril]] in the weapon slots.<ref>[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (video game)|''The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring'' (video game)]], "Amon Hen"</ref> <br />
<br />
'''2003: [[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (video game)|''The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King'' (video game)]]:'''<br />
:Gollum is accompanying Sam and Frodo during [[Osgiliath]] mission and the is the final boss of the game at the Crack of Doom. Unlike all other enemies of the game, he takes no damage from any attacks - instead the players must perform combinations to push him into lava below.<br />
<br />
'''2003: ''[[The Hobbit (2003 video game)|Sierra's The Hobbit'']]:'''<br />
:Gollum appears in a cut scene after the level "Riddles in the Dark". Only Bilbo's last riddle - "What have I got in my pocket?" - is shown, after which Gollum spouts out all possible answers in one sentence rather than in three turns. Gollum is a dark grey, hobbit-like creature with seven spiky teeth, who walks on all fours like an ape would, and like his Rankin/Bass counterpart, his "Gollum" noise is a muttering instead of a swallowing. He is voiced by [[Daran Norris]].<ref>[[The Hobbit (2003 video game)|''The Hobbit'' (2003 video game)]], "Riddles in the Dark"</ref><br />
<br />
'''2004: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: War of the Ring]]'':'''<br />
:Gollum is a "Hero" unit for the Servants of the Enemy, used primarily for scout missions.<br />
<br />
'''2004: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth]]'':'''<br />
:Gollum is a "Hero" for the Mordor factions. His health is extremely low and his attacks extremely weak, but has value for the scout missions.<br />
<br />
'''2006: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth II]]'':'''<br />
:In non-storyline battles, stealthed Gollum is roaming the map. If detected and killed, he drops The One Ring, which can give huge advantage to the side that gets it.<br />
<br />
'''2007: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''<br />
:Gollum is encountered thrice, though the player has yet to know his name. The first time he is met in southern [[Trollshaws]], where the player prevents him from attacking the baby of two Fishermen; the second time he is seen in southern Mirkwood, where the player must defeat the Orcs who attempts to capture him, the third time is on the Shores of Anduin, where the player has to make sure he does not fall prey to the spiders.<br />
<br />
'''2012: ''[[Guardians of Middle-earth]]'':'''<br />
:Gollum is a striker-type "guardian" with four abilities: ''Throttle'', ''My Precious'', ''Coward'' and ''We are starved''.<ref>{{webcite|author=|articleurl=http://www.guardiansofmiddleearth.co.uk/guardians/gollum|articlename=''Guardians of Middle-earth'': Gollum|dated=|website=[http://www.guardiansofmiddleearth.com/ ''Guardians of Middle-earth'' official website]|accessed=16 July 2012}}</ref><br />
<br />
'''2014: ''[[Middle-earth: Shadow of Mordor]]'':'''<br />
:Gollum is featured in the game as a supporting character. In the game, set between ''[[The Hobbit]]'' and ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'', Gollum is searching for [[the One Ring]] and encounters Talion, the protagonist of the game and helps him in his Quest.<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[:Category:Images of Gollum|Images of Gollum]]<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
<br />
*[http://lingwe.blogspot.se/2012/12/smeagol-whats-in-name.html Sméagol — what’s in a name?] by [[Jason Fisher]]<br />
<br />
{{References}}<br />
<br />
{{seq-start}}<br />
{{seq-head<br />
| race=hobbit<br />
| born=c. {{TA|2430}}<br />
| died=[[25 March]], {{TA|3019}}<br />
}}<br />
{{seq<br />
| prev=[[Déagol]]<br />
| list=[[Ring-bearer]]<br />
| dates=c. {{TA|2463}} - {{TA|2941|n}}<br />
| next=[[Bilbo Baggins]]<br />
}}<br />
{{seq<br />
| prev=[[Frodo Baggins]]<br />
| list=[[Ring-bearer]]<br />
| dates=briefly, [[25 March]], {{TA|3019}}<br />
| nvac=None<br />
| next=Ring destroyed<br />
}}<br />
{{seq-end}}<br />
{{ringbearers}}<br />
[[Category:Characters in The Hobbit]]<br />
[[Category:Characters in The Lord of the Rings]]<br />
[[Category:Evil]]<br />
[[Category:Hobbits]]<br />
[[Category:Ring-bearers]]<br />
[[Category:Stoors]]<br />
[[Category:Third Age characters]]<br />
[[de:Gollum]]<br />
[[fi:Klonkku]]</div>108.63.142.187https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=N%C3%BAmen%C3%B3reans&diff=299405Númenóreans2018-05-19T21:20:18Z<p>108.63.142.187: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{cleanup}}<!--inline references! (User:Morgan)--><br />
{{disambig-two|the inhabitants of Númenor|descendants they had on [[Middle-earth]] during the [[Third Age]]|[[Dúnedain]]}}<br />
{{people infobox<br />
| name=Númenóreans<br />
| image=[[File:Liz Danforth - Isildur.png|250px]]<br />
| caption="[[:File:Liz Danforth - Isildur.png|Isildur]]" by Liz Danforth<br />
| pronun={{respell|noo|meh|nor|ee-ans}}<br />
| othernames=Men of Westernesse<br />
| origin=Descendants of the [[Edain]]<br />
| location=[[Númenor]], [[Eriador]], [[Harad]], [[Umbar]], [[Pelargir]], later [[Arnor]] and [[Gondor]]<br />
| affiliation=[[Eldar]]<br />
| rivalry=[[Sauron]]<br />
| language=[[Adûnaic]] (native tongue), [[Quenya]], [[Sindarin]] <br />
| members=[[Elros]], [[Tar-Aldarion|Aldarion]], [[Ar-Pharazôn]], [[Elendil]], [[Isildur]] <br />
| lifespan=Númenóreans - c. 300-350 years<ref name=Line>{{UT|Kings}}</ref></br>[[Kings of Númenor]] - c. 400-500 years<ref name=Line/><br />
| distinctions=<br />
| height=Taller than other [[Men]]<br />
| hair=<br />
| skin=<br />
| clothing=<br />
| weapons=<br />
}}<br />
<center>{{quote|So great was the might and splendour of the Númenóreans that Sauron's own servants deserted him.|''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'', [[Appendix A]]}}</center><br />
'''Númenóreans''' were the [[Men]] of [[Númenor]], descendants of the [[Edain]] of the [[First Age]], who were granted the island of [[Elenna]] as a dwelling place. They turned against the [[Valar]], and their island home was destroyed in the last years of the [[Second Age]].<br />
<br />
==Origins==<br />
The Númenóreans were descendants of the [[Edain]] of the [[First Age]], who proved themselves allies of the [[Elves]], from whom they gathered knowledge of all things surrounding them. The two races fought together against [[Morgoth]].<br />
<br />
During that Age, unions of Elves and Men were made; [[Lúthien]] and [[Beren]] whose son, [[Dior|Dior Eluchíl]], married [[Nimloth of Doriath]] and [[Elwing]] was born. [[Idril]] and [[Tuor]], the second couple, were parents of [[Eärendil]]. Elwing and Eärendil met at the [[Havens of Sirion]] and from their union twins were born: [[Elros]] and [[Elrond]]. To the two [[Half-elven|half-elves]], the Valar gave a choice: Elros chose to join the race of men, whereas Elrond chose to join the elves.<br />
<br />
When the [[War of Wrath|last battle]] was won by the forces of [[Valinor]], the Valar rewarded the Edain by giving them a place to dwell outside the troubled world of [[Middle-earth]]. [[Ulmo]] raised [[Elenna]], later known as the Island of [[Númenor]]. Halfway between [[Endor]] and [[Aman]], the descendants from the [[Three Houses]] established the Kingdom of Númenor in {{SA|32}} and would last and dominate all other mortal peoples throughout the entire [[Second Age]]. Elros became the first [[King of Númenor]].<br />
<br />
==Politics==<br />
Númenor was a monarchy. The King held the power of decision over the affairs of the state. However, there was an advisory body, the [[Council of the Sceptre]], which consisted of the Heir of the King and lords from the six regions of Númenor: [[Forostar]] (''Northlands''), [[Andustar]] (''Westlands''), [[Hyarnustar]] (''Southwestlands''), [[Hyarrostar]] (''Southeastlands''), [[Orrostar]] (''Eastlands'') and [[Mittalmar]] (''Inlands'').<br />
<br />
There were two main political parties: Elendili or the [[Faithful]], led by the Lords of Andúnië, always loyal to the Elves. In the later years they were a small group, oppressed by the opposing [[King's Men]] who rebelled against the Valar and their ban and set dominions among the Men of Middle-earth and laid heavy tribute upon them. As their number and power increased, they forced the Elendili to move from [[Andúnië]] to the eastern side of the island, at [[Rómenna]]. [[Pelargir]] was a harbor built where the river [[Sirith]] met [[Anduin]] and it was founded by the Faithful in {{SA|2350}}.<br />
===Rulership===<br />
{{main|Line of Elros}}<br />
Númenóreans from the [[Line of Elros]] had right to inherit the [[Sceptre]] and thus become Rulers of Númenor. 25 [[King of Númenor|Kings]] and [[Ruling Queen of Númenor|Queens]] descendants of Elros ascended the throne. While the Númenóreans lived around 200 years, royal kindred had double life span. <br />
<br />
Of great importance was the [[Law of Succession in Númenor]] which established the heir to the throne. It started out as an inherited custom, which gave exclusive rights to the male descendants of Elros. Tar-Aldarion, the sixth ruler of Númenor, only had one daughter and replaced the principle of exclusive male heir with that of eldest progeny, of any gender; in {{SA|1075}} Tar-Ancalimë became the first ruling queen in the history of Númenor. <br />
<br />
Númenóreans from the Line of Elros influenced their era in various ways:<br />
<br />
*[[Tar-Aldarion]], a great mariner and Middle-earth explorer<br />
*[[Tar-Ancalimë]], the first Ruling Queen of Númenor<br />
*[[Tar-Minastir]], defeated [[Sauron]] alongside [[Gil-galad|Ereinion Gil-galad]]<br />
*[[Ar-Belzagar]], first ruler to take an Adûnaic name<br />
*[[Ar-Adûnakhôr]], banned the speaking of Quenya and severed relationships with the Eldar<br />
*[[Ar-Pharazôn]], last in the line of rulers, whose kingship led directly to the [[Akallabêth|Downfall of Númenor]]<br />
<br />
===Lords of Andúnië===<br />
{{seealso|Lords of Andúnië}}<br />
During the time of princess [[Silmariën]] the law of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agnatic_primogeniture agnatic primogeniture] existed. She could not succeed her father as his eldest child, and her [[Tar-Meneldur|brother]] took up the [[Sceptre]]. In her honor was created the title "[[Lords of Andúnië]]", which was set upon [[Valandil (Lord of Andúnië)|Valandil]] her first son and his 18 descendants; the last one was [[Amandil]], father of [[Elendil]]. During the dark times of Númenor, the Lords were renowned for their friendship with the Eldar, and leaders of the [[Elendili]].<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
At the foundation of Númenor all the people held the Eldar in friendship. White ships from [[Tol Eressëa]] brought many gifts to the [[Bay of Andúnië]]: birds, flowers, and healing herbs, and a branch from [[Celeborn, White Tree|Celeborn]], the White Tree of Tol Eressëa, which grew at the court of the king of [[Armenelos]]. <br />
<br />
As the fear of death crept into the hearts of the Dúnedain, the Firstborn became envied for their immortality. [[Tar-Atanamir]] was the first to speak against the Eldar and the Ban of the Valar. Little by little the Númenóreans abandoned the use of the [[Eldarin]] tongues. It was during the time of his son, King [[Tar-Ancalimon]], that the two parties were formed, the [[Elf-friends]] and the [[King's Men]]. Ar-Adûnakhôr was the first to choose an Adûnaic name and began to persecute the Faithful, punishing all those who would speak the Elven tongues openly. In the end the Eldar came no more to the land of Númenor. <br />
<br />
===Dominion over the Men of Middle-earth===<br />
<!--See also of Eriador#Elves and Númenóreans links here--><br />
[[Image:Paula DiSante - Ar-Pharazon Defies.JPG|thumb|right|[[Paula DiSante]] - ''Ar-Pharazon Defies'']]<br />
Due to the fact that the Ban of the Valar restricted them from sailing [[Undying Lands|West]], the Númenóreans began to explore the eastern part of the [[Arda|world]], reaching the shores of Middle-earth in {{SA|600}} in [[Lindon]] and met with [[Gil-galad]]. The news spread swiftly and the [[Middle Men]] in [[Eriador]] were filled with wonder. The sailors met with twelve messengers on the [[Tower Hills]].<ref>{{UT|Aldarion}}</ref><br />
<br />
The Númenóreans began to cultivate their new friends who were into their [[Dark Years]], grown weak and fearful, and taught them agriculture, stonecraft, smithying and their language [[Adûnaic]] but failed to recognize the [[Pre-Númenórean]] forest-folk of [[Minhiriath]] as ‘kinsmen’, and confused them with [[Men of Shadow]] because it was not related to theirs.<ref>{{PM|X}}</ref><br />
<br />
The Middle Men were comforted, populated the western shores. They revered the memory of the tall Sea-kings whom they remembered as gods hoping each time for their return.<ref>{{S|IV}}</ref><br />
<br />
More and more Númenor became a great naval power, and the [[Guild of Venturers]] established [[Vinyalondë]] (early 9th century).<ref>{{UT|Cirion}}</ref> The Pre-Númenóreans were patient until the tree-felling by [[Aldarion]] became devastating;<ref name="GC">{{UT|Galadriel}}</ref> slowly, hostility was growing, and the dark men out of the mountains were thrusting into [[Enedwaith]] in support of their kinsmen.<ref name="A">{{UT|Aldarion}}</ref> <br />
<br />
Around that time, the Númenórean [[Drúedain]] became uneasy and urged Aldarion not to go, foreseeing the mischief to come. They did not succeed and one after another they took ships towards Middle-earth.<ref>{{UT|Druedain}}</ref><br />
<br />
In {{SA|820}} Vinyalondë was overthrown by great seas and plundered by hostile men. Men near the coasts were growing afraid of the Númenóreans, or were openly hostile and Aldarion heard rumours of some lord in Middle-earth who hated them. As Gil-galad warned [[Tar-Meneldur]] that this instigator was a servant of the [[Sauron|Enemy]].<ref name="A"/><br />
<br />
Aldarion's successors continued his works and even fought with the pre-Númenóreans<ref>{{UT|Numenor}}</ref> until they attacked and ambushed the Númenóreans when they could. They became their enemies giving no thought to husbandry or replanting. The Númenóreans wrecked the banks, the shorelines, great tracks and roads whom they drove into the forests northwards and southwards from the [[Gwathló]]<ref name="GC"/> and continued battling and destroying what lied ahead of them, pushing into [[Minhiriath]] and [[Enedwaith]], establishing themselves inland as far as the river [[Glanduin]] (the southern boundary of [[Eregion]]), beyond which pre-Númenóreans and hostile peoples lived, a remnant of the peoples that had dwelt in the vales of the White Mountains in ages past<ref>{{App|Languages}}</ref><ref name="GC"/> The natives overcame their fear of the Elves and fled from Minhiriath into the dark woods of the great [[Cape of Eryn Vorn]] (south of the mouth of [[Baranduin]]). Those from Enedwaith took refuge in the eastern mountains ([[Dunland]]).<ref name="GC"/><br />
<br />
[[Sauron]] recruited pre-Númenóreans and in the early second millennium he increased pressure on the West, left his stronghold in [[Rhûn]] and relocated in [[Mordor]], drawing closer to the Númenórean sphere of influence. Sauron welcomed by the natives and used the haters of Númenor as spies and guides for his raiders who caused havoc and burned their settlements. He had not enough force to assault the forts at the Haven or along the banks of the [[Gwathló]]. However his regular troops attempted to conquest Eriador, hunting and killing Middle Men and the Elves and by {{SA|1700}} had mastered all Eriador, up to the River [[Lhûn]] and besieged [[Rivendell]].<ref name="GC"/><br />
<br />
Eriador was already ruined by the time the Númenórean fleet was sent by king [[Tar-Minastir]]. They caught Mordor's troops in the rear and defeated them, bringing peace to the Westlands.<ref name="GC"/> <br />
<br />
They explored the coasts of Middle-earth far southward establishing landing and trading posts that grew into cruel vice-kingdoms which left many rumours in the legends of Men, although the Eldar did not know about them<ref>{{PM|Akallabeth}}</ref> In the south they found a useful natural haven already called [[Umbar]] by the natives.<br />
<br />
The Númenóreans founded [[Pelargir]] in {{SA|2350}} and discovered the pre-Númenóreans [[Oathbreakers|Men of the Mountains]] near [[Dunharrow]]<ref>{{HM|RK}}</ref> who eventually repented when Sauron left from Mordor and the power of Gil-galad had grown great.<ref name="Rings">{{S|Rings}}</ref><br />
<br />
As the shadow spread over Númenor, [[Tar-Ciryatan]] sailed to Middle-earth, bringing numerous treasures back to Númenor. Later more lands were occupied, plundered or forced to pay heavy tribute in return for the lives of their inhabitants. Towards the end of the kingdom, when their religion had changed and human sacrifices were made towards [[Morgoth|Melkor]], many of the victims were people of Middle-earth taken as prisoners. Because of these acts they were looked upon in fear, called the "Death" itself and the Men of Middle-earth trembled at the sight of a mighty Númenórean ship on the waters of [[Belegaer]]. However, the Faithful shared not the behavior of the King's Men and though they also built a port in Middle-earth, named Pelargir, it was not for the sake of plundering, but meant to be a haven far from those of the opposing party.<br />
<br />
When the [[Elendili]] established the [[Realms in Exile]], many Men turned from evil and became subject to them even though the pre-Númenóreans were not friendly to them and never learned to distinguish between the [[King's Men]] and the [[Faithful]].<ref name="Rings"/> During this time the [[King of the Dead|King of the Mountains]] first swore allegiance to [[Isildur]] even though he and many other men were still influenced by their old allegiance to Sauron. <br />
<br />
When Sauron returned Isildur summoned the Men of the Mountains to fulfill their oath, but they would not because they still feared Sauron. They hid in the mountains, isolated, until slowly dwindling in the barren hills they became the [[Oathbreakers|Dead Men of Dunharrow]].<br />
<br />
===Sauron's Influence===<br />
<br />
The only daughter of the king [[Tar-Palantir]], a friend of the Eldar who tried to restore the old ways, was [[Tar-Míriel]]. According to the [[Law of Succession in Númenor|New Law]] she had the right to inherit the throne, but her cousin Pharazôn forced her into marriage, and took the Sceptre for himself, becoming known as Ar-Pharazôn the Golden, the most proud and powerful of all the kings. He desired not only immortality as the ones before him had, but also the dominion over the entire world. For this he gathered a great fleet and opposed the greatest opponent in the path of his task: Sauron. <br />
<br />
So mighty were the Númenóreans that the servants of Sauron fled even before the battle began and their leader was taken as a prisoner back to the island of Elenna. Through numerous lies he poisoned the mind of the king and became master of his council, changing even the religion of the Númenóreans and turning them into servants of the dark [[Morgoth]]. And because he assured Ar-Pharazôn that if he ever reached Aman he would become immortal, the last king gathered once more a great host of ships and sailed to break the Ban of the Valar.<br />
<br />
===Downfall===<br />
[[File:Ted Nasmith - Queen Tar-Míriel and the Great Wave.jpg|thumb|left|[[Ted Nasmith]] - ''Queen Tar-Miriel and the Great Wave'']]<br />
<br />
Pharazôn's attempt to reach Valinor and his previous preparations for war with the Eldar raised the anger of [[Manwë]] who sent his eagle-shaped storm clouds to Númenor. Lightning struck the land, including the temple of Melkor, where human sacrifices were made. Because Sauron himself stood in their path and was not hurt by them, the Númenóreans were deceived even more into thinking he was their rightful god.<br />
<br />
Ar-Pharazôn sailed at the head of his fleet known as the [[Great Armament]], led by the flagship [[Alcarondas]], set course towards Valinor and reached Tol Eressëa. His pride fooled him into thinking that the inhabitants of Aman would not stand in his way, because the land was quiet and peaceful, and thus he set camp near the [[Túna]] hill. But Manwë, the Elder King, was aware of what transpired, and the Valar then laid down the Guardianship of Arda. Ilúvatar responded by catastrophically changing the shape of Arda. The Númenóreans present in Valinor were buried under the hills which fell upon them, and on the great island fire was erupted from the top of Meneltarma. The land crumbled into pieces and a great wave swept over it and buried the island at the bottom of the sea. Its people were taken by the waters, and this tragedy brought an end to the Númenórean realm, in {{SA|3319}}.<br />
<br />
===Epilogue===<br />
[[File:The Lord of the Rings - The Motion Picture Trilogy - Elendil.jpg|thumb|250px|right|Elendil in ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]'']]<br />
The only ones to survive the Downfall of Númenor were Elendil and his sons, [[Isildur]] and [[Anárion]], along with the few people of the Elendili. They escaped the [[Akallabêth]] with nine ships, a seedling of [[Nimloth of Númenor|Nimloth]], which Isildur had rescued the night before its destruction and the Seven [[Seeing-stones]]. Cast ashore by the storm on the western lands of Middle-earth, they founded the Númenórean realms in exile: [[Arnor]] and [[Gondor]]. Their war with Sauron continued in the lands of Middle-earth. Fighting side by side with the Elves and the [[Dwarves]] they opposed and defeated him during the [[War of the Last Alliance]].<br />
<br />
Long after the Fall there was a belief among those who survived it that the Holy Mountain Meneltarma was not swallowed by the waters, but instead raised to be a new island of its own. The heirs of Elendil built great ships once more and set on its search, not only because they yearned for their home, but also because from that point, the top of Meneltarma, Tol Eressëa could be spotted and their hearts still desired to reach the West, against all warnings. But they never found the top of Meneltarma and their voyages served only to discover that Arda was a round world.<br />
==Culture==<br />
The Númenóreans were extremely skilled in arts and craft, with the forging of weapons and armour; although they were a peaceful people, their weapons, armour, and horse-riding skills could not be contested anywhere else in [[Arda]], save for the [[Valar]]. But the Númenóreans were not warmongers, hence the chief art on the island became that of ship-building and sea-craft. The Númenóreans became great mariners, exploring the world in all directions save for the westward, where the [[Ban of the Valar]] was in force. They often traveled to the shores of Middle-earth, teaching the men there the art and craft, and introduced farming as to improve their everyday lives.<br />
<br />
The Númenóreans spoke [[Adunaic]], a [[Mannish]] language that descended from the Mannish languages spoken in [[Beleriand]]. However their forefathers, the Edain, had learned [[Sindarin]] which was passed on to Númenor. As a language of lore, it changed only a litte with the millennia. Educated Númenóreans also studied [[Quenya]], having a prestige above all other tongues.<ref>{{App|Men}}</ref><br />
<br />
Respected as a law was the [[Ban of the Valar]], which stated that Númenóreans should never sail West more than the limit of their sight when looking after their shores. As the fear of death filled more and more the hearts of the Númenóreans, they sailed further away from the island, until finally the last king, Ar-Pharazôn, broke the Ban in his attempt to reach [[Tol Eressëa]] out of the false belief that dwelling in that place granted immortality. <br />
===Religion and Tradition===<br />
<br />
Towards the middle of Mittalmar stood the Mountain [[Meneltarma]], the sacred place on which [[Ilúvatar|Eru]] was worshiped. Its flattened top was wide enough to contain a great crowd during the three yearly ceremonies ([[Erukyermë]], [[Erulaitalë]] and [[Eruhantalë]]). These took place in absolute silence while climbing its slopes. Soon after {{SA|3262}} these religious beliefs were abandoned and the worshiping of [[Morgoth|Melkor]] began. It was done in a cylindrical temple near the city of Armenelos built especially for this, and it involved sacrificing men and women over a great fire, whose first flames were lit from the [[White Tree of Tol Eressëa]].<br />
<br />
Whenever ships sailed from Númenor, the custom of the [[Green Bough of Return]] took place. A branch from the [[Fragrant Trees|Fragrant Tree]] [[Oiolairë]] was set at the prow as a symbol of good fortune by a Númenórean woman, close relative to the captain of the ship. [[Erendis]], wife of Tar-Aldarion, refused to do so in disagreement with her husband's frequent voyages towards Middle-earth, breaking this tradition for the first time.<br />
<br />
===Daily Life===<br />
[[File:Ivan Ulicny - The Age of Númenor.jpg|thumb|Ivan Ulicny - ''The Age of Númenor'']]<br />
Many of the inhabitants of Númenor were fishermen. Along with the grains cultivated in Orrostar, fish was the main food source for the Númenóreans.<br />
<br />
The Dúnedain were skilled in riding and loved horses. They could even call them in their thoughts, if bound by friendship. Númenor had no paved roads, so that the carriages could move on them more easily. From the [[Noldor]] they learned the art of forging swords, axes, spears, knives, but mostly bows; their arrows resembled dark clouds falling upon the enemies. <br />
<br />
The Númenóreans, were skilled in the art of husbandry, breeding great horses that roamed across the open plains in Mittalmar. <br />
<br />
The greatest love of the Númenóreans was the sea and the building of the largest ships. Most were built at the command of Tar-Aldarion, who also established the [[Guild of Venturers]]. The ship ''[[Eämbar]]'' was their headquarters.<br />
<br />
==Characteristics==<br />
The average Númenórean was taller than two [[Ranga]]r or 6'4". Elendil was the tallest of Men who escaped the Downfall (mentioned to be almost 2.5 [[rangar]] tall, 7'11" or 2.41 m)<ref>{{UT|Linear}}</ref><br />
<br />
While most Númenóreans lived around 350 years, royal kindred live 400 years. This longer lifespan resulted in an older age of adulthood: 25 years.<ref>{{UT|Aldarion}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Names==<br />
In their own language, the Númenóreans were named '''Adûnâim'''.<ref>{{HM|SD}}, p. 426</ref><br />
<br />
The Númenóreans were also known as '''High Men'''.<ref>{{HM|PM}}, pp. 312, 427</ref><ref>{{PE|17}}, p. 101</ref> (Cf. [[Middle Men]]). They were also known as Sea-kings, Men of the Sea and Lords of the Sea<ref>{{HM|Guide}}, p. 297</ref><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[:Category:Images of Númenóreans|Images of Númenóreans]]<br />
*[[King of Númenor]]<br />
*[[Black Númenóreans]]<br />
*[[Dúnedain]]<br />
*[[Númenor]]<br />
*[[Akallabêth]]<br />
{{references}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Edain]]<br />
[[Category:Men]]<br />
[[Category:Númenóreans| ]]<br />
[[fi:Númenorilaiset]]<br />
[[fr:encyclo/peuples/hommes/numenoreens]]</div>108.63.142.187https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Eriador&diff=299404Eriador2018-05-19T21:16:26Z<p>108.63.142.187: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{location infobox<br />
| name=Eriador<br />
| image=[[File:Stephen Raw - Middle-earth map (1 of 4).png|250px]]<br />
| caption="Middle-earth map (1 of 4)" by [[Stephen Raw]]<br />
| pronun=<br />
| othernames=Possibly the [[Lone-lands]], almost synonymous with [[Arnor]]<br />
| location=North-west [[Middle-earth]], between the [[Misty Mountains]] and the [[Blue Mountains]]<br />
| type=Region<br />
| description=Large, inhabited region scattered with hills and forests<br />
| regions=[[Angmar]]<br/>[[Arnor]]<br/>[[Arthedain]]<br/>[[Cardolan]]<br/>[[Eregion]]<br/>[[Rhudaur]]<br/>[[The Shire]]<br/>[[Thorin's Halls]]<br />
| towns=[[Hobbiton]], [[Michel Delving]], [[Bree]], [[Annúminas]], [[Fornost Erain]], [[Tharbad]], [[Ost-in-Edhil]], [[Rivendell]]<br />
| inhabitants=[[Dwarves]]<br/>[[Elves]]<br/>[[Hobbits]]<br/>[[Men]]<br />
| created=<br />
| destroyed=<br />
| events=[[Arnor#History|Foundation of Arnor]]<br/>[[Rings of Power#The Creation of the Rings of Power|Forging of the Rings]]<br/>[[War of the Elves and Sauron]]<br/>[[Hobbits#History|Arrival of Hobbits]]<br/>[[Great Plague|The Great Plague]]<br/>[[Fell Winter (Third Age)|The Fell Winter]]<br/>[[Battle of Bywater]]<br />
}}<br />
{{Pronounce|Eriador2.mp3|Ardamir}}'''Eriador''' was the large region in the north-west of [[Middle-earth]], defined between [[Lindon]] and the [[Blue Mountains]] to the west and [[Rhovanion]] and the [[Misty Mountains]] to the east.<br />
<br />
It was inhabited by all the [[Free peoples]] of Middle-earth, being the location of many of the most important events of the [[Second Age|Second]] and [[Third Age|Third]] Ages. By the end of the Third Age, its main inhabitants were [[Hobbits]] of [[the Shire]] and [[Men]] of the surrounding lands.<br />
<br />
==Boundaries==<br />
===First Age===<br />
[[Image:Steven White Jr. - North-west of Middle-earth (First Age).png|thumb|left|200px|[[User:Smeagol|Steven White Jr.]] - ''Middle-earth in the First Age'']]<br />
It is known that the Blue Mountains existed during the First Age more formidable and longer than in the latter Ages;<ref name="Silm-map">{{S|Map}}</ref> whereas [[Morgoth|Melkor]] reared the [[Misty Mountains]] before the arrival of the [[Elves]] in order to hinder [[Oromë]]<ref name="Silm-Captive">{{S|Captivity}}</ref>. These ranges surrounded the eastern and western borders of Eriador.<br />
<br />
The [[Iron Mountains]] (''Ered Engrin'') stretched across the north of the world in a curve from east to west, standing on the border of the [[Dor Daedeloth|region of everlasting cold]]<ref name="Silm-Bel">{{S|Beleriand}}</ref> and can be considered that they were northern border of Eriador.<ref>It is also seen in [[:File:J.R.R. Tolkien - Ambarkanta Map V.png|this map drawn by Tolkien]]</ref><br />
<br />
It is unclear what the borders of Eriador were to the south; it is unknown whether the [[Greyflood]] or [[Lhûn|Lune]] rivers even existed in the First Age. Presumably the Greyflood followed the same route through Eriador to the lower end of the extended Blue Mountains - before reaching the sea somewhere to the west of the [[White Mountains]].<ref name="Atlas">[[Karen Wynn Fonstad]], ''[[The Atlas of Middle-earth]]'', revised edition, p. 4</ref><br />
<br />
===Second, Third and Fourth Ages===<br />
{{blockquote|Eriador was of old the name of all the lands between the [[Misty Mountains]] and the [[Blue Mountains|Blue]]; in the South it was bounded by the [[Greyflood]] and the [[Glanduin]] that flows into it above [[Tharbad]].|{{App|Eriador}}}}<br />
<br />
In the [[Second Age|Second]], [[Third Age|Third]] and [[Fourth Age|Fourth]] ages, the boundaries of the region - listed clock-wise from due north - were as follows:<br />
*to the north, the [[Icebay of Forochel]];<br />
*to the north-east and east, the [[Misty Mountains]] (''Hithaeglir'');<br />
*to the south-east, the river [[Glanduin]];<br />
*to the south, the river [[Greyflood]] (''Gwathló'' or ''Gwathir'');<br />
*to the south-west, the [[Belegaer|Great Sea]] (''Belegaer'');<br />
*and to the west and north-west, the [[Blue Mountains]] (''Ered Luin'' or ''Ered Lindon'').<br />
<br />
{{navigation<br />
| title=Region of Eriador<br />
| north-west=[[Blue Mountains]]<br />
| north=[[Icebay of Forochel]], '''[[Forodwaith (lands)|Forodwaith]]'''<br />
| north-east=[[Misty Mountains]], '''[[Forodwaith (lands)|Forodwaith]]'''<br />
| west=[[Blue Mountains]], [[Gulf of Lune|Gulf of Lhûn]], '''[[Lindon]]'''<br />
| east=[[Misty Mountains]], ''' [[Rhovanion]]'''<br />
| south-west=[[Belegaer]]<br />
| south=[[Gwathló]], '''[[Enedwaith]]'''<br />
| south-east=[[Glanduin]], [[Dunland]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==Geography==<br />
:''See also: [[:Category:Eriador]] and [[:Category:Cities, towns and villages of the Shire]]''<br />
Eriador was a large, inhabited temperate region in the north-west of [[Middle-earth]] which enjoyed warm summers and increasingly cool winters.<ref name="Prologue"/> At its widest extent, it stretched for around 675 miles from east-to-west, around 690 miles from north-to-south, 740 miles from northeast-to-southwest and 750 miles from northwest-to-southeast.<ref name="Distance">Estimates by [[User:Mith]] based on [[:File:Middle-earth map (1 of 4).png|the map from ''The Lord of the Rings'']]</ref><br />
[[File:J.R.R. Tolkien - Old Man Willow.jpg|thumb|left|200px|Drawing by [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] showing the [[Withywindle]]]]<br />
The most important rivers were: the [[Lhûn|Lune]] ([[Sindarin]] ''Lhûn'') which flowed through the Blue Mountains to form the [[Gulf of Lune]]; the [[Baranduin|Brandywine]] (Sindarin ''Baranduin'') which flowed out of [[Lake Evendim|Lake Evendim]] (''Nenuial'') to form the eastern-boundary of [[the Shire]]; and the [[Gwathló|Greyflood]] (''Gwathló'') which formed the southern-border of Eriador. Other rivers include: the [[Glanduin]], which flowed out of [[Eregion|Hollin]] (''Eregion'') and into the Greyflood above [[Tharbad]], forming the [[Swanfleet]] (''Nîn-in-Eilph'') marsh; the [[Bruinen|Loudwater]] (''Bruinen''), passing [[Rivendell]] (''Imladris'') in the [[Ford of Bruinen]]; the [[Hoarwell]] (''Mitheithel'') which flowed out of the [[Ettenmoors]] and over which the [[Last Bridge]] passed; the [[Withywindle]] of the [[Old Forest]]; and [[The Water]], [[Stock-brook]], [[Shirebourn]] and [[Thistle Brook]] which all flowed into the Brandywine from in the Shire.<ref name="Shire-map">{{FR|Part}}</ref><ref name="ME-map">[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'', [[:File:Middle-earth map (1 of 4).png|Map 1]]</ref><br />
<br />
Central Eriador was scattered with many groups of hills including the [[Tower Hills]] (''Emyn Beraid''), [[Hills of Evendim]] (''Emyn Uial''), [[Weather Hills]] as well as the [[Far Downs]], [[White Downs]], [[South Downs]], [[North Downs]] and [[Barrow-downs]] (''Tyrn Gorthad''); [[Karen Wynn Fonstad|Fonstad]] noted that the "''longitudinal axes [of the hills] formed concentric rings''".<ref name="Atlas-Eriador">[[Karen Wynn Fonstad]], ''[[The Atlas of Middle-earth]]'', revised edition, p. 72</ref> Despite large deforestation by the [[Númenóreans]] during the [[Second Age]]<ref name="UT-Galadriel" /> some wooded areas remained, such as the [[Old Forest]], [[Woody End]], [[Bindbole Wood]] (sometimes seen as "Bindbale"), [[Chetwood]] around [[Bree-hill]], the [[Trollshaws]], and, largest of all, [[Eryn Vorn]];<ref name="ME-map"/> [[Eregion|Hollin]] was so named due to the large numbers of holly trees which grew there.<ref name="FR-Journey">{{FR|Journey}}</ref> Other geographic features include [[Midgewater Marshes]], [[Rushock Bog]], and [[Overbourn Marshes]].<ref name="Shire-map"/><br />
<br />
The [[East Road|East-West Road]] crossed Eriador from Rivendell in the east to the Grey Havens in the west whilst the [[Greenway]] ran south from [[Fornost Erain|Fornost]], linking [[Arnor]] and [[Gondor]];<ref name="FR-Sign">{{FR|Sign}}</ref> the Greenway and the East-West Road met at [[Bree]]. Key [[Elves|Elvish]] settlements included the [[Grey Havens]], [[Ost-in-Edhil]]<ref name="S-Rings">{{S|Rings}}</ref> and [[Rivendell]]; for the [[Dúnedain]] there were [[Weathertop]], [[Annúminas]], and [[Fornost Erain]] as well as the [[Númenóreans|Númenórean]] ports of [[Tharbad]] and [[Lond Daer]] (earlier known as [[Vinyalondë]]).<br />
<br />
==Inhabitants==<br />
===Free Peoples===<br />
The five [[free peoples]] as reckoned by [[Treebeard]], after the inclusion of [[Hobbits]]:-<br />
<br />
* [[Dwarves]]:<br />
** Since before the [[First Age]] in both [[Moria]] and in mines and halls within the eastern side of the [[Blue Mountains]].<ref name="Silm-Sindar"/><br />
* [[Elves]]:<br />
** [[Nandor]] as a wood-land people ([[First Age]]);<ref name="Silm-Sindar"/><br />
** [[Noldor]] during the [[Second Age]] in [[Eregion]] ({{SA|750}} - {{SA|1697|n}}) and [[Rivendell]] ({{SA|1697}} onwards).<ref name="App-B1"/><br />
* [[Ents]]:<br />
** The great wood that once spanned the whole of Eriador (largely deforested by [[Númenóreans]] for ship-building) used to be traversed by Ents (until sometime during [[Second Age]]).<ref name="TT-Treebeard">{{TT|Treebeard}}</ref><br />
* [[Hobbits]]:<br />
** First entered Eriador in around {{TA|1150}};<ref name="App-B2" /><br />
** At [[Bree]] (from c. {{TA|1300}});<ref name="App-B2" /><br />
** In [[the Shire]] and [[Buckland]] ({{TA|1601}} and {{TA|2340}} onwards, respectively);<ref name="App-B2" /><br />
** In the [[Westmarch]] ({{FoA|31}} onwards).<ref name="App-B5" /><br />
* [[Men]]:<br />
** [[Edain]] and [[Easterlings]] during the [[First Age]] - their descendants stay into the [[Fourth Age]], some living at [[Bree]] and [[Eryn Vorn]];<ref name="UT-Wife" /><br />
** [[Númenóreans]] in [[Vinyalondë]] and [[Tharbad]] (from around {{SA|800}});<ref name="UT-Wife" /><br />
** [[Dúnedain]] founding the realm of [[Arnor]] ({{SA|3320}}).<ref name="App-B2" /><br />
<br />
===Others===<br />
[[File:John Howe - Wolves.jpg|right|thumb|200px|[[John Howe]] - ''Wolves'']]<br />
* [[Barrow-wights]]:<br />
** Evil spirits sent by the [[Witch-king]] of [[Angmar]] to inhabit the corpses of the [[Dúnedain]]'s ancestors in the [[Barrow-downs]] (circa {{TA|1636}} onwards).<ref name="App-Eriador"/> <br />
* [[Orcs]]:<br />
** Unknown, but inhabited [[Angmar]] (c. {{TA|1300}} - {{TA|1975|n}});<ref name="App-B2" /><br />
** Blocked passes into Eriador across the [[Misty Mountains]] (from {{TA|2480}});<ref name="App-B2" /><br />
** Began invading Eriador (from {{TA|2740}}) including invading the [[Northfarthing]] ({{TA|2747}}).<ref name="App-B2" /><br />
* [[Tom Bombadil]] and [[Goldberry]]:<br />
** Lived in the [[Old Forest]] - of unknown race. Tom had lived there since anyone could remember.<ref name="FR-Council"/><br />
* [[Trolls]]:<br />
** Lived in the [[Ettenmoors]], to the north-east of Eriador;<ref name="HM-Trolls">{{HM|RC}}, p. 183</ref><br />
** [[Thorin and Company]] encountered three trolls in the area known as [[Trollshaws]] ({{TA|2941}}).<ref name="Hob-Mutton"/><br />
* [[Wolves]]:<br />
** [[Chieftains of the Dúnedain|Chieftain]] [[Aragorn I]] was slain by wolves in Eriador, "''which ever after remained a peril''" ({{TA|2327}}).<ref name="App-Eriador"/><ref name="App-North">{{App|North}}</ref><br />
** [[White Wolves]] invaded Eriador from the north during the [[Fell Winter (Third Age)|Fell Winter]] ({{TA|2911}}).<ref name="App-B2" /><br />
<br />
==History==<br />
===Earlier History===<br />
:''See also: [[Great Journey|Great March]]''<br />
<br />
Before the [[First Age]], the [[Three Kindreds]] of the [[Elves]] passed through Eriador on their way to [[Beleriand]], to make the trip to [[Valinor]]. First came the [[Vanyar]], following closely by the [[Noldor]], but the third kindred, the [[Teleri]], tarried and were only urged forward at the behest of their lord, [[Elwë Singollo|Elwë]], who was keen to return to [[Valinor]].<ref name="Silm-Captive" /><br />
<br />
Not all of the Teleri continued on the march as when the host reached the great river [[Anduin]] [[Lenwë]] led some of his people southwards away from the rest of his kin: these people became the [[Nandor]].<ref name="Silm-Captive" /> Some of these people eventually passed into Eriador, and dwelt there for a time, before [[Denethor (Nando)|Denethor]], son of Lenwë, gathered as many of the Nandor as possible and removed to [[Ossiriand]] to become the [[Nandor#Lenwë and Denethor|Laiquendi]].<ref name="Silm-Sindar">{{S|Sindar}}</ref><br />
<br />
Another group that awoke and appeared during this time were the [[Firebeard]] and [[Broadbeam]] Dwarves. After they had awakened beneath Mount Dolmed, they eventually crossed over into Beleriand in {{YT|1250|n}} and encountered the Sindar for the first time.<br />
They also built the two great Dwarf cities of Nogrod and Belegost in the Ered Luin, which were the chief suppliers of weaponry to the Elves of Beleriand, and as well as home to the world's greatest crafters.<br />
<br />
===First Age===<br />
In {{FA|310}} the first [[Men]] of the [[House of Bëor]] entered [[Beleriand]] from Eriador,<ref name="WOTJ">{{WJ|West}}, pp. 215 and 226</ref> and were discovered by [[Finrod|Finrod Felagund]]. These Men quickly made friendship with the [[Eldar]] and entered into their service, but [[Bereg]], great-grandson of [[Bëor]], was discontent and led those of like mind with himself back over the [[Blue Mountains|mountains]] into Eriador.<ref name="Silm-Men">{{S|West}}</ref><br />
<br />
Living in Eriador during the [[First Age]] were also men known as [[Easterlings#Easterlings of the First Age|Easterlings]], or ''Swarthy Men'', who they were led by [[Bór]] and [[Ulfang the Black|Ulfang]]. In {{FA|463}} Bór and Ulfang led many Men into Beleriand, as Men were often drawn westwards, and they met with the Eldar.<ref name="Silm-Fingolfin">{{S|Fingolfin}}</ref> Bór was faithful to the Eldar and his people followed [[Maedhros]] and [[Maglor]], but [[Ulfang the Black|Ulfang]] [[Treachery of Men|betrayed]] the Eldar and [[Edain]] in the [[Nirnaeth Arnoediad]] - even though he swore an oath of allegiance with [[Caranthir]] - successfully fulfilling the designs of [[Morgoth]] in the process.<ref name="Silm-Fifth">{{S|Fifth}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Second Age===<br />
=====Elves and Númenóreans=====<br />
:''See also: [[Númenóreans#Dominion over the Men of Middle-earth]]''<br />
Following the [[War of Wrath]] - and the destruction of [[Beleriand]] - many [[Elves]] left for [[Aman]] whilst the remnants of the [[Edain]] removed to live on the newly-formed isle of [[Númenor]]. The remaining Elves moved to [[Middle-earth]], and in the year {{SA|750|n}} of the [[Second Age]] the remnants of the [[Noldor]] established the realm of [[Eregion]] in the south-east of Eriador.<ref name="App-B1">{{App|B1}}</ref><br />
<br />
In {{SA|600}} the first [[Númenóreans|Númenórean]] ships began to visit [[Middle-earth]] and when news of this reached the [[Men]] of Eriador they were amazed and scared. On the [[Tower Hills]] the Númenóreans met with just twelve [[Men]] from Eriador and both sides recognised their ancient kinship: the Númenóreans discovered that these people lived in the hills east of the [[Baranduin]] and were likely the descendants of the people of [[Bëor]] and [[Hador]] who never crossed the [[Blue Mountains]].<ref name="UT-Wife" /><br />
[[File:Felix Sotomayor - Ost-in-Edhil cropped.jpg|thumb|right|200px|[[Felix Sotomayor]] - ''[[Ost-in-Edhil]]'']]<br />
In {{SA|725}} [[Tar-Aldarion|Aldarion]] first visits [[Lindon]] and Eriador and begins a long-lasting friendship with [[Gil-galad]]. He made many voyages to Middle-earth and established the haven of [[Vinyalondë]] (later known as [[Lond Daer]]) on the banks of the river [[Gwathir]] - a move which proved crucial in defeating Sauron later in the Second Age.<ref name="UT-Wife">{{UT|Wife}}</ref> As a mariner, Aldarion had a great desire to build ships and in order to this he began deforesting much of the [[Minhiriath]] and [[Enedwaith]]; this angered the native forest-dwelling Men who subsequently fled to the forest of [[Eryn Vorn]].<ref name="UT-Galadriel" /><br />
<br />
=====War with Sauron=====<br />
:''See also: [[Of the Rings of Power and the Third Age]]''<br />
<br />
The Noldor of Eregion grew in unparalleled friendship with the [[Dwarves]] of [[Moria|Khazad-dûm]], to the benefit of both peoples, and there was much traffic between the Elven city of [[Ost-in-Edhil]] and the [[Doors of Durin|West-gate]] of Moria. In Eregion the Elven craftsmen became great in knowledge as they were led by [[Celebrimbor]], grandson of [[Fëanor]], the most skilled of the [[Gwaith-i-Mírdain]] ("the People of the Jewel-smiths").<ref name="Silm-Rings">{{S|Rings}}</ref> <br />
<br />
[[Sauron]] saw that the [[Elves]] of [[Eregion]] were vulnerable and he came to them in the guise of [[Annatar]], "Lord of Gifts", and they welcomed him and he taught them many things of lore and smith-craft. In {{SA|1500}}, when the knowledge and skill of the Elves reached its height, they began the [[Rings of Power#The Creation of the Rings of Power|forging]] of the [[Rings of Power]], but, in {{SA|1600}}, Sauron secretly created [[the One Ring]] to rule over all the other Rings.<ref name="Silm-Rings" /><br />
<br />
When Sauron put on the Ring the Elves realised they had been fooled so they hid all the other Rings from him; Sauron, however, demanded that all the Rings be given to him as they were created with his help. When the Elves refused Sauron was vengeful and in {{SA|1693}} began the [[War of the Elves and Sauron]] with an invasion of Eriador in {{SA|1695|n}}.<ref name="Silm-Rings" /> [[Elrond]] was sent by [[Gil-galad]] with a force to aid Celebrimbor, but not only they were unable to stop Sauron, but they would also be destroyed if it weren't for an attack upon Sauron's force from the rear by [[Dwarves]] from [[Moria|Khazad-dûm]]. With some survivors from Eregion, Elrond retreated northwards.<ref name="Galadriel">{{UT|Concerning}}</ref><br />
[[File:Abe Papakhian - Death of Celebrimbor.jpg|thumb|''Death of Celebrimbor'' by Abe Papakhian]]<br />
In {{SA|1697|n}}, with Celebrimbor's death and Eregion lain waste, [[Elrond]] founded the refuge of [[Rivendell|Imladris]] as a defence against Sauron, and was joined by Men and Elves, swelling his forces; Sauron had taken over all of Eriador by {{SA|1699}}, once he drove the Dwarves back into Khazad-dûm and the gates were shut. While Sauron sent most of his army west to attack [[Lindon]] he had to leave a strong detachment behind to contain Elrond<ref name="Galadriel"/>and [[First Siege of Imladris|besieged Imladris]].<ref name="App-B1" /><br />
<br />
[[Gil-galad]] sent word to [[King of Númenor|King]] [[Tar-Minastir]] of [[Númenor]] calling for aid, but when the ships finally arrived in {{SA|1700}} (landing in Lindon and [[Vinyalondë]]) Sauron was already preparing his invasion of [[Lindon]]. The forces of [[Gil-galad]], [[Elrond]] and [[Ciryatur]] caused heavy losses at [[Sarn Ford]] before Sauron's forces were utterly destroyed at the [[Battle of the Gwathló]], with Sauron barely escaping with his life. However, Eriador lay in ruins as many of the native [[Men]], Elves and Númenóreans had been killed by Sauron and his forces had ravaged the lands and destroyed many of the remaining forests.<ref name="UT-Galadriel">{{UT|Galadriel}}</ref><br />
<br />
The Elven lords decided in a Council that Imladris should become the new Elvish stronghold in eastern Eriador after the destruction of Eregion; Gil-galad also bestowed the ring [[Vilya]] upon Elrond and made him his vice-regent.<ref name="Galadriel"/><br />
<br />
=====Last Alliance=====<br />
:''See also: [[War of the Last Alliance]]''<br />
[[File:The Lord of the Rings - The Fellowship of the Ring - Last Alliance.jpg|thumb|left|200px|The [[War of the Last Alliance]] in ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]'']]<br />
Throughout the [[Second Age]] the [[Númenóreans]] gradually increased their power in [[Middle-earth]] by creating coastal dominions; they eventually have the strength to confront [[Sauron]] and take him prisoner to [[Númenor]]. Whilst there, Sauron seduced the [[King of Númenor|King]] - and most of the people - and persuades [[Ar-Pharazôn]] to break the [[Ban of the Valar]] causing [[Ilúvatar]] to change the shape of the [[Arda|World]], destroying Númenor in the process.<ref name="Silm-Akallabeth">{{S|Akallabeth}}</ref> [[Faithful|The Faithful]] - those Númenóreans who remained true to the [[Valar]] and friendly with the [[Elves]] - were spared and in {{SA|3320}} [[Elendil]] establishes the two [[Realms in Exile]]: [[Gondor]] in the south and [[Arnor]] in Eriador.<ref name="App-B1" /><br />
<br />
Sauron - who is now unable to take fair form<ref name="App-Numenor">{{App|Numenor}}</ref> - returned to [[Mordor]] and in {{SA|3429}} attacked [[Minas Morgul|Minas Ithil]] and burning [[White Tree of Gondor|White Tree]].<ref name="App-B1" /> [[Isildur]] - son of Elendil - fled north to join his father in Arnor who took counsel with [[Gil-galad]], for both foresaw the need to triumph over Sauron before his power grew unstoppable: in {{SA|3430}} they formed the [[Last Alliance of Elves and Men]]. In {{SA|3431}} Elendil and Gil-galad marched east to [[Rivendell|Imladris]]; the host was the fairest and most splendid in arms ever seen in Middle-earth and the greatest ever assembled since the [[Host of the Valar]].<ref name="Silm-Rings" /><br />
<br />
===Third Age===<br />
=====Arnor and Division=====<br />
[[File:John Howe - The One Ring 04.jpg|right|thumb|200px|[[John Howe]] - ''[[The One Ring]]'']]<br />
:''See also: [[Arnor]]''<br />
<br />
Following [[Sauron]]'s defeat during the [[War of the Last Alliance]], [[Isildur]] took [[the One Ring]] for himself as a [http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/weregild weregild] for his father, but, during the [[Disaster of the Gladden Fields]] the Ring betrayed him to his death; the Ring was lost and not found again for 2,500 years.<ref name="FR-Council">{{FR|Council}}</ref> The [[Kings of Arnor|kingship]] of Arnor passed to Isildur's only surviving son, [[Valandil (King of Arnor)|Valandil]] whose reign begins an uneventful 800 years in the [[Arnor|North-kingdom]].<ref name="App-B2">{{App|B2}}</ref> <br />
<br />
The unity of Arnor was broken, however, when, in [[Third Age]] [[Third Age 861|861]], following the death of the tenth [[Kings of Arnor|king]], [[Eärendur (King of Arnor)|Eärendur]], the dissension amongst his three sons led to the division of Arnor into three kingdoms: [[Arthedain]], [[Cardolan]] and [[Rhudaur]]. There was often strife between the kingdoms, especially over ownership of the Weather Hills and the chief ''[[Palantíri|Palantír]]'' of the North at [[Weathertop|Amon Sûl]], and this quickened the waning of the [[Dúnedain]].<ref name="App-Eriador">{{App|Eriador}}</ref><br />
<br />
{{blockquote|Arthedain was in the North-west and included the land between [[Baranduin|Brandywine]] and [[Lhûn|Lune]], and also the land north of the [[East Road|Great Road]] as far as the [[Weather Hills]]. Rhudaur was in the North-east and lay between the [[Ettenmoors]], the Weather Hills, and the [[Misty Mountains]], but included also the [[Angle of Eriador|Angle]] between the [[Hoarwell]] and the [[Loudwater]]. Cardolan was in the South, its bounds being the Brandywine, the [[Greyflood]], and the Great Road.|{{App|Eriador}}}}<br />
<br />
The line of Isildur was maintained with the [[Kings of Arthedain]] all the way through to [[Aragorn|Aragorn II]], but the line of kings in Cardolan and Rhudaur quickly dwindled. By {{TA|1349|n}}, with the rule of [[Argeleb I]], the Kings of Arthedain were once again claiming lordship over all of Arnor and prefixed their names with ''[[Ar|ar-]]'' in recognition of this.<ref name="App-North">{{App|North}}, note 4</ref><br />
<br />
=====Rise of Angmar=====<br />
[[File:Rob Alexander - The Witch King of Angmar.jpg|left|thumb|200px|The [[Witch-king|Witch King]] of [[Angmar]] by [[Rob Alexander]]]]<br />
In the year {{TA|1300}}<ref name="App-B2" /> evil things begin to return to the world with the [[Witch-king]] founding the evil realm of [[Angmar]] beyond the [[Ettenmoors]] in the far north-east of Eriador, hoping to utterly destroy the [[Dúnedain]] of the North, seeing hope in the fragmentation of [[Arnor]].<ref name="App-Eriador" /> <br />
<br />
In league with [[Lindon]] and [[Cardolan]], [[Kings of Arthedain|King]] [[Arveleg I]] of [[Arthedain]] successfully fortified the [[Weather Hills]] against [[Angmar]] whilst [[Rivendell]] was being besieged. However, in {{TA|1409}} a great force came out of Angmar, surrounding [[Weathertop]], defeating the [[Dúnedain]], slaying Arveleg and the last prince of Cardolan whilst destroying the tower of Amon Sûl. The ''[[Amon Sûl-stone|palantír]]'' was saved in retreat to [[Fornost Erain|Fornost]] but Cardolan was ravaged and [[Rhudaur]] became a vassal-state of Angmar; in response, [[Elrond]] brought [[Elves]] from [[Lothlórien]] and [[Círdan]] sent aid from [[Lindon]] to repel Angmar from the [[North Downs]] and Fornost - for a time, Angmar was subdued.<ref name="App-Eriador" /><br />
<br />
During the [[Angmar Wars]], the weather and climate in Eriador became unfriendly, and all these circumstances forced the [[Stoors]] to leave the [[Angle of Eriador]]. In {{TA|1636}} the [[Great Plague]] came up from the south-east with many in Cardolan (especially in [[Minhiriath]]) and [[the Shire]] perishing; as Cardolan was deserted, the [[Witch-king]] sent evil spirits to dwell in the revered [[Barrow-downs]].<ref name="App-Eriador" /><br />
<br />
=====Destruction of Arnor=====<br />
:''See also: [[Arnor#The_Fall of Arthedain]] and [[Arvedui#Life as King]]''<br />
<br />
After many years of silence, King [[Araphant]] of [[Arthedain]] and King [[Ondoher]] of [[Gondor]] renewed communications between the two realms as they perceived that there was a single power directing the enemies or both [[Arnor]] and Gondor,<ref name="App-Gondor">{{App|Gondor}}</ref> as such in {{TA|1940}} Araphant's son [[Arvedui]] married Ondoher's daughter [[Fíriel]].<ref name="App-B2" /> Despite the marriage, neither kingdom was able to send aid to the other as Angmar continued to attack Athedain while the [[Wainriders]] attacked Gondor; in the [[Battle of the Camp]] of {{TA|1944}} Ondoher was killed.<br />
<br />
{{blockquote|On the death of Ondoher and his sons, Arvedui of the North-kingdom claimed the crown of Gondor, as the direct descendent of [[Isildur]], and as the husband of Fíriel, only surviving child of Ondoher. The claim was rejected. In this [[Pelendur]], the [[Stewards of Gondor|Steward]] of King Ondoher, played the chief part.<br/><br/>The [[Council of Gondor]] answer: "''The crown and royalty of Gondor belongs solely with the heirs of [[Meneldil]], son of [[Anárion]], to whom Isildur relinquished this realm. In Gondor this heritage is reckoned through the sons only; and we have not heard that the law is otherwise in Arnor.''"|{{App|Gondor}}}}<br />
<br />
Instead, a distant relative, [[Eärnil II|Eärnil]], was chosen as [[Kings of Gondor|King]]. Arvedui did not press his claim, but nor did the [[Dúnedain of Arnor|Dúnedain of the North]] forget it, for their kingdom diminished as foretold by [[Malbeth]] the [[Seers|Seer]]: in {{TA|1974}} Angmar returned with renewed vigour, attacking the Dúnedain, capturing [[Fornost Erain|Fornost]] and destroying Arnor. After holding out for a while on the [[North Downs]], Arvedui was forced to flee to the [[Blue Mountains|mountains]] where he stayed in some old [[Dwarves|dwarf]] mines; out of hunger, he and his men travelled north and spent the winter with the [[Lossoth]] on the [[Icebay of Forochel]]. Arvedui perished and two ''[[palantíri]]'' were lost.<ref name="App-Eriador" /><br />
<br />
[[Eärnil II|Eärnil]] had told Arvedui, "''I do not forget the royalty of Arnor, nor deny our kinship, nor wish that the realms of [[Elendil]] be estranged. I will send to your aid when you have need, so long as I am able.''"<ref name="App-Gondor" /> In {{TA|1973}} he received a request for aid and sent his son, [[Eärnur]], north with a great host: they arrived at the [[Grey Havens]] too late. However, in {{TA|1975}} [[Círdan]] and Eärnur amassed a great army and met the forces of Angmar on the plain by [[Lake Evendim|Lake Nenuial]] in the [[Battle of Fornost]]: the force was too strong for the [[Witch-king]] and his army fled but his retreat was cut off by Gondor's cavalry and a host of [[Elves]] led by [[Glorfindel]] who had come north from [[Rivendell]].<ref name="App-B2" /> <br />
<br />
Despite the utter destruction of Angmar, [[Arthedain]] was also over. Arvedui's son, [[Aranarth]], took the title "[[Chieftains of the Dúnedain|Chieftain of the Dúnedain]]" and the heirlooms of [[Arnor]] were given into the keeping of [[Elrond]].<ref name="App-B2" /> The Dúnedain continued as a secretive and wandering people, fighting with the sons of Elrond to protect their former lands: they mostly lived out their full lives (save for [[Aragorn I]] who was slain by [[wolves]]) until the days of [[Arassuil]] when evil things began to multiply again.<ref name="App-Eriador" /><br />
<br />
=====Foundation of the Shire=====<br />
[[File:The Lord of the Rings - The Fellowship of the Ring - The Shire.jpg|thumb|right|200px|[[The Shire]] as seen in ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]'']]<br />
:''See also: [[The Shire#History]]''<br />
<br />
[[Hobbits]] (or ''[[Perian|Periannath]]'' in [[Sindarin]]) first entered Eriador in {{TA|1050}} when [[Harfoots]] came over the [[Misty Mountains]] from the [[Vales of Anduin]] in order to move away from [[Necromancer|the shadow]] which had fallen over [[Mirkwood|Greenwood the Great]]. In around {{TA|1150}} they were joined by the [[Fallohides]] whilst the [[Stoors]] came over the [[Caradhras#The Redhorn Gate|Redhorn Pass]] and moved to [[Dunland]] and the [[Angle of Eriador|Angle]]. With the rise of [[Angmar]] some Hobbits migrate westward and settle in [[Bree]]; in {{TA|1356}} the Stoors leave the Angle, some of whom returned to [[Rhovanion]]<ref name="App-B2" /> to become a people of fisher-folk.<ref name="App-Eriador" /><br />
<br />
In {{TA|1601}}, led by [[Marcho]] and [[Blanco]], Hobbits obtained permission from [[Kings of Arthedain|King]] [[Argeleb II]] to settle in the region beyond the [[Baranduin|Brandywine River]] on the proviso that they maintain the [[Brandywine Bridge|Bridge of Stonebows]] and other bridges and roads, whilst acknowledging Argeleb's lordship. With the foundation of [[the Shire]], the year [[Third Age]] 1601 became the year 1 in [[Shire Calendar|Shire-reckoning]].<ref name="Prologue">{{FR|Hobbits}}</ref> On the war with with Angmar the following is recorded:<br />
<br />
{{blockquote|The [[Shire-hobbits|Shire-folk]] survived, though [[Angmar War|war]] swept over them and most fled into hiding. To the help of [[Arvedui|the king]] they sent some archers who never returned; and others went also to the [[Battle of Fornost|battle in which Angmar was overthrown]] [...] Afterwards in the peace that followed the [[Shire-hobbits|Shire-folk]] ruled themselves and prospered. They chose a [[Thain]] to take the place of the King [...] The first Shire-thain was one [[Bucca of the Marish|Bucca]] of the [[Marish]], from whom the [[Oldbuck Family|Oldbucks]] claimed descent. He became Thain in {{SR|379|n}}|{{App|Eriador}}}}<br />
<br />
For the next thousand years Hobbits were little-affected by the dangers of the world around them as they grew large in both number and wealth.<ref name="Prologue"/> Despite the end of the [[Watchful Peace]] in {{TA|2460}} - with the passes across the [[Misty Mountains]] being barred by [[Sauron]]'s creatures - Eriador not was attacked by [[orcs]] until {{TA|2740|n}}.<ref name="App-B2" /> Seven years later [[Bandobras Took]] led a group of hobbits in successfully defending the Shire against marauding orcs from [[Mount Gram]] led by [[Golfimbul]] in the [[Battle of Greenfields]].<ref name="Party">{{H|Party}}</ref> Hobbits faced further hardship in {{TA|2758}} in the shape of the [[Long Winter]] which killed thousands of hobbits and resulted in a [[Days of Dearth|dreadful famine]]; in {{TA|2911}} the [[Fell Winter (Third Age)|Fell Winter]] began, freezing the rivers and bringing [[White Wolves|white wolves]] from the north (in the floods which followed the city of [[Tharbad]] was destroyed).<ref name="App-B2" /><br />
<br />
=====War of the Ring=====<br />
:''See also:'' ''[[The Hobbit]]'', ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' and ''[[War of the Ring]]''<br />
<br />
On [[14 March|March 14]], {{TA|2941}},<ref name="App-Durin">{{App|Durin}}</ref> a chance encounter between the [[wizards|wizard]] [[Gandalf]] and [[Kings of Durin's Folk|King]] [[Thorin II Oakenshield|Thorin Oakenshield]] in [[Bree]] set in motion a series of events which led to the downfall of [[Sauron]] and the establishment of the [[Reunited Kingdom]]. Thorin was seeking to regain his [[Thráin|father]]'s [[Lonely Mountain|kingdom]] and [[Arkenstone|wealth]] was seeking assistance; Gandalf - worried about the threat of the [[dragons|dragon]] [[Smaug]] - agreed to assist, and forcibly enlisted the help of [[Bilbo Baggins]].<ref name="UT-Erebor">{{UT|Erebor}}</ref> As the [[Thorin and Company|Company]] of fifteen (thirteen [[dwarves]] with Gandalf and Bilbo) travelled towards [[Rivendell]] they [[Roast Mutton|encountered three trolls]] - thanks to Gandalf they avoided death whilst managing to gain the two [[Elves|Elvish]] swords [[Glamdring]] and [[Orcrist]], and the dagger [[Sting]]. Out of this quest Bilbo obtained [[Gollum]]'s [[The One Ring|magic ring]].<ref name="H-Riddles">{{H|Riddles}}</ref><br />
[[File:Ted Nasmith - Storming the Bank.jpg|thumb|left|200px|[[Ted Nasmith]] - ''Storming the Bank'']]<br />
Following [[Bilbo's Farewell Party|Bilbo's disappearance]] in {{TA|3001}}, Bilbo's "nephew", [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]], inherited all of Bilbo's possessions, including Bilbo's ring.<ref name="FR-Party">{{FR|Party}}</ref> Bilbo travelled through Eriador, eventually staying with [[Elrond]] in Rivendell, whilst Frodo continued to live in [[Bag End]]. However, by {{TA|3018}}, Frodo, with [[Samwise Gamgee|Sam]], [[Meriadoc Brandybuck|Merry]] and [[Peregrin Took|Pippin]], is forced to set out from [[the Shire]] to head towards Bree in order to deliver what is now known to be [[the One Ring]]; on the way, the [[Hobbits]] encounter the [[Nazgûl|Black Riders]] and [[Barrow-wights]], as well as [[Farmer Maggot]], [[Gildor|Gildor Inglorion]] and [[Tom Bombadil]]. In [[Bree]], the [[Travellers]] met a man called "[[Aragorn|Strider]]", who had been sent to safely escort the hobbits to Rivendell;<ref name="FR-Strider">{{FR|Strider}}</ref> despite being attacked by Black Riders on [[Weathertop]] and again confronted by them at the [[Ford of Bruinen]], they all eventually make it safely to Rivendell. At Rivendell, a [[Council of Elrond|Council]] decides that [[Fellowship of the Ring|a group of nine people]] should go on a quest to destroy the Ring.<ref name="FR-Council" /><br />
<br />
After destroying the [[the One Ring]], witnessing the downfall of [[Sauron]] and the coronation of "Strider" as [[Kings of Gondor|King]] Elessar of [[Gondor]], the four hobbits and Gandalf returned to Eriador.<ref name="RK-Homeward">{{RK|Homeward}}</ref> Gandalf left the hobbits at the [[Old Forest]] - deciding to visit [[Tom Bombadil]] - but when they arrived at the [[Brandywine Bridge]] they saw that [[the Shire]] had been badly affected by [[Saruman]] via his puppet "[[Chief Shirriff|Chief]]" and the use of [[ruffians]]. After breaking many of the new "rules", the four hobbits were escorted to [[Hobbiton]] by a troop of [[Shirriffs]] (including [[Robin Smallburrow]]) where the four hobbits began a rebellion in the form of the successful [[Battle of Bywater]]: the ruffians were killed (as was [[Gríma|Gríma Wormtongue]]) or captured and the [[Shire-hobbits|Shire-folk]] were liberated (at the cost of [[The Roll|19 lives]]).<ref name="RK-Scouring">{{RK|Scouring}}</ref><br />
<br />
Following the [[Battle of Bywater]] and the end of the [[War of the Ring]], Frodo temporarily took the position of Deputy [[Mayor of Michel Delving|Mayor]] whilst Sam used [[Sam's garden box|his gift]] from [[Galadriel]] to replenish the Shire of its lost flora (bringing a [[Mallorn]] tree to the [[Party Field]]).<ref name="RK-Havens">{{RK|Havens}}</ref> On [[21 September|September 21]], {{TA|3021}}, Frodo and Sam set out from [[the Shire]] to meet the [[Last Riding of the Keepers|Last Riding]] of the [[Three Keepers]]: on [[29 September|September 29]] they reached the [[Grey Havens]] where Frodo, Bilbo, Gandalf, Galadriel and [[Elrond]] departed [[Middle-earth]]; the [[Red Book of Westmarch]] was left with Sam.<ref name="App-B4">{{App|Chief}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Fourth Age===<br />
In the year {{SR|1422|n}} of [[Shire Calendar|Shire-reckoning]] the [[Fourth Age]] began following the departure of the [[Ring-bearers]], the defeat of [[Sauron]] and re-establishment of [[Arnor]] in the north and [[Gondor]] in the south. In {{FoA|6}} [[Kings of Arnor|King]] [[Aragorn|Elessar]] of [[Arnor]] makes [[the Shire]] a [[Free Land]] under the protection of the [[Sceptre of Annúminas|Northern Sceptre]] and declares that no [[Men|man]] should ever enter the Shire.<ref name="App-B5">{{App|Later}}</ref> In {{FoA|15}} Elessar stays at [[Lake Evendim]], meeting his friends at [[Brandywine Bridge]]; in {{FoA|31}} he gives the [[Westmarch]] - the area between the [[Far Downs]] and [[Tower Hills]] - to the Shire as well as officially adding [[Buckland]] to the Shire.<ref name="Prologue"/> In {{FoA|61}} [[Samwise Gamgee|Sam]] eventually passed over [[Belegaer|the sea]] and in {{FoA|63}} [[Meriadoc Brandybuck|Merry]] and [[Peregrin Took|Pippin]] leave the Shire and travel south to [[Rohan]] and [[Gondor]].<ref name="App-B5"/><br />
<br />
It is unknown how many, if any, [[Elves]] were left in Eriador during the Fourth Age; presumably very few [[Noldor]], at least.<ref name="RK-Havens"/><br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
{{Transcribed|Tengwar Eriador.png|Eriador|Tengwar, Sindarin mode}}<br />
There are at least two, slightly different, versions of the etymology of ''Eriador'':<br />
#''Eriador'' as [[Sindarin]] (derived from [[Noldorin]]), whose derivation is quoted by [[Carl F. Hostetter]] from an unnamed note dated 1949-53. This explains that ''Eriador'' is derived from ''eryā'', "isolated, lonely" and ''[[Dôr|dor]]'', "land", thereby translating ''Eriador'' as "wilderness".<ref name="VT42">"Letters to VT" in [[Carl F. Hostetter]] (ed.), ''[[Vinyar Tengwar]]'', [[Vinyar Tengwar 42|vol. 42]], July [[2001]], p. 4</ref><br />
#In another manuscript, Tolkien stated that ''Eriador'' was a [[Silvan Elvish]] name, meaning "Lonely land" (deriving from *''eryā'', S ''eir'', ''air'').<ref name="PE17">{{PE|17}}, p. 28</ref><br />
<br />
Both translations are noticeably similar to the "[[Lone-lands]]" mentioned in ''[[The Hobbit]]'';<ref name="Hob-Mutton">{{H|Mutton}}</ref> it is unknown whether they are the same or simply coincidental.<br />
<br />
==In Other Versions of the Legendarium==<br />
In earlier sketches of the [[maps]] of [[Middle-earth]] Eriador is originally called "Forodwaith" - the name which is now applied to the [[Forodwaith (lands)|very cold region]] to the north of [[Middle-earth]].<ref name="Treason">{{TI|MII}}, pp. 305-306</ref><br />
<br />
==See Also==<br />
*[[:Category:Images of Eriador|Images of Eriador]]<br />
*[[:Category:Maps of Eriador|Maps of Eriador]]<br />
*''[[Ents, Elves, and Eriador]]''<br />
{{references}}<br />
[[Category:Eriador|*]]<br />
[[Category:Featured Articles]]<br />
[[Category:Regions]]<br />
[[Category:Silvan Elvish Locations]]<br />
[[Category:Sindarin locations]]<br />
<br />
[[de:Eriador]]<br />
[[fi:Eriador]]<br />
[[fr:encyclo:geographie:regions:eriador]]</div>108.63.142.187https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Gondor&diff=299402Gondor2018-05-19T21:09:55Z<p>108.63.142.187: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{kingdom<br />
| image=[[File:Abe Papakhian - Minas Tirith.jpg|250px]]<br />
| name=Gondor<br />
| pronun=<br />
| othernames=South-kingdom, Stoningland<br />
| location=South of [[White Mountains]], west of [[Mordor]]<br />
| capital=[[Osgiliath]] ({{SA|3320}} - {{TA|1640}})<br/>[[Minas Tirith]] (from {{TA|1640}})<br />
| towns=[[Pelargir]], [[Calembel]], [[Dol Amroth]], [[Erech]], [[Linhir]]<br/>Formerly: [[Minas Morgul|Minas Ithil]]<br />
| regions=[[Anórien]], [[Ithilien]], [[Lossarnach]], [[Lebennin]], [[Belfalas]], [[Dor-en-Ernil]], [[Lamedon]], [[Anfalas]]<br/>Formerly: [[Calenardhon]], [[Harondor]]<br />
| population=Mostly [[Gondorians]]<br />
| language=[[Westron]], [[Gondor Sindarin]]<br />
| govern1=[[Kings of Gondor|King of Gondor]]<br>King of the [[Reunited Kingdom]]<br />
| govern2=[[Ruling Steward]]<br />
| govern3=[[Council of Gondor]]<br />
| currency=[[Castar]]<br />
| holiday=[[Cormarë]] (Fourth Age)<br />
| precededby=<br />
| event1=Founded<br />
| event1date={{SA|3320}}<br />
| event2=Great Plague <br />
| event2date={{TA|1636}}<br />
| event3=First Steward<br />
| event3date={{TA|2050}}<br />
| event4=Rohan&nbsp;formed<br />
| event4date={{TA|2510}}<br />
| event5=Kings return<br />
| event5date={{TA|3019}}<br />
| followedby=<br />
}}<br />
{{Pronounce|Gondor.mp3|Ardamir}}<br />
<center>{{quote|Gondor! Gondor, between the Mountains and the Sea!<br>West Wind blew there; light upon the Silver Tree|[[Aragorn]]<ref name="tRoR">[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'', ''[[The Two Towers]]'', "[[The Riders of Rohan]]"</ref>}}</center><br />
<br />
'''Gondor''' was the '''South Kingdom'''<ref name="OtRoP"/> of the [[Númenóreans]] in [[Middle-earth]], established soon after the downfall of [[Númenor]] by [[Isildur]] and his brother [[Anárion]]. Their father [[Elendil]], who ruled the North Kingdom [[Arnor]], held the overlordship of the realm, however. Though it waned in power over time and the line of its Kings failed, Gondor survived to the end of the [[Third Age]], and had an instrumental role in the [[War of the Ring]]. After the defeat of [[Sauron]], Gondor was ruled by [[Aragorn|Elessar]], Heir of Isildur. Gondor was the seat of the [[Dominion of Men]] in the beginning of the [[Fourth Age]], and many of the tales and legends of the earlier [[Ages of the Children of Ilúvatar|Age]]s of Middle-earth come from the lore and history it preserved.<br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
=== Early History ===<br />
Before the Downfall of Númenor, the region that would become Gondor was home to many Númenórean colonists, who either mingled with the indigenous [[Middle Men]] if they were friendly, or dispersed them into [[Ras Morthil]], [[Dunland]], and [[Drúadan Forest]]. The land on which Gondor was founded was more fertile than the more northerly areas of Middle-earth, and therefore it already had a fairly large population and settlements, including a well-established haven, [[Pelargir]]<ref name="UTD">{{UT|Druedain}}</ref> founded by the [[Faithful]] Númenóreans in the year {{SA|2350|n}} of the [[Second Age]].<br />
<br />
The refugees from [[Númenor]] led by [[Isildur]] and [[Anárion]] were given a warm reception upon their arrival by those [[Númenóreans|Númenórean]] colonists. Those north of the river [[Anduin]] accepted Elendil's claim to kingship over them, being a heir of the Faithful [[Lords of Andúnie]]. South of the Great River, however, there were also-newly-exiled [[Black Númenóreans]], descendants of the [[King's Men]] of Númenor, who opposed the Faithful, and therefore did not recognize Elendil's claim. Much of Gondor's early history was marked by conflict with the Black Númenóreans.<br />
<br />
[[Image:Ted Nasmith - The White Tree.jpg|thumb|[[Ted Nasmith]] - ''The White Tree'']]After their arrival and acceptance by the people, Isildur and Anárion put themselves to the task of ordering their realm. Isildur took the area then known as [[Arnen]] (later [[Ithilien]])<ref>{{VT|42a}}, p. 17</ref> and built the tower of [[Minas Ithil]] near Mordor as a threat to the [[Mordor|Black Land]], and within its walls he planted a seedling of the [[Nimloth of Númenor|White Tree]] of Númenor that he had taken before its burning. Anárion raised the tower of [[Minas Anor]] on the other side of Anduin's floodplain as a bulwark against the [[Wild Men]]. In between their cities, the brothers founded [[Osgiliath]], their capital, from which they jointly reigned; these three cities also housed three of the ''[[palantíri]]'', the Seeing Stones that the Faithful had taken with them from Númenor, to maintain contact with Elendil and the other areas under their control.<br />
<br />
=== First Conflict with Sauron ===<br />
The Dúnedain were at first unaware that Sauron, who had been taken as a prisoner to Númenor before its destruction, had survived the disastrous Downfall. However, not long after the kingdom's cities were built, the awakening of the fires of [[Orodruin]] signaled his return. At that time, the Men of Gondor first called the mountain ''Amon Amarth'', or Mount Doom. Soon after, Sauron launched an attack on Minas Ithil, which forced Isildur into a retreat. Sauron took the fortress and burned the White Tree that had grown there, but Isildur saved one of its seedlings and took it and his family on a ship down the Anduin. He sailed to the north to confer with Elendil about these events. Anárion remained in Gondor and continued to hold Osgiliath. He also managed to push back Sauron's forces to the mountain range of [[Ephel Dúath]], but Sauron began to gather reinforcements, among whom were a large number of Black Númenóreans, and the Men of Gondor knew that their realm was in great danger of being destroyed unless aid came.<br />
<br />
=== The [[War of the Last Alliance]] ===<br />
Elendil reacted to the threat of Sauron by combining forces with [[Gil-galad]] the [[Elves|Elven]]-king to make the [[Last Alliance of Elves and Men]]. Their armies marched southeast from Arnor and Gil-galad's realm of [[Lindon]]. Supported by the forces of Gondor, [[Lórinand]], [[Mirkwood]] and the dwarves of [[Moria]], the Alliance fought a great battle on the plain of [[Dagorlad]] north of Mordor. The armies of Elendil and Gil-galad were victorious, and entered Mordor itself, where they laid a siege on Sauron's Tower of [[Siege of Barad-dûr|Barad-dûr]] for seven years. During this time, Anárion was killed by a rock thrown from the Tower that broke his helm. The siege ended when Sauron himself emerged from Barad-dûr to fight the Alliance. Gil-galad and Elendil attacked and destroyed Sauron, though they themselves were slain the process.<ref name="OtRoP">{{S|Rings}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Gondor in the Beginning of the [[Third Age]] ===<br />
====Rebuilding====<br />
After the battle, during which the long Second Age came to an end, Isildur built a secret tomb for Elendil on the mountain [[Amon Anwar]].<ref name="CE"/> He also aided Anárion's son [[Meneldil]], who was now King, in reorganizing Gondor. Isildur planted the seedling of the White Tree that he had saved in [[Minas Ithil]], and brought to Minas Anor (later known as Minas Tirith), and it endured for several centuries. After these acts, Isildur left Gondor in the third year of the Third Age with the intent of ruling his father's kingdom of Arnor. He [[Disaster of the Gladden Fields|never arrived]].<ref name="Gladden">[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], [[Christopher Tolkien]] (ed.), ''[[Unfinished Tales]]'', "[[The Disaster of the Gladden Fields]]"</ref><br />
<br />
==== Gondor Prospers ====<br />
After the war, Gondor's power and wealth grew steadily (only interrupted by an [[Easterlings|Easterling]] invasion in [[Third Age 492]]). Its power would continue to grow into the 9th century of the Third Age. While the power of Gondor's sister kingdom [[Arnor]] peaked during the 9th century, when it broke into various successor states, Gondor's greatest glory was yet to come.<br />
<br />
==== Gondor's Golden Age ====<br />
[[File:Steven White Jr. - Gondor TA1050.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Gondor in {{TA|1050}}]]Gondor's power reached its Golden Age under the four "[[Ship-kings]]"<ref name="Gondor">{{App|Gondor}}</ref> <br />
<br />
The reign of Tarannon was an unhappy one: he married [[Berúthiel]], nefarious and loveless. Unlike her husband, she hated the Sea, its smells and its sounds. Mystery began to surround her as she used her [[cats]] to spy on every one, and paranoia and fear rose. After much ado, Tarannon banished her from Gondor, setting her on an adrift ship with her cats. It was last seen passing [[Umbar]] in the South.<ref name="UTI7">{{UT|Istari}}, note 7</ref> <br />
<br />
In the reign of the powerful king Hyarmendacil I Gondor reached the height of its power. During Hyarmendacil's reign Gondor's borders reached their furthest extent. The Kingdom extended east to the [[Sea of Rhûn]]; south to the [[Harnen]] and all the coast up to the cape of [[Umbar]]; as far north as [[Celebrant]]; and west towards [[Greyflood]]. Gondor would also enjoy several centuries of peace due to its military might. The [[Men of the Vales of Anduin]] as well as the Haradrim acknowledged its authority and overlordship, with the Kings of Harad paying homage.<ref name="Gondor"/><br />
<br />
[[Rómendacil II]] built on the northern approach to [[Nen Hithoel]] the giant pillars [[Argonath]] to mark the northern border of Gondor following a great defeat over the [[Easterlings]] in {{TA|1248}}.<ref>{{App|B2}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== The Decline of Gondor ===<br />
After Rómendacil II's reign, decadence spread under the kings of Gondor and a long period of decline began (although Gondor experienced several revivals). Three great calamities struck Gondor during the second millennium of the Third Age, which are held to be the chief reasons for its decline: the [[Kin-strife]], the [[Great Plague]], and the invasion of the [[Wainriders]] (a tribe of Easterlings), one of series of conflicts in the [[Wainrider/Balchoth War]]. <br />
<br />
==== The Kin-strife ====<br />
In the 15th century a great civil war named the Kin-strife tore the nation apart. The current King Eldacar was of mixed blood: his mother was of the Northmen. Popular displeasure at this led to the overthrow of King Eldacar by Castamir, the admiral of all of Gondor's naval forces who possessed some royal blood. Eldacar's son was slain, and Eldacar fled north. Castamir was afterward known as [[Castamir|Castamir the Usurper]]. During his ten year rule he proved to be very cruel, and because of his love of his old fleet, he lavished attention on the coastal regions while the interior provinces were ignored and left to rot. Eldacar then returned with an army of his Northmen kinsmen, and they were joined by armies of Gondorians from interior provinces such as Anórien. [[Osgiliath]] was devastated during this conflict, its great bridge destroyed and its ''[[palantíri|palantír]]'' lost. Eldacar slew Castamir and reclaimed his throne, but Castamir's sons and their forces were besieged in Pelargir, the great port of Gondor. They eventually retreated to Umbar, where they joined with the Corsairs, and troubled Gondor for many years, until their descendants died out.<br />
<br />
==== The Great Plague ====<br />
In [[Third Age 1636]] the [[Great Plague]] struck and the [[White Tree of Gondor|White Tree]] died. This Plague was no localized event: the Plague swept through all of Middle-earth, reaching the successor states of Arnor and the [[Hobbits]] of [[the Shire]] in the North. King [[Tarondor (King of Gondor)|Tarondor]] found a sapling of the White Tree, and moved the capital from Osgiliath to [[Minas Anor]], the City of Anárion. During this time, Gondor was so depopulated that the fortifications guarding against the re-entry of evil into Mordor were abandoned. It is believed that had the Haradrim or Easterlings been capable of attacking Gondor at this time, it would have fallen. However, the Plague left Gondor's enemies in no better condition than Gondor itself, and neither side was capable of mounting new offensives.<br />
<br />
==== The Invasion of the Wainriders ====<br />
Following the sapping of Gondor's strength by the plague, the Wainrider invasions devastated Gondor, and the conflict lasted for almost a century. Conquering eastern and southern Rhovanion, they pushed the borders of Gondor back to the Anduin and the [[Emyn Muil]] ({{TA|1856}}). In those difficult times for both Realms in Exile, the year {{TA|1940}} marked the re-establishment of their relations, after centuries of silence and estrangement. King [[Ondoher]] took counsel with [[King of Arthedain]] [[Araphant]], and his daughter, princess [[Fíriel]], married prince [[Arvedui]].<br />
<br />
The Wainriders destroyed the Northern Army of Gondor, but survivors linked up with the victorious Southern Army of Gondor, led by general [[Eärnil I|Eärnil]], and they defeated the Wainriders as they celebrated their victory during the [[Battle of the Camp]], in {{TA|1944}}.<br />
<br />
=== The Line of the Kings Fails ===<br />
==== Reunification Rejected ====<br />
In 1944, Gondor also faced a constitutional crisis when King [[Ondoher]] was slain in a previous battle with both his sons. Prince [[Arvedui]], son of King [[Araphant]] of [[Arthedain]] and Ondoher's son-in-law, and the victorious general Eärnil, who was a distant blood-relative of Ondoher, claimed the throne. Arvedui's claim lay mainly in the reintroduction of the old Númenórean law of accession, which stated the eldest (remaining) child should succeed the king. If the law was reintroduced, then Arvedui's wife [[Fíriel]], Ondoher's daughter and last remaining child would become [[Ruling Queens of Númenor|Ruling Queen]], making their descendants Kings of both Arnor and Gondor. Arvedui also tried to put weight behind his claim as he was Isildur's heir. The Council of Gondor recognised that the name of Isildur was held in honour in Gondor, but they dictated that the South-Kingdom must be ruled by an Heir of Anárion. Due to his ancestry from Fíriel and Arvedui, more than a millennium later, Aragorn Elessar put forward his claim as the heir of both Isildur and Anárion.<br />
<br />
<br />
Eärnil lay his claim as being a direct descendant of King [[Telumehtar]] Umbardacil. His claim was also greatly bolstered by the popularity he had gained as the victorious general who saved Gondor from the Wainriders after winning the southern theatre of the war. Steward [[Pelendur]] who was temporarily ruling Gondor as serving as arbiter of succession, intervened in favour of Gondor's victorious general who would rule as [[Eärnil II]].<br />
<br />
==== The Last Heir of Anárion ====<br />
During the [[Battle of Fornost]], Eärnil II's heir Eärnur led Gondor's forces to victory over the [[Witch-king]] of [[Angmar]], who was actually the Lord of the [[Nazgûl]]. Although Eärnur wished to fight him, Eärnur's horse was terrified and fled the battle against his wishes. By the time he mastered his horse and return, the Witch-king had fled. [[Glorfindel]] the Elf then prophesied to him that it was better that he not fight the Lord of the Nazgûl because "never by the hand of man shall he fall". <br />
<br />
Eärnur later ascended to the throne, ruling from Minas Anor (Tower of the Sun). During this time, the Ringwraiths captured Minas Anor's sister city, Minas Ithil (Tower of the Moon), renaming it Minas Morgul (Tower of Sorcery) and taking it as their lair. Minas Anor was renamed Minas Tirith (Tower of Guard) as a result. The Lord of the Nazgûl repeatedly sent messengers to Minas Tirith challenging Eärnur to single combat, taunting him that he had fled out of cowardice from facing him during the Battle of Fornost. Eventually, King Eärnur was overcome by wrath and rode with a small company of knights to Minas Morgul, to accept the challenge. They were never heard from again. So ended the Line of [[Anárion]].<br />
<br />
=== The Stewards of Gondor ===<br />
==== The Ruling Stewards ====<br />
The realm was governed by a long line of hereditary Stewards after the disappearance of [[Eärnur]], son of Eärnil, since there was no proof that the last king was dead, and no claimant had enough support to be accepted as his successor. The line of Anárion was held to have failed, and Gondor was not willing to risk to another Kin-strife, which would surely have destroyed it. Whenever there was a new Steward, he would swear an oath to yield rule of Gondor back to the King, in essence only an heir of Isildur, if he should ever return. In Gondor there was no one who could claim descent from Isildur in direct line, and the northern line of Arnor had effectively disappeared, so this oath was not considered seriously. The line of Stewards ruled as Kings, without having the title.<br />
<br />
==== Cirion and Eorl ====<br />
[[Image:Ted Nasmith - The Oathtaking of Cirion and Eorl.jpg|thumb|left|200px|[[Ted Nasmith]] - ''The Oathtaking of Cirion and Eorl'']]<br />
In [[Third Age 2510]], when Steward [[Cirion]] ruled over Gondor, the nation faced one of its greatest perils: an Easterling tribe named the ''[[Balchoth]]'' invaded Gondor with massive force. Gondor's army marched to fight the Balchoth but were cut off from [[Minas Tirith]] and pushed back in the direction of the [[Limlight]].<br />
<br />
Messengers were sent to get help from the [[Éothéod]], a tribe which lived in the northern vales of the [[Anduin]], but nobody expected the messengers to reach their destination. When certain peril came upon Gondor, however, the Éothéod turned the tide of the [[Battle of the Field of Celebrant]]. After the victory the Éothéod were awarded the fields of [[Calenardhon]] north of the [[Ered Nimrais]] from the Gap of Rohan at the southern end of the [[Misty Mountains|Hithaeglir]], [[Fangorn Forest]], rivers Limlight to river [[Anduin]], western [[Emyn Muil]] and the [[Mering Stream]], where they established the kingdom of [[Rohan]] with [[Eorl the Young]] as their first king. A perpetual alliance between Gondor and Rohan was established by the oath Eorl swore to Cirion.<ref name="CE"/><br />
<br />
=== [[War of the Ring]]===<br />
[[File:Steven White Jr. - Gondor TA3019.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Gondor in {{TA|3019}}]]<br />
In 3019, during the [[War of the Ring]], Gondor was the strongest of the free nations that opposed Sauron, and thus, its defeat was his primary strategic goal in the war.<ref name="MT">{{RK|V1}}</ref> Gondor faced an all out attack on its capital Minas Tirith in the [[Battle of the Pelennor Fields]]. Although nearly defeated, the Rohirrim once again turned the tide of battle, and helped win the war, though with heavy losses.<ref name="tBotPF">{{RK|Battle}}</ref> The combined army of the West then carried the battle to Sauron at the Battle of the Morannon, a feint to distract Sauron's attention from Frodo Baggins's quest to destroy the One Ring in Mount Doom, thus causing Sauron's destruction and the allies' ultimate victory.<br />
<br />
After the second and final defeat of Sauron the Kingship was restored, [[Aragorn|Aragorn II]] became king of the [[Reunited Kingdom]] of Gondor and Arnor. <br />
<br />
[[Faramir]], last heir of the Ruling Stewards, was to retain the office of steward (though not ruling), and was made [[Prince of Ithilien]], which had been reconquered from the forces of Mordor.<ref name="tSatK">[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'', ''[[The Return of the King]]'', "[[The Steward and the King]]"</ref> Faramir would serve as the King's representative during absence or illness, and became the chief counsellor of the [[Council of Gondor]].<ref name="L244">{{L|244}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Geography==<br />
Initially, Gondor was comprised of the lands to the North and South of the [[White Mountains]], but [[Calenardhon|a large part of the northern territories]] was gifted to the [[Éothéod]] in [[Third Age 2510]].<ref name="CE">{{UT|Cirion}}</ref> Gondor's close proximity to Sauron's land was the catalyst of many battles and skirmishes, but its location also gave the Gondorians more ability to protect the other regions of Middle-earth from the Dark Lord and his servants.<ref name="CoE">{{FR|Council}}</ref><br />
===Regions===<br />
Gondor was divided between several nearly autonomous regions. These were the following:<br />
* [[Ithilien]], across the [[Anduin]] from Minas Tirith<br />
* [[Anórien]], surrounding [[Minas Tirith]]<br />
* [[Lossarnach]] <br />
* [[Lebennin]] <br />
* [[Belfalas]]<br />
* [[Dor-en-Ernil]], ruled by the [[Prince of Dol Amroth]]<br />
* [[Lamedon]], north of the [[Ringló]]<br />
* [[Ringló Vale]]<br />
* [[Anfalas]], or the Langstrand, in the south-west<br />
* [[Ethir Anduin]]<br />
<br />
The long cape of [[Andrast]] was not populated.<br />
<br />
Additionally, Gondor held or had held the following regions at certain points in its history:<br />
* [[South Gondor]], which was contested between Gondor and [[Harad]]<br />
* [[Calenardhon]], which was given to the Éothéod and became Rohan<br />
* [[Enedwaith]], never really populated by Gondor and soon abandoned<br />
* [[Rhovanion]], which was never fully under the control of Gondor but under Gondorian influence at certain times during the Third Age<br />
* [[Umbar]], which was retaken by the Corsairs of Umbar and the Haradrim<br />
* [[Haradwaith]], tributary of Gondor for a while<br />
<br />
===Cities===<br />
Cities in Gondor included:<br />
* [[Calembel]]<br />
* [[Dol Amroth]], a city on the coast of Belfalas<br />
* [[Linhir]]<br />
* [[Minas Tirith]] (originally named Minas Anor), City of the Kings<br />
* [[Osgiliath]], city and former capital of Gondor on the river Anduin, largely destroyed and abandoned by the end of the Third Age<br />
* [[Pelargir]]<br />
* [[Tarnost]] (debatable)<ref name="t2M">[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], [[Christopher Tolkien]], ''[[The War of the Ring]]'', "[[The Second Map]]"</ref><br />
<br />
===Fortresses and outposts===<br />
Additionally, Gondor used the following locations as military strongholds at certain points in its history, many of which Mordor later took:<br />
* The outposts of [[Amon Hen]] and [[Amon Lhaw]] on [[Emyn Muil]] probably had small garrisons<br />
* [[Isengard|Angrenost]], the fortress of Isengard, later granted to [[Saruman]]<br />
* [[Aglarond]], the Gondorian fortress, later known as Helm's Deep<br />
* The [[Towers of the Teeth]], built by the Gondorians to keep watch over Mordor<br />
* The Gondorian fortress guarding the pass of [[Cirith Ungol]]<br />
* The castle that came to be called [[Durthang]], the largest fortress in Mordor, originally built to guard the [[Ephel Dúath]]<br />
* [[Minas Ithil]], conquered by [[Mordor]] and renamed [[Minas Morgul]] by the Gondorians<br />
* [[Tharbad]] to the north, held by both Gondor and Arnor but abandoned and later ruined after Gondor retreated from [[Enedwaith]]<br />
* [[Umbar]], a harbour in the south which was contested by the Haradrim and lost and reclaimed several times<br />
<br />
==Languages==<br />
As the Gondorians came from Númenor, so came their language: [[Westron]], or the Common Speech, was the main language of the people of Gondor. Though the source of Westron lay in Pelargir,<ref name="AppF">[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'', ''[[Appendix F]]'', "Of Men"</ref> the clearest form, without any accent, was spoken in Minas Tirith.<ref name="L193">[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], [[Humphrey Carpenter]], [[Christopher Tolkien]] (eds.), ''[[The Letters of J.R.R. Tolkien]]'', [[Letter 193]] (dated [[2 November|November 2]], [[1956]])</ref> This style was nobler and more antique than other dialects, and this was the Westron the Elves adopted.<ref name="L144">[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], [[Humphrey Carpenter]], [[Christopher Tolkien]] (eds.), ''[[The Letters of J.R.R. Tolkien]]'', [[Letter 144]] (dated [[25 April|April 25]], [[1954]])</ref> In reverence of the mighty lords of Númenor of old, Eldarin was spoken by nobility. Quenya was known to the learned, and Sindarin was used to be polite, especially by those of high [[Númenóreans|Númenórean]] blood.<ref name="L347">[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], [[Humphrey Carpenter]], [[Christopher Tolkien]] (eds.), ''[[The Letters of J.R.R. Tolkien]]'', [[Letter 347]] (dated [[17 December|December 17]], [[1972]])</ref> However, especially the Sindarin contained several [[Gondor Sindarin|dialectical differences]].<ref name="CE49">[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], [[Christopher Tolkien]] (ed.), ''[[Unfinished Tales]]'', "[[Cirion and Eorl]]", note 49</ref><br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
In earlier times, it was called the South Kingdom, or ''Hyaralondie'', ''Hyallondie'' and ''Turmen Hyallondiéva'' in Quenya, and ''Arthor na Challonnas'' in Sindarin from the Númenórean point of view: the elements ''[[londie]]'' and ''[[lonnas]]'' mean "harbour, landing".<ref name="PE17">{{PE|17}}</ref><br />
<br />
The name '''Gondor''' was likely adopted from the lesser people's terminology<ref name="L324">{{L|324}}</ref> and translates from [[Sindarin]] as "Stone-land", from the words ''[[gond]]'', "stone", and ''(n)[[dor]]'', "land".<ref name="L324"/> The (generally not used) [[Quenya]] form of the name was ''Ondonóre''.<ref name="VT42">{{VT|42}}</ref> Gondor received its name because of the abundance of stone in the [[Ered Nimrais]], and the usage of it in great stone cities, statues, and monuments, such as Minas Tirith and the Argonath. <br />
<br />
In [[Rohan]], it was known as '''Stoningland''' (a modernization of [[Old English]] ''Stāning-(land)''<ref>{{HM|N}}, p. 776</ref>),<ref name="tBotPF"/> and [[Ghân-buri-Ghân]] of the [[Drúedain]] also recognized their use of stone.<ref name="RotR">{{RK|Ride}}</ref><br />
==Inspiration==<br />
The history and civilization of Gondor has been compared to historical elements of the real world.<br />
===Italy===<br />
[[Letter to Jennifer Brookes-Smith (28 July 1955)|Writing in a letter]] about an impending trip in [[1955]], Tolkien identified Gondor as [[Wikipedia:Italy|Italy]].<ref>{{CG|C}}, p. 462</ref><br />
===Egypt===<br />
[[Tolkien]] himself likened Gondor in a degree to ancient Egypt, in terms of how Gondorians constructed gigantic stone structures, and the [[Crown of Gondor]] being similar to the [[Wikipedia:Pschent|crown of the Pharaohs of Egypt]].<ref>{{L|211}}, p. 281</ref> Notably, some "scholars" claimed that ancient Egypt was a colony of [[Atlantis]],<ref>[[Wikipedia:Ignatius L. Donnelly|Ignatius L. Donnelly]], [http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/4032 Atlantis: The Antediluvian World] (1882), Part V, Chapter II: The Egyptian Colony</ref> much like how Gondor was a survival of Númenor (although it is unknown if Tolkien considered this aspect).<br />
===Byzantine Empire===<br />
In online discussions, many [[Tolkien fandom|Tolkien fans]] have entertained the idea that Gondor is comparable to the [[Wikipedia:Byzantine Empire|Byzantine Empire]],<ref>{{webcite|author=|articleurl=http://www.middleearthcenter.com/forums/showthread.php?t=21307|articlename=Gondor -> Byzantine Empire|dated=|website=[http://www.middleearthcenter.com/ Middle-earth Center]|accessed=22 September 2012}}</ref><ref>{{webcite|author=|articleurl=http://www.lotrplaza.com/forum/forum_posts.asp?TID=229914|articlename=Is Gondor Constantinople?|dated=|website=Plaza|accessed=22 September 2012}}</ref><ref>{{webcite|author=|articleurl=http://www.thephora.net/forum/showthread.php?t=12555|articlename=Gondor = Byzantium?|dated=|website=[http://www.thephora.net/forum/index.php The Phora]|accessed=22 September 2012}}</ref> and Tolkien himself referred to Minas Tirith as a "Byzantine City".<ref>{{HM|RC}}, p. 570</ref> Some of the parallels noted between Gondor and the Byzantine Empire are:<ref>Miryam Librán-Moreno, "'Byzantium, New Rome!': Goths, Langobards, and Byzantium in ''The Lord of the Rings''", in ''[[Tolkien and the Study of His Sources]]'' (edited by [[Jason Fisher]]</ref><ref>{{webcite|author=Tom Simon|articleurl=http://www.bondwine.com/essays/38/gondor.html|articlename=Gondor, Byzantium, and Feudalism|dated=13 March 2010|website=[http://www.bondwine.com/ Bondwine]|accessed=22 September 2012}}</ref><br />
<br />
Gondor is the south-eastern portion of [[Elendil]]'s original kingdom. The Byzantine Empire was the Eastern remnant of the Roman Empire. The [[Wikipedia:Western Roman Empire|Western Roman Empire]] eventually withered and dissolved, like [[Arnor]], while the Byzantine Empire endured, although in declined state. Their geographical role is also comparable as the Byzantine Empire encircled the Mediterranean while Gondor occupied the region around the [[Bay of Belfalas]]; both were threatened by [[Easterlings|eastern]] and [[Haradrim|southern]] adversaries. The Byzantine Empire absorbed several "barbaric" peoples like the Wends and Slavs, much like Gondor did with the [[Northmen]] and other [[Middle Men]]. <br />
<br />
As a final note, the last Byzantine Emperor, [[Wikipedia:Constantine_XI_Palaiologos#Legacy|Constantine XI]], remained in legend and folklore as the [[Wikipedia:King in the mountain|"Marble King"]] whose messianic ressurection and return would signal the restoration of the Empire. This parallels the fate of [[Earnur]] and Gondor's interregnum period until the "Return of the [[Aragorn|King]]" who [[Reunited Kingdom|restored the Kingdom]]. However unlike the Byzantine Empire, Gondor did not fall.<br />
{{references}}<br />
{{FellowshipRoute}}<br />
[[Category:Gondor| ]]<br />
[[Category:Regions]]<br />
[[Category:Sindarin locations]]<br />
<br />
[[de:Gondor]]<br />
[[fi:Gondor]]</div>108.63.142.187https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Edhellond&diff=299399Edhellond2018-05-19T21:04:58Z<p>108.63.142.187: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{disambig-more|Amroth|[[Amroth (disambiguation)]]}}<br />
{{location infobox<br />
| name=Edhellond<br />
| image=[[File:John Howe - Edhellond.jpg|250px]]<br />
| caption="Edhellond" by [[John Howe]]<br />
| pronun=<br />
| othernames=Amroth's Haven<ref>{{RK|V9}}</ref><br />
| location=Southern [[Gondor]], confluence of the [[Ringló]] and [[Morthond]] rivers<br />
| type=Harbour<br />
| description=<br />
| regions=<br />
| towns=<br />
| inhabitants=[[Sindar]], [[Nandor]], [[Gondorians]]<br />
| created=Late [[First Age]]<br />
| destroyed=<br />
| events=Loss of [[Amroth]]<br />
}}<br />
'''Edhellond''' was an ancient harbour in southern [[Gondor]]. It had been established south-west of where the [[Ringló]] entered the [[Morthond]],<ref>{{UT|Map}}</ref> near where the combined waters flowed into [[Cobas Haven]].<ref>{{WR|3|XIV}}, West, p. 434</ref><br />
<br />
==History==<br />
Edhellond was founded by [[Sindar]] before the end of the [[First Age]], who had come there as refugees from [[Beleriand]] during [[Morgoth]]'s ascendancy. At first the population of the haven was quite small since the refugees had come in just three small ships, but over time their numbers had been increased by [[Nandor]] who came down the [[Anduin]].<ref>{{UT|Amroth}}, p. 247</ref><br />
<br />
From Edhellond Elves began sailing westward from the time of the fall of [[Eregion]] (in {{SA|1697}}<ref>{{App|SA}}</ref>).<ref name="Preface">{{ATB|Preface}}</ref><br />
<br />
[[Amroth]], Prince of Lórien, was lost at sea near Edhellond in {{TA|1981|n}} when he attempted to swim to shore to seek his beloved [[Nimrodel the Elf-maid|Nimrodel]]. The ship from which he jumped overboard was the last ship of [[Elves]] to leave from Edhellond, which was deserted from then on,<ref>{{UT|Amroth}}, pp. 241-242</ref> although remembered in the traditions of Men in Gondor.<ref name="Preface"/><br />
<br />
== Etymology ==<br />
Edhellond means "Elf Haven" in [[Sindarin]] (from ''[[edhel]]'' = "Elf"<ref>{{S|Appendix}} ''edhel''</ref> and ''[[lond]]'' = "harbour, haven"<ref>{{S|Appendix}} ''londë''</ref>).<br />
<br />
{{references}}<br />
[[Category:Cities, towns and villages]]<br />
[[Category:Gondor]]<br />
[[Category:Harbours]]<br />
[[de:Edhellond]]<br />
[[fi:Edhellond]]<br />
[[fr:encyclo:geographie:villes_tours_et_forteresses:gondor:edhellond]]</div>108.63.142.187https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Belegost&diff=299393Belegost2018-05-19T19:29:43Z<p>108.63.142.187: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{kingdom<br />
| image=[[File:Mark Fisher - Belegost.gif|250px]]<br />
| name=Belegost<br />
| pronun=<br />
| othernames=Gabilgathol<br />
| location=[[Blue Mountains]], north-east of [[Dolmed|Mount Dolmed]]<br />
| capital=<br />
| towns=<br />
| regions=<br />
| population=[[Dwarves of Belegost]]<br />
| language=[[Khuzdul]], [[Sindarin]]<br />
| govern1=[[Lord of Belegost]]<br />
| govern2=<br />
| govern3=<br />
| currency=<br />
| holiday=<br />
| precededby=<br />
| event1=Founded<br />
| event1date=[[Years of the Trees]]<br />
| event2=Destroyed<br />
| event2date={{FA|587}}<br />
| event3=Abandoned<br />
| event3date={{SA|40}}<br />
| event4=<br />
| event4date=<br />
| event5=<br />
| event5date=<br />
| followedby=<br />
}}<br />
'''Belegost''' was one of two great [[Dwarves|Dwarven]] [[Dwarf realms|cities]] in the [[Ered Luin]].<br />
<br />
==Description==<br />
<br />
Belegost lay in the north central part of the Ered Luin, north of [[Nogrod]] and northeast of [[Dolmed|Mount Dolmed]],<ref>{{S|Map}}</ref> guarding one of the only passes through the mountain range.<ref>{{VT|48a}}, p. 24 ("But the Dwarves had built some great Mansions in those mountains [the Ered Luin] (commanding the only passes)")</ref><br />
<br />
==History==<br />
<br />
Belegost was home to the [[Dwarves of Belegost]]. During the mid [[First Age]] its king until [[Nirnaeth Arnoediad]] was [[Azaghâl]].<ref>{{S|Fifth}}</ref><br />
<br />
Belegost was probably founded sometime during the [[Years of the Trees]].<ref>{{VT|48a}}, p. 24 ("...which had certainly been founded long ago ... before the coming of the exiled Noldor, probably before the Eldar of the Great Journey ever reached Beleriand")</ref><br />
<br />
At the end of the First Age, Belegost was ruined in the [[War of Wrath]],<ref>{{App|Durin}}</ref> and around the [[Second Age 40|fortieth year]] of the [[Second Age]] the Dwarves of the Blue Mountains began to migrate to [[Moria|Khazad-dûm]], abandoning Nogrod and Belegost.<ref>{{App|SA}}</ref> However, there always remained some Dwarves on the eastern side of the Blue Mountains in days afterward.<ref>{{UT|Concerning}} p. 235</ref><br />
<br />
Additionally, one of Tolkien's earlier maps, as shown by Christopher Tolkien in ''[[The Treason of Isengard]]'' (and also echoed in [[Karen Wynn Fonstad]]'s ''[[The Atlas of Middle-earth|Atlas of Middle-earth]]'') still shows Belegost in the Ered Luin in the time of the [[Third Age]], indicating that Belegost may have survived the upheavals of the Second and early Third Ages, or that at least a more recognizable mansion had persisted therein than at Nogrod.<br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
''Belegost'' ([[beleg]] + [[ost]]) was a [[Sindarin]] translation of the original [[Dwarvish]] name '''''Gabilgathol''''' and both mean "Great City". Unlike other names of the ''Silmarillion'', the text also gives us an English rendering, which was possibly from [[Westron]]: '''''Mickleburg'''''.<ref name="Sindar">{{S|Sindar}}</ref> ''Mickle'' is a root meaning "big"; see also [[Michel Delving]].<br />
<br />
The city's [[Khuzdul]] name '''''Gabilgathol''''' contains the elements ''[[gabil]]'' "great" and ''[[gathol]]'' "fortress".<br />
<br />
'''''Túrosto''''' was the name in [[Quenya]] for Belegost.<ref>{{WJ|AB}}, p. 389</ref><br />
<br />
==In adaptations==<br />
In ''[[The Atlas of Middle-earth]]'' the fortress is incorrectly called '''Gabilgathod'''.<ref>[[Karen Wynn Fonstad]], ''[[The Atlas of Middle-earth]]'', Beleriand and the Lands to the North, Map</ref><br />
<br />
{{references}}<br />
[[Category:Beleriand]]<br />
[[Category:Eriador]]<br />
[[Category:Cities, towns and villages]]<br />
[[Category:Dwarven realms]]<br />
<br />
[[de:Belegost]]<br />
[[fi:Belegost]]<br />
[[fr:encyclo:geographie:villes_tours_et_forteresses:beleriand:belegost]]</div>108.63.142.187https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Thorin%27s_hall&diff=299389Thorin's hall2018-05-19T17:47:37Z<p>108.63.142.187: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{sources}}<br />
{{unnamed}}<br />
{{kingdom<br />
| image=[[File:Thorin's Halls.jpg|250px]]<br />
| name=Thorin's Halls<br />
| pronun=<br />
| othernames=<br />
| location=Southern [[Blue Mountains]]<ref>J. R. R. Tolkien (1955), ''[[The Return of the King]]'', 2nd edition (1966), George Allen & Unwin, Appendix B p. 369; {{ISBN|0 04 823047 2}}</ref><br />
| capital=<br />
| towns=<br />
| regions=<br />
| population=[[Durin's Folk]]<br />
| language=[[Westron]], [[Khuzdul]]<br />
| govern1=[[King of Durin's Folk]]<br />
| govern2=<br />
| govern3=<br />
| currency=<br />
| holiday=<br />
| precededby=<br />
| event1=Founded<br />
| event1date={{TA|2802}}<br />
| event2=<br />
| event2date=<br />
| event3=<br />
| event3date=<br />
| event4=<br />
| event4date=<br />
| event5=<br />
| event5date=<br />
| followedby=[[Lonely Mountain]]<br />
}}<br />
'''Thorin's Halls''' were the main western realm of [[Durin's Folk]], led by King [[Thráin|Thráin II]] and later [[Thorin|Thorin II Oakenshield]]. <br />
<br />
==History==<br />
===Establishment and Thráin's reign===<br />
Several years after the [[Sack of Erebor]] by the dragon [[Smaug]], the exiled [[Kings of Durin's Folk|King of Durin's folk]] [[Thrór]] was murdered by [[Orcs]]. [[Thráin|Thráin II]] led a host of Dwarves from his and other house in a [[War of the Dwarves and Orcs | great war]] against the [[Orcs of the Misty Mountains]]. After that, Thráin's people moved to the hills of [[Dunland]] and stayed for some time before moving to the [[Blue Mountains]] and established their Halls in the year {{TA|2802}}. <br />
<br />
For nearly forty years Thráin ruled his people in the Ered Luin, but was driven to obsession by his [[Ring of Thrór | ring of power]]. In {{TA|2841|n}} he left with a small group of followers to return to the Erebor determined to kill Smaug and take his father's realm back. But in {{TA|2845|n}} while encamped on the eves of [[Mirkwood]] Thráin was captured by the servants of the [[Necromancer]] and taken to [[Dol Guldur]]; where he was tortured till his death many years later. His followers including [[Balin]] and [[Dwalin]] did not know his fate, and after searching for days they returned to the Ered Luin.<br />
<br />
===Thorin's rule===<br />
Thorin was made ruler of Durin's folk, and under his leadership his people prospered, their trade increased as well as their numbers, not only from birth, but wandering Longbeards heard of Thorin's realm and came to him.<br />
[[File:Matěj Čadil - Thorin in Blue Mountains.jpg|thumb|left|[[Matěj Čadil]] - ''Thorin in Blue Mountains'']]<br />
Thorin ruled in the Ered Luin for nearly one hundred years, until he met [[Gandalf]] the Wizard who helped him concoct a plan to take back Erebor from Smaug; he left his halls for the last time on a [[Quest of Erebor|quest to take back his former home]]. After many months [[Thorin and Company]] took the mountain as theirs and Thorin declared himself [[King under the Mountain]] after Smaug was killed; but after a [[Battle of Five Armies | great battle]] with Orcs and [[Wargs]] Thorin was mortally wounded and died, never being able to enjoy the realm he gained.<br />
<br />
===Dissolvement as the Capital===<br />
After Thorin's death, his cousin [[Dáin Ironfoot|Dáin II Ironfoot]] of the [[Iron Hills]] became king of Durin's folk; and when news reached [[Dwarves of the Blue Mountains | Durin's folk in the Ered Luin]] that Erebor was retaken, it is believed that most of them moved to the Lonely Mountain. Therefore, Thorin's Halls became a sub-realm of Durin's folk.<br />
<br />
==Portrayal in Adaptations == <br />
<br />
'''2007: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''<br />
:Thorin's Halls is one of the major cities in the game, referred to as "Thorin's Hall". Following the death of Thorin, many [[Longbeards]] move away and the rule of Thorin's Hall falls to the [[Dourhands]] - the clan of Dwarves who are slowly corrupted by the Dark Lord. In {{TA}} 3016 King Dain sends a company of Longbeards to reclaim Thorin's Hall and Dourhands are thrown out, [[Dwalin]] becomes the ruler and maintains his position until {{TA|3019}}. Thorin's Hall is where the Dwarven characters begin their journey in Middle-Earth: the city itself is safe from dangers, but outlying outposts face the threats of wild beasts, remaining Dourhands and occasional [[Orcs#Orcs and Goblins|Goblins]].<br />
<br />
{{references}}<br />
* {{App|Durin}}<br />
* {{UT|Quest}}<br />
* {{PM|Dwarves}}, pages 313, 328<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Eriador]]<br />
[[Category:Dwarven realms]]<br />
<br />
[[de:Thorins Hallen]]</div>108.63.142.187https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Durin_VII&diff=299387Durin VII2018-05-19T17:31:14Z<p>108.63.142.187: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{disambig-more|Durin|[[Durin (disambiguation)]]}}<br />
{{dwarves infobox<br />
| name=Durin VII<br />
| image=<br />
| caption<br />
| pronun=<br />
| othernames=Durin the Last<br />
| titles=[[Kings of Durin's Folk|King of Durin's Folk]]<br/>[[Kings of Khazad-dûm|King of Khazad-dûm]]<br />
| position=<br />
| location=[[Erebor]], [[Khazad-dûm]]<br />
| affiliation=<br />
| language=<br />
| birth=[[Fourth Age]]<br />
| birthlocation=[[Erebor]]<br />
| rule=[[Fourth Age]] - ''Unknown''<br />
| death=<br />
| deathlocation=<br />
| age=<br />
| notablefor=<br />
| house=[[House of Durin]]<br />
| parentage=Descendant of [[Thorin III Stonehelm]] (according to some sources, his son).<ref>The Peoples of Middle-earth: "The Making of Appendix A", '(iv) Durin's Folk'</ref> <br />
| siblings=<br />
| spouse=<br />
| children=<br />
| gender=Male<br />
| height=<br />
| hair=<br />
| eyes=<br />
| clothing=<br />
| weapons=<br />
| steed=<br />
}}<br />
__NOTOC__<br />
<center>{{quote|There lies his crown in water deep,<br>Till Durin wakes again from sleep.|[[Gimli]]<ref>{{FR|Journey}}</ref>}}</center><br />
<br />
'''Durin VII''' (lived in the [[Fourth Age]]) was the last of the six reincarnations of [[Durin|Durin the Deathless]].<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
The actions of Durin VII were prophesized long before he was born, at the time of the [[Battle of Azanulbizar]].<ref name="AppA">{{App|Durin}}</ref> <br />
<br />
Durin VII was the direct descendant of king [[Thorin III Stonehelm]] (according to some sources, his son).<ref>The Peoples of Middle-earth: "The Making of Appendix A", '(iv) Durin's Folk'</ref> <br />
<br />
He led [[Durin's folk]] back to [[Moria|Khazad-dûm]] and restored the ancient kingdom during the [[Fourth Age]]. There his house remained until the world grew old and the Dwarves failed and the days of Durin's race were ended.<ref>{{PM|Dwarves}}</ref> <br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
''Durinn'' is one of the Dwarfs in the ''[[Völuspá|Dvergatal]]''. The name means "Sleepy".<ref>Chester Nathan Gould, "Dwarf-Names: A Study in Old Icelandic Religion", published in ''Publications of the Modern Language Association of America'', Vol 44 (1929), issue #4, pp. 939-967</ref><br />
<br />
== Genealogy ==<br />
<br />
{{familytree/start}}<br />
{{familytree | DAI |DAI=[[Dáin Ironfoot|Dáin II Ironfoot]]<br/><small>''{{TA|2767|n}} - {{TA|3019|n}}''†</small>}}<br />
{{familytree | |!| |}}<br />
{{familytree | THO |THO=[[Thorin Stonehelm|Thorin III Stonehelm]]<br/><small>''b. {{TA|2866|n}}''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree | |:| |}}<br />
{{familytree | |:| |}}<br />
{{familytree | DUR |DUR='''DURIN VII'''}}<br />
{{familytree/end}}<br />
<br />
{{seq-start}}<br />
{{seq-head<br />
| race=dwarf<br />
| house=[[Durin's Folk|House of Durin]]<br />
| born=[[Fourth Age]]<br />
| died=<br />
}}<br />
{{seq<br />
| pvac=Unknown<br />
| prev=Last known:<br/>[[Thorin Stonehelm|Thorin III Stonehelm]]<br />
| prow=2<br />
| list=[[Kings of Durin's Folk|King of Durin's Folk]]<br />
| dates=[[Fourth Age]]<br />
| next=Unknown<br />
| nrow=2<br />
}}<br />
{{seq<br />
| list=[[Kings of Khazad-dûm|King of Khazad-dûm]]<br />
| dates=[[Fourth Age]]<br />
}}<br />
{{seq-end}}<br />
<br />
{{references}}{{durinskings}}<br />
[[Category:Dwarves]]<br />
[[Category:Fourth Age characters]]<br />
[[Category:Longbeards]]<br />
[[de:Durin VII.]]<br />
[[fr:encyclo:personnages:nains:4a:durin_vii]]<br />
[[fi:Durin VII]]</div>108.63.142.187https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Kings_of_Durin%27s_Folk&diff=299386Kings of Durin's Folk2018-05-19T17:25:55Z<p>108.63.142.187: </p>
<hr />
<div>The '''Kings of Durin's Folk''' were those of the [[House of Durin]] who ruled as kings, even when in exile. <br />
<br />
The kings were all descended from [[Durin|Durin the Deathless]] of the [[First Age]]; in fact, five of the kings after Durin I were held to be reincarnations of him by the [[Dwarves]]. No complete list of all kings is known. The table below shows the names of those Kings who have been recorded, or whose existence could be deduced. In the table all information was obtained from ''The Lord of the Rings'', Appendix A, "Durin’s Folk"<ref name="Durin">{{App|Durin}}</ref> unless otherwise indicated. The "Realm(s)" column indicates which place or places the kings ruled from during their reigns.<br />
<br />
<table border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" class="TGtable"><br />
<tr style="background:#EFEFEF;"><th>Name</th><th>Birth</th><th>Death</th><th>Realm(s)</th><th>Historical Notes</th></tr><br />
<tr><td align=center>[[Durin|Durin I]] the Deathless</td><td align=center>[[Years of the Trees]]</td><td align=center>[[First Age]]</td><td>[[Moria|Khazad-dûm]]</td><td>One of the seven [[Fathers of the Dwarves]] and founder of the Longbeards, [[Durin's Folk]]. He ruled his people for centuries - so long, in fact, that he became known as the 'Durin the Deathless' - but eventually he died during the First Age. He discovered the caves of Khazad-dûm and began his reign there.</td></tr><br />
<tr><td align=center>[[Durin II]]</td><td align=center>Unknown</td><td align=center>Unknown</td><td>Khazad-dûm</td><td>Little is recorded about his reign, although there are indications that the [[Dwarves of Khazad-dûm]] were in a confederation with [[Men]] of the [[Vales of Anduin]], where the Men provided food in return for Dwarven weapons and precious items.</td></tr><br />
<tr><td align=center>[[Durin III]]</td><td align=center>Unknown</td><td align=center>Unknown</td><td>Khazad-dûm</td><td>He was the king of Khazad-dûm at the time of the forging of the [[Rings of Power]] (sometime between {{SA|1500}} and {{SA|1590|n}}<ref>{{App|SA}}</ref>) and a great friend of [[Celebrimbor]] the Lord of [[Eregion]] to the west. He received one of the Rings (later known as the [[Ring of Thrór]]) as a gift from his friend.</td></tr><br />
<tr><td align=center>[[Durin IV]]</td><td align=center>Late Second Age</td><td align=center>Likely early Third Age</td><td>Khazad-dûm</td><td>He was the king during the [[War of the Last Alliance]], and he sent a great army to fight alongside the [[Last Alliance of Elves and Men]].</td></tr><br />
<tr><td align=center>[[Durin V]]</td><td align=center>Unknown</td><td align=center>Unknown</td><td>Khazad-dûm</td><td>With one of the seven Dwarven rings his kingdom prospered. </td></tr><br />
<tr><td align=center>[[Durin VI]]</td><td align=center>{{TA|1731|n}}</td><td align=center>{{TA|1980|n}} †</td><td>Khazad-dûm</td><td>He was king when the [[Balrogs|Balrog]] was awakened in {{TA|1980|n}}.<ref name="TA">{{App|TA}}</ref> After he was killed by it the Balrog was called [[Durin's Bane]] and Khazad-dûm was known as Moria.</td></tr><br />
<tr><td align=center>[[Náin I]]</td><td align=center>{{TA|1832|n}}</td><td align=center>{{TA|1981|n}} †</td><td>Khazad-dûm</td><td>He reigned for just one year before was also slain by [[Durin's Bane]].</td></tr><br />
<tr><td align=center>[[Thráin I]]</td><td align=center>{{TA|1934|n}}</td><td align=center>{{TA|2190|n}}</td><td>[[Lonely Mountain|Erebor]]</td><td> He led a great part of his people away from Khazad-dûm into the north and east of Middle-earth and founded the [[Kingdom under the Mountain]] in {{TA|1999|n}}.<ref name="TA"/></td></tr><br />
<tr><td align=center>[[Thorin I]]</td><td align=center>{{TA|2035|n}}</td><td align=center>{{TA|2289|n}}</td><td>Erebor, [[Ered Mithrin]]</td><td>Learning that his people were regrouping in the [[Grey Mountains]], Thorin I abandoned Erebor and reestablished the throne in the Ered Mithrin in {{TA|2210|n}}.<ref name="TA"/></td></tr><br />
<tr><td align=center>[[Glóin (King of Durin's Folk)|Glóin]]</td><td align=center>{{TA|2136|n}}</td><td align=center>{{TA|2385|n}}</td><td>Ered Mithrin</td><td></td></tr><br />
<tr><td align=center>[[Óin (King of Durin's Folk)|Óin]]</td><td align=center>{{TA|2238|n}}</td><td align=center>{{TA|2488|n}}</td><td>Ered Mithrin</td><td>Towards the very end of Óin's reign, in T.A. 2460, the Shadow returned to [[Dol Guldur]] in [[Mirkwood]] with increased strength; and in c. T.A. 2480 [[Orcs]] began to spread again in the [[Misty Mountains]] in order to block all passes into [[Eriador]], whilst [[Sauron]]'s creatures took [[Moria]] as their own.</td></tr><br />
<tr><td align=center>[[Náin II]]</td><td align=center>{{TA|2338|n}}</td><td align=center>{{TA|2585|n}}</td><td>Ered Mithrin</td><td>In {{TA|2570|n}}, the prosperous Dwarves began to suffer attacks by the dragons of the north.<ref name="TA"/></td></tr><br />
<tr><td align=center>[[Dáin I]]</td><td align=center>{{TA|2440|n}}</td><td align=center>{{TA|2589|n}} †</td><td>Ered Mithrin</td><td>His short reign came to a swift end when he was slain by a [[Cold-drakes|cold-drake]] before the entrance to his [[Dáin's halls|halls]]. He was succeeded by his son.</td></tr><br />
<tr><td align=center>[[Thrór]]</td><td align=center>{{TA|2542|n}}</td><td align=center>{{TA|2790|n}} †</td><td>Ered Mithrin, Erebor, exile, [[Dunland]]</td><td>He led his people out of the dragon-infested north back to the Lonely Mountain. He had been King under the Mountain for more than 180 years when the dragon [[Smaug]] descended on the mountain and [[Sack of Erebor|sacked]] it. He escaped the destruction, and went wandering in the wild before settling in Dunland. Later, went to reclaim Khazad-dûm where he was murdered by [[Azog]] the Orc, a crime that provoked the [[War of the Dwarves and Orcs]].</td></tr><br />
<tr><td align=center>[[Thráin|Thráin II]]</td><td align=center>{{TA|2644|n}}</td><td align=center>{{TA|2850|n}} †</td><td>Dunland, [[Ered Luin]]</td><td>He avenged his father's death with the defeat of Azog's Orcs at the [[Battle of Azanulbizar]]. In the early part of his reign, he dwelt in Dunland, but he later moved northwest to the [[Ered Luin]] west of Eriador and established a [[Thorin's Halls|new realm]]. Before his reign ended, he resolved to return to Erebor, but while wandering in the wild he was captured in {{TA|2845|n}}<ref name="TA"/> and died in the dungeons of the [[Necromancer]].</td></tr><br />
<tr><td align=center>[[Thorin|Thorin II Oakenshield]]</td><td align=center>{{TA|2746|n}}</td><td align=center>{{TA|2941|n}} †</td><td>Ered Luin, Erebor</td><td> He ruled as King in the Ered Luin for many years, but like his father before him he determined to return to his ancient home of Erebor. Accompanied by [[Gandalf]] and [[Bilbo Baggins]], he led a troop of companions into the east, and against all hope recovered the Lonely Mountain from Smaug. After Smaug's death, Thorin was slain in the [[Battle of Five Armies]]. The only remaining descendants of Thrór's line, Thorin's nephews [[Fíli]] and [[Kíli]], were also lost in the battle. So the Kingship passed to the line of Thrór's younger brother Grór, and specifically to his grandson [[Dáin Ironfoot]].</td></tr><br />
<tr><td align=center>[[Dáin Ironfoot|Dáin II Ironfoot]]</td><td align=center>{{TA|2767|n}}</td><td align=center>{{TA|3019|n}} †</td><td>Erebor</td><td> He ruled in prosperity as King under the Mountain for many years until the time of the War of the Ring. He was slain in the [[Battle of Dale]].</td></tr><br />
<tr><td align=center>[[Thorin Stonehelm|Thorin III Stonehelm]]</td><td align=center>{{TA|2866|n}}</td><td align=center>Early [[Fourth Age]]</td><td>Erebor</td><td>He was besieged in Erebor after the loss of his father, but when news reached the forces of Sauron that their master had been defeated, he was able to drive them back. With Thorin III, detailed records of the reigns of the Kings come to an end, but there is a record of just one of his descendants.</td></tr><br />
<tr><td align=center>[[Durin VII]]</td><td align=center>Unknown</td><td align=center>Unknown</td><td>Khazad-dûm<ref>{{PM|Aiv}}</ref></td><td>Was the last supposed incarnation of Durin I, and led his people back to Khazad dûm where he reestablished the throne of Durin.</td></tr><br />
</table><br />
<br />
Durin I died before the end of the First Age, so that between his rule and that of Thorin III, the Kings of Durin's line ruled for a period of about 6,500 years. Given that the average length of a reign among the Longbeards seems to have been roughly a century, it can be deduced that there were probably about fifty Kings that have went unmentioned.<br />
{{References}}<br />
{{durinskings}}<br />
[[Category:Dwarves]]<br />
[[Category:Longbeards]]<br />
[[de:Durins Volk#Stammbaum]]<br />
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/nains/rois_du_peuple_de_durin]]<br />
[[fi:Durinin heimon kuninkaat]]</div>108.63.142.187https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Dale&diff=299359Dale2018-05-17T22:31:12Z<p>108.63.142.187: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{disambig-two|the City of Dale|Kingdom|[[Kingdom of Dale]]}}<br />
{{location infobox<br />
| name=Dale<br />
| image=[[File:Matěj Čadil - Dale.jpg|250px]]<br />
| caption="Dale" by Matěj Čadil<br />
| pronun=<br />
| othernames=<br />
| location=Northern [[Rhovanion|Wilderland]] on the banks of [[River Running]], between the south-west and south-east arms of [[Lonely Mountain]]<br />
| type=City-state, later a Kingdom<br />
| description=Originally a lordship of [[Northmen]] with strong ties to the [[Kingdom Under the Mountain]] before [[Smaug]]. Later, a strong Kingdom of [[Men]]<br />
| regions=<br />
| towns=<br />
| inhabitants=[[Northmen]]<br />
| created=Around {{TA|2590}}<br />
| destroyed={{TA|2770|n}}<br />
| rebuilt={{TA|2941|n}}<br />
| events=[[Sack of Erebor]], [[Battle of Five Armies]], [[Battle of Dale]]<br />
}}<br />
'''Dale''' was a city of the [[Northmen]], destroyed by the [[Dragons|dragon]] [[Smaug]] and rebuilt after his demise.<br />
<br />
==Description==<br />
Dale was situated in the valley between the south-western and south-eastern arms of the [[Lonely Mountain]], nestled in a sharp U-shaped bend of the [[River Running]].<ref>{{H|Thror}}</ref> It was known as a merry town that traded, mainly in food-supplies, for the skills and craft-pieces of the [[Dwarves of Erebor|Dwarves]]. Dale's toy market was the wonder of the North<ref name="Party">{{H|Party}}</ref> and the town was renowned for its bells.<ref>{{H|Doorstep}}</ref><br />
<br />
==History==<br />
[[File:Angus McBride - Dale.jpg|thumb|left|[[Angus McBride]] - ''Dale'']]<br />
In {{TA|2590}} King [[Thrór]] re-established the [[Kingdom under the Mountain]].<ref name="TA">{{App|TA}}</ref> The realm prospered and [[Northmen]] living to the south came up the River Running and built Dale.<ref name="Party"/> The town shared in the prosperity of the Dwarves and it was governed by the [[Lord of Dale]], of whom the last was named [[Girion]].<ref>{{H|Fire}}</ref><br />
<br />
In {{TA|2770|n}} [[Smaug]] descended upon the Dwarf-kingdom.<ref name="TA"/> Although the [[Men of Dale]] fielded warriors against the monster they could not prevent him from killing or scattering the Dwarves and then occupying the Lonely Mountain. After the attack the dragon would crawl out of the [[Front Gate]] of the Mountain by night and carry away people (especially maidens) from Dale to eat. The remaining population soon fled and the deserted city fell into ruins.<ref name="Party"/><br />
<br />
The death of Smaug and the [[Battle of Five Armies]] occurred in {{TA|2941|n}}. Three years after the battle, Dale was rebuilt by [[Bard|Bard the Bowman]],<ref name="TA"/> who had killed the dragon and was the descendant of Girion. Dale soon again enjoyed prosperity: Bard founded the [[Kingdom of Dale]] and it gathered men from the [[Long Lake]], the South, and the West. [[Lake-town]] was rebuilt and grew wealthy from traffic with Dale.<ref>{{H|Stage}}</ref> Its people became known as [[Bardings]], after their new ruler.<br />
<br />
[[File:Jan Pospisil - Dale units vs. Rhun.jpg|left|thumb|Jan Pospisil - ''The Battle of Dale'']]<br />
During the reign of King [[Brand]], the grandson of Bard the Bowman, Dale served as the capital for the lands he ruled, which extended far south and east of Lake-town.<ref>{{FR|II1}}</ref> However, as [[Glóin]] revealed at the [[Council of Elrond]], in {{TA|3017|n}} a messenger from [[Mordor]] came to ask King [[Dáin Ironfoot]] at the gate to the Lonely Mountain for news of [[Hobbits]] and to ask for [[Bilbo Baggins|Bilbo's]] [[The One Ring|ring]]. Messengers had also come to King Brand and there were enemies gathering upon the Kingdom of Dale's eastern borders.<ref>{{FR|II2}}</ref><br />
<br />
During the [[War of the Ring]], the [[Easterlings]] crossed the border and moved to attack the city. On [[17 March]] {{TA|3019|n}} the [[Battle of Dale]] began. Not able to hold back the Easterlings the Bardings and their allies, the Dwarves of Erebor, retreated into the Lonely Mountain, but lost Kings Brand and Dáin Ironfoot who were both slain at the Gate of Erebor. For seven days the Men and Dwarves barricaded themselves in Erebor until news came from the south of the defeat of [[Sauron]]. The new kings of Dale and Erebor ([[Bard II]] and [[Thorin Stonehelm|Thorin III Stonehelm]]), broke the siege and chased the Easterlings out of Dale. After the siege, the Bardings rebuilt Dale, with the help of the Dwarves. Bard also sent an emissary to the coronation of King [[Aragorn|Elessar]].<ref>{{App|Great}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
The word ''dale'' means "valley", as it was built in the [[River Running|Celduin]] valley between two arms of Erebor.<br />
<br />
==Portrayal in adaptations==<br />
[[File:Dale-BFME2.jpg|thumb|Dale in [[The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth II|''BFME'' II]]]]<br />
'''2006: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth II]]'':'''<br />
:The City of Dale appears in the ''Erebor'' map, just south-east of the mountain itself. It appears to contain several houses, taverns and bridges, as well as a statue of a man. The city is built around the mountain's river.<br />
<br />
'''2012: ''[[The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey]]'':'''<br />
:Glimpses of the [[sack of Erebor]] and the destruction of Dale were shown in the opening prologue sequence.<br />
<br />
'''2013: ''[[The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug]]'':'''<br />
:The ruined city of Dale appears briefly in the scene when [[Bilbo Baggins]] and the [[Thorin and Company|Dwarves]] are heading for [[Lonely Mountain|Erebor]].<br />
<br />
'''2014: ''[[The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies]]'':'''<br />
:After the death of [[Smaug]], the villagers of [[Lake-town]] seek refuge in the ruined city. During the [[Battle of Five Armies]], they hide inside Dale while the [[Lake-men]] combat the enemy forces. When the [[Orcs|Orc]] army attacks the ruined city, Bard and the Lake-towners run to defend it, leaving the [[Dwarves]] and the [[Elves]] to protect the gates of Erebor. The Elves later come to join the [[Men]] in defending the city.<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[:Category:Images of Dale|Images of Dale]]<br />
<br />
{{References}}<br />
[[Category:Cities, towns and villages]]<br />
[[Category:Rhovanion]]<br />
[[de:Thal]]<br />
[[fi:Laakso]]<br />
[[fr:encyclo:geographie:villes_tours_et_forteresses:rhovanion:dale]]</div>108.63.142.187https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Dwarf_realms&diff=299358Dwarf realms2018-05-17T21:50:36Z<p>108.63.142.187: </p>
<hr />
<div>Throughout the history of [[Middle-earth]], there have been many '''Dwarf realms'''. These realms were: <br />
<br />
* '''[[Moria|Khazad-dȗm]]'''. The most famous and greatest of all the dwarf kingdoms. Located in the [[Misty Mountains]], it was the home of the [[Longbeards]]. It prospered for thousands of years until the Dwarves awoke the [[Balrogs|Balrog]] which drove them from Khazad-dȗm, it was then renamed ''[[Moria]]'' ("Black Pit" in [[Sindarin]]).<br>The Dwarves returned to Moria in the [[Fourth Age]], lead by their leader [[Durin VII]]. It is said that the halls of Khazad-dȗm were filled with the sounds of hammers once again, and was prosperous till the fading of the Dwarven race.<br />
* '''[[Nogrod]] and [[Belegost]]''', located in the [[Blue Mountains]]. Nogrod was the home of the [[Firebeards]], and Belegost the home of the [[Broadbeams]]. Nogrod was completely destroyed during the [[War of Wrath]] and Belegost was ruined, leaving the Firebeards and the Broadbeams to either rebuild their halls or, as many did, relocate to Khazad-dȗm in [[SA 40]]. <br>The '''''Ered Luin''''' would later become a refuge for much of Durin's folk who established [[Thorin's Halls]] during the latter Third Age. However, the Firebeards and Broadbeams continued to live there through the Fourth Age, and probably till the diminishing of the race of Dwarves (There were and always will be Dwarves on the eastern side of the Blue Mountains).<br />
* '''Exiled Kingdom in the [[Grey Mountains]]''', were the great halls of which many of Durin's folk relocated to after being exiled from Khazad-dȗm. The [[Dwarves of the Grey Mountains]] became very prosperous in their new halls. for over 500 years they mined and defended their halls from the [[Dragons]] of the north and the Orcs from the west. Until, finally [[Cold-drakes]] forced them from the mountains, and killed their king [[Dain I]]. <br>It is possible that the Dwarves returned to the Ered Mithrin, and retook the ancient halls, though Tolkien never states that this happened.<br />
* '''The [[Kingdom under the Mountain]]''', was one of the greatest kingdoms of Dwarves. Located at [[Lonely Mountain|Erebor]], it was founded by [[Thráin I]], but was abandoned by his son, [[Thorin I]]. It was resettled by [[Thrór]]. but years later Smaug [[Sack of Erebor|sacked]] the mountain and drove the Dwarves out. [[Thorin|Thorin II Oakenshield]] refounded the kingdom in TA 2941.<br />
* The '''[[Iron Hills]]''', was a range of small mountains rich with iron, inhabited by Durin's folk. It was established after the Dragons forced the Dwarves to leave the Ered Mithrin but were inhabited much earlier during the [[First Age]]. <br />
* The '''[[Glittering Caves]]''' of [[Glittering Caves|Aglarond]], were a cave system in the [[White Mountains]] behind [[Helm's Deep]]. [[Gimli]] son of [[Glóin]] led a colony there after the [[War of the Ring]]. The Dwarves of the Glittering Caves carefully tended the stone walls and opened new ways and chambers and hung lamps that filled the caverns with light. The Glittering Caves became one of the most important realms of the [[Dwarves]] at the beginning of the [[Fourth Age]].<ref>{{App|Durin}}</ref><br />
* The '''[[Orocarni]]''' (Red Mountains), were a mountain range in the far east of Middle-earth, presumably in [[Rhun]]. They were inhabited by four of the Dwarf clans, but not much is known about them.<br />
* '''Exiled Realm in [[Dunland]]''' was established by Dwarves fleeing from [[Erebor]] after it was sacked by [[Smaug]]. This is where [[Thrór]] departed when he and his companion [[Nár]] journeyed to [[Moria]] in TA 2790. After the [[Battle of Azanulbizar]], provoked by the [[Orcs]]' brutal slaying of Thrór, [[Thráin|Thráin II]] and [[Thorin]] led the remnants of their followers back to Dunland but soon left (to eventually settle in the [[Ered Luin]]).<br />
<br />
{{References}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Dwarves]]<br />
[[Category:Dwarven realms]]<br />
<br />
[[de:Zwerge#Bekannte_Zwergenstädte]]</div>108.63.142.187https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=C%C3%ADrdan&diff=299357Círdan2018-05-17T21:41:10Z<p>108.63.142.187: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{sindar infobox<br />
| name=Círdan<br />
| image=[[File:Jef Murray - Cirdan.jpg|250px]]<br />
| caption="Cirdan" by [[Jef Murray]]<br />
| pronun=<br />
| othernames='''Nowë''' ([[Quenya|Q]])</br>Ciryatan ([[Quenya|Q]])<br />
| titles=<br />
| position=Shipwright<br />
| location=[[Falas]]<br/>[[Isle of Balar|Balar]]<br/>[[Lindon]]<br />
| affiliation=[[Last Alliance of Elves and Men]]<br />
| language=[[Quenya]], [[Sindarin]]<br />
| birth=between {{YT|1050}} and {{YT|1149|n}}<br />
| birthlocation=[[Middle-earth]]<br />
| rule=<br />
| sailedwest=[[Fourth Age]]<br />
| sailedfrom=[[Grey Havens]]<br />
| age=<br />
| notablefor=<br />
| house=[[Teleri]]<br />
| parentage=Unknown (kinsman of [[Thingol]] and [[Olwë]]<ref>{{PM|XIII}}, ''Círdan''</ref><br />
| siblings=<br />
| spouse=<br />
| children=<br />
| gender=Male<br />
| height=Very tall<ref name="Havens" /><br />
| hair=Silver, bearded in old age<ref name="Havens" /><br />
| eyes=<br />
| clothing=<br />
| weapons=<br />
| steed=<br />
}}<br />
{{quote|As they came to the gates Círdan the Shipwright came forth to greet them. Very tall he was, and his beard was long, and he was grey and old, save that his eyes were keen as stars; and he looked at them and bowed, and said 'All is now ready.'|[[The Lord of the Rings]], ''[[The Grey Havens]]''}}<br />
'''Círdan''' ([[Sindarin|S]], pron. {{IPA|[ˈkiːrdan]}}) was a [[Sindar|Sinda]], and Lord of the [[Falathrim]] during the First Age. He was one of the wisest and most foresighted of the [[Elves]], and by the [[Second Age]] the oldest known [[Elves|elf]] in [[Middle-earth]], to remain so throughout that age and the [[Third Age]]. He was also awarded [[Narya]], one of the [[Three Rings]], until he surrendered it to [[Gandalf]]. He was one of the last elves in Middle-earth, sailing West at last probably sometime in the [[Fourth Age]].<br />
<br />
The [[Quenya]] form of Círdan's name is '''[[Ciryatan]]''' (pron. {{IPA|[ˈkirʲatan]}}).<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
===Early History===<br />
<br />
Círdan, born '''[[Nowë]]'''<ref name="LastWritingsN">{{PM|Last}}, "Círdan", note 30</ref> ([[Quenya|Q]], pron. {{IPA|[ˈnowe]}}), was kin of both [[Elwë]] and [[Olwë]], a lord in the host of the former. During the push westward, seeking to go to [[Valinor]], Nowë and his followers kept going where most of his kin fell away throughout the journey. Despite Nowë's great eagerness to see the light of Valinor (his "greatest desire"),<ref name="LastWritings">{{PM|Last}}, "Círdan"</ref> he loyally searched for Elwë upon his disappearance. Because of this the [[Teleri]] missed the first trip on [[Tol Eressëa]] to [[Valinor]], on which went their close friends the [[Noldor]] and the [[Vanyar]]. They took for their king [[Olwë]], and while waiting for [[Ulmo]] to return for them, Nowë headed the art of making and sailing ships, growing impatient. From this profession he took the name '''Círdan''' which means "shipwright" in [[Sindarin]]. The Teleri also developed a great friendship with [[Ossë]]. At the same time, although most of the Teleri had given up, Círdan sought Elwë longer and harder than most of his kin, partly because of his love for him and his allegiance.<br />
<br />
Because of this, Círdan came to the shores too late during the second embarking of Eressëa. He came to the sands to find them departed, and as he stood forlorn he saw far-off a glimmer of light upon Eressëa as it vanished into the West over [[Belegaer]]. Then he cried aloud:<br />
{{quote|I will follow that light, alone if none will come with me, for the ship that I have been building is now almost ready.|Círdan, ''[[Last Writings]]''}}<br />
But into his heart came a message from the [[Valar]] which warned him that his ship could not endure the voyage, nor would any ship for many years: "''Abide now that time, for when it comes then will your work be of utmost worth, and it will be remembered in song for many ages after.''" Círdan answered "''I obey''", and saw a vision of [[Vingilot|a ship]].<br />
<br />
===Foundation and Return of the Noldor===<br />
Círdan therefore remained with those Teleri who had chosen to stay east of the Sea for love of Ossë, and became their lord. The folk became known as the [[Falathrim]], "''people of the foaming shore''", and dwelt in the [[Falas]] by the sea. There they built many ships, and the cities [[Eglarest]] and [[Brithombar]], and found pearls which they sent to their overlord, King [[Thingol]] of [[Doriath]], who was once Elwë.<ref name="Sindar">{{S|Sindar}}</ref><br />
<br />
When [[Morgoth|Belegurth]] broke forth in the [[First Battle of Beleriand]] in {{YT|1497}}, Círdan was cut off and unable to come to Thingol’s aid. Further, although Thingol conquered with the help of the [[Laiquendi]], the Falathrim were driven to the very edge of the sea, where they were besieged for some months, until the [[Return of the Noldor]], when [[Fëanor]] struck [[Morgoth]] from the north. The siege of the Falas was abandoned as the [[Orcs]] were ordered northward to help their master, where they were all destroyed by [[Celegorm]]. The Falas were saved.<br />
<br />
Círdan attended the [[Mereth Aderthad]] with many of his people, where he swore oaths of friendship with the Noldor, and quite possibly met and befriended his later neighbors and friends [[Turgon]] and [[Finrod]]. Although Turgon eventually moved from [[Vinyamar]] to faraway [[Gondolin]], Círdan’s friendship with Finrod was lasting,<ref name="Belerian">{{S|Beleriand}}</ref> and Círdan became a close advisor to the Noldo. Círdan was, after all, a relative of his, being related (probably quite closely) to Olwë, Finrod’s grandfather.<br />
<br />
===Early First Age===<br />
<br />
When the tales began spreading (sown by [[Belegurth]]) of the [[Kinslaying of Alqualondë]], Círdan, being very wise even at that time, was greatly troubled, feeling that these rumors sprouted from great malice. Knowing the jealousy and dissention among the Noldor, he guessed that the malice was that of the kinslayers. Therefore he dutifully sent messages to his overlord Thingol, telling him all that he had heard. This resulted in the banishment of [[Quenya]], and greater strife between the Sindar and the Noldor.<br />
<br />
Círdan may have assisted in the [[Dagor Aglareb]], but this is unknown. Nevertheless he did not take part in the [[Dagor Bragollach]], as he was far away and not directly attacked, if even he had time to come to the aid of his allies. Nevertheless Círdan made up for his lack of participation in the [[Second Assault on Hithlum]], coming to the timely aid of [[Fingon]] when he was most needed. They sailed up the [[Firth of Drengist]], then struck the unsuspecting [[orcs]] from the west, giving victory to the elves.<ref name="Fingolfin">{{S|Fingolfin}}</ref><br />
<br />
After the [[Nirnaeth Arnoediad]], many fugitives came for shelter in the Falas. The Falathrim mariners harassed the orcs in guerilla attacks from the sea. But it was only a matter of time before [[Morgoth]] attacked. Then came the disastrous [[Fall of the Falas]]. Though both [[Brithombar]] and [[Eglarest]] were strong, with mighty walls, both fell one at a time due to the impressive array of siege-masters Morgoth had in his train. The elves fought valiantly, but the walls were broken and most of the Falathrim killed or enslaved. [[Barad Nimras]] was cast down, and the Falas laid to waste. But Círdan and some of his followers escaped by sea, and he took with him [[Gil-galad]], one of the last of the princes of the Noldor. They came to the [[Isle of Balar]] and founded a new kingdom, but kept a foothold at the [[Mouths of Sirion]], keeping ships hidden in the reeds there, making a refuge for all who fled there.<ref name="Fifth">{{S|Fifth}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Lord of Balar===<br />
<br />
Turgon, receiving the dreadful news, requested that Círdan send mariners to seek [[Valinor]] and the aid of the [[Valar]]. Círdan built seven swift ships, and sent them westward. None returned, save for only one mariner of the [[Gondolindrim]]. The way to the West was closed.<ref name="Fifth"/>{{Pronounce|Cirdan.mp3|Ardamir}}<br />
<br />
Eventually Círdan served as messenger, when [[Ulmo]] delivered him a message for [[Orodreth]], warning of the doom of [[Nargothrond]], and ordering him to shut his gates and cast down the bridge. The warning went unheeded, resulting of the [[Fall of Nargothrond]].<br />
<br />
After news came to Balar of the [[Fall of Gondolin]], [[Gil-galad]] was proclaimed [[High King of the Noldor]]. Círdan soon after became a fast friend of the young half-elf [[Eärendil]] son of [[Tuor]] and [[Idril]], who had grown up essentially under his shadow, and was apprenticed to him. Círdan aided Eärendil in building the ship [[Vingilot]], giving him advice and help. Círdan doubtless remembered his vision, and this ship was indeed a fulfillment of it.<ref name="LastWritings"/><br />
<br />
Círdan and Gil-galad came with their armies from the Isle of Balar too late to prevent the disastrous [[Third Kinslaying]], when the [[Mouths of Sirion|Havens of Sirion]] were ambushed and many fell. But Eärendil was not there, rather on a voyage, and the [[Silmaril]] of [[Beren]] and [[Lúthien]] had been spirited away by [[Elwing]] his wife. Thus, wielding the Silmaril, Eärendil came to [[Valinor]] and found the forgiveness of the [[Valar]].<ref name="Earendil">{{S|Earendil}}</ref> From that time on, Círdan was given foresight surpassing that of any of the elves,<ref name="LastWritings"/> perhaps some special grace of the Valar for his deeds in this world-changing episode (like the return of [[Glorfindel]], who also contributed significantly). After the [[War of Wrath]], Círdan, heeding the bidding of the Valar long ago, once more obediently abstained from finding his heart’s desire and going West, but with a small following remained in [[Middle-earth]].<br />
<br />
===Second Age===<br />
<br />
The continents were shifted, but Círdan still took up his abode by the sea, in [[Harlindon]] with [[Celeborn]] and [[Galadriel]].<ref name="Galadriel">{{UT|Galadriel}}</ref> Harlindon was located south of the [[Gulf of Lune]], to the north of which was [[Forlindon]], where [[Gil-galad]] and [[Elrond]] dwelt. There he welcomed the friendly and then-unfallen [[Númenóreans]], making friends with [[Vëantur]], chief of the mariners of [[Tar-Elendil]], and later teaching [[Tar-Aldarion|Aldarion]] his grandson of ships (both management and construction) and seaside architecture,<ref name="Wife">{{UT|Wife}}</ref> doubtless being the foremost authority on both. At some point he moved to [[Mithlond]].<br />
<br />
Círdan advised against the creation of the [[Rings of Power]] when [[Sauron|Annatar]] came, but, like Galadriel, his counsel went unheeded in the midst of the joy and enthusiasm of the [[Eregion]]-elves, and especially [[Celebrimbor]]. Nevertheless, when the [[Three Rings]] escaped the [[Sack of Eregion]], Celebrimbor had appointed him to inherit one of them. He received [[Narya]], the Ring of Fire.<ref name="Rings">{{S|Rings}}</ref> [[Sauron]], having revealed himself in the destruction of Eregion and empowered by [[the One Ring]] he had forged, [[sack of Eregion|invaded]] [[Eriador]] in the same blow. Nevertheless, though he killed many elves, he dared not attempt to take Mithlond or Lindon, feeling they were too strong and because they had the help of the Númenóreans. Indeed, they were his bane in that chapter of history, for the Númenóreans came and pushed him back beyond the [[Misty Mountains]], ending the [[Dark Years]].<ref name="Rings"/><br />
<br />
Eventually there came the [[Akallabêth|Fall of Númenor]], when the great man-isle of Númenor was overturned and [[Aman]] removed from the circles of the world. But [[Elendil]] escaped with his sons to [[Middle-earth]] and founded the [[Reunited Kingdom|Two Kingdoms]] over a vast space of land, on both sides of the Misty Mountains.<ref name="Akallabeth">{{S|Akallabeth}}</ref> This new kingdom of men profoundly impacted the lives of the elves of Lindon, as is seen in the [[War of the Last Alliance]].<br />
<br />
Círdan joined the [[Last Alliance of Elves and Men|alliance]], and fought steadily beside his friends and comrades. Many fell there, including [[Gil-galad]] and [[Elendil]]. Yet again Círdan outlived those around him, and survived the battle. With Elrond he urged [[Isildur]], Elendil’s first-born, to throw the captured One Ring into [[Orodruin]], where it would be unmade.<ref name="Rings"/><ref name="Council">{{FR|Council}}</ref> But Isildur refused.<br />
<br />
===Third Age===<br />
The early years of the [[Third Age]] were, for Círdan and the elves, mostly a time to catch their breaths after the fall of Sauron in the War of the Alliance. For more than a thousand years they went undisturbed,<ref name="AppB2">{{App|B2}}</ref> but at around {{TA|1050}} a shadow began to lengthen. Though many deemed that Sauron was defeated forever, for the first time in many centuries some evil was stirring, and awake. It was at this time the [[Istari]], sent by the [[Valar]], came. Though the [[Blue Wizards]] and [[Glorfindel]] may have come earlier during the [[Second Age]], and Círdan most probably greeted them in [[Mithlond]], it is known for sure that he met [[Gandalf]] there. Círdan was one of the few of the [[Wise]] left; of the other ancient elves, only Celeborn, Galadriel, Glorfindel (who was resurrected), and Elrond remained. He was the most foresighted of all of them, and alone knew the true purpose of the Istari. He also saw deep into the future of Gandalf, and gave him [[Narya]], his greatest possession and one of the most secret and sought-after treasures in the world.<br />
{{quote|Take this ring, Master… for your labours will be heavy; but it will support you in the weariness that you have taken upon yourself. For this is the Ring of Fire, and with it you may rekindle hearts in a world that grows chill. But as for me, my heart is with the [[Belegaer|Sea]], and I will dwell by the grey shores until the last ship sails. I will await you.|Círdan, ''[[Appendix B]]''}}<br />
<br />
In {{TA|1409}}, Círdan aided King [[Araphor]] of [[Arnor]] in battle against [[Angmar]] during the [[Fall of Rhudaur]], after [[Weathertop]] was burned. With Círdan’s help, young Araphor drove the wraith’s armies from [[Fornost]] and the [[North Downs]].<ref name="Gondor">{{App|Gondor}}</ref> The second time Círdan came to the aid of men was four and a half centuries later, in {{TA|1975}}, when Círdan sent a ship north to [[Forochel]] to rescue the lost [[Arnor]]ian king [[Arvedui]]. The crew endured a perilous journey, but found Arvedui. Yet Arvedui rashly attempted to return that winter, and all aboard perished.<ref name="Gondor"/> The next year Círdan mustered the elves to join with the [[Dúnedain]] in the victorious [[Battle of Fornost]]. Later Círdan took control of the abandoned [[palantíri|Elendil Stone]] on [[Emyn Beraid]], which could gaze into the [[Tol Eressëa|lost west]] and was without link to the other ''palantíri''.<ref name="Palantiri">{{UT|Palantiri}}</ref><br />
<br />
Círdan was invited onto the [[White Council]] when it was formed in {{TA|2463}} in response to the rise of the [[Sauron#Sauron's Return|Necromancer]], whose identity was at that point concealed. Throughout all the recorded history of the White Council, his actions go unrecorded. His role may have only been passive; as an advisor rather than a planner. At any rate, nothing more is mentioned of his actions until the [[War of the Ring]] in {{TA|3018}} and later {{TA|3021}}. [[Galdor of the Havens|Galdor]] was his messenger to [[Rivendell]], though for reasons unknown. It may be that he, too, felt the growing shadow, even as his friend [[Gandalf]] did. Sent by Círdan "on errand", Galdor attended the [[Council of Elrond]], speaking with authority on his lord’s behalf.<ref name="Council"/><br />
<br />
[[File:Decipher - Círdan.jpg|left|thumb|[[Decipher]] - ''Círdan'']]The last mention of Círdan came with the end of the Third Age. When the Ringbearers came to Mithlond, Círdan greeted them before the gates. Although [[Gandalf]], [[Galadriel]], and [[Elrond]] passed west on the ship he had built for them, Círdan seems to have remained for a time. Eventually, however, he passed west on the last ship, fulfilling his heart’s desire that had waited so long.<br />
<br />
==Characteristics and Impact==<br />
In the last years of the Third Age, Círdan appeared very old save for his eyes which "''were keen as stars''", wearing a long beard.<ref name="Havens">{{RK|Havens}}</ref> Likely, he had grown a beard since having reached his [[Elven life cycle#"Cycles of life" and aging|third cycle of life]].<ref>{{VT|41b}}, p. 9</ref><br />
<br />
Círdan had a profound effect upon the course of Middle-earth history. He was a loyal servant and friend of [[Elwë]], sacrificing his heart’s desire in search of him.<ref name="LastWritings"/> This loyalty and sense of duty shows up numerous times over the course of history, including his second sacrifice in his submission to the [[Valar]],<ref name="LastWritings"/> and his sending of troubling and potentially destructive rumors to his overlord Thingol. He was also the most foresighted of the elves, a gift from the Valar.<ref name="AppB2"/><ref name="LastWritings"/> He conceivably saved Elven civilization with the founding of the havens at the [[Mouths of Sirion]],<ref name="Fifth"/> and with the fostering of both [[Gil-galad]] and [[Eärendil]].<ref name="Earendil"/> His precious gift of [[Narya]] to [[Gandalf]] was also timely and valuable.<ref name="AppB2"/> He was clearly favored by [[Ulmo]], seen by the number of messages passed through him.<br />
<br />
== Genealogy ==<br />
{{familytree/start}}<br />
{{familytree| | | | | |F|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|7| |}}<br />
{{familytree| |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|.| | | | |:| |}}<br />
{{familytree| THI | | OLW | | ELM | | | CÍR |THI=[[Thingol]]<br/><small>''d. {{FA|502}}''</small>|OLW=[[Olwë]]<br/><small>''b. {{YT}}''</small>|ELM=[[Elmo]]<br/><small>''unknown''</small>|CÍR='''CÍRDAN'''<br/><small>''b. {{YT}}''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree/end}}<br />
<br />
==Portrayal in adaptations==<br />
[[Image:SBG - Cirdan.jpeg|thumb|'''Círdan''' as visualized by the [[Lord of the Rings Strategy Battle Game]]]] <br />
<br />
'''2001: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]'':'''<br />
:His role as lieutenant of Gil-galad is given to [[Elrond]] instead (Elrond was Gil-galad's herald in the books). He does, however, appear very briefly in Galadriel's Monologue at the start of the movie, in the very brief shot of the three elven ringbearers.<br />
<br />
'''2003: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]]'':'''<br />
:Círdan briefly appears as Frodo and Bilbo make their trip to the lands of the West. <br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[:Category:Images of Círdan|Images of Círdan]]<br />
<br />
{{References}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Cirdan}}<br />
[[Category:Characters in The Lord of the Rings]]<br />
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]<br />
[[Category:First Age characters]]<br />
[[Category:Second Age characters]]<br />
[[Category:Third Age characters]]<br />
[[Category:Fourth Age characters]]<br />
[[Category:Sindar]]<br />
[[Category:Sindarin names]]<br />
[[de:Círdan]]<br />
[[fr:encyclo:personnages:elfes:teleri:sindar:cirdan]]<br />
[[fi:Círdan]]</div>108.63.142.187https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Rohan&diff=299356Rohan2018-05-17T21:34:56Z<p>108.63.142.187: dwarves did indeed live in rohan (in agarlond); added a reference and additional info to this</p>
<hr />
<div>{{cleanup}}<br />
{{kingdom<br />
| image=[[File:Mark Fisher - Rohan.png|250px]]<br />
| name=Rohan<br />
| pronun=<br />
| othernames=Riddermark<br />
| location=From [[Fangorn Forest]] to [[White Mountains]], between the [[Isen]] and the [[Entwash]]<br />
| capital=[[Edoras]]<br />
| towns=[[Aldburg]], [[Dunharrow]], [[Grimslade]], [[Hornburg]], [[Upbourn]]<br />
| regions=[[Eastemnet]], [[Westemnet]], [[Eastfold]], [[Folde]], [[Westfold]], [[The Wold]], <br />
| population=[[Rohirrim]], [[Dwarves]]<br />
| language=[[Rohirric]], [[Westron]], [[Khuzdul]]<br />
| govern1=[[King of Rohan]]<br />
| govern2=<br />
| govern3=<br />
| currency=<br />
| holiday=<br />
| precededby=[[Calenardhon]]<br />
| event1=Formed<br />
| event1date={{TA|2510}}<br />
| event2=<br />
| event2date=<br />
| event3=<br />
| event3date=<br />
| event4=<br />
| event4date=<br />
| event5=<br />
| event5date=<br />
| followedby=<br />
}}<br />
'''Rohan''' was a [[Men|Mannish]] kingdom on the northern borders of [[Gondor]]. It was the territory of the [[Rohirrim]], a people of herdsmen and farmers. Well-known for their [[horses]] and cavalry, they were Gondor's most important ally. <br />
<br />
== Background==<br />
In the 1200s of the [[Third Age]], the Kings of Gondor made close alliances with the [[Northmen]] of [[Rhovanion]], a people akin to the [[Edain#The Three Houses|Three Houses of the Edain]] (later the [[Dúnedain]]) from the [[First Age]]. In the 2000s, a remnant tribe of such Northmen that called itself the [[Éothéod]] moved from the valleys of [[Anduin]] to the north west of [[Mirkwood]], clearing out what remained of the recently defeated witch kingdom of [[Angmar]], east of the [[Misty Mountains]]. <br />
<br />
In the meantime, the Gondorian province of Calenardhon was deserted by the [[Great Plague]] and during the [[Watchful Peace]] and local chieftains, such as [[Dunlendings]] gained control.<ref>{{UT|Isen}}</ref> During the time of [[Cirion]] the [[Stewards of Gondor|Steward of Gondor]], Calenardhon was overrun by the [[Balchoth]].<br />
[[File:Ted Nasmith - The Oathtaking of Cirion and Eorl.jpg|thumb|left|[[Ted Nasmith]] - The Oathtaking of Cirion and Eorl]]<br />
In {{TA|2509|n}}, Cirion sent summons to the Éothéod for aid in stopping a combined invasion of Men from the north east of Middle-earth, and [[Orcs]] from the [[Misty Mountains]]. [[Borondir]] reached [[Eorl the Young]], king of the Éothéod, who answered the summons, and arrived unexpectedly at a decisive [[battle of the Field of Celebrant]].<br />
<br />
As a reward, Cirion invited Eorl on [[Amon Anwar]], over the [[tomb of Elendil]] and he swore mutual alliance and cooperation between the two peoples. The Steward also gave Eorl the deserted but fertile area of Calenardhon to take as their own and repopulate.<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
Eorl moved his people there driving out the Dunlendings who attempted to repopulate it without Gondor's consent. Eorl also built the first city of Rohan, [[Aldburg]]. Eorl lost his life fighting the [[Easterlings]] in [[the Wold]].<ref>{{App|Mark}}</ref> Migration was continued to the days of second king [[Brego]] who defended the borders against the Dunlendings and Easterlings, and drove the remaining [[Orcs]] and [[Balchoth]] off the Wold. Brego also built the Golden Hall of [[Meduseld]], and made [[Edoras]] the capital of Rohan.<br />
<br />
[[File:Jan Pospisil - Edoras.jpg|thumb|Jan Pospisil - ''Edoras'']]<br />
King [[Aldor]] was the founder of a golden age in Rohan's history, during which he completed Rohan's conquest east of the [[Isen]] and the [[Rohirrim]] increased greatly in numbers, who even settled valleys of [[Ered Nimrais]] including [[Harrowdale]]. It was he who succeeded in driving all the remaining Dunlendings from his realm. Rohan continued to prosper during [[Goldwine]]'s rule; but as the guard of the borders lessened, the Dunlendings slowly began to return to northern [[Westfold]], settling the area around the (friendly to them) [[Ring of Isengard]] and the southern eaves of [[Fangorn Forest]]<ref>{{UT|Isen}}</ref>. A powerful Dunlendish force had been established, and King [[Déor]] was forced to ride northward from Edoras, ultimately to defeat his enemies but he was unable to recapture the Ring of Isengard. The following years the Dunlendings harassed and mingled with the Rohirrim.<br />
<br />
The first line of kings lasted for 249 years, until the ninth king [[Helm|Helm Hammerhand]]. In {{TA|2758}}, Rohan was invaded by Dunlendings under [[Wulf]], son of [[Freca]], of mixed Dunland and Rohan blood. The King, Helm Hammerhand, took refuge in the [[Hornburg]] until reinforcements from Gondor and [[Dunharrow]] (a refuge of the Rohirrim) arrived a year later and defeated the invaders. In a daring raid [[Fréaláf]] recaptured Edoras, and managed to reclaim it. He eventually drove the Dunlendings back across the rivers Isen and Adorn, freeing all of Rohan. <br />
<br />
The Rohirrim now kept a strong force in north [[Westfold]], however at some time King [[Folcwine]] would need the help of Gondor to drive some of them from the area.<ref>{{App|Mark}}</ref> He was successful but the people who remained were largely of mixed blood, and not loyal to Edoras.<ref>{{UT|Isen}}</ref><br />
<br />
It was soon after this that [[Saruman]] arrived and took over [[Isengard]], and was welcomed as a strong ally, since it would take Rohan close to 200 years to recover its strength after the invasion. <br />
<br />
As Rohan was still recovering from the war with the Dunlendings, hostilities remained at the western borders. For two generations, during the coincidental [[War of Dwarves and Orcs|conflict]] many thousands of [[Orcs]] tried to claim a refuge in the [[White Mountains]] and troubled the Rohirrim; [[Brytta]] fought them off, and when he died it was believed Rohan was free of Orcs; they were not entirely driven from the White Mountains until {{TA|2864}} by [[Folca]].<br />
<br />
During [[Thengel]]'s reign, a mysterious Northerner calling himself [[Thorongil]] entered his service, and rode with him for some time. <br />
<br />
Around {{TA|2960|n}} Saruman started to harass Rohan and in {{TA|3014|n}}, he began using his influence to weaken the King, [[Théoden]], as part of a campaign to invade or take over the kingdom. In {{TA|3019|n}}, he launched a full-scale invasion of Rohan, with victories; (Théoden's son, [[Théodred]] was killed during the [[First Battle of the Fords of Isen]]) and defeat at the [[Battle of the Hornburg]], where the [[Huorns]] came to the aid of the Rohirrim. <br />
<br />
[[File:Ted Nasmith - Pursuit in Rohan.jpg|thumb|left|[[Ted Nasmith]] - ''Pursuit in Rohan'']]<br />
On the heels of this victory, [[Théoden]] rode with an army to [[Minas Tirith]] and helped break its siege in the [[Battle of the Pelennor Fields]], where he was slain. [[Éomer]], the nephew of King [[Théoden]], then succeeded to the throne, beginning the third line. [[Éomer]] rode with the armies of [[Gondor]] to the gates of Mordor and took part in the final battle with the forces of [[Sauron]], who was defeated when the [[The One Ring|Ruling Ring]] was destroyed.<br />
<br />
The rule of the Stewards of Gondor was now over. King Éomer and the new king of Gondor, [[Aragorn|Aragorn II]] (Aragorn), renewed their oath of alliance, and reaffirmed Cirion's grant of Calenardhon to the Rohirrim. But though Sauron had perished Éomer often fulfilled the Oath of Eorl and went with [[Aragorn|King Elessar]] far into the East and South. He was known as Éomer Éadig, or "the Blessed", because during his reign Rohan recovered from the hurts of the War and became a rich and fruitful land again.<br />
<br />
After the downfall of [[Sauron]], [[Gimli]] led a party of the [[Dwarves]] of [[Lonely Mountain|Erebor]] to Aglarond, the [[Glittering Caves]] of the [[White Mountains]] within the realm of Rohan, of which there was an entrance in [[Helm's Deep]].<ref>{{App|Durin}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Description ==<br />
<br />
The borders of Rohan were the river [[Isen]] in the west, bordering [[Saruman]]'s [[Isengard]]; the river [[Adorn]], a tributary of Isen, also in the west, forming the border with the unfriendly [[Dunlendings]]); the [[White Mountains]] in the south; the [[Mering Stream]] in the southeast, at the border between Rohan and Gondor; the Mouths of [[Entwash]] in the east; and the [[Limlight]], a tributary of the [[Anduin]] as the northern border.<br />
<br />
The most significant feature of Rohan's geography was the river [[Entwash]], which divided the country between [[Eastemnet]] and [[Westemnet]], itself divided as [[Eastfold]] and [[Westfold]]. Other lands were [[the Wold]], the [[Folde]], the [[Downs]] and the [[Undeeps]].<br />
[[File:Ted Nasmith - The Riders of Rohan.jpg|thumb|[[Ted Nasmith]] - ''The Riders of Rohan'']]<br />
The Rohirrim found abandoned Gondorian fortresses and refuges in the White Mountains, such as the [[Dunharrow]], the [[Orthanc]] and the [[Hornburg]] which they restored and used themselves. <br />
<br />
The capital of Rohan was the hill fort of [[Edoras]] which lay on the slopes of the [[White Mountains]]. Another large city was '''[[Aldburg]]''', the capital city of the Eastfold and original city of Eorl the Young. Other cities must have existed but are not named.<br />
<br />
At the time of the War of the Ring, Rohan was roughly a third the size of Gondor, whose borders had slowly been shrinking for decades.{{fact}}<br />
<br />
===Climate and countryside===<br />
The countryside of Rohan was described as a land of pastures and lush tall grassland. The lands of Rohan are frequently described as appearing like "seas of grass". Most of the Rohirrim dwelt in small villages or farms.<br />
<br />
== Politics == <br />
===Military===<br />
[[File:The Lord of the Rings - The Two Towers - Rohirrim.jpg|thumb|''"Forth Eorlingas!"'']]<br />
The military of the Rohirrim was commanded by Marshals. The [[First Marshal of the Riddermark]] was the highest military rank and commanded the [[Muster of Edoras]]: Riders of the capital Edoras and the surrounding lands, including the King's Lands and [[Harrowdale]]. In his youth, King Théoden had led the Riders of the Muster of Edoras himself, so that no First Marshal was needed and at the time of the War of the Ring, there was no First Marshal. <br />
<br />
The Second and Third Marshals had no fixed duties, and their roles changed according to the needs of the time. The [[Second Marshal of the Riddermark]] and was based in the [[Helm's Deep]] and around the War of the Ring it was filled by Théoden's son, Prince [[Théodred]]. The [[Third Marshal of the Riddermark]] was based at [[Aldburg]] in the [[Folde]] and around the War of the Ring it was filled by [[Éomer]].<br />
<br />
After the War of the Rings, the new rank of [[Marshal of the East-mark]] was created for the eastern Rohan by King Éomer. The first Rider to hold it was his lieutenant, [[Elfhelm]].<br />
<br />
===Alliance with Gondor===<br />
The alliance between Rohan and Gondor came into existence in the year {{TA|2510|n}} of the [[Third Age]]. In that year the [[Easterlings]] launched a massive invasion of Gondor. The army of Gondor was defeated and trapped between the Limlight and the [[Celebrant]]. Gondor, which had always been on friendly terms with the different tribes of the [[Northmen]], sent messengers to the closest tribe, the [[Éothéod]]. Although it was unlikely that the message calling for aid would come through, it did. Then [[Eorl the Young]] and his fierce Éothéod Riders unexpectedly took the field during the Battle of Celebrant and turned the tide in the favour of Gondor. As a reward [[Cirion]], the [[Steward of Gondor]], gave Eorl the depopulated province of Calenardhon for his people to settle, while fulfilling Gondor's need for a strong ally. The [[Oath of Eorl]] was sworn by both Cirion and Eorl. Neither nation has ever broken the alliance ever since. Rohan has gone through great lengths to fulfill their part of the treaty including sacrificing two of its heirs when Gondor was under threat from the [[Haradrim]] in 2885, when [[Fastred (son of Folcwine)|Fastred]] and [[Folcred]], the twin sons of King [[Folcwine]], were killed during the Battle of Crossings of [[Poros]]. King [[Théoden]] once again honoured the alliance in the [[Battle of the Pelennor Fields]].<br />
<br />
===War with the Dunlendings===<br />
To the west of Rohan lived the [[Dunlendings]], a native people who had been hostile against the Free Peoples for a long time. The Dunlending [[Wulf]] briefly usurped of the throne of Rohan during the long winter.<br />
<br />
During the [[War of the Ring]], Saruman would incite them against the Rohirrim and they would fight alongside the [[Uruk-hai]] in the [[Battle of the Hornburg]].<br />
<br />
===Wormtongue===<br />
<br />
When king Théoden began to grow old, he took as an adviser [[Gríma]], later called ''Wormtongue''. Gríma quickly became Théoden's chief adviser, but unknown to all he was secretly working for Saruman. Gríma played on Théoden's fears to further weaken the strength of the king and all of Rohan, always advising retreat where an attack was needed. He may have also begun poisoning the king at this time. This nearly proved disastrous for Rohan, and also for Gondor, by robbing them of their strongest ally in the north. Gríma Wormtongue's plans were not revealed until [[Gandalf]] arrived in Edoras during the War of the Ring.<br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
<br />
The name ''Rohan'' (coined by [[Hallas]]) is [[Gondor Sindarin]], meaning "Horse-country". ''Rohan'' is a debased form of the proper [[Sindarin]] name ''Rochand'' (or ''Rochan''), containing the elements ''[[Horses#Etymology|roch]]'' ("[[Horses|horse]]") and the toponymical ending ''[[-nd|-and]]''.<ref>[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], [[Nancy Smith]], ""[[Index questions]]"</ref><ref name=Cirion>{{UT|Cirion}}, "iii. Cirion and Eorl"</ref><ref>{{HM|RC}}, pp. 247-8</ref><br />
<br />
The native name of the country was '''[[Riddermark]]''', or simply '''the Mark'''.<br />
<br />
In a draft of ''The Appendices'', Tolkien noted that ''Rohan'' "is of [[Noldorin]] origin, a translation of the native ''[[Lōgrad]]''", having the "strictly correct form [...] ''Rochann''."<ref>{{PM|II}}, p. 53</ref><br />
<br />
==Other versions of the legendarium==<br />
Conceptualised as the "Horse kings of Rohan" allied with [[Mordor]] in early drafts of [[1939]], the Rohirrim took their final form in 1942 when the text of the Lord of the Rings was completed to about one third.<br />
<br />
==Inspiration==<br />
Several aspects of Rohan's culture and history seem to be inspired by both Goths, Scandinavians and the medieval Anglo-Saxons.<br />
<br />
Just like the Germanic Ostrogoths, Rohirric culture was a mounted culture. It had separated from the [[Northmen]], moved south, and had settled in close proximity with a civilization. In the Goths' case it was the Byzantine Empire and in the case of the Rohirrim, it was Gondor.<br />
<br />
Especially Hervarar saga, with its [[Mirkwood]], Gothic horsemen and shieldmaidens, appears to have inspired Tolkien when creating the Rohirrim, although he exchanged the Gothic tongue with the Anglo-Saxon.<br />
<br />
The antipathy between the Rohirrim and the [[Dunlendings]] resembles the historical tension between the Anglo-Saxon settlers of Britain and the native Celts.<br />
{{references}}<br />
{{FellowshipRoute}}<br />
[[Category:Gondor Sindarin words]]<br />
[[Category:Regions]]<br />
[[Category:Rohan| Rohan]]<br />
[[de:Rohan]]<br />
[[fi:Rohan]]<br />
[[fr:encyclo/geographie/royaumes/rohan]]</div>108.63.142.187https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=White_Mountains&diff=299355White Mountains2018-05-17T21:30:56Z<p>108.63.142.187: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{sources}}<br />
{{location infobox<br />
| name==The White Mountains<br />
| image=[[File:Raine Kuusi - Dusk.jpg|250px]]<br />
| caption="Dusk" by Raine Kuusi<br />
| pronun=<br />
| othernames=Ered Nimrais<br />
| location=Between [[Gondor]] and [[Rohan]]<br />
| type=Mountain range<br />
| description=Tall, snow-capped mountains<br />
| regions=<br />
| towns=<br />
| inhabitants=[[Men]], [[Dwarves]], [[Orcs]]<br />
| created=<br />
| destroyed=<br />
| events=<br />
| gallery=the White Mountains<br />
}}<br />
The '''White Mountains''', or '''''[[White Mountains#Etymology|Ered Nimrais]]''''' was a great mountain range that lay between [[Calenardhon]]/[[Rohan]] in the North and [[Gondor]] in the South. They ran 600 miles (965 kilometers) from [[Thrihyrne]] in the north-west to [[Mindolluin]] and [[Amon Tirith]] in the east. A low spur sprung off south-west, and ended at [[Ras Morthil]].<br />
<br />
==Geographic features==<br />
===Important peaks===<br />
The mountain range’s notable peaks were, from west to east, [[Thrihyrne]], [[Starkhorn]], [[Dwimorberg]], [[Írensaga]], [[Amon Anwar|Halifirien]], [[Calenhad]], [[Min-Rimmon]], [[Erelas]], [[Nardol]], [[Eilenach]], [[Amon Dîn]], [[Mindolluin]] and [[Amon Tirith]].<br />
<br />
At the foot of Thrihyrne was the valley known as [[Helm's Deep]], and the [[Glittering Caves]] of Aglarond were underneath its spurs.<br />
<br />
The three mountains Starkhorn, Dwimorberg and Irensaga enclosed the valley of [[Dunharrow]], and the Dwimorberg was also the home of the [[Paths of the Dead]].<br />
<br />
Halifirien, Calenhad, Min-Rimmon, Erelas, Nardol, Eilenach, and Amon Dîn were strategically chosen hilltops on the northern side of the range. They were the [[Warning beacons of Gondor]]. There was probably a beacon-row on the south side too.<br />
<br />
===Passes===<br />
There were no passes over the White Mountains. If the [[Fellowship of the Ring]] were to avoid the [[Gap of Rohan]], they would have to follow the coast around [[Ras Morthil]] on the cape of [[Andrast]]. The only passage through the mountain range was at the Paths of the Dead, but only the most courageous (or foolhardy) ever ventured that route.<br />
<br />
==Rivers==<br />
Several rivers sprung from the White Mountains, among them the [[Adorn]], the [[Deeping-stream]], the [[Snowbourn]] and [[Mering Stream]] on the north side, and, on the south side, the [[Erui]], the [[Ringló]], the [[Ciril]], the [[Morthond]] and the [[Lefnui]].<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
===Origins===<br />
<br />
A local legend among the [[Pre-Númenóreans|indigenous people]] of [[Gondor]] told of [[giants]] making the mountains to keep [[Men]] out of their lands by the [[Belegaer|Sea]]. One of them, [[Stiffneck]] or [[Tarlang]] died there and some peaks are his [[Tarlang's Neck|neck]] and [[Dol Tarlang|head]]; the stones he was carrying were known as [[Cûl Veleg]] and [[Cûl Bîn]].<ref>[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], ''[[Guide to the Names in The Lord of the Rings|Nomenclature of The Lord of the Rings]]'', omitted entry quoted in [[Wayne G. Hammond]], [[Christina Scull]], ''[[The Lord of the Rings: A Reader's Companion]]'', pp. 536-7</ref><br />
<br />
===Inhabitants===<br />
<br />
Throughout history, the White Mountains were inhabited by Men, including the [[Drúedain]], [[Dunlendings]], [[Rohirrim]], and [[Gondor|Gondorians]]; [[Orcs]]; and [[Dwarves]].<br />
<br />
The Drúedain lived along its northern edges, leaving [[Púkel-men]] at [[Starkhorn]] and [[Drúwaith Iaur]]. They resettled to a forest that would later be named after them: [[Drúadan Forest|Tawar in-Drúedain]].<br />
<br />
In the [[Second Age]], the White Mountains were populated by a people related to the Dunlendings who had been servants of [[Sauron]]. They swore allegiance to [[Isildur]], but betrayed him and were cursed: they became known as the [[Oathbreakers]].<br />
<br />
The valley on the southern side were under the rule of the [[Kings of Gondor|King of Gondor]], and the lords of [[Blackroot Vale]], [[Ringló Vale]], [[Tumladen]] and [[Lossarnach]] were loyal fiefs.<ref name=rkmap/><br />
<br />
From {{TA|2510}}, the northern vales and hills became under the rule of the Rohirrim, mighty horse-lords from the North. They settled in [[Helm's Deep]], [[Dunharrow]] and [[Grimslade]], and built their capital [[Edoras]] on an outlying hill.<ref name=rkmap>{{RK|Map}}</ref><br />
<br />
After the [[Battle of Azanulbizar]] in {{TA|2799}}, thousands of [[orcs]] fled south and troubled Rohan for two generations. Although the [[Rohirrim]] fought them off, some Orcs managed to reach the Mountains; King [[Walda]] was killed by an Orc at [[Dunharrow]].<ref>{{App|Eorl}}</ref><br />
<br />
In the early [[Fourth Age]], [[Gimli]], son of [[Glóin]] led a colony of [[Dwarves]] and settled in the [[Glittering Caves]], of which he had discovered the value during the [[Battle of the Hornburg]].<ref>{{App|Durin}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
The [[Sindarin]] name of the White Mountains, '''''Ered Nimrais''''', consists of ''[[ered]]'' ("mountains") and ''nimrais'' ("white-peaks; pale-horns").<ref>{{PE|17}}, p. 33</ref><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[:Category:Images of the White Mountains|Images of the White Mountains]]<br />
<br />
{{References}}<br />
[[Category:Gondor]]<br />
[[Category:Mountain ranges]]<br />
[[Category:Rohan]]<br />
[[Category:White Mountains]]<br />
[[de:Weißes Gebirge]]<br />
[[fi:Valkoiset Vuoret]]<br />
[[fr:encyclo/geographie/reliefs/montagnes_blanches]]</div>108.63.142.187https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Angmar_War&diff=299354Angmar War2018-05-17T21:29:06Z<p>108.63.142.187: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{unnamed}}<br />
{{War<br />
| previous=[[War of the Last Alliance]]<br />
| next=[[War of the Ring]]<br />
| name=Angmar War <br />
| image=<br />
| begin={{TA|1409}}<br />
| end={{TA|1974}} (fighting finally ended in {{TA|1977}})<br />
| place=[[Arnor]], [[Angmar]], [[The Shire]], [[Rivendell]], Northwest [[Rhovanion|Wilderland]]<br />
| result=Destruction of the kingdoms of Arnor and Angmar, decline of the [[Dúnedain of the North]], the Eótheód take the upper Vales of the Anduin as their own from the remnants of Angmar.<br />
| battles= First Invasion of Angmar, [[Fall of Cardolan]], [[Fall of Amon Sûl]], Weather Hills skirmishes, [[Second Siege of Imladris]], [[Fall of Fornost]], [[Battle of Fornost]], Eótheód Incursion<br />
|side1=[[Arthedain]], [[Cardolan]], [[Lindon]], [[Rivendell]], [[Lórien]], [[Gondor]], the [[Eotheod|Eótheód]]<br />
|side2=[[Angmar]], [[Rhudaur|Angmar-occupied Rhudaur]]<br />
|commanders1=<br />
* [[Argeleb I]]†<br />
* [[Arveleg I]]†<br />
* [[King of Cardolan|Last Prince of Cardolan]]†<br />
* [[Araphor]]<br />
* [[Círdan]]<br />
* [[Elrond]]<br />
* [[Arvedui]] <br />
* [[Eärnur]]<br />
|commanders2=<br />
* [[Witch-king of Angmar]] <br />
* Lord of the [[Hill-men]]<br />
|}}<br />
<br />
The '''Angmar War''' was a centuries-long struggle between the Northern [[Dúnedain]] kingdom and the forces of [[Angmar]], led by the [[Witch-king]]. <br />
==Prelude==<br />
[[Image:Grant Gould - The Witch King.jpg|left|thumb|Eliot Gould - ''The Witch King'']] After the death of King [[Eärendur]], the [[Arnor|Kingdom of Arnor]] was split into three parts: [[Arthedain]], [[Cardolan]] and [[Rhudaur]], each ruled by one of Eärendur's sons. There was often strife between the three kingdoms, usually over control of the [[Weather Hills]] and the ''[[palantíri|palantír]]'' of [[Amon Sûl]]. During the reign of [[Malvegil]] of Arthedain (c. {{TA|1300}}), a new power arose beyond the [[Ettenmoors]]. This new realm of [[Angmar]] was ruled by the [[Witch-king]], though it was not yet known that he was indeed the chief of the [[Nazgûl|Ringwraiths]]. He filled his domain, which extended into the Upper [[Vales of Anduin|Anduin Vale]], with Orcs and other fell creatures, but also Men, most likely drawn from the local population of [[Hill-men]]. In Rhudaur, the Dúnedain there being few, a lord of the Hill-men seized power.<ref>{{App|A}}</ref><br />
<br />
==The Early Wars==<br />
[[Argeleb I]] of Arthedain claimed the kingship of all Arnor, the line of [[Isildur]] having failed in Cardolan and Rhudaur. In Cardolan Argeleb was recognised as king, though it also kept its own princes. Rhudaur however resisted the claim, and openly allied with Angmar. Argeleb fortified the [[Weather Hills]],<ref>{{App|A}}</ref> but was killed in battle with Rhudaur and Angmar in {{TA|1356}}.<ref>{{App|B}}</ref> His son [[Arveleg I]] received help from Cardolan and [[Lindon]], and was able to drive the enemy back from the Weather Hills. After this the men of Arthedain and Cardolan held, for many years, a frontier along the Weather Hills, the [[East Road| Great East Road]] and the lower [[Hoarwell]]. During this period the Witch-king [[Second Siege of Imladris|besieged]] [[Rivendell]], but failed to take it.<ref>{{App|A}}</ref><br />
<br />
In {{TA|1409}}, the Witch-king launched a massive assault upon Arnor, circling around the Dúnedain defences to invade Cardolan from the south. Causing huge destruction, the host of Angmar marched north to Amon Sûl. The great watchtower was taken and destroyed, although its ''palantír'' was saved and brought to [[Fornost]]. In this war both Arveleg and the Last Prince of Cardolan perished. The remaining Dúnedain of Rhudaur were slain or driven west, while those of Cardolan held out only in [[Barrow-downs|Tyrn Gorthad]] and the [[Old Forest]]. Fornost meanwhile was beset by the armies of Angmar, but Cirdan brought reinforcements out of Lindon, enabling the young king [[Araphor]] to repel his foes from the [[North Downs]].<ref>{{App|A}}</ref><br />
<br />
Arnor had been weakened hugely but the Witch-king was unable to press home his advantage because, at this point, the Elves unleashed their remaining strength upon Angmar. [[Elrond]] persuaded King [[Amroth]] to send a force of [[Galadhrim]] over the [[High Pass]] to Rivendell. Together with their kinsfolk of Lindon, they dealt such a blow to Angmar that it was left in a weakened state for centuries.<ref>{{App|A}}</ref><br />
<br />
Arnor, however, was unable to recover its former strength. Much of its territory was already deserted, prompting [[Argeleb II]] to grant [[The Shire]] to the [[Hobbits]] in {{TA|1601}}.<ref>{{App|B}}</ref> In the seventeenth century a [[Great Plague]] came from out of the East, devastating [[Rhovanion]] and [[Gondor]]. While Arthedain was relatively unaffected, Cardolan suffered greatly and the remaining Dúnedain in Tyrn Gorthad perished. The Hobbits of the Shire also saw great loss,but their numbers recovered in time. In the wake of the Plague, evil spirits came down out of Angmar and Rhudaur and reanimated the corpses of the Dúnedain of the Barrow-downs.<ref>{{App|A}}</ref><br />
<br />
==The Fall of Arnor==<br />
The North-Kingdom nonetheless had peace for a time, but in the nineteenth century Angmar renewed its attacks. King [[Araval]] was slain fighting in Cardolan in {{TA|1851}}<ref>{{PM|Elendil}}, pp. 195, 209-210</ref> and, in the same year, Gondor was attacked by the [[Wainriders]] for the first time.<ref>{{App|B}}</ref> Suspecting that these attacks might be being coordinated by a single power, the two kingdoms finally brought to an end their years of estrangement. In {{TA|1940}}, [[Arvedui]] heir to the sceptre of Arnor, wedded [[Fíriel]], the daughter of King [[Ondoher]] of Gondor. Ondoher would prove to be last in a direct line of kings since [[Meneldil]] when he was slain in battle with the Wainriders four years later. Hoping to save Arnor from Angmar, Arvedui staked his claim to Gondor, by right of his descent from Elendil and by that of his wife. The lords of Gondor however were not for reunification, and instead gave the crown to [[Eärnil II|Eärnil]] the commander who had defeated the Wainriders. Arvedui did not press his claim, and Eärnil maintained good relations with Arnor, promising them aid against the continuing attacks of Angmar. Arvedui succeeded his father in {{TA|1964}}, but Arnor's strength was fast dwindling. In {{TA|1973}} he sent a message to Eärnil that they were in great straits, and that Angmar was preparing it final assault. Eärnil accordingly mustered a great army, including many horsemen from Vales of Anduin, under the command of his son Prince [[Eärnur]]. The Gondorian force put to sea, but would not arrive in Lindon before Angmar struck.<ref>{{App|A}}</ref><br />
<br />
In {{TA|1974}} the Witch-king amassed his forces and launched a final assault on Arthedain. The Witch-king attacked during the harsh winter weather and [[Fall of Fornost|took]] Fornost. The remnants of the Arnorian forces fled west over the river Lune but Arvedui held out for a short time in the North Downs. He and a few surviving companions were eventually forced to flee to the abandoned mines of the northern [[Ered Luin]]. With their food running our, they sought refuge with the [[Lossoth]] of [[Forochel]]. Receiving word of the King's whereabouts, Cirdan sent a ship to the [[Icebay of Forochel|Icebay]] to rescue him. Against the advice of the Lossoth chieftain, Arvedui boarded the ship, which that night was wrecked by a storm from the North. Arvedui drowned, and with him were lost the ''palantíti'' of Fornost and Amon Sûl.<ref>{{App|A}}</ref><br />
<br />
==The End of the War==<br />
[[File:Earnur RotWK.png|thumb|Earnur of Gondor]]<br />
The Witch-king now sat the throne in the king's palace, but it was not long before Eärnur arrived in much joy and wonder among Elves and Men. There were so many ships that the fleet filled [[Forlond]], [[Harlond (Lindon)|Harlond]], and the [[Grey Havens]]; amazing the people of the North, even though this was but a small part of Gondor's strength. Círdan summoned the Noldor, Sindar and what remained of the Men of Arnor then the allied host marched across the [[Lune]], to challenge the occupiers of Fornost.<ref>{{App|A}}</ref><br />
<br />
The Witch-king, confident and proud after his recent victories, did not prepare for a siege, but sent his army out to face the Host of the West. The Men and Elves came down from Hills of [[Evendim]] and engaged the forces of Angmar in the plains between [[Nenuial]] and Fornost. The Host of the West had the better of the [[Battle of Fornost|fighting]], and the Angmarim began to retreat back to Fornost. Suddenly, out of the north, came the main body of the Gondorian cavalry, which had passed around the Hills and outflanked the enemy. They fell upon the Angmarim and scattered them in a great rout. The Witch-king gathered what troops he could and tried to lead them back to Angmar but was overtaken by the cavalry of Gondor led by Prince Eärnur. At the same time a force of Elves led by [[Glorfindel]] came up out from Rivendell and the remnants of Angmar's army were utterly destroyed. Near the end of the battle, the Witch-king attempted to slay Eärnur, but fled upon the appearance of Glorfindel. Angmar was obliterated and all its people west of the Mountains were killed or driven off, but the Witch-king himself fled east, to resurface in [[Mordor]] in T.A. 2002. Two years after the [[Battle of Fornost]], [[Frumgar]] led the [[Éothéod]] into the northern Vales of Anduin, and drove away what remained of the people of Angmar on the east side of the Mountains, this being the final act of the conflict.<ref>{{App|A}}</ref><br />
<br />
The destruction brought about by this final war left Arnor unable to function as a kingdom, and Arvedui's son [[Aranarth]] would be known as merely the [[Chieftains of the Dúnedain|Chieftain of the Dúnedain]]. Arthedain and Cardolan were both heavily depopulated while Rhudaur was deserted, its population having been killed or driven away at the end of the war.<ref name=ford>{{FR|I12}}</ref> [[Mount Gundabad]] however continued to be used as a capital by the Orcs.<ref>{{H|17}}</ref> Fornost was not resettled after the war and stayed a lonely ruin, feared by the Men of [[Bree]], who called it Deadmen's Dike. Not until a thousand years later after the [[War of the Ring]] under King [[Aragorn|Elessar]] was it re-established.<ref>{{RK|VI7}}</ref><br />
<br />
Later in the Third Age, Gandalf believed that Sauron wished to re-establish control over Angmar and the northern passes, but was unable to do so because of the [[Durin's Folk|Dwarves]] and the [[Men of Dale]]. Without them (according to Gandalf), there would have been war in Eriador again.<ref>{{UT|9}}</ref><br />
<br />
<br />
== Portrayal in adaptations ==<br />
'''2012: ''[[The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey]]'':'''<br />
:During the [[White Council]], [[Galadriel]] indirectly mentions this war and its aftermath. <br />
<br />
{{references}}<br />
<br />
{{seq-start}}<br />
{{seq<br />
| prev=[[War of the Last Alliance]]<br />
| list=Major events of [[Middle-earth]]<br />
| dates={{TA|1409}} - {{TA|1974}}<br />
| next=[[Watchful Peace]]<br />
}}<br />
{{seq-end}}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Conflicts of the Third Age]]<br />
[[Category:Wars]]</div>108.63.142.187https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Belegost&diff=299345Belegost2018-05-17T02:16:01Z<p>108.63.142.187: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{kingdom<br />
| image=[[File:Mark Fisher - Belegost.gif|250px]]<br />
| name=Belegost<br />
| pronun=<br />
| othernames=Gabilgathol<br />
| location=[[Blue Mountains]], north-east of [[Dolmed|Mount Dolmed]]<br />
| capital=<br />
| towns=<br />
| regions=<br />
| population=[[Dwarves of Belegost]]<br />
| language=[[Khuzdul]], [[Sindarin]]<br />
| govern1=[[Lord of Belegost]]<br />
| govern2=<br />
| govern3=<br />
| currency=<br />
| holiday=<br />
| precededby=<br />
| event1=Founded<br />
| event1date=[[Years of the Trees]]<br />
| event2=Destroyed<br />
| event2date={{FA|587}}<br />
| event3=Abandoned<br />
| event3date={{SA|40}}<br />
| event4=<br />
| event4date=<br />
| event5=<br />
| event5date=<br />
| followedby=<br />
}}<br />
'''Belegost''' was one of two great [[Dwarves|Dwarven]] [[Dwarf realms|cities]] in the [[Ered Luin]].<br />
<br />
==Description==<br />
<br />
Belegost lay in the north central part of the Ered Luin, north of [[Nogrod]] and northeast of [[Dolmed|Mount Dolmed]],<ref>{{S|Map}}</ref> guarding one of the only passes through the mountain range.<ref>{{VT|48a}}, p. 24 ("But the Dwarves had built some great Mansions in those mountains [the Ered Luin] (commanding the only passes)")</ref><br />
<br />
==History==<br />
<br />
Belegost was home to the [[Dwarves of Belegost]]. During the mid [[First Age]] its king until [[Nirnaeth Arnoediad]] was [[Azaghâl]].<ref>{{S|Fifth}}</ref><br />
<br />
Belegost was probably founded sometime during the [[Years of the Trees]].<ref>{{VT|48a}}, p. 24 ("...which had certainly been founded long ago ... before the coming of the exiled Noldor, probably before the Eldar of the Great Journey ever reached Beleriand")</ref><br />
<br />
At the end of the First Age, Belegost was ruined in the [[War of Wrath]],<ref>{{App|Durin}}</ref> and around the [[Second Age 40|fortieth year]] of the [[Second Age]] the Dwarves of the Blue Mountains began to migrate to [[Moria|Khazad-dûm]], abandoning Nogrod and Belegost.<ref>{{App|SA}}</ref> However, there always remained some Dwarves on the eastern side of the Blue Mountains in days afterward.<ref>{{UT|Concerning}} p. 235</ref><br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
''Belegost'' ([[beleg]] + [[ost]]) was a [[Sindarin]] translation of the original [[Dwarvish]] name '''''Gabilgathol''''' and both mean "Great City". Unlike other names of the ''Silmarillion'', the text also gives us an English rendering, which was possibly from [[Westron]]: '''''Mickleburg'''''.<ref name="Sindar">{{S|Sindar}}</ref> ''Mickle'' is a root meaning "big"; see also [[Michel Delving]].<br />
<br />
The city's [[Khuzdul]] name '''''Gabilgathol''''' contains the elements ''[[gabil]]'' "great" and ''[[gathol]]'' "fortress".<br />
<br />
'''''Túrosto''''' was the name in [[Quenya]] for Belegost.<ref>{{WJ|AB}}, p. 389</ref><br />
<br />
==In adaptations==<br />
In ''[[The Atlas of Middle-earth]]'' the fortress is incorrectly called '''Gabilgathod'''.<ref>[[Karen Wynn Fonstad]], ''[[The Atlas of Middle-earth]]'', Beleriand and the Lands to the North, Map</ref><br />
<br />
{{references}}<br />
[[Category:Beleriand]]<br />
[[Category:Eriador]]<br />
[[Category:Cities, towns and villages]]<br />
[[Category:Dwarven realms]]<br />
<br />
[[de:Belegost]]<br />
[[fi:Belegost]]<br />
[[fr:encyclo:geographie:villes_tours_et_forteresses:beleriand:belegost]]</div>108.63.142.187https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Nogrod&diff=299344Nogrod2018-05-17T02:15:15Z<p>108.63.142.187: </p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
{{kingdom<br />
| image=[[File:Mark Fisher - Belegost.gif|250px]]<br />
| name=Nogrod<br />
| pronun=<br />
| othernames=Tumunzahar<br />
| location=[[Blue Mountains]], south-east of [[Dolmed|Mount Dolmed]]<br />
| capital=<br />
| towns=<br />
| regions=<br />
| population=[[Dwarves of Nogrod]]<br />
| language=[[Khuzdul]], [[Sindarin]]<br />
| govern1=Lord of Nogrod<br />
| govern2=<br />
| govern3=<br />
| currency=<br />
| holiday=<br />
| precededby=<br />
| event1=Founded<br />
| event1date=[[Years of the Trees]]<br />
| event2=Destroyed<br />
| event2date={{FA|587}}<br />
| event3=Abandoned<br />
| event3date={{SA|40}}<br />
| event4=<br />
| event4date=<br />
| event5=<br />
| event5date=<br />
| followedby=<br />
}}<br />
'''Nogrod''' was one of two [[Dwarves|Dwarven]] cities in the [[Ered Luin]] that prospered during the [[First Age]]. It was home to the [[Dwarves of Nogrod]].<br />
<br />
==Description==<br />
Nogrod lay in the north-central part of the mountain range, near [[Dolmed|Mount Dolmed]] where the Dwarf-road of [[Beleriand]] crossed into [[Eriador]].<ref>{{S|Map}}</ref> It guarded one of the only passes through the mountain range.<ref>{{VT|48a}}, p. 24 ("But the Dwarves had built some great Mansions in those mountains [the Ered Luin] (commanding the only passes)")</ref> It was home to the [[Dwarves of Nogrod]]. Nogrod was also the home to the great Dwarven smiths [[Gamil Zirak]] and [[Telchar]].<ref>{{UT|Narn}}, ''The Departure of Túrin''</ref><br />
<br />
==History==<br />
The city was built sometime during the [[Years of the Trees]] when the western [[Fathers of the Dwarves]] awoke from beneath Mount Dolmed.<ref>{{VT|48a}}, p. 24 ("...which had certainly been founded long ago ... before the coming of the exiled Noldor, probably before the Eldar of the Great Journey ever reached Beleriand")</ref><br />
<br />
Nogrod traded with throughout Beleriand and the Dwarves were employed for delvings and crafts, most famously the [[Nauglamir]] for King [[Thingol]].<ref>{{S|Doriath}}</ref> [[Eöl]] the Dark Elf often went there, as did his son [[Maeglin]].<ref name="Sindar">{{S|Sindar}}</ref> <br />
<br />
At the end of the First Age, Nogrod was ruined in the [[War of Wrath]],<ref>{{App|Durin}}</ref> and around the [[Second Age 40|fortieth year]] of the [[Second Age]] the Dwarves of the Blue Mountains began to migrate to [[Moria|Khazad-dûm]], abandoning Nogrod and [[Belegost]].<ref>{{App|SA}}</ref> However, there always remained some Dwarves on the eastern side of the Blue Mountains in days afterward.<ref>{{UT|Concerning}} p. 235</ref><br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
Nogrod is a [[Sindarin]] name; it was originally known as '''Novrod''' which means "hollow delving" aka '''Hollowbold''', like its original Khuzdul name, '''Tumunzahar'''. <br />
<br />
Novrod was altered to ''Naug''rod under the influence of the similar-sounding word ''[[Naug]]'' "dwarf".<ref name=el/> Therefore while the name '''Hollowbold''' is provided as the translation of Nogrod<ref>{{S|Index}}</ref> it is not a literal translation; the new name means rather "Dwarf dwelling".<ref>{{HM|Guide}}, entry "Nogrod"</ref><br />
<br />
The second element of Novrod/Nogrod is Sindarin ''groth/grod'' meaning "delving, underground dwelling".<ref name=el>{{S|Elements}}</ref> <br />
<br />
In ''[[The Etymologies]]'' the name is labelled as [[Noldorin]] and is said to contain the element ''[[Naug]]'' "dwarf". The second element ''-rod'' is not explained, but a note by [[Christopher Tolkien]] points to entry [[ROD]], an etymological [[root]] meaning "cave". Relevant Noldorin words include ''rhond'' "cave" and ''rhaud'' "hollow, cavernous".<ref>{{LR|Etymologies}}, entries NAUK, ROD</ref><br />
<br />
Its name in [[Khuzdul]] was ''[[Tumunzahar]]'' (meaning "Hollowbold"),<ref name="Sindar"/> and its [[Quenya]] name was ''Návarot''.<ref>{{WJ|AB}}, p. 389</ref><br />
<br />
{{references}}<br />
[[Category:Beleriand]]<br />
[[Category:Eriador]]<br />
[[Category:Cities, towns and villages]]<br />
[[Category:Dwarven realms]]<br />
<br />
[[de:Nogrod]]<br />
[[fi:Nogrod]]<br />
[[fr:encyclo/geographie/villes_tours_et_forteresses/beleriand/nogrod]]</div>108.63.142.187https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Lindon&diff=299343Lindon2018-05-17T02:13:34Z<p>108.63.142.187: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{expansion}}<br />
{{kingdom<br />
| image=[[File:Matěj Čadil - Lindon.jpg|250px]]<br />
| name=Lindon<br />
| pronun=<br />
| othernames=<br />
| location=West of the [[Blue Mountains]]<br />
| capital=[[Grey Havens]]<br />
| towns=[[Forlond]] and [[Harlond (Lindon)|Harlond]]<br />
| regions=[[Forlindon|North]] and [[Harlindon|South]]<br />
| population=[[Elves]] ([[Elves of Lindon]]), some [[Dwarves]]<br />
| language=[[Sindarin]], [[Khuzdul]], [[Westron]]<br />
| govern1=[[Gil-galad]]<br />
| govern2=[[Círdan]]<br />
| govern3=<br />
| currency=<br />
| holiday=<br />
| precededby=[[Ossiriand]]<br />
| event1=Established<br />
| event1date={{SA|1}}<br />
| event2=<br />
| event2date=<br />
| event3=<br />
| event3date=<br />
| event4=<br />
| event4date=<br />
| event5=<br />
| event5date=<br />
| followedby=<br />
}}<br />
{{quote|...the last whose realm was fair and free<br>between the Mountains and the Sea.|''[[The Fall of Gil-galad]]''}}<br />
'''Lindon''' was a region of the [[Westlands]]. Initially populated by [[Green-elves|Laiquendi]], in the following Ages it became an important Elvish realm, known for its harbors and Elven [[Ships]] that would sail for the [[Aman|West]].<br />
<br />
==Geography==<br />
Lindon was a name of [[Ossiriand]], a region west of the [[Blue Mountains]], in Eastern [[Beleriand]]. After the deluge of Beleriand in the [[War of Wrath]], Lindon became the westernmost land of the continent of [[Middle-earth]]. The [[Gulf of Lune]] broke into Lindon and the Blue Mountains and divided the realm into ''[[Forlindon]]'' (North Lindon) and ''[[Harlindon]]'' (South Lindon). The eastern border of Lindon was the [[River Lune]], beyond which was [[Arnor]].<ref name=eriador>{{App|Eriador}}</ref><br />
<br />
==History==<br />
===The First Age===<br />
{{main|Ossiriand}}<br />
The name Lindon was first used by the exiled Noldor for the region of [[Ossiriand]].<ref>{{S|14}}</ref><br />
<br />
Lindon was the only part of Beleriand that survived the [[War of Wrath]], the rest of the land having been broken or submerged by the tumults.<ref name=PMII78>{{PM|II}}, p. 78</ref> However, [[Belegaer]] the Great Sea broke through the mountain chain, creating the [[Gulf of Lhûn]].<br />
<br />
Many of the surviving [[Elves]] of drowned Beleriand, especially the exiled Noldor, relocated to Lindon by the beginning of the [[Second Age]], where they were ruled by [[Gil-galad]].<ref name=PMII78/><br />
===The Second Age: Kingdom of Gil-galad===<br />
[[File:Liz Danforth - Elves of Lindon.jpg|thumb|right|200px|[[Liz Danforth]] - ''Elves of Lindon'']]<br />
[[Gil-galad]] founded the '''''Kingdom of Lindon''''' in {{SA|1}} ruling over the Noldor and Sindar and all the [[Elves of Lindon]] alike. They also built the Havens ([[Mithlond]], and also likely [[Harlond (Lindon)|Harlond]] and [[Forlond]])<ref name=app>{{App|SA}}</ref> and many Elves left from there to [[Valinor]]. <br />
<br />
The [[Noldor]] mainly dwelt in Forlindon, and the Sindar (and surviving Green-elves{{fact}}) in Harlindon (a fief under the rule of [[Celeborn]]).<ref>{{PM|X}}, p. 328 (Note 65)</ref><ref>{{UT|6}}, (Introduction & Note 2)</ref> Presumably the surviving [[Edain]] also stayed for some time alongside the [[Elves of Lindon]], until they left for [[Elenna]] ({{SA|32}}). But there was some tension between the Elves; some of the Sindar did not wish to live under Gil-galad alongside the Noldor, and went to the [[Silvan Elves]] in the east, who were their [[Teleri]]n kin.<ref>{{UT|6b}}</ref> Some Noldor also left to found [[Eregion]] ({{SA|700}}), the second of the two Noldorin realms. <br />
<br />
In {{SA|600}} [[Entulessë]], a ship from [[Númenor]] arrived in Mithlond where Gil-galad welcomed the [[Númenóreans]], before reestablishing contact with their [[Mannish]] kin, the [[Middle Men]].<ref>{{App|B1}}, entry "600"</ref><ref>{{UT|Island}}</ref><br />
<br />
During the [[War of the Elves and Sauron]], [[Sauron]] had overrun [[Eriador]]. The Elves called that time [[Dark Years|Days of Flight]] as many fled to Lindon where Sauron could not enter, and thence over the [[Sea]] to the [[Uttermost West]].<ref>{{S|Rings}}</ref> Eventually [[Tar-Minastir]] sent ships to Lindon, responding to Gil-galad's plea. The combined army of Elves and Númenóreans drove Sauron's forces out of Eriador.<ref name=app/><br />
<br />
In the tumult following the [[Downfall of Númenor]], Lindon suffered great loss as "''the sea rode in upon the land''", and therefore had shrunk when the Third Age began.<ref>{{PM|VI}}, p. 183</ref><br />
<br />
===The Third Age: Rule of Círdan===<br />
<br />
After the War of the Last Alliance, most of the Ñoldor finally departed for [[Valinor]], and Lindon became depopulated, now ruled by Gil-galad's lieutenant, the [[Sindar]]in elf [[Círdan]] the Shipwright,{{fact}} who kept building ships for the departing Elves.<br />
<br />
During the days of Kings, most of the [[High Elves]] that still lingered in [[Middle-earth]] were found in Lindon. Some Dwarves had dwelt in the eastern side of the Ered Luin, especially the part south of the Gulf, such as the [[Halls of Thorin]]. Men did not go to Lindon. In the [[Fourth Age]], few Elves remained, if any at all.<ref name=eriador/><br />
<br />
==Names and Etymology==<br />
<br />
In a post-[[Lord of the Rings|LotR]] writing, [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] says that the name ''Lindon'' was coined by the Green-elves, derived from [[Nandorin]](?) *''Lindānā''. The Sindar called the country ''Dor Lindon'' and the Noldor ''Lindóne'' (or ''Lindónë''<ref>{{HM|IX}}</ref>) but both also adopted the name ''Lindon''.<ref name=WJC>{{WJ|C}}, p. 385</ref><br />
<br />
The name Lindon contains the element ''lin-'' "sing, song" as also seen in [[Lindar]].<ref>{{S|Appendix}}</ref> ''Lindon'' ([[Quenya|Q]], pron. {{IPA|[ˈlindon]}}) means "land of music",<ref>{{S|14}}</ref> <br />
<br />
The translation "Land of the singers", conceived to be a name in the [[Nandorin|Ossiriandic]] tongue, has been suggested by [[David Salo]], [[Arden R. Smith|Arden Smith]], [[Patrick H. Wynne|Patrick Wynne]], et al. in their linguistic contribution to ''[[Arnor: The Land]]''<br />
<br />
==Other Versions of the Legendarium==<br />
In early versions of the ''[[The Lord of the Rings Appendices]]'', Gil-galad is said to have founded Lindon in {{SA}} 10.<ref>{{PM|VI}}, pp. 168, 173</ref><br />
<br />
==Portrayals in Adaptations==<br />
<br />
''[[Middle-earth Role Playing]]'':'''<br />
:A [[Lindon (MERP)|supplement on Lindon]] was never released by [[Iron Crown Enterprises|ICE]], although there were such plans,<ref>{{ICE|8014}}, p. 15</ref> and Jeff J. Erwin and Oliver Schick were commissioned to write supplements on Lindon and Mithlond, respectively (both supplements were nearly finished at the time ICE lost their license from [[Middle-earth Enterprises|Tolkien Enterprises]]).<ref>Oliver Schick, Mailing list message of 9 Oct 2007, at [http://games.groups.yahoo.com/group/fan-modules/?v=1&t=directory&ch=web&pub=groups&sec=dir&slk=3 Yahoo groups Fan modules]</ref> However, scattered information on Lindon and its prominent individuals can be found in several supplements.<ref>{{ICE|8014}}, pp. 3-4, 10-11, 14-15</ref><ref>{{ICE|4002}}, pp. 16, 44-46</ref><ref>{{ICE|2022}}, pp. 61, 148</ref><ref>{{ICE|2023}}, pp. 68-69</ref><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
<br />
*[[Elves of Lindon]]<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
<br />
*[http://middle-earth.xenite.org/2013/09/26/why-did-the-sindar-leave-lindon/ Why Did the Sindar Leave Lindon?] by [[Michael Martinez]]<br />
<br />
{{references}}<br />
{{Remnants}}<br />
[[Category:Lindon| Lindon]]<br />
[[Category:Regions]]<br />
[[Category:Eriador]]<br />
[[Category:Quenya locations]]<br />
[[Category:Elven realms]]<br />
<br />
[[de:Lindon]]<br />
[[fi:Lindon]]<br />
[[fr:encyclo/geographie/regions/lindon]]</div>108.63.142.187https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Blue_Mountains&diff=299342Blue Mountains2018-05-17T02:11:32Z<p>108.63.142.187: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{sources}}<br />
{{location infobox<br />
| name=Blue Mountains<br />
| image=[[File:Rob Alexander - Blue Mountain Dwarf Hold.jpg|250px]] <br />
| caption="Blue Mountain Dwarf Hold" by Rob Alexander<br />
| pronun=<br />
| othernames=Ered Luin, Ered Lindon<br />
| location=Between [[Ossiriand]]/[[Lindon]] and [[Eriador]]<br />
| type=Mountain range<br />
| description=Known for being an ancient Dwarf realm, the boundary between [[Eriador]] and [[Lindon]] <br />
| regions=<br />
| towns=[[Nogrod]]<br>[[Belegost]]<br>[[Thorin's Halls]]<br>Newer halls in the Southern chain<br />
| inhabitants=[[Dwarves of the Blue Mountains]]: [[Broadbeams]], [[Firebeards]], and [[Longbeards]]<br />
| created=<br />
| destroyed=<br />
| events=<br />
}}<br />
The '''Blue Mountains''' ([[Sindarin|S.]] '''''Ered Luin'''''), also known as the '''''Ered Lindon''''', was the mountain range at the far west of [[Eriador]].<br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
== Early history ==<br />
In the early days of [[Arda]] after the fall of the [[Two Lamps]], the Blue Mountains were formed as the [[Valar]] widened the [[Belegaer|Great Sea]] and thrust [[Middle-earth]] eastward to protect [[Valinor]].<ref>{{SM|5b}}</ref> The Blue Mountains lined up with the [[Grey Mountains (ancient)|Grey Mountains of the southlands]], forming the western wall of [[Arda]]. These two ranges lay parallel to the [[Orocarni|Red Mountains]] in the northeast and [[Yellow Mountains]] in the southeast that formed the eastern wall. At their northern end, a narrow gap separated the Blue Mountains from the [[Iron Mountains]], which stretched across the entire north of Middle-earth.<ref>{{SM|a4}}</ref><br />
<br />
In the [[First Age]], the Blue Mountains were an unbroken line separating Eriador from [[Beleriand]]. Seven rivers flowed from its western side, and the land these rivers flowed through was known as [[Ossiriand]]. Later, when the [[Green-elves]] settled there, the land was called [[Lindon]], and the mountains sometimes referred to as the ''Ered Lindon''.<br />
<br />
Sometime during the [[Years of the Trees]] two [[Fathers of the Dwarves|Dwarven Fathers]] awoke under [[Dolmed|Mount Dolmed]] and founded the two westernmost houses of the [[Dwarves]] (the [[Firebeards]] and [[Broadbeams]]). They subsequently built two great city-states, [[Nogrod]] and [[Belegost]].<br />
<br />
The Blue Mountains were ruined during the [[War of Wrath]] at the end of the First Age, and in the south central end of the range the sea broke through. The [[Lhûn|River Lhûn]] now flowed through the mountains to the [[Gulf of Lune]]. On the western side a small section of Lindon remained, and here the retreating [[Elves]] built the kingdom of [[Lindon]], ruled by [[Gil-galad|Ereinion Gil-galad]], last [[High King of the Noldor]].<ref>{{S|Rings}}</ref><br />
<br />
The Dwarven cities of Nogrod and Belegost were also ruined when the mountains were broken, causing most of the Dwarves to migrate east to [[Moria|Khazad-dûm]], leaving a remnant behind. By the Third Age however, the native Dwarves seemed to have largely moved to the Southern chain.{{fact}}<br />
<br />
== Third Age ==<br />
<br />
In the Third Age the Blue Mountains apparently saw the return of many of the Firebeards and Broadbeams due to the isolation/stagnation of Khazad Dûm, and the later awakening of [[Durin's Bane]].{{fact}}<br />
<br />
In {{TA|1974}}, fleeing the fall of [[Fornost Erain]], [[Arvedui]] briefly hid in old dwarven mines in the Blue Mountains.<ref name="Eriador">{{App|Eriador}}</ref><br />
<br />
It also became the new home for many of [[Durin's Folk]] who were exiled from their halls in [[Lonely Mountain|Erebor]] by [[Smaug]] the [[Dragons|Dragon]] who had [[Sack of Erebor|driven them out]]. After the [[War of the Dwarves and Orcs]], King [[Thráin|Thráin II]] established his throne in the Northern range beyond the Little Lune river and later his son [[Thorin]] ruled after he went missing. During Thorin's reign many of the wandering Longbeards joined him in [[Thorin's Halls|his halls]] and they became prosperous in a fashion. However, Erebor was retaken from Smaug by Thorin and company in {{TA|2941}}, and it can be assumed most if not all of Durin's folk relocated there.{{Pronounce|Ered Luin.mp3|Ardamir}}<br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
''Ered Luin'' is a [[Sindarin]] name, consisting of ''[[ered]]'' ("mountains") and ''[[luin]]'' ("blue").<ref>{{PE|17}}, p. 66</ref> Other names were '''Ered Lindon''' "Mountains of Lindon" and the [[Westron]] name '''Mountains of Lune'''.<br />
<br />
The ''[[Etymologies]]'' show a [[Noldorin]] alternative name, '''Lhúndirien'''.<ref>{{LR|Etymologies}}, p. 370</ref><br />
<br />
In [[Ælfwine]]'s [[Old English]] translations, the Blue Mountains are named ''Hǽwengebeorg''.<ref>{{HM|SM}}, p. 341</ref><br />
<br />
==Portrayal in adaptations==<br />
<br />
'''2006: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth II]]'':'''<br />
:The Blue Mountains form the location of a fight between Dwarves and [[Drogoth]].<br />
<br />
'''2007: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''<br />
:The Blue Mountains appear as the game's westernmost region, Ered Luin. Ered Luin is the beginner's region for the game's races, Elves and Dwarves. The region's storyline is based around a conflict with a rogue clan of Dwarves called the Dourhands and a tribe of Goblins living in the winding valleys of a region called Rath Teraig. Ered Luin is home to the cities of Thorin's Hall and Duillond, but also contain smaller outposts such as Gondamon and Celondim. Ered Luin is also home to the hostile Dourhand cities of Kheledul and the excavation of a long-lost city named Sarnur.<br />
<br />
'''2011: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]]'':'''<br />
:Although the Blue Mountains do not appear in the game, they are mentioned by the Dwarf [[Grof]]. He tells the player that the Blue Mountains are prosperous, but that they lately find more iron than gold.<ref>[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]], ''Prologue''</ref><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[:Category:Images of the Blue Mountains|Images of the Blue Mountains]]<br />
{{references}}<br />
[[Category:Beleriand]]<br />
[[Category:Eriador]]<br />
[[Category:Lindon]]<br />
[[Category:Mountain ranges]]<br />
[[Category:Dwarven realms]]<br />
<br />
[[de:Ered Luin]]<br />
[[fi:Sinivuoret]]<br />
[[fr:encyclo/geographie/reliefs/montagnes_bleues]]</div>108.63.142.187https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Blue_Mountains&diff=299341Blue Mountains2018-05-17T02:11:05Z<p>108.63.142.187: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{sources}}<br />
{{location infobox<br />
| name=Blue Mountains<br />
| image=[[File:Rob Alexander - Blue Mountain Dwarf Hold.jpg|250px]] <br />
| caption="Blue Mountain Dwarf Hold" by Rob Alexander<br />
| pronun=<br />
| othernames=Ered Luin, Ered Lindon<br />
| location=Between [[Ossiriand]]/[[Lindon]] and [[Eriador]]<br />
| type=Mountain range<br />
| description=Known for being an ancient [[Dwarf realm]], the boundary between [[Eriador]] and [[Lindon]] <br />
| regions=<br />
| towns=[[Nogrod]]<br>[[Belegost]]<br>[[Thorin's Halls]]<br>Newer halls in the Southern chain<br />
| inhabitants=[[Dwarves of the Blue Mountains]]: [[Broadbeams]], [[Firebeards]], and [[Longbeards]]<br />
| created=<br />
| destroyed=<br />
| events=<br />
}}<br />
The '''Blue Mountains''' ([[Sindarin|S.]] '''''Ered Luin'''''), also known as the '''''Ered Lindon''''', was the mountain range at the far west of [[Eriador]].<br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
== Early history ==<br />
In the early days of [[Arda]] after the fall of the [[Two Lamps]], the Blue Mountains were formed as the [[Valar]] widened the [[Belegaer|Great Sea]] and thrust [[Middle-earth]] eastward to protect [[Valinor]].<ref>{{SM|5b}}</ref> The Blue Mountains lined up with the [[Grey Mountains (ancient)|Grey Mountains of the southlands]], forming the western wall of [[Arda]]. These two ranges lay parallel to the [[Orocarni|Red Mountains]] in the northeast and [[Yellow Mountains]] in the southeast that formed the eastern wall. At their northern end, a narrow gap separated the Blue Mountains from the [[Iron Mountains]], which stretched across the entire north of Middle-earth.<ref>{{SM|a4}}</ref><br />
<br />
In the [[First Age]], the Blue Mountains were an unbroken line separating Eriador from [[Beleriand]]. Seven rivers flowed from its western side, and the land these rivers flowed through was known as [[Ossiriand]]. Later, when the [[Green-elves]] settled there, the land was called [[Lindon]], and the mountains sometimes referred to as the ''Ered Lindon''.<br />
<br />
Sometime during the [[Years of the Trees]] two [[Fathers of the Dwarves|Dwarven Fathers]] awoke under [[Dolmed|Mount Dolmed]] and founded the two westernmost houses of the [[Dwarves]] (the [[Firebeards]] and [[Broadbeams]]). They subsequently built two great city-states, [[Nogrod]] and [[Belegost]].<br />
<br />
The Blue Mountains were ruined during the [[War of Wrath]] at the end of the First Age, and in the south central end of the range the sea broke through. The [[Lhûn|River Lhûn]] now flowed through the mountains to the [[Gulf of Lune]]. On the western side a small section of Lindon remained, and here the retreating [[Elves]] built the kingdom of [[Lindon]], ruled by [[Gil-galad|Ereinion Gil-galad]], last [[High King of the Noldor]].<ref>{{S|Rings}}</ref><br />
<br />
The Dwarven cities of Nogrod and Belegost were also ruined when the mountains were broken, causing most of the Dwarves to migrate east to [[Moria|Khazad-dûm]], leaving a remnant behind. By the Third Age however, the native Dwarves seemed to have largely moved to the Southern chain.{{fact}}<br />
<br />
== Third Age ==<br />
<br />
In the Third Age the Blue Mountains apparently saw the return of many of the Firebeards and Broadbeams due to the isolation/stagnation of Khazad Dûm, and the later awakening of [[Durin's Bane]].{{fact}}<br />
<br />
In {{TA|1974}}, fleeing the fall of [[Fornost Erain]], [[Arvedui]] briefly hid in old dwarven mines in the Blue Mountains.<ref name="Eriador">{{App|Eriador}}</ref><br />
<br />
It also became the new home for many of [[Durin's Folk]] who were exiled from their halls in [[Lonely Mountain|Erebor]] by [[Smaug]] the [[Dragons|Dragon]] who had [[Sack of Erebor|driven them out]]. After the [[War of the Dwarves and Orcs]], King [[Thráin|Thráin II]] established his throne in the Northern range beyond the Little Lune river and later his son [[Thorin]] ruled after he went missing. During Thorin's reign many of the wandering Longbeards joined him in [[Thorin's Halls|his halls]] and they became prosperous in a fashion. However, Erebor was retaken from Smaug by Thorin and company in {{TA|2941}}, and it can be assumed most if not all of Durin's folk relocated there.{{Pronounce|Ered Luin.mp3|Ardamir}}<br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
''Ered Luin'' is a [[Sindarin]] name, consisting of ''[[ered]]'' ("mountains") and ''[[luin]]'' ("blue").<ref>{{PE|17}}, p. 66</ref> Other names were '''Ered Lindon''' "Mountains of Lindon" and the [[Westron]] name '''Mountains of Lune'''.<br />
<br />
The ''[[Etymologies]]'' show a [[Noldorin]] alternative name, '''Lhúndirien'''.<ref>{{LR|Etymologies}}, p. 370</ref><br />
<br />
In [[Ælfwine]]'s [[Old English]] translations, the Blue Mountains are named ''Hǽwengebeorg''.<ref>{{HM|SM}}, p. 341</ref><br />
<br />
==Portrayal in adaptations==<br />
<br />
'''2006: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth II]]'':'''<br />
:The Blue Mountains form the location of a fight between Dwarves and [[Drogoth]].<br />
<br />
'''2007: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''<br />
:The Blue Mountains appear as the game's westernmost region, Ered Luin. Ered Luin is the beginner's region for the game's races, Elves and Dwarves. The region's storyline is based around a conflict with a rogue clan of Dwarves called the Dourhands and a tribe of Goblins living in the winding valleys of a region called Rath Teraig. Ered Luin is home to the cities of Thorin's Hall and Duillond, but also contain smaller outposts such as Gondamon and Celondim. Ered Luin is also home to the hostile Dourhand cities of Kheledul and the excavation of a long-lost city named Sarnur.<br />
<br />
'''2011: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]]'':'''<br />
:Although the Blue Mountains do not appear in the game, they are mentioned by the Dwarf [[Grof]]. He tells the player that the Blue Mountains are prosperous, but that they lately find more iron than gold.<ref>[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]], ''Prologue''</ref><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[:Category:Images of the Blue Mountains|Images of the Blue Mountains]]<br />
{{references}}<br />
[[Category:Beleriand]]<br />
[[Category:Eriador]]<br />
[[Category:Lindon]]<br />
[[Category:Mountain ranges]]<br />
[[Category:Dwarven realms]]<br />
<br />
[[de:Ered Luin]]<br />
[[fi:Sinivuoret]]<br />
[[fr:encyclo/geographie/reliefs/montagnes_bleues]]</div>108.63.142.187https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Ithilien&diff=299340Ithilien2018-05-17T02:08:22Z<p>108.63.142.187: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{cleanup}}<br />
{{kingdom<br />
| image=[[File:Mark Fisher - Ithilien.png|250px]]<br />
| name=Ithilien<br />
| pronun=<br />
| othernames=<br />
| location=Between [[Anduin]] and [[Ephel Dúath]]<br />
| capital=[[Minas Morgul|Minas Ithil]] (before {{TA|2002}})<br/>[[Emyn Arnen]] ([[Fourth Age]])<br />
| towns=[[Henneth Annûn]]<br />
| regions=[[North Ithilien|North]] and [[South Ithilien|South]]<br />
| population=[[Númenóreans]], [[Dúnedain]], [[Gondorians]], [[Rangers of Ithilien]], [[Elves of Mirkwood|Elves from Mirkwood]]<br />
| language=[[Westron]], [[Gondor Sindarin]], [[Sindarin]]<br />
| govern1=[[King of Gondor]], later Kings of the [[Reunited Kingdom]]<br />
| govern2=[[Stewards of Gondor]]<br />
| govern3=[[Prince of Ithilien]]/[[Lord of Emyn Arnen]]<br />
| currency=<br />
| holiday=<br />
| precededby=<br />
| event1=Founded<br />
| event1date={{SA|3320}}<br />
| event2=Deserted<br />
| event2date={{TA|2901}}<br />
| event3=Reclaimed<br />
| event3date={{TA|3019}}<br />
| event4=<br />
| event4date=<br />
| event5=<br />
| event5date=<br />
| followedby=<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Ithilien''' ([[Sindarin|S]], pron. {{IPA|[iˈθiljen]}}) was a region and fiefdom of [[Gondor]]. <br />
<br />
==History==<br />
Historians in [[Gondor]] believed that, in the [[First Age]], the [[Drúedain|Woses]] reached the region and were the first to cross the [[Anduin]] (probably near [[Cair Andros]]).<ref>{{UT|Druedain}}</ref><br />
<br />
Old records preserved in [[Gondor]] indicate that the name ''[[Arnen]]'' was once used for the larger part of the region during the [[Second Age]].<ref>{{VT|42a}}, p. 17</ref><br />
[[File:Matěj Čadil - Minas Ithil.jpg|thumb|left|Matěj Čadil - ''Minas Ithil'']]<br />
When [[Elendil]] and his sons founded the [[Realms in Exile]], Ithilien took its name after his son, [[Isildur]]. Of old its chief city was ''Minas Ithil'', the Tower of the Moon. It was briefly captured by [[Sauron]] in {{SA|3429}} but was restored. Ithilien was a fair and prosperous land during the [[Second Age]] and the first part of the [[Third Age]], when Gondor was strong and Mordor deserted. <br />
<br />
In {{TA|541}} [[Easterlings]] invaded northern Ithilien and King [[Rómendacil I]] was killed .<ref name="TA"/><br />
[[File:Alan Lee - Cirith Ungol.jpg|left|thumb|"Cirith Ungol" by [[Alan Lee]]]]<br />
[[Amon Dîn]] was used as a fortified outpost of Minas Tirith keeping watch over the passage into North Ithilien from [[Dagorlad]] and any attempt by enemies to cross the [[Anduin]] near [[Cair Andros]].<ref name="Cirion">{{UT|Cirion}}</ref><ref>{{HM|RC}}, p. 510</ref> The [[Tower of Cirith Ungol]] was also defending Ithilien from attacks from Sauron's remaining servants and stopped them from returning to Mordor, guarding the high pass over the [[Ephel Dúath]]. Gondor occupied the fortress until {{TA|1636}} when the [[Great Plague]] killed large parts of the population. During the plague most of the people of [[Osgiliath]] fled the city for the western dales or the woods of Ithilien.<br />
<br />
After the disastrous [[Battle of the Plains]] in {{TA|1856}}, Ithilien was the only land east of the river Anduin to be occupied as the others were abandoned.<br />
<br />
In {{TA|1899}}, Marhwini warned [[Calimehtar (King of Gondor)|King Calimehtar]] that the [[Wainriders]] were plotting to raid [[Calenardhon]] over the [[Undeeps]]. Calimehtar therefore provoked the Wainriders out of Ithilien, and his horsemen, joined by a large [[éored]] led by [[Marhwini]], drove the Wainriders back.<ref name="Cirion"/><br />
<br />
In {{TA|1944}}, [[Wainriders]] from [[Rhûn]] made an alliance with the [[Haradrim]], and a dual attack on Ithilien was launched. While the Wainriders assaulted Ithilien from the north, the armies of the Haradrim crossed the [[Poros]] and invaded [[South Ithilien]]. The Gondorian [[Captain of the Southern Army|Captain]] [[Earnil II|Eärnil]] leading Gondor's inferior [[Southern Army]], defeated the Haradrim, and then turned north, [[Battle of the Camp|took]] the Wainriders into surprise and pushed many of them into the swamplands of the [[Dead Marshes]]. <br />
<br />
When Minas Ithil was captured by Mordor in {{TA|2002}} it was renamed [[Minas Morgul]], the Tower of Black Sorcery. During the [[Watchful Peace]] the lords of Morgul had secretly bred the [[Uruk-hai]], and in {{TA|2475}} these creatures assailed and overran Ithilien, captured [[Osgiliath]] and destroyed the great stone-bridge.<br />
===Deserting===<br />
[[Boromir (Steward of Gondor)|Boromir]] defeated the host of Morgul and regained Ithilien. However, from that time on no people dwelt in that region, and for Gondor there was never full peace again until after the defeat of Sauron.<ref>{{App|Stewards}}</ref><br />
<br />
In {{TA|2885}}, Ithilien was invaded in great strength, King [[Folcwine]] of [[Rohan]] fulfilled the [[Oath of Eorl]] and sent many men to Gondor. With their aid Steward [[Túrin II]] won a victory at the crossings of [[Poros]], though the princes [[Fastred (son of Folcwine)|Fastred]] and [[Folcred]] were slain.<ref name=TA>{{App|TA}}</ref><br />
[[File:Ted Nasmith - Henneth Annûn.jpg|thumb|[[Ted Nasmith]] - ''Henneth Annun'']]<br />
The majority of the people of Ithilien fled across the [[Anduin]] to escape war ({{TA|2901}})<ref name=TA/>, but the [[Stewards of Gondor]] still kept scouts there, operating out of secret locations such as [[Henneth Annûn]]. Those who stayed fled to regions such as [[Lossarnach]] when [[Mount Doom]] erupted in {{TA|2954}}. [[Steward]] [[Ecthelion II]] constructed the [[Rammas Echor]] as part of the now necessary defenses of [[Gondor]].<ref>{{HM|RC}}, p. 546</ref><br />
[[File:Angus McBride - Ambush.jpg|thumb|left|[[Angus McBride]] - ''Ambush'']]<br />
The descendants of the people who had dwelt in Ithilien, formed the corps of the [[Rangers of Ithilien]].<br />
<br />
===War of the Ring and later===<br />
<br />
During the [[War of the Ring]], in early March {{TA|3019}}, [[Faramir]] the son of the Steward [[Denethor]], was leading the [[Rangers of Ithilien]] to ambush Haradrim who would pass through Ithilien. That same time, [[Gollum]] led [[Frodo Baggins]] and [[Samwise Gamgee]] through Ithilien on their way to [[Cirith Ungol]] and into Mordor, and Faramir allowed them to continue when he was satisfied they were not agents of [[Sauron]].<br />
[[File:Alan Lee - Oliphaunt.jpg|thumb|"Oliphaunt" by [[Alan Lee]]]]<br />
When the [[Host of the West]] marched on the [[Morannon]], [[Mablung (ranger of Ithilien)|Mablung]] and his troops discovered an ambush by Orcs and Easterlings that lay hid in Ithilien. The ambush was quickly turned.<ref>{{RK|V10}}</ref><br />
<br />
During the [[Fourth Age]], Ithilien was ruled by the [[Prince of Ithilien|Princes of Ithilien]], a line that started with Faramir and [[Éowyn]], who became known as the White Lady of Ithilien. Minas Morgul was not repopulated, and Faramir had his throne in [[Emyn Arnen]]. After the fall of Sauron, [[Legolas]] brought elves from [[Mirkwood|Greenwood]], and they dwelt in Ithilien, and once again it became the fairest country in all the westlands.<ref>{{App|Durin}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Geography==<br />
[[Image:Ted_Nasmith_-_First_Sight_of_Ithilien.jpg|left|thumb|[[Ted Nasmith]] - ''First Sight of Ithilien'']]<br />
Ithilien was the only part of Gondor on the eastern side of the [[Anduin]], wedged in between the river and the [[Ephel Dúath]]. The northern border must have been around the [[Dead Marshes]] and its southern border was the river [[Poros]]. The region was further divided into [[North Ithilien|North]] and [[South Ithilien]] (the division was made at or near the [[Cross-roads]]).<br />
<br />
[[Iris]]es, [[Anemones]], [[Eglantine]], [[lilies]], [[water-lilies]] and [[Asphodel]] grew in Ithilien<ref>{{TT|Herbs}}</ref>. [[Lebethron]]<ref>{{TT|Journey}}</ref> and [[Culumalda]] grew especially in the woods around the [[Field of Cormallen]].<ref name=RC>{{HM|RC}}, pp. 625-6 (citing from the [[Unfinished index]])</ref><ref name=SApp>{{S|Appendix}} (entry for ''mal-'')</ref><br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
{{Pronounce|Ithilien.mp3|Ardamir}}<br />
''Ithilien'' is a [[Sindarin]] name meaning "land of the moon".<ref>{{HM|UI}}, p. 233</ref> It has been suggested that the name consists of the elements ''[[Moon#Other names|Ithil]]'' ("moon") + the affix ''[[-nd|end]]''.<ref>[http://www.tolkiendil.com/langues/english/i-lam_arth/compound_sindarin_names Compound Sindarin Names in Middle-earth] at [http://www.tolkiendil.com Tolkiendil.com] (accessed 20 July 2011)</ref><br />
<br />
{{references}}<br />
{{FellowshipRoute}}<br />
[[Category:Regions]]<br />
[[Category:Gondor]]<br />
[[Category:Sindarin locations]]<br />
<br />
[[fr:encyclo/geographie/regions/gondor/ithilien]]</div>108.63.142.187https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Ithilien&diff=299339Ithilien2018-05-17T02:07:57Z<p>108.63.142.187: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{cleanup}}<br />
{{kingdom<br />
| image=[[File:Mark Fisher - Ithilien.png|250px]]<br />
| name=Ithilien<br />
| pronun=<br />
| othernames=<br />
| location=Between [[Anduin]] and [[Ephel Dúath]]<br />
| capital=[[Minas Morgul|Minas Ithil]] (before {{TA|2002}})<br/>[[Emyn Arnen]] ([[Fourth Age]])<br />
| towns=[[Henneth Annûn]]<br />
| regions=[[North Ithilien|North]] and [[South Ithilien|South]]<br />
| population=[[Númenóreans]], [[Dúnedain]], [[Gondorians]], [[Rangers of Ithilien]], [[Elves of Mirkwood|Elves from Mirkwood]]<br />
| language=[[Westron]], [[Gondor Sindarin]], [[Sindarin]]<br />
| govern1=[[King of Gondor]], later Kings of the [[Reunited Kingdom]]<br />
| govern2=[[Stewards of Gondor]]<br />
| govern3=[[Prince of Ithilien]]/[[Lords of Emyn Arnen]]<br />
| currency=<br />
| holiday=<br />
| precededby=<br />
| event1=Founded<br />
| event1date={{SA|3320}}<br />
| event2=Deserted<br />
| event2date={{TA|2901}}<br />
| event3=Reclaimed<br />
| event3date={{TA|3019}}<br />
| event4=<br />
| event4date=<br />
| event5=<br />
| event5date=<br />
| followedby=<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Ithilien''' ([[Sindarin|S]], pron. {{IPA|[iˈθiljen]}}) was a region and fiefdom of [[Gondor]]. <br />
<br />
==History==<br />
Historians in [[Gondor]] believed that, in the [[First Age]], the [[Drúedain|Woses]] reached the region and were the first to cross the [[Anduin]] (probably near [[Cair Andros]]).<ref>{{UT|Druedain}}</ref><br />
<br />
Old records preserved in [[Gondor]] indicate that the name ''[[Arnen]]'' was once used for the larger part of the region during the [[Second Age]].<ref>{{VT|42a}}, p. 17</ref><br />
[[File:Matěj Čadil - Minas Ithil.jpg|thumb|left|Matěj Čadil - ''Minas Ithil'']]<br />
When [[Elendil]] and his sons founded the [[Realms in Exile]], Ithilien took its name after his son, [[Isildur]]. Of old its chief city was ''Minas Ithil'', the Tower of the Moon. It was briefly captured by [[Sauron]] in {{SA|3429}} but was restored. Ithilien was a fair and prosperous land during the [[Second Age]] and the first part of the [[Third Age]], when Gondor was strong and Mordor deserted. <br />
<br />
In {{TA|541}} [[Easterlings]] invaded northern Ithilien and King [[Rómendacil I]] was killed .<ref name="TA"/><br />
[[File:Alan Lee - Cirith Ungol.jpg|left|thumb|"Cirith Ungol" by [[Alan Lee]]]]<br />
[[Amon Dîn]] was used as a fortified outpost of Minas Tirith keeping watch over the passage into North Ithilien from [[Dagorlad]] and any attempt by enemies to cross the [[Anduin]] near [[Cair Andros]].<ref name="Cirion">{{UT|Cirion}}</ref><ref>{{HM|RC}}, p. 510</ref> The [[Tower of Cirith Ungol]] was also defending Ithilien from attacks from Sauron's remaining servants and stopped them from returning to Mordor, guarding the high pass over the [[Ephel Dúath]]. Gondor occupied the fortress until {{TA|1636}} when the [[Great Plague]] killed large parts of the population. During the plague most of the people of [[Osgiliath]] fled the city for the western dales or the woods of Ithilien.<br />
<br />
After the disastrous [[Battle of the Plains]] in {{TA|1856}}, Ithilien was the only land east of the river Anduin to be occupied as the others were abandoned.<br />
<br />
In {{TA|1899}}, Marhwini warned [[Calimehtar (King of Gondor)|King Calimehtar]] that the [[Wainriders]] were plotting to raid [[Calenardhon]] over the [[Undeeps]]. Calimehtar therefore provoked the Wainriders out of Ithilien, and his horsemen, joined by a large [[éored]] led by [[Marhwini]], drove the Wainriders back.<ref name="Cirion"/><br />
<br />
In {{TA|1944}}, [[Wainriders]] from [[Rhûn]] made an alliance with the [[Haradrim]], and a dual attack on Ithilien was launched. While the Wainriders assaulted Ithilien from the north, the armies of the Haradrim crossed the [[Poros]] and invaded [[South Ithilien]]. The Gondorian [[Captain of the Southern Army|Captain]] [[Earnil II|Eärnil]] leading Gondor's inferior [[Southern Army]], defeated the Haradrim, and then turned north, [[Battle of the Camp|took]] the Wainriders into surprise and pushed many of them into the swamplands of the [[Dead Marshes]]. <br />
<br />
When Minas Ithil was captured by Mordor in {{TA|2002}} it was renamed [[Minas Morgul]], the Tower of Black Sorcery. During the [[Watchful Peace]] the lords of Morgul had secretly bred the [[Uruk-hai]], and in {{TA|2475}} these creatures assailed and overran Ithilien, captured [[Osgiliath]] and destroyed the great stone-bridge.<br />
===Deserting===<br />
[[Boromir (Steward of Gondor)|Boromir]] defeated the host of Morgul and regained Ithilien. However, from that time on no people dwelt in that region, and for Gondor there was never full peace again until after the defeat of Sauron.<ref>{{App|Stewards}}</ref><br />
<br />
In {{TA|2885}}, Ithilien was invaded in great strength, King [[Folcwine]] of [[Rohan]] fulfilled the [[Oath of Eorl]] and sent many men to Gondor. With their aid Steward [[Túrin II]] won a victory at the crossings of [[Poros]], though the princes [[Fastred (son of Folcwine)|Fastred]] and [[Folcred]] were slain.<ref name=TA>{{App|TA}}</ref><br />
[[File:Ted Nasmith - Henneth Annûn.jpg|thumb|[[Ted Nasmith]] - ''Henneth Annun'']]<br />
The majority of the people of Ithilien fled across the [[Anduin]] to escape war ({{TA|2901}})<ref name=TA/>, but the [[Stewards of Gondor]] still kept scouts there, operating out of secret locations such as [[Henneth Annûn]]. Those who stayed fled to regions such as [[Lossarnach]] when [[Mount Doom]] erupted in {{TA|2954}}. [[Steward]] [[Ecthelion II]] constructed the [[Rammas Echor]] as part of the now necessary defenses of [[Gondor]].<ref>{{HM|RC}}, p. 546</ref><br />
[[File:Angus McBride - Ambush.jpg|thumb|left|[[Angus McBride]] - ''Ambush'']]<br />
The descendants of the people who had dwelt in Ithilien, formed the corps of the [[Rangers of Ithilien]].<br />
<br />
===War of the Ring and later===<br />
<br />
During the [[War of the Ring]], in early March {{TA|3019}}, [[Faramir]] the son of the Steward [[Denethor]], was leading the [[Rangers of Ithilien]] to ambush Haradrim who would pass through Ithilien. That same time, [[Gollum]] led [[Frodo Baggins]] and [[Samwise Gamgee]] through Ithilien on their way to [[Cirith Ungol]] and into Mordor, and Faramir allowed them to continue when he was satisfied they were not agents of [[Sauron]].<br />
[[File:Alan Lee - Oliphaunt.jpg|thumb|"Oliphaunt" by [[Alan Lee]]]]<br />
When the [[Host of the West]] marched on the [[Morannon]], [[Mablung (ranger of Ithilien)|Mablung]] and his troops discovered an ambush by Orcs and Easterlings that lay hid in Ithilien. The ambush was quickly turned.<ref>{{RK|V10}}</ref><br />
<br />
During the [[Fourth Age]], Ithilien was ruled by the [[Prince of Ithilien|Princes of Ithilien]], a line that started with Faramir and [[Éowyn]], who became known as the White Lady of Ithilien. Minas Morgul was not repopulated, and Faramir had his throne in [[Emyn Arnen]]. After the fall of Sauron, [[Legolas]] brought elves from [[Mirkwood|Greenwood]], and they dwelt in Ithilien, and once again it became the fairest country in all the westlands.<ref>{{App|Durin}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Geography==<br />
[[Image:Ted_Nasmith_-_First_Sight_of_Ithilien.jpg|left|thumb|[[Ted Nasmith]] - ''First Sight of Ithilien'']]<br />
Ithilien was the only part of Gondor on the eastern side of the [[Anduin]], wedged in between the river and the [[Ephel Dúath]]. The northern border must have been around the [[Dead Marshes]] and its southern border was the river [[Poros]]. The region was further divided into [[North Ithilien|North]] and [[South Ithilien]] (the division was made at or near the [[Cross-roads]]).<br />
<br />
[[Iris]]es, [[Anemones]], [[Eglantine]], [[lilies]], [[water-lilies]] and [[Asphodel]] grew in Ithilien<ref>{{TT|Herbs}}</ref>. [[Lebethron]]<ref>{{TT|Journey}}</ref> and [[Culumalda]] grew especially in the woods around the [[Field of Cormallen]].<ref name=RC>{{HM|RC}}, pp. 625-6 (citing from the [[Unfinished index]])</ref><ref name=SApp>{{S|Appendix}} (entry for ''mal-'')</ref><br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
{{Pronounce|Ithilien.mp3|Ardamir}}<br />
''Ithilien'' is a [[Sindarin]] name meaning "land of the moon".<ref>{{HM|UI}}, p. 233</ref> It has been suggested that the name consists of the elements ''[[Moon#Other names|Ithil]]'' ("moon") + the affix ''[[-nd|end]]''.<ref>[http://www.tolkiendil.com/langues/english/i-lam_arth/compound_sindarin_names Compound Sindarin Names in Middle-earth] at [http://www.tolkiendil.com Tolkiendil.com] (accessed 20 July 2011)</ref><br />
<br />
{{references}}<br />
{{FellowshipRoute}}<br />
[[Category:Regions]]<br />
[[Category:Gondor]]<br />
[[Category:Sindarin locations]]<br />
<br />
[[fr:encyclo/geographie/regions/gondor/ithilien]]</div>108.63.142.187https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Rh%C3%BBn&diff=299338Rhûn2018-05-17T02:04:17Z<p>108.63.142.187: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{footnotes}}<br />
{{location infobox<br />
| name=Rhûn<br />
| image=[[File:The Lord of the Rings (film series) - Rhun map.jpg|250px]]<br />
| caption=Rhûn from a map used for [[The Lord of the Rings (film series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' film series]]<br />
| pronun=The East<br />
| othernames=<br />
| location=Eastern Lands of [[Middle-earth]], east of [[Mordor]] and [[Rhovanion]]<br />
| type=Region<br />
| description=<br />
| regions=[[Dorwinion]]<br />
| towns=<br />
| inhabitants=[[Easterlings]], [[Dwarves]], [[Avari]]<br />
| created=<br />
| destroyed=<br />
| events=<br />
}}<br />
'''Rhûn''' refers to the little-known lands in eastern [[Middle-earth]]. Almost nothing of the lands beyond the great [[Sea of Rhûn]] is known (see [[Uttermost East]]).<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
<br />
The first Elves awoke far east of the Sea of Rhûn, and many of them were led to the [[Westlands]] by [[Oromë]]. Some Elves forsook this [[Great Journey]] and chose to remain in the east; they were called the [[Avari]].<br />
<br />
The first Men also awoke in the far east, where they first met [[Dwarves]]<ref>{{WJ|Dwarves}}</ref> and Avari. The ancestors of the [[Edain]] and [[Drúedain]] traveled west out of Rhûn. At the shores of the Sea of Rhûn, some of the Mannish tribes traveling west separated and their languages soon diverged.<ref>{{PM|Ros}}</ref> Other men remained in Rhûn, and many of them came under the dominion of [[Morgoth]] and, later, [[Sauron]]. These men were called [[Easterlings]], and they led many attacks against [[Gondor]] and its allies during the [[Third Age]].<br />
<br />
The most western parts of Rhûn were conquered by Gondor twice, under the Kings [[Rómendacil I]] and [[Rómendacil II]], but the Númenóreans never had full control over it. Western Rhûn was finally subdued in the [[Fourth Age]] under [[Aragorn|King Elessar]] and his son [[Eldarion]].<br />
<br />
==Geography==<br />
[[File:Stefano Baldo - Rhûn.jpg|thumb|left|''Rhûn'' by Stefano Baldo]]<br />
The western part of Rhûn was given in maps of the [[Westlands]] of Middle-earth. It contained the great [[Sea of Rhûn]], connected the [[River Running]] in the northwest. A forest lay to the north-east of the Sea, and near the south-western shores there were many hills. South-west of the Sea of Rhûn lay also the land of [[Dorwinion]].<br />
<br />
The inland [[Sea of Rhûn]] was located in western Rhûn on the border between Rhûn and [[Rhovanion|Wilderland]]. There were mountains on the southwest side of the Sea of Rhûn and a forest on the north-east side. Wild white [[Kine of Araw]], or oxen, lived near the shores of the Sea of Rhûn.<br />
<br />
Further east in Rhûn were ancient regions where the [[Children of Ilúvatar]] first awoke: [[Cuiviénen]] for the Elves, which lay on the shores of [[Sea of Helcar]] near the [[Orocarni]] (Red Mountains); and [[Hildórien]] for Men. Four [[Dwarves|Dwarven]] clans were also located in Rhûn ([[Orocarni]]); their mansions were at least as far east from [[Mount Gundabad]] in the [[Misty Mountains]] as Mount Gundabad lay east of the [[Blue Mountains]]. Additionally, Sauron maintained a fortress in Rhûn in the Third Age.<br />
<br />
===The Dwarves of Rhûn===<br />
<br />
[[Dwarves]] emerged in Middle-earth in the [[First Age]]: after Elves but before Men. When the seven [[Fathers of the Dwarves]] awoke in far-flung corners of Middle-earth, some of them found themselves in Rhûn, and there they founded kingdoms under the mountains of [[Orocarni]]. In the [[Third Age]], Dwarves of those kingdoms journeyed out of Rhûn to join all Middle-earth's other Dwarf clans in the [[War of the Dwarves and Orcs]], which was fought in and under the [[Misty Mountains]]. After this war, the survivors returned home. Late in the Third Age, when war and terror grew in Rhûn itself, considerable numbers of its Dwarves left their ancient homelands. They sought refuge in Middle-earth's western lands, where some of them met [[Frodo Baggins]].<ref>{{FR|Shadow}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
The word '''''rhûn''''' means "east" in [[Sindarin]]. Compare [[Quenya]] ''[[rómen]]''.<ref>{{App|E2i}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Other of the legendarium==<br />
<br />
In an addition by [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]] (dating from [[1948]] or later) inscribed on his ''[[General Map of Middle-earth]]'', an arrow is drawn from the [[River Running]] with the direction to the end of the map, and carries the note: "To Sea of Rûnaer". [[Wayne G. Hammond|Hammond]] and [[Christina Scull|Scull]] suggest that '''''Rûnaer''''' is likely an alternative name of ''Rhûn''.<ref>{{HM|AoL}}, p. 199</ref><br />
<br />
==Inspiration==<br />
Rhûn and the easternmost lands of Middle-earth seem to be based primarily on the lands of [[Wikipedia:South Asia|southern]], [[Wikipedia:Central Asia|central]], and [[Wikipedia:East Asia|eastern Asia]].<br />
<br />
In the earliest drafts of ''[[The Hobbit]]'', Bilbo offered to walk from the [[The Shire|Shire]] "to ''[cancelled: [[Wikipedia:Hindu Kush|Hindu Kush]]]'' the [[Wikipedia:Gobi Desert|Great Desert of Gobi]] and fight the Wild Wire worm(s) of the [[Wikipedia:China|Chinese]]."<ref>{{HH|Pryftan}}, p. 9</ref> In a slightly later version [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] altered this to say "to the last desert in the East and fight the Wild Wireworms of the Chinese",<ref>{{HH|Bladorthin}}, p. 40</ref> and in the final version it was altered once more to say "to the East of East and fight the wild [[Were-worms]] in the [[Last Desert]]."<ref>{{H|Party}}</ref><br />
<br />
The Wainriders, as well as the Balchoth, were known for traveling in great camps of wagons which they fortified.<ref>{{App|Gondor}}</ref> Given the eastern origins of the group, this bears many similarities to the [[Wikipedia:Orda (organization)|orda]] military structure employed by the [[Wikipedia:Turkic peoples|Turkic]] and [[Wikipedia:Mongols|Mongol]] peoples.{{fact}}<br />
<br />
{{references}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Rhun}}<br />
[[Category:Eastern lands]]<br />
[[Category:Sindarin locations]]<br />
[[Category:Sindarin nouns]]<br />
[[de:Rhûn]]<br />
[[fi:Rhûn]]<br />
[[fr:encyclo/geographie/regions/rhun]]</div>108.63.142.187https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Smaug&diff=299337Smaug2018-05-17T02:01:45Z<p>108.63.142.187: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Dragon infobox<br />
| image=[[File:J.R.R. Tolkien - Conversation with Smaug (large).jpg|250px]]<br />
| name=Smaug<br />
| othernames=Smaug the Golden<br/>Lord Smaug the Impenetrable<br/>[[Trāgu]]<br/>(''[[#Other names and titles|see below]]'')<br />
| realm=[[Lonely Mountain|Erebor]]<ref name="AppA3"/><br />
| hoard=Treasure of [[Thrór]], including the [[Arkenstone]]<ref name="AppA3"/><br />
| birth=Presumably bred in [[Angband]] in the late [[First Age]]<ref name="AppB2">{{App|B2}}</ref><br />
| death={{TA|2941}}<ref name="AppB2"/><br />
| deathlocation=[[Lake-town]]<ref name="H14">{{H|14}}</ref><br />
| slayer=[[Bard|Bard the Bowman]]<ref name="H14"/><br />
| type=''[[Urulókë]]; fire-drake''<ref name="Index">{{S|Index}}, entry ''Urulóki'': "''Quenya word meaning 'fire-serpent', dragon''"</ref><br />
| legs=Yes<br />
| wings=Yes<br />
| colour=Red-golden<br />
}}<br />
<center>{{Quote|Never laugh at live dragons, Bilbo you fool!|[[Bilbo Baggins]], to himself.<ref name="H12">{{H|12}}</ref>}}</center><br />
'''Smaug''' (birth unknown – [[Third Age]] {{TA|2941|n}}) was the greatest [[Fire-drakes|fire-breathing]] [[Dragons|dragon]] of the [[Third Age]]. Details of his origin are unknown (presumably bred in Angband in the late First Age), but in {{TA|2770}} he attacked the [[Lonely Mountain]] and the town of [[Dale]]. He claimed the treasure of the mountain for himself and forced [[Thrór]], [[King under the Mountain]], and [[Durin's Folk|his people]] into exile. [[Thorin]]'s [[Quest of Erebor|quest]] - with the help of his burglar [[Bilbo Baggins]] - to reclaim the treasure ended in success when Smaug was slain by [[Bard]] in {{TA|2941}}.<ref name="H14"/><ref name="AppA3"/><ref name="AppB2"/><ref name="H1">{{H|1}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Appearance==<br />
[[File:John Howe - Smaug.jpg|left|thumb|200px|[[John Howe]] - ''Smaug'']]<br />
When [[Bilbo Baggins]] first encounters Smaug he can hear his snoring - "''like the noise of a large pot galloping in the fire, mixed with the rumble of a gigantic tom-cat purring''" - but is most of all struck by the reddish glow and heat that Smaug gives off, both of which travel up the passage-way so Smaug is felt long before he is seen. His flames are green and scarlet.<ref name="H12"/> <br />
<br />
{{Blockquote|There he lay, a vast red-golden dragon, fast asleep; thrumming came from his jaws and nostrils, and wisps of smoke, but his fires were low in slumber. Beneath him, under all his limbs and his huge coiled tail, and about him on all sides stretching away across the unseen floors, lay countless piles of precious things, [[gold]] wrought and unwrought, gems and jewels, and silver red-stained in the ruddy light. Smaug lay, with wings folded like an immeasurable bat, turned partly on one side, so that the hobbit could see his underparts and his long pale belly crusted with gems and fragments of gold from his long lying on his costly bed.|{{H|12}}}}<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
===Sack of Erebor===<br />
:''See also: [[Sack of Erebor]]''<br />
[[File:Ted Nasmith - Scouring the Mountain.jpg|thumb|right|[[Ted Nasmith]] - ''Scouring the Mountain'']]<br />
Smaug was perhaps one of the dragons that infested the [[Grey Mountains]].<ref>{{HM|Guide}}, entry "Smaug"</ref> Hearing about the wealth of the [[Dwarves of Erebor]], Smaug first appeared in the history of [[Middle-earth]] in {{TA|2770}} flying south "''like a hurricane coming from the North''" and attacked the wealthy [[Dwarves|Dwarven]] kingdom of the [[Lonely Mountain]] and its adjacent lands: he first landed upon the mountain before going down the slopes and setting the woods on fire. When the [[dwarves]] came running out of the front gate Smaug killed them all before turning his attention to the men of [[Dale]], also killing most of their warriors including [[Girion]], [[Lord of Dale]] (but his wife and child safely fled to [[Lake-town]]<ref name="H14"/>). Returning to the mountain, he crawled into the [[Front Gate|front gate]] and left no dwarf he found alive.<br />
<br />
Only [[Thrór]], [[King under the Mountain]], and his son [[Thráin|Thráin II]] managed to escape by using the [[Back Door|secret side-door]] (Thrór later gave the key to the secret door and [[Thrór's Map|a map]] of the Lonely Mountain to Thráin). Smaug claimed the treasure (which included the [[Arkenstone]] and [[Mithril#The Mithril Coat|a ''mithril'' shirt]]) for himself and laid there upon a bed of gold, for the next two centuries only occasionally leaving the mountain to carry away people (especially maidens) and continue the destruction of Dale.<ref name="H1"/><ref name="AppA3"/> The area surrounding the mountain became known as the [[Desolation of the Dragon]] as "''there was neither bush nor tree, and only broken and blackened stumps to speak of ones long vanished''".<ref name="H11"/><br />
<br />
===The Quest for Erebor===<br />
:''See also: [[The Hobbit#Synopsis|The Hobbit]]''<br />
[[File:Henning Janssen - Magnificent Guardian.jpg|thumb|left|[[Henning Janssen]] - ''Magnificient Guardian'']]<br />
In {{TA|2850}}, [[Gandalf]], whilst spying on the [[Necromancer]] in [[Dol Guldur]], found a Dwarf imprisoned; near death, the dwarf gave Gandalf a key and a map. Unbeknownst to Gandalf at the time this dwarf was [[Thráin]], [[Kings of Durin's Folk|King of Durin's Folk]], who had been captured by the Necromancer in {{TA|2845}}. Having discovered that the Necromancer was indeed [[Sauron]], Gandalf was very concerned that Sauron could use Smaug to a devastating effect. It is for this reason that Gandalf sought a plan to neutralise the threat of Smaug and limit the potential power of Sauron in the north of Middle-earth.<ref name="UTErebor"/> <br />
<br />
By chance on [[15 March]] {{TA|2941|n}}, Gandalf met [[Thorin|Thorin Oakenshield]] in [[Bree]] (although another source states that they met when Thorin overtook but started to talk to Gandalf on the road<ref name="UTErebor">{{UT|9}}</ref>). They discussed their desire to destroy Smaug and retake the Lonely Mountain; they later met in [[Thorin's Halls]] in the [[Blue Mountains]] to develop a plan. Gandalf wanted Thorin to take the [[hobbits|hobbit]] [[Bilbo Baggins]] as a ''burglar'' on their adventure to retake Erebor; this took considerable persuasion.<ref name="AppB2"/><ref name="AppA3"/><br />
<br />
Later in {{TA|2941}}, at the home of [[Bilbo Baggins]], Gandalf presented Thorin with the map and key, and accompanied them on part of [[Quest of Erebor|their quest]].<ref name=H1/> The party reached the mountain later that year on [[Durin's Day]].<ref name="H11">{{H|11}}</ref> They sent Bilbo in through the secret door to carry out his duty as their burglar; as Smaug lay dreaming of greed and violence, Bilbo stole a heavy two-handed cup from the dragon's vast hoard of treasure (which he used as a bed) and went back to the dwarves. Meanwhile Smaug had an uneasy dream:<br />
<br />
{{Blockquote|a warrior, altogether insignificant in size but provided with a bitter sword and great courage, figured most unpleasantly|Narrator<ref name="H12"/><ref group="note">[[John D. Rateliff]] has suggested that this was initially written when Tolkien planned for Bilbo to kill Smaug. It was thus a prophetic dream of his own death. See {{HH|Conversations}}.</ref>}} <br />
<br />
Upon awaking Smaug felt the draught from the tunnel which led to the secret door (from which he had previously heard untoward knocking). Already suspicious Smaug noticed that the cup was missing. This enraged Smaug beyond measure, causing him to leave his chamber and scour the mountainside for the intruder; remembering hearing strange noises from the passageway he failed to find the entrance, only eating their ponies.<ref name="H12"/><br />
<br />
Remembering a saying of [[Bungo Baggins|his father]]'s, "''every worm has a weak spot''", Bilbo offered to return to the dragon's lair - the Dwarves ardently accepted and, putting on [[the One Ring|the ring]], off he went. Bilbo believed that the dragon was fast asleep and that his presence would remain unknown to the dragon, however, Smaug was pretending to be asleep. He then spoke to Bilbo:<br />
<br />
{{Blockquote|Well thief! I smell you and I feel your air. I hear your breath. Come along! Help yourself again, there is plenty and to spare!|Smaug to [[Bilbo Baggins]].}}<br />
<br />
[[File:David Wyatt - Smaug.jpg|thumb|right|David Wyatt - ''Smaug'']]<br />
But Bilbo was more shrewd than Smaug gave him credit: Bilbo praised the dragon and made sure that he did not reveal his real name, speaking only in [[Riddle-game|riddles]]. Smaug could not resist the fascination of what Bilbo had said (although he did remind him that flattery would not save his life) and needed to understand it, so they continued to talk; he was also intrigued to smell something new being puzzled by the never-before-encountered "hobbit-smell". Bilbo grew more and more uncomfortable in the presence of Smaug, but plucking up courage he revealed that he had not come for the treasure alone: Smaug laughed and mocked the notion that anyone could steal from him and get away with it. Bilbo eventually revealed the true purpose of his mission to Smaug, that of "''revenge''" - Smaug burst into a devastating laughter, shaking Bilbo to the floor, mocking the suggestion that anyone could achieve revenge, boasting about his achievements and strengths. Bilbo then suggested that dragon's were softer underneath, particularly in the chest: in response, and in an act of sheer vanity, Smaug rolled over and claimed that Bilbo's information was false and outdated. But Bilbo saw something crucial, thinking:<br />
<br />
{{Blockquote|Old fool! Why there is a large patch in the hollow of his left breast as bare as a snail out of its shell!|Bilbo, to himself.}}<br />
<br />
Bilbo had obtained the information that he had needed. He fled up the passage, leaving behind a dragon infuriated by the notion of "revenge", having the hair on the back of his head and heels singed off. When Bilbo returned to the door-step he regaled the dwarves with the story of his conversation with the dragon whilst the [[Thrushes|thrush]] was listening. Smaug left his lair once more and smashed the mountainside with strikes of his tail, trapping [[Thorin and Company]] inside the secret passage.<ref name="HInsider" /><br />
<br />
===Death and aftermath===<br />
Realizing that the [[Lake-men]] of [[Lake-town|Esgaroth]] must have helped the intruders - reinforced by Bilbo calling himself the "''Barrel-rider''," Smaug resolved to attack and destroy the town as a punitive measure. He approached it in a rage. The waters around it turned red but Smaug dared not get too close as the water would quench his fire; as the Lake-men had cut the bridges, Smaug flew above attacking and setting the town aflame, destroying the Great House with a swipe of his tail. The dragon's scales were impervious to the arrows of the defenders, but the thrush had flown to the town and informed [[Bard]] - a descendent of [[Girion]], [[Lord of Dale]] - of the bare spot in Smaug's armour. He was then able to kill Smaug by firing the [[Black Arrow]] directly into the vulnerable spot of his left breast. As Smaug fell he crashed into and destroyed Esgaroth.<ref name="H14"/><br />
<br />
After Smaug's death, [[Thorin and Company]] claimed the treasure as theirs by birthright. This created a conflict with Bard and the [[Thranduil|Elvenking]] of [[Mirkwood]], who each wanted a portion of the treasure as reimbursement for huge damage that Smaug had inflicted upon them. Thorin refused to share the treasure and had every intention of going to war with the [[Elves of Mirkwood]] and men of Esgaroth to defend his right to the treasure. However the sudden attack by the armies of [[Bolg]] brought the forces of the [[free peoples]] of Middle-earth together in the [[Battle of Five Armies]].<ref name="H15"/><ref name="H16">{{H|16}}</ref><ref name="H17">{{H|17}}</ref> After the Battle, Bilbo's fourteenth-share of the hoard was given over to Bard who sent some to Lake-town to aid its rebuilding.<ref name="H18">{{H|18}}</ref><br />
<br />
Following the death of Smaug a new Lake-town was built further north; Smaug's bones could be seen from the shore but the people were always fearful of it and no one dared go in the water to retrieve the gems or gold.<ref name="H14"/><br />
<br />
==Personality==<br />
{{Blockquote|I kill where I wish and none dare resist. I laid low the warriors of old and their like is not in the world today. Then I was but young and tender. Now I am old and strong, strong strong, Thief in the Shadows!|Smaug to Bilbo.}}<br />
<br />
Like all dragons, Smaug - described by [[Thorin|Thorin]] as "''a most specially greedy, strong and wicked worm''"<ref name="H1"/> - loves to hoard gold with a meticulous knowledge of his own collection as evidenced by his immediate spotting of the missing cup.<ref name="H12"/> Whilst being quick to anger in defence of his own wealth, he also exhibits a fierce intellect (as well as a curious fascination) in guessing/deciphering Bilbo's cryptic origins, a pride and vanity in his own armour, an arrogance in his own invulnerability (laughing at the suggestion that the dwarves would be able to have their revenge), and an ability to question Bilbo's loyalty to the dwarves.<ref name="H12"/><br />
<br />
==Inspiration==<br />
[[File:John Howe - Smaug Destroys Lake-town.jpg|thumb|right|220px|[[John Howe]] - ''Smaug Destroys Lake-town'']]<br />
{{Blockquote|Fafnir in the late Norse versions of the Sigurd-story is better; and Smaug and his conversation obviously is in debt there.|[[J.R.R. Tolkien]]<ref name="Letter122">{{L|122}}</ref>}}<br />
In [[Letter 122]], Tolkien noted his lack of enthusiasm for the dragon in ''[[Beowulf (poem)|Beowulf]]''. Instead he stated his preference for the dragon-like creature [[Wikipedia:Fafnir|Fafnir]] from the late Norse versions of the [[Wikipedia:Sigurd|Sigurd-story]]. Indeed Tolkien wrote that Smaug's character owed much to Fafnir.<ref name="Letter122"/><br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
Deriving from the same Old English and Germanic roots as ''[[Smials|smial]]'' and ''[[Sméagol|Smeagol]]'',<ref name="RW">{{HM|RW}}, pp. 190-1</ref> the name ''Smaug'' is "the past tense of the primitive Germanic verb ''[[Wiktionary:smeagan|Smugan]]'', to squeeze through a hole".<ref name="Letter25">{{L|25}}</ref> It has been suggested that Tolkien likely thought of [[Old English]] ''smeag'', a word used to describe a "[[worms|worm]]".<ref name=RW/><!--<br />
<br />
Smaug also has echoes of "smoke", "smog" and the Polish word for dragon, "[http://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smok smok]", though it is pronounced with a long /au/.{{Or}}--><br />
<br />
==Other names and titles==<br />
In drafts of the [[The Lord of the Rings Appendices|Appendices]], Tolkien wrote that ''[[Trāgu]]'' was the name of Smaug in the [[language of Dale]], "Dalish".<ref name="PM54">{{PM|II}}, p. 54</ref><br />
<br />
In the conversation between Smaug and Bilbo, Bilbo calls him "'''Smaug the Tremendous'''", "'''Smaug the Chiefest and Greatest of Calamities'''", "'''Smaug the Mighty'''", "'''Smaug the Unassessably Wealthy'''", "'''Lord Smaug the Impenetrable'''" and "'''Your Magnificence'''",<ref name="H12"/> and later Bilbo refers to him as "'''Smaug the Terrible'''" and [[Balin]] calls him "'''Old Worm'''".<ref name="HInsider">{{H|13}}</ref> When the [[dwarves]] learn of Smaug's demise they grab their harps and sing, referring to Smaug as the "'''Worm of Dread'''".<ref name="H15">{{H|15}}</ref> [[Appendix A]] uses the popular name "'''Smaug the Golden'''",<ref name="AppA3">{{App|A3}}</ref> whilst in "[[The Quest of Erebor]]" he is simply referred to as "'''The Dragon'''".<br />
<br />
==Other versions of the Legendarium==<br />
In a very early manuscript of ''[[The Hobbit]]'' Smaug was known as ''Pryftan''. Indeed [[John D. Rateliff]] refers to this manuscript as ''The Pryftan Fragment''.<ref>{{HH|I(a)}}, passim</ref> ''Pryftan'' is a simple [[Welsh]] compound that literally means "Worm of Fire."<ref>[[Mark T. Hooker]], ''[[Tolkien and Welsh]]'', pp. xxv, 36.</ref><br />
<br />
==Portrayal in adaptations==<br />
{{Gallery<br />
|title=Smaug in adaptations<br />
|width=165<br />
|height=140<br />
|lines=2<br />
|File:The Hobbit (1966 film) - Smaug.png|Smaug (named "Slag") in [[The Hobbit (1966 film)|''The Hobbit'' (1966 film)]]<br />
|File:The Hobbit (1977 film) - Smaug.jpg|Smaug in the [[The Hobbit (1977 film)|''The Hobbit'' (1977 film)]]<br />
|File:The Hobbit (1982 video game) - Smaug.png|Smaug in the [[The Hobbit (1982 video game)|1982 video game ''The Hobbit'']]<br />
|File:Smaug_MERP.png| Smaug in [[Middle-earth Role Playing|MERP's]] [[Creatures of Middle-earth|''Creatures of Middle-earth'']]<br />
|File:The Hobbit (2003) Smaug.jpg|Smaug in the [[The Hobbit (2003 video game)|2003 video game ''The Hobbit'']]<br />
|File:The Hobbit - The Desolation of Smaug - Smaug2.jpg|Smaug in [[The Hobbit (film series)|''The Hobbit'' (film series)]]<br />
}}<br />
===Films===<br />
'''1966: [[The Hobbit (1966 film)|''The Hobbit'' (1966 film)]]:'''<br />
:Smaug is named "Slag", the Ancient Monster.{{fact}}<br />
<br />
'''1977: [[The Hobbit (1977 film)|''The Hobbit'' (1977 film)]]:'''<br />
:Smaug was voiced by American actor [[Richard Boone]]. In this version, Smaug is broadly similar in size and colour but his shape is less elongated due to being more weighty. Smaug's face is rounder, possessing more mammalian traits - resembling a mix between a cat and a bat - having bat-like ears and fur around the face and down the back. Also, his armour is never mentioned to be strengthened by lying on the treasure, but more resembles an extra padding of skin/scales, minus the bare patch.<br />
<br />
'''2012: ''[[The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey]]'':'''<br />
:Smaug is a [[wikipedia:Computer-generated imagery|CGI]]-motion capture creature produced by [[Weta Digital]], voiced by [[Benedict Cumberbatch]].<ref name="PJCasting">{{webcite|author=[[Peter Jackson]]|articleurl=http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=10150286515141558|articlename=The Hobbit Casting Update|dated=19-June-2011|website=[http://www.facebook.com/ Facebook]|accessed=23-Dec-2011}}</ref> He is shown with no front legs but walking on the wrists of his wings.<br />
<br />
:Smaug's [[Sack of Erebor|sack]] of [[Dale]] and [[Lonely Mountain|Erebor]] is shown briefly during the prologue. The film ends with a glimpse of the [[Dragons|Dragon]]'s eye as he wakes, though he is buried under the treasure.<br />
<br />
'''2013: ''[[The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug]]'':'''<br />
:Smaug makes his full appearance in the second part. In his conversation with [[Bilbo Baggins|Bilbo]], he shows an awareness of [[the One Ring]] and [[Sauron|its master]], as well as the nearby presence of [[Thorin and Company]]. It is also observed by Bilbo that the [[Lake-men]]'s legend of [[Girion]] having loosened and removed a scale from the Dragon's breast was in fact true. When the [[Dwarves]] enter the mountain, Smaug chases them, finally catching up to them in the forges, where the Dwarves stage a [[Battle of the Forges|counterattack]], tricking Smaug into relighting the forges with his fire. They manage to cover Smaug in hot molten gold, but he sheds it off without difficulty. Smaug leaves them and flies off to [[Lake-town]] to seek revenge for what he perceives to be their part in Bilbo and the Dwarves' attack.<br />
<br />
'''2014: ''[[The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies]]'':'''<br />
:After destroying the majority of Lake-town, Smaug sees [[Bard]] attempting to take him on. He taunts the bowman, and, then, while charging him, Bard shoots his [[Black Arrow]] into the [[Fire-drakes|fire-drake]]'s vulnerable spot. While in the throes of death, Smaug flies up into the sky, where he takes his last breath and then falls to his watery grave in [[Long Lake]] (taking the [[Master of Lake-town]] in his boat with him along the way).<br />
<br />
===Radio series===<br />
'''1968: [[The Hobbit (1968 radio series)|''The Hobbit'' (1968 radio series)]]:'''<br />
:[[Francis de Wolff]] provides Smaug's voice.<br />
<br />
'''1979: [[The Hobbit (1979 radio series)|''The Hobbit'' (1979 radio series)]]:'''<br />
:Smaug's name is pronounced "Smog".<ref>[[The Hobbit (1979 radio series)|''The Hobbit'' (1979 radio series)]], "Inside Information"</ref> [[Erik Bauersfeld]] performed the voice of the dragon.<ref>{{webcite|articleurl=http://www.discogs.com/JRR-Tolkien-The-Lord-Of-The-Rings-The-Hobbit/release/602426|articlename=J.R.R. Tolkien – The Lord Of The Rings & The Hobbit|website=[http://www.discogs.com Discogs.com]|accessed=23-Dec-2011}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Games===<br />
'''1982: [[The Hobbit (1982 video game)|''The Hobbit'' (1982 video game)]]:'''<br />
:The goal of this game is to plunder the treasuries of Smaug's Lair in the Lonely Mountain. While the computer is loading the game it shows a picture of Smaug with the Lonely Mountain on the background.<ref name="Newspaper">{{webcite|author=Phil Garratt|articleurl=http://www.worldofspectrum.org/showmag.cgi?mag=ZXComputing/Issue8304/Pages/ZXComputing830400076.jpg|articlename=Software Review: The Hobbit|website=[http://www.worldofspectrum.org WorldOfSpectrum.com]|accessed=23-Dec-2011}}</ref><br />
<br />
'''1988: [[Creatures of Middle-earth|''Creatures of Middle-earth'' (1st edition)]]:'''<br />
:In this supplement to the 1st edition of ''[[Middle-earth Role Playing]]'', Smaug is put forward as a potential enemy should the gamesmaster wish to include the dragon in his or her story. Another dragon, Utumkodur, is described as Smaug's elder sister. <ref>Ruth Sochard Pitt, Jeff O'Hare, [[Pete Fenlon|Peter C. Fenlon, Jr.]], ''[[Creatures of Middle-earth]]'', 1st edn, pp. 51-52</ref><br />
<br />
'''1994: [[Creatures of Middle-earth (2nd edition)|''Creatures of Middle-earth'' (2nd edition)]]:'''<br />
:In this supplement to the 2nd edition of ''[[Middle-earth Role Playing]]'', Smaug is described in some detail and given a brief history before his coming to Erebor. Smaug survived the destruction of [[Angband]] at the end of the [[First Age]] and settled at Anvilmount in the [[Grey Mountains]]. Here he found and defiled a First Age Adan holy place, destroying tombs and stealing a modest amount of treasure. Smaug was upset by his lack of wealth. Therefore when he heard the tale of the Dwarves of Erebor he knew that the great treasure should be his. ''Creatures of Middle-earth'' also describes Smaug as being the son of [[Ancalagon]], being one of a number of siblings including Throkmaw, Ruingurth, and Utumkodur.<ref>Ruth Sochard Pitt, Jeff O'Hare, [[Peter C. Fenlon, Jr.]], ''[[Creatures of Middle-earth (2nd edition)|Creatures of Middle-earth]]'', 2nd edn, pp. 112-115</ref><br />
<br />
'''2003: [[The Hobbit (2003 video game)|''The Hobbit'' (2003 video game)]]:'''<br />
:Smaug was voiced by [[James Horan]].<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[:Category:Images of Smaug|Images of Smaug]]<br />
* "[[The Quest of Erebor]]", a chapter of ''[[Unfinished Tales]]'' which provides more background information<br />
* [[Chrysophylax]], the dragon in ''[[Farmer Giles of Ham]]''<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
<br />
*[http://middle-earth.xenite.org/2013/02/27/where-did-smaug-come-from/ Where Did Smaug Come From?] by [[Michael Martinez]]<br />
<br />
{{References|n}}<br />
{{Dragons}}<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Smaug}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Characters in The Hobbit]]<br />
[[Category:Dragons]]<br />
[[Category:Evil]]<br />
[[Category:Featured Articles]]<br />
[[Category:Germanic names]]<br />
[[Category:Masculine names]]<br />
[[Category:Third Age characters]]<br />
[[de:Smaug]]<br />
[[fr:/encyclo/personnages/animaux/dragons/smaug]]<br />
[[fi:Smaug]]</div>108.63.142.187