https://tolkiengateway.net/w/api.php?action=feedcontributions&user=Kulid123&feedformat=atomTolkien Gateway - User contributions [en]2024-03-29T09:34:24ZUser contributionsMediaWiki 1.39.3https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Black_N%C3%BAmen%C3%B3reans&diff=317727Black Númenóreans2020-08-12T21:43:06Z<p>Kulid123: /* Later History: Decline */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{people infobox<br />
| name=Black Númenóreans<br />
| image=[[File:Brian Durfee - Black Númenóreans.jpg|250px]]<br />
| caption="[[:File:Brian Durfee - Black Númenóreans.jpg|Black Númenóreans]]" by Brian Durfee<br />
| pronun=<br />
| othernames=Sauronians<ref name=letter>{{L|156}}</ref><br />
| origin=[[Númenóreans]] seduced and corrupted by [[Sauron]]<br />
| location=The southern lands of [[Middle-earth]], and especially [[Umbar]]<br />
| affiliation=[[King's Men]], [[Sauron]]<br />
| rivalry=[[Exiles of Númenor]], [[Gondorians]]<br />
| language=[[Adûnaic]], [[Westron]]<br />
| members=[[Herumor]], [[Fuinur]], [[Berúthiel]], [[The Mouth of Sauron]]<br />
| lifespan=<br />
| distinctions=<br />
| height=<br />
| hair=<br />
| skin=<br />
| clothing=<br />
| weapons=<br />
}}<br />
The '''Black Númenóreans''' emerged from the [[King's Men]] party;<ref name=Gondor>{{App|Gondor}}</ref> they were cruel oppressors and overlords over the primitive [[Men]] of [[Middle-earth]]. Since they were colonising the continent, they survived the [[Downfall of Númenor]] but swiftly diminished.<br />
==History==<br />
===Background===<br />
{{main|King's Men}}<br />
The [[Númenóreans]]' power and knowledge had grown throughout the course of the [[Second Age]], and became increasingly preoccupied with the limits placed on their happiness—and eventually their power—by mortality, the purpose of which they began to question.<ref name=akallabeth>{{S|Akallabeth}}</ref> They started fearing the [[Gift of Men]] and attempted to delay it or recall life.<ref name=akallabeth/> This growing wish to escape death, made most of the Númenoreans envious of the immortal [[Eldar]], who they had come to physically resemble.<ref name=akallabeth/> The Eldar sought ever to remind the [[Men of Númenor]] however, that death was a gift of the One God, [[Ilúvatar]], to all men, and the will of Ilúvatar could not be gainsaid.<ref name=akallabeth/><br />
<br />
Nevertheless, after {{SA|2221}}, when [[Tar-Ancalimon]] became [[King of Númenor]], the [[Númenóreans]] became divided. The [[King's Men]] who turned away from the [[Valar]] and the [[Eldar]], and eventually became vulnerable to the corruption of [[Sauron]], who dominated the minds and wills of most of the [[Númenóreans]] with the [[One Ring]].<ref>{{L|211}}</ref> <br />
<br />
Three of the [[Nazgûl|Ringwraiths]] were powerful [[Númenóreans|Númenórean]] lords corrupted by [[Sauron]].<ref>{{S|Akallabeth}}</ref><ref name=letter/> 1000 years before the [[Downfall of Númenor|Downfall]], they served [[Sauron]], being enslaved to his will, having become so because of their lust for power or knowledge. <br />
<br />
Some indigenous people of [[Middle-earth]] were afraid of those [[Númenóreans]], whom they called "[[Go-hilleg]]" in their language. The "[[Go-hilleg]]" terrified those people with their ships and intended at some point to conquer the land of [[Agar]] and slay its people.<ref>{{PM|Elmar}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Second Age===<br />
====Origin====<br />
Many of the [[King's Men]] sailed to the shores and seaward regions of the [[Westlands]] during [[Sauron]]'s sojourn in [[Númenor]].<ref name=rings>{{S|Rings}}</ref> These became the Black Númenóreans who submitted to [[Sauron]] and served him gladly in [[Middle-earth]].<ref name=rings/> These evil lords made their fortresses and dwellings in the [[South]], because of the power of [[Gil-galad]].<ref name=rings/><ref name=window>{{TT|Window}}</ref> Before the [[Downfall of Númenor|Downfall]], their settlements beyond [[Umbar]] had been absorbed or had been made by the [[King's Men]] and had become hostile and parts of [[Sauron|Sauron's]] dominions.<ref>{{UT|Istari}}</ref><br />
<br />
====After the Downfall====<br />
Even after the Downfall, the Black Númenóreans held control of the [[Haven of Umbar]], initially a stronghold of the [[King's Men]], the most famous of their realms.<ref name=Gondor/> They hated, above all, the [[Exiles of Númenor]].<ref name=Gondor/><br />
<br />
Two early Black Númenórean lords, both mighty and evil, from the late [[Second Age]] were [[Herumor]] and [[Fuinur]] who desired power over men of other, lesser races, and they "rose to power amongst the [[Haradrim]]", the peoples neighbouring [[Umbar]].<ref name=rings/> <br />
<br />
As [[Sauron]] was preparing to go to war against the [[Elves]] and [[Exiles of Númenor|Exiles]], he gathered great strength of his servants, including many Black Númenóreans.<ref name=rings/> <br />
<br />
The triumph of the [[Last Alliance]] marked the decline of the Black Númenórean race and the end of their racial superiority.<ref name=Gondor/> They dwindled swiftly or became merged with the [[Men]] of [[Middle-earth]].<ref name=Gondor/> Although their ethnic purity declined, they inherited, without lessening, their hatred of [[Gondor]].<ref name=Gondor/> <br />
<br />
===Decline===<br />
Although they had dwindled, few notable figures still claimed to be of the Black Númenórean race in later times. One of these was [[Berúthiel|Queen Berúthiel]], the "nefarious, solitary, and loveless" wife of [[Gondor|Gondor's]] King [[Tarannon Falastur]].<ref name=Interview>{{webcite|author=[[Daphne Castell]]|articleurl=http://www.festivalintheshire.com/journal1bdx/inttolkien.html|articlename=The Realms of Tolkien|dated=|website=[http://www.festivalintheshire.com/journal1bdx/index.html ''Festival in the Shire Journal'', Issue 1]|accessed=7 May 2012}}</ref><ref>[[Humphrey Carpenter]], ''[[The Inklings (book)|The Inklings]]'', "Thursday evenings", pp. 137-8</ref><ref>{{UT|Istari}}, note 7</ref> <br />
<br />
In {{TA|933}}, [[Kings of Gondor|King]] [[Eärnil I]] captured [[Umbar]], driving the lords of [[Umbar]] into exile.<ref name=Gondor/> 82 years later, in {{TA|1015}}, these lords lead the [[Haradrim]] to re-take the fortress and slew [[Kings of Gondor|King]] [[Ciryandil]], son of [[Eärnil I]].<ref name=Gondor/> Whether or not these lords were indeed Black Númenóreans is not known but due to their somewhat longevity (they ruled [[Umbar]] for some time before their 82 year long exile), it seems plausible. No more can be said about this matter.<br />
<br />
Another more notable "renegade" of great stature was the [[Mouth of Sauron]]: "he entered the service of the [[Barad-dûr|Dark Tower]] when it first rose again".<ref name="Gate">{{RK|V10}}</ref><ref group=note>It has been noted that this reference is difficult to interpret; according to [[Appendix B]] the [[Dark Tower]] arose first some time after {{SA|3320}} and again in {{TA|2951}}. If the Mouth lived in the [[Second Age]], he would be one of the [[King's Men]] of [[Númenor]], and probably prolonged his life with sorcery (cf. {{HM|Guide}}, p. 274); in the second interpretation he would serve [[Sauron]] only for 68 years, and this would make him a Black Númenórean of [[Umbar]] or [[Harad]]. The second interpretation is more feasible (and supported by [[Michael Martinez]]) but both have been considered.</ref> He mocked the army of [[Aragorn|King Elessar]] in front of the [[Morannon]].<ref name="Gate"/><br />
<br />
==Culture==<br />
In [[Middle-earth]], the Black Númenóreans became "enamoured of evil knowledge"<ref name="Gate"/> and some "learned great sorcery" under [[Sauron|Sauron's]] tuleage.<ref name="Gate"/> Some, like the [[Mouth of Sauron]], had the potential to be more cruel than any [[Orc]].<ref name="Gate"/><br />
<br />
Some of these lords were idle and lazy; they used to fight amongst themselves, until they became conquered by the wild men whom they ruled over.<ref name=window/><br />
<br />
The Black Númenóreans did not use [[Westron]], but probably retained their old tongue [[Adûnaic]], speaking a dialect of it. (In [[The Notion Club Papers]], part of ''[[Sauron Defeated]]'', Arundel Lowdham cited two descendants of classical Adûnaic. One of these must have been Westron, the other the tongue of the Black Númenóreans).<br />
<br />
==Portrayal in adaptations==<br />
[[File:The Lord of the Rings Online - Black Númenórean.jpg|thumb|A typical Black Númenórean in ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'']]<br />
'''2007: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''<br />
:The Black Númenóreans are portrayed in service of the different Lieutenants of the Enemy. The ''Angmarim'' inhabit the lands surrounding [[Carn Dum]] in [[Angmar]] and serve [[Mordirith]] and later [[Amarthiel]]. Much later, Umbarrim Númenóreans make appearance in [[Dol Guldur]] of [[Mirkwood]].<br />
<br />
'''2011: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: War in the North]]'':'''<br />
:[[Agandaûr]], the game's main antagonist, is a Black Númenórean<ref>{{webcite|author=|articleurl=http://www.warinthenorth.com/index.php/the-game/enemies|articlename=Enemies|dated=|website=www.warinthenorth.com|accessed=15 February 2012}}</ref> as is the minor character [[Wulfrun]], lieutenant of [[Carn Dûm]].<br />
<br />
{{notes}}<br />
{{references}}<br />
[[Category:Black Númenóreans| ]]<br />
[[Category:Servants of Sauron]]<br />
[[de:Schwarze Númenorer]]<br />
[[fi:Mustat númenorilaiset]]</div>Kulid123https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Last_Alliance_of_Elves_and_Men&diff=317642Last Alliance of Elves and Men2020-08-12T15:11:35Z<p>Kulid123: /* Structure */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{organization infobox<br />
| name=Last Alliance of Elves and Men<br />
| image=[[File:Jenny Dolfen - The Last Alliance.jpg|250px]]<br />
| caption="The Last Alliance" by [[Jenny Dolfen]]<br />
| pronun=<br />
| othernames=<br />
| founded={{SA|3430}}<br />
| founder=[[Gil-galad]] and [[Elendil]]<br />
| purpose=Prevent conquest by [[Sauron]]<br />
| members=[[Men of Arnor]], [[Men of the Vales of Anduin]], [[Gondorians]], [[Elves of Lindon]], [[Rivendell|Forces of Imladris]], [[Elves of Mirkwood]], [[Elves of Lórinand]], [[Dwarves of Khazad-dûm]], "beasts and birds"<ref name=rings/><br />
| location=Mustered at [[Imladris]], forces drawn from all parts of northwestern [[Middle-earth]]<br />
| disbanded={{SA|3441}}<br />
| notablefor=Defeating [[Sauron]]<br />
| gallery=the Last Alliance<br />
}}<br />
{{quote|Now [[Elendil]] and [[Gil-galad]]... perceived that [[Sauron]] would grow too strong..., if they did not unite against him. Therefore they made that League which is called the Last Alliance, and they marched east... gathering a great host of [[Elves]] and [[Men]]; and they halted for a while at [[Imladris]]. It is said that the host that was there assembled was fairer and more splendid in arms than any that has since been seen in [[Middle-earth]], and none greater has been mustered since the [[Host of the Valar|host of the Valar]] went against [[Thangorodrim]].|''[[The Silmarillion]]'', "[[Of the Rings of Power and the Third Age]]"}}<br />
The '''Last Alliance of Elves and Men''' was the great league formed in response to the threat of conquest by the Dark Lord [[Sauron]].<ref name=SA>{{App|SA}}</ref> The collective-army that eventually set out to war was sometimes called the '''Host of the Alliance'''.<ref name=second/><br />
<br />
==Structure==<br />
The great host was generally divided into hosts commanded by [[Gil-galad]] and [[Elendil]]:<br />
<br />
'''Gil-galad'''<br />
*[[Elves of Lindon]] (with [[Círdan]])<br />
*[[Elrond]]<br />
**[[Rivendell|Forces of Imladris]]<br />
*[[Oropher]] (with [[Thranduil]])<br />
**[[Elves of the Wood]] <br />
**[[Amdír]]<br />
***[[Elves of Lórinand]]<br />
<br />
'''Elendil'''<br />
*[[Men of Arnor]]<br />
**[[Isildur]] (with [[Elendur (son of Isildur)|Elendur]], [[Aratan]], and [[Ciryon]])<ref name=gladdenfield/><br />
***[[Men of Arnor|Men of eastern Arnor]]<br />
***[[Men of the Vales of Anduin]]<br />
**[[Anárion]]<br />
***[[Gondorians]]<br />
<br />
The army of the [[Dwarves of Khazad-dûm]] and the "beasts and birds"<ref name=rings/> are not said to have belonged to either host.<br />
<br />
==Background==<br />
[[Sauron]] had been contending with the [[Elves]] for mastery of [[Middle-earth]] for over 1200 years. Fearing the establishment of the powerful [[Realms in Exile]] by his hated enemies, the [[Númenóreans]], and the ever-growing influence of [[Gil-galad]] in the [[Westlands]], Sauron launched a pre-emptive attack on [[Gondor]] in {{SA|3429}}.<ref name=rings>{{S|Rings}}</ref><ref name=SA/> <br />
<br />
The first strike of the War was against [[Isildur]]'s fortress of [[Minas Ithil]], which guarded [[Mordor]]'s western borders. This Sauron captured, but Isildur and his family were able to escape by ship, sailing down the [[Anduin]] to its [[Mouths of Anduin|Mouths]], and then by sea northward to seek out his father, the [[High King (Dúnedain)|High King]] [[Elendil]].<ref name=rings/> Meanwhile Sauron continued his assault, attempting to take [[Osgiliath]], but Isildur's brother [[Anárion]] was prepared for him. The forces of Mordor were driven back through [[Ithilien]], and held at the line of the [[Ephel Dúath]]; but Sauron gathered his strength again, and [[Anárion]] knew that unless help should come [[Gondor]] would fall.<ref name=rings/><br />
<br />
==History==<br />
[[Elendil]] and [[Gil-galad]], after receiving [[Isildur]], understood that Sauron would grow too powerful if they did not unite against them.<ref name=rings/> In response, [[Elendil]] and his sons formed an alliance with [[Gil-galad]] in {{SA|3430}}<ref name=SA/> and the hosts of Gil-galad and Elendil were mustered in [[Arnor]].<ref name=second>{{PM|Second}}</ref><ref name="Council">{{FR|Council}}</ref> It is said that the hosts of Gil-galad joined Elendil at [[Weathertop|Amon Sûl]] (it is told that [[Elendil]] stood on the great watch-tower of [[Amon Sûl]] watching for the coming of Gil-galad out of [[Lindon]])<ref>{{FR|Knife}}</ref> and marched towards [[Imladris]] in {{SA|3431}} whilst summoning all folk to their aid.<ref name=SA/><ref name=second/> The host that was assembled at [[Imladris]] was said to be the greatest since the [[Host of Valinor]] of the [[First Age]].<ref name=rings/> It is said that [[Elendil]] bound the Alliance with an oath and invoked the name of [[Eru]] to witness it.<ref name=Cirion>{{UT|Cirion}}</ref> Though the main host was composed of [[Elves]] and [[Men]], other races also played their part. In particular, there are records of the [[Dwarves of Khazad-dûm]] joining the alliance.<ref name=rings/><br />
<br />
[[File:Angel Falto - Elf Last Alliance.jpg|200px|thumb|left|''Last Alliance'' by [[:Category:Images by Angel Falto|Angel Falto]]]]<br />
<br />
Bringing together this great host took no less than three years, during which other preparations were made. For example, the ancient [[Forest Road]] that led down from the [[Pass of Imladris]], crossed [[Anduin]] by a bridge which had been enlarged and strengthened for the passage of the armies of the Alliance.<ref>{{UT|Gladden}}, note 14</ref> Finally in {{SA|3434}}, the Host of the Alliance crossed the [[Misty Mountains]] by many passes and marched south.<ref name=rings/> The main might of [[Gil-galad]] with the company of [[Elrond]], together with [[Isildur]] and the [[Men of Arnor|men of eastern Arnor]] crossed over the [[High Pass]] and the [[Redhorn Gate]].<ref name=gladden/><ref name=gladdenfield/> In fact that host was so large, that the [[Orcs of Mordor]] sent by Sauron to harry them, hid themselves.<ref name=gladden>{{UT|Gladden}}, note 20</ref> <br />
<br />
As the Host crossed the [[Anduin]] and travelled down the [[Vales of Anduin]], their forces were further strengthened by both [[Elves]] and [[Men]]. Despite the reluctance of [[Oropher]], King of the [[Silvan Elves]] east of [[Anduin]], to meddle in the affairs of any other peoples, he assembled a great army of [[Elves of Mirkwood|his now numerous people]], and joining with the [[Elves of Lórinand|lesser army]] of [[Amdír]], [[King of Lórien]], he led the host of the [[Silvan Elves]] to the Last Alliance.<ref name="Princes"/> The [[Silvan Elves]] were hardy and valiant, but ill-equipped with armour or weapons in comparison with the [[Noldor]]; also they were independent, and not disposed to place themselves under the supreme command of [[Gil-galad]].<ref name="Princes">{{UT|6b}}</ref> In addition to the [[Silvan Elves]], the [[Men of the Vales of Anduin]] joined the great host, allying themselves with [[Isildur]].<ref name=gladdenfield>{{UT|Gladden}}</ref> <br />
<br />
When Sauron learned of their advance, he burned the former [[Brown Lands|gardens]] of the [[Entwives]] to hinder them down the [[Anduin]].<ref>{{L|144}}</ref><br />
<br />
Soon, the Host of the Alliance reached [[Dagorlad]] where they met and defeated Sauron's host in the great [[Battle of Dagorlad]], breached the [[Morannon]] into [[Mordor]], and besieged the Dark Lord's fortress of [[Barad-dûr]].<ref name=rings/> In the seventh year of the [[Siege of Barad-dûr|Siege]], {{SA|3441}}, Sauron sought to bring it to an end by offering combat against the leaders of the Alliance, but in the combat that followed, [[Gil-galad]] and [[Elendil]] both fell but Sauron was also defeated, and his evil spirit abandoned his body.<ref name=SA/> With the fall of Sauron came the end of the [[War of Last Alliance|War]], and also the end of the mighty Last Alliance of Elves and Men.<ref name=SA/> <br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[War of the Last Alliance]] (Military information)<br />
<br />
{{references}}<br />
[[Category:Armies]]<br />
[[Category:Arnorians]]<br />
[[Category:Gondorians]]<br />
[[Category:Elves]]<br />
[[de:Letztes Bündnis]]<br />
[[fr:encyclo:evenements:2a:derniere_alliance_des_elfes_et_des_hommes]]<br />
[[fi:Haltioiden ja Ihmisten Viimeinen Liitto]]</div>Kulid123https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Last_Alliance_of_Elves_and_Men&diff=317636Last Alliance of Elves and Men2020-08-12T15:03:39Z<p>Kulid123: Finally done</p>
<hr />
<div>{{organization infobox<br />
| name=Last Alliance of Elves and Men<br />
| image=[[File:Jenny Dolfen - The Last Alliance.jpg|250px]]<br />
| caption="The Last Alliance" by [[Jenny Dolfen]]<br />
| pronun=<br />
| othernames=<br />
| founded={{SA|3430}}<br />
| founder=[[Gil-galad]] and [[Elendil]]<br />
| purpose=Prevent conquest by [[Sauron]]<br />
| members=[[Men of Arnor]], [[Men of the Vales of Anduin]], [[Gondorians]], [[Elves of Lindon]], [[Rivendell|Forces of Imladris]], [[Elves of Mirkwood]], [[Elves of Lórinand]], [[Dwarves of Khazad-dûm]], "beasts and birds"<ref name=rings/><br />
| location=Mustered at [[Imladris]], forces drawn from all parts of northwestern [[Middle-earth]]<br />
| disbanded={{SA|3441}}<br />
| notablefor=Defeating [[Sauron]]<br />
| gallery=the Last Alliance<br />
}}<br />
{{quote|Now [[Elendil]] and [[Gil-galad]]... perceived that [[Sauron]] would grow too strong..., if they did not unite against him. Therefore they made that League which is called the Last Alliance, and they marched east... gathering a great host of [[Elves]] and [[Men]]; and they halted for a while at [[Imladris]]. It is said that the host that was there assembled was fairer and more splendid in arms than any that has since been seen in [[Middle-earth]], and none greater has been mustered since the [[Host of the Valar|host of the Valar]] went against [[Thangorodrim]].|''[[The Silmarillion]]'', "[[Of the Rings of Power and the Third Age]]"}}<br />
The '''Last Alliance of Elves and Men''' was the great league formed in response to the threat of conquest by the Dark Lord [[Sauron]].<ref name=SA>{{App|SA}}</ref> The collective-army that eventually set out to war was sometimes called the '''Host of the Alliance'''.<ref name=second/><br />
<br />
==Structure==<br />
The great host was generally divided into hosts commanded by [[Gil-galad]] and [[Elendil]]:<br />
<br />
'''Gil-galad'''<br />
*[[Elves of Lindon]] (with [[Círdan]])<br />
*[[Elrond]]<br />
**[[Rivendell|Forces of Imladris]]<br />
*[[Oropher]] (with [[Thranduil]])<br />
**[[Elves of the Wood]] <br />
**[[Amdír]]<br />
***[[Elves of Lórinand]]<br />
<br />
'''Elendil'''<br />
*[[Men of Arnor]]<br />
**[[Isildur]]<br />
***[[Men of Arnor|Men of eastern Arnor]]<br />
***[[Men of the Vales of Anduin]]<br />
**[[Anárion]]<br />
***[[Gondorians]]<br />
<br />
The army of the [[Dwarves of Khazad-dûm]] and the "beasts and birds"<ref name=rings/> are not said to have belonged to either host. <br />
<br />
==Background==<br />
[[Sauron]] had been contending with the [[Elves]] for mastery of [[Middle-earth]] for over 1200 years. Fearing the establishment of the powerful [[Realms in Exile]] by his hated enemies, the [[Númenóreans]], and the ever-growing influence of [[Gil-galad]] in the [[Westlands]], Sauron launched a pre-emptive attack on [[Gondor]] in {{SA|3429}}.<ref name=rings>{{S|Rings}}</ref><ref name=SA/> <br />
<br />
The first strike of the War was against [[Isildur]]'s fortress of [[Minas Ithil]], which guarded [[Mordor]]'s western borders. This Sauron captured, but Isildur and his family were able to escape by ship, sailing down the [[Anduin]] to its [[Mouths of Anduin|Mouths]], and then by sea northward to seek out his father, the [[High King (Dúnedain)|High King]] [[Elendil]].<ref name=rings/> Meanwhile Sauron continued his assault, attempting to take [[Osgiliath]], but Isildur's brother [[Anárion]] was prepared for him. The forces of Mordor were driven back through [[Ithilien]], and held at the line of the [[Ephel Dúath]]; but Sauron gathered his strength again, and [[Anárion]] knew that unless help should come [[Gondor]] would fall.<ref name=rings/><br />
<br />
==History==<br />
[[Elendil]] and [[Gil-galad]], after receiving [[Isildur]], understood that Sauron would grow too powerful if they did not unite against them.<ref name=rings/> In response, [[Elendil]] and his sons formed an alliance with [[Gil-galad]] in {{SA|3430}}<ref name=SA/> and the hosts of Gil-galad and Elendil were mustered in [[Arnor]].<ref name=second>{{PM|Second}}</ref><ref name="Council">{{FR|Council}}</ref> It is said that the hosts of Gil-galad joined Elendil at [[Weathertop|Amon Sûl]] (it is told that [[Elendil]] stood on the great watch-tower of [[Amon Sûl]] watching for the coming of Gil-galad out of [[Lindon]])<ref>{{FR|Knife}}</ref> and marched towards [[Imladris]] in {{SA|3431}} whilst summoning all folk to their aid.<ref name=SA/><ref name=second/> The host that was assembled at [[Imladris]] was said to be the greatest since the [[Host of Valinor]] of the [[First Age]].<ref name=rings/> It is said that [[Elendil]] bound the Alliance with an oath and invoked the name of [[Eru]] to witness it.<ref name=Cirion>{{UT|Cirion}}</ref> Though the main host was composed of [[Elves]] and [[Men]], other races also played their part. In particular, there are records of the [[Dwarves of Khazad-dûm]] joining the alliance.<ref name=rings/><br />
<br />
[[File:Angel Falto - Elf Last Alliance.jpg|200px|thumb|left|''Last Alliance'' by [[:Category:Images by Angel Falto|Angel Falto]]]]<br />
<br />
Bringing together this great host took no less than three years, during which other preparations were made. For example, the ancient [[Forest Road]] that led down from the [[Pass of Imladris]], crossed [[Anduin]] by a bridge which had been enlarged and strengthened for the passage of the armies of the Alliance.<ref>{{UT|Gladden}}, note 14</ref> Finally in {{SA|3434}}, the Host of the Alliance crossed the [[Misty Mountains]] by many passes and marched south.<ref name=rings/> The main might of [[Gil-galad]] with the company of [[Elrond]], together with [[Isildur]] and the [[Men of Arnor|men of eastern Arnor]] crossed over the [[High Pass]] and the [[Redhorn Gate]].<ref name=gladden/><ref name=gladdenfield/> In fact that host was so large, that the [[Orcs of Mordor]] sent by Sauron to harry them, hid themselves.<ref name=gladden>{{UT|Gladden}}, note 20</ref> <br />
<br />
As the Host crossed the [[Anduin]] and travelled down the [[Vales of Anduin]], their forces were further strengthened by both [[Elves]] and [[Men]]. Despite the reluctance of [[Oropher]], King of the [[Silvan Elves]] east of [[Anduin]], to meddle in the affairs of any other peoples, he assembled a great army of [[Elves of Mirkwood|his now numerous people]], and joining with the [[Elves of Lórinand|lesser army]] of [[Amdír]], [[King of Lórien]], he led the host of the [[Silvan Elves]] to the Last Alliance.<ref name="Princes"/> The [[Silvan Elves]] were hardy and valiant, but ill-equipped with armour or weapons in comparison with the [[Noldor]]; also they were independent, and not disposed to place themselves under the supreme command of [[Gil-galad]].<ref name="Princes">{{UT|6b}}</ref> In addition to the [[Silvan Elves]], the [[Men of the Vales of Anduin]] joined the great host, allying themselves with [[Isildur]].<ref name=gladdenfield>{{UT|Gladden}}</ref> <br />
<br />
When Sauron learned of their advance, he burned the former [[Brown Lands|gardens]] of the [[Entwives]] to hinder them down the [[Anduin]].<ref>{{L|144}}</ref><br />
<br />
Soon, the Host of the Alliance reached [[Dagorlad]] where they met and defeated Sauron's host in the great [[Battle of Dagorlad]], breached the [[Morannon]] into [[Mordor]], and besieged the Dark Lord's fortress of [[Barad-dûr]].<ref name=rings/> In the seventh year of the [[Siege of Barad-dûr|Siege]], {{SA|3441}}, Sauron sought to bring it to an end by offering combat against the leaders of the Alliance, but in the combat that followed, [[Gil-galad]] and [[Elendil]] both fell but Sauron was also defeated, and his evil spirit abandoned his body.<ref name=SA/> With the fall of Sauron came the end of the [[War of Last Alliance|War]], and also the end of the mighty Last Alliance of Elves and Men.<ref name=SA/> <br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[War of the Last Alliance]] (Military information)<br />
<br />
{{references}}<br />
[[Category:Armies]]<br />
[[Category:Arnorians]]<br />
[[Category:Gondorians]]<br />
[[Category:Elves]]<br />
[[de:Letztes Bündnis]]<br />
[[fr:encyclo:evenements:2a:derniere_alliance_des_elfes_et_des_hommes]]<br />
[[fi:Haltioiden ja Ihmisten Viimeinen Liitto]]</div>Kulid123https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Pass_of_Imladris&diff=317590Pass of Imladris2020-08-11T21:49:06Z<p>Kulid123: Redirected page to High Pass</p>
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<div>#REDIRECT [[High Pass]]</div>Kulid123https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Last_Alliance_of_Elves_and_Men&diff=317502Last Alliance of Elves and Men2020-08-11T02:17:09Z<p>Kulid123: Not done editing yet i'll continue later</p>
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<div>{{organization infobox<br />
| name=Last Alliance of Elves and Men<br />
| image=[[File:Jenny Dolfen - The Last Alliance.jpg|250px]]<br />
| caption="The Last Alliance" by [[Jenny Dolfen]]<br />
| pronun=<br />
| othernames=<br />
| founded={{SA|3430}}<br />
| founder=[[Gil-galad]] and [[Elendil]]<br />
| purpose=Prevent conquest by [[Sauron]]<br />
| members=[[Men of Arnor]], [[Men of the Vales of Anduin]], [[Elves of Lindon]], [[Rivendell|Forces of Imladris]], [[Elves of Mirkwood]], [[Elves of Lórinand]], [[Dwarves of Khazad-dûm]], birds and beasts<ref>{{S|Rings}}</ref><br />
| location=[[Imladris]], drawn from all parts of northwestern [[Middle-earth]]<br />
| disbanded={{SA|3441}}<br />
| notablefor=Defeating [[Sauron]]<br />
| gallery=the Last Alliance<br />
}}<br />
<br />
The '''Last Alliance of Elves and Men''' was the great league formed in response to the threat of conquest by the Dark Lord [[Sauron]].<ref name=SA>{{App|SA}}</ref> The collective-army that eventually set out to war was sometimes called the '''Host of the Alliance'''.<br />
<br />
==Structure==<br />
The great host was generally divided into hosts commanded by [[Gil-galad]] and [[Elendil]]:<br />
<br />
'''Gil-galad'''<br />
*[[Elves of Lindon]] (with [[Círdan]])<br />
*[[Elrond]]<br />
**[[Rivendell|Forces of Imladris]]<br />
*[[Oropher]] (with [[Thranduil]])<br />
**[[Elves of the Wood]] <br />
**[[Amdír]]<br />
***[[Elves of Lórinand]]<br />
<br />
'''Elendil'''<br />
*[[Men of Arnor]]<br />
**[[Isildur]]<br />
***[[Men of Arnor|Men of eastern Arnor]]<br />
***[[Men of the Vales of Anduin]]<br />
<br />
The army of the [[Dwarves of Khazad-dûm]] and the "beasts and birds" are not said to have belonged to either host. [[Anárion]] and the [[Gondorians]] are not said to have joined the Alliance; however, it is known that [[Anárion]] fought at the [[Siege of Barad-dûr]] where he met his end.<br />
<br />
==Background==<br />
Sauron had been contending with the [[Elves]] for mastery of Middle-earth for over 1200 years. Fearing the establishment of the powerful Realms in Exile by his hated enemies, the Númenóreans, and the ever-growing influence of Gil-galad in the Westlands, Sauron launched a pre-emptive attack on Gondor in {{SA|3429}}. <br />
<br />
The first strike of the War was against Isildur's fortress of Minas Ithil, which guarded Mordor's western borders. This Sauron captured, but Isildur and his family were able to escape by ship, sailing down the Anduin to its Mouths, and then by sea northward to seek out the High King Elendil. Meanwhile Sauron continued his assault, attempting to take Osgiliath, but Isildur's brother Anárion was prepared for him. The forces of Mordor were driven back through Ithilien, and held at the line of the Ephel Dúath; but Sauron gathered his strength again, and Anárion knew that unless help should come Gondor would fall.<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
In response, Elendil formed an alliance with [[Gil-galad]], the [[High King of the Noldor]], to repel Sauron's assault in {{SA|3430}}.<ref name=SA/> [[Durin's Folk]] also joined. It is said that Elendil bound the Alliance with an oath and invoked the name of [[Eru]] to witness it.<ref name=Cirion>{{UT|Cirion}}</ref><br />
<br />
It is said that the hosts of Gil-galad joined Elendil at [[Weathertop|Amon Sûl]]<ref>{{FR|Knife}}</ref> and marched towards Imladris in {{SA|3431}} where they camped for three years,<ref name=SA/> forging armour and making plans.{{fact}}<br />
[[File:Angel Falto - Elf Last Alliance.jpg|200px|thumb|left|''Last Alliance'' by [[:Category:Images by Angel Falto|Angel Falto]]]]<br />
Finally in {{SA|3434}} the armies crossed the [[Misty Mountains]] at various locations; Gil-galad and [[Isildur]] crossed the [[Pass of Imladris]] and the [[Pass of Caradhras]], and they were so large, that the [[Orcs of Mordor]] sent by Sauron to harry them, hid themselves.<ref>{{UT|Gladden}}</ref> Their forces were strengthened in the [[Vales of Anduin]] by Elves from [[Lothlórien]] and [[Mirkwood|Greenwood the Great]] under the command of [[Oropher]] and [[Amdír]] and by the Dwarves of [[Moria|Khazad-dûm]].<br />
<br />
When Sauron learned of their advance, he burned the former [[Brown Lands|Gardens]] of the [[Entwives]] to hinder them down the [[Anduin]].<ref>{{L|144}}</ref><br />
<br />
Soon they reached [[Dagorlad]] where they met and defeated Sauron's army in the [[Battle of Dagorlad]], breached the [[Morannon]] into [[Mordor]], and besieged the Dark Lord's fortress of [[Barad-dûr]]. The siege lasted for seven years, during which [[Anárion]] was slain. It culminated in Sauron leaving his fortress and engaging in direct combat.<ref name=SA/> <br />
<br />
Sauron was felled by Gil-galad and Elendil, who both perished in the assault themselves.<ref name=SA/> Isildur cut the Ring from Sauron's finger.<ref>{{FR|II2}}</ref> Bereft of the power of the One Ring, Sauron's spirit dissipated and would not take form again in Middle-earth for a thousand years.<br />
<br />
With the victory over Sauron and the death of Gil-galad and Elendil, the Last Alliance was dissolved. The remaining Númenóreans resettled their [[Realms in Exile|kingdoms]].<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[War of the Last Alliance]] (Military information)<br />
<br />
{{references}}<br />
[[Category:Armies]]<br />
[[Category:Arnorians]]<br />
[[Category:Gondorians]]<br />
[[Category:Elves]]<br />
[[de:Letztes Bündnis]]<br />
[[fr:encyclo:evenements:2a:derniere_alliance_des_elfes_et_des_hommes]]<br />
[[fi:Haltioiden ja Ihmisten Viimeinen Liitto]]</div>Kulid123https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Elves_of_L%C3%B3rinand&diff=317472Elves of Lórinand2020-08-09T21:27:33Z<p>Kulid123: Redirected page to Galadhrim</p>
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<div>#REDIRECT [[Galadhrim]]</div>Kulid123https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=C%C3%ADrdan&diff=317320Círdan2020-08-04T16:03:43Z<p>Kulid123: </p>
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<div>{{sindar infobox<br />
| name=Círdan<br />
| image=[[File:Jef Murray - Cirdan.jpg|250px]]<br />
| caption="Cirdan" by [[Jef Murray]]<br />
| pronun=[[Sindarin|S]], {{IPA|[ˈkiːrdan]}}<br />
| othernames=''Nówë'' ([[Telerin|T]])</br>''Ciryatan'' ([[Quenya|Q]])<br />
| titles=Lord of the Havens, Master of the Grey Havens, The Shipwright<br />
| position=<br />
| location=[[Falas]], [[Isle of Balar|Balar]], [[Grey Havens]] <br />
| affiliation=[[Union of Maedhros]], [[Last Alliance of Elves and Men]], [[White Council]], [[Host of the West (Arnor)|Host of the West]]<br />
| language=[[Quenya]], [[Sindarin]], [[Westron]]<br />
| birth=Between {{YT|1050}} and {{YT|1105|n}}<ref name="LastWritingsN">{{PM|Last}}, note 29</ref><br />
| birthlocation=[[Cuiviénen]]<ref name="LastWritingsN"/><br />
| rule={{YT|1149}} - {{FA|473}} ([[Falas]])<br>{{FA|473}} - {{FA|587}} ([[Isle of Balar|Balar]])<br>{{SA|1}} - Early [[Fourth Age]] ([[Grey Havens]])<br />
| sailedwest=Early [[Fourth Age]]<ref>{{FR|Prologue}}</ref><ref name=AppTale>{{App|Tale}}</ref><br />
| sailedfrom=[[Grey Havens]]<br />
| age=<br />
| notablefor=''[[#Significance|See below]]''<br />
| house=Kin of [[Elwë]], [[Olwë]], and [[Elmo]]<ref group="note">[[Elmo]] is a later addition by [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]] and is not in the published ''[[The Silmarillion]]''.</ref><ref name=Cirdan>{{PM|Last}}, "Círdan"</ref><br />
| parentage=<br />
| siblings=<br />
| spouse=<br />
| children=<br />
| gender=Male<br />
| height=Very tall<ref name="Havens" /><br />
| hair=Silver, bearded in old age<ref name="Havens" /><br />
| eyes=<br />
| clothing=<br />
| weapons=<br />
| steed=<br />
}}<br />
{{quote|As they came to the gates Círdan the Shipwright came forth to greet them. Very tall he was, and his beard was long, and he was grey and old, save that his eyes were keen as stars; and he looked at them and bowed, and said 'All is now ready.'|''[[The Return of the King]]'', "[[The Grey Havens]]"}}<br />
'''Círdan''' was one of the highest and most noble of the [[Sindar]],<ref name=Cirdan/> lord of the [[Falas]] during the [[First Age]], and Master of the [[Grey Havens]] through the [[Second Age|Second]], [[Third Age|Third]], and [[Fourth Age]]. He was one of the wisest and most foresighted of the [[Elves]], and by the [[Second Age]], one of the oldest known [[Elves]] in [[Middle-earth]], to remain so throughout that age and into the [[Fourth Age]] as well. He was also gifted [[Narya]], one of the [[Three Rings]], by [[Celebrimbor]] until he surrendered it to [[Gandalf]]. He was one of the last elves in Middle-earth, sailing West early in the [[Fourth Age]].<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
===Elder Days===<br />
====Great Journey====<br />
Círdan, born '''Nówë'''<ref name=Cirdan/> ([[Quenya|Q]], pron. {{IPA|[ˈnowe]}}), was kin of both [[Elwë]] and [[Olwë]], the kings of the [[Teleri]].<ref name=Cirdan/> Of shipbuilding, whether by their first homes at [[Cuiviénen]] or when the [[Teleri]] dwelt by the [[Sea of Rhûn]], Cirdan was said to have been one of the foremost and most skilled in the craft.<ref name="LastWritingsN"/> During the push westward, seeking to go to [[Valinor]], Nówë and his followers kept going where most of his kin fell away throughout the journey. Despite Nówë's great eagerness to see the [[light of Valinor]] (his "greatest desire"),<ref name=Cirdan/> he loyally searched for [[Elwë]] upon his disappearance. Because of this, the [[Teleri]] missed the first trip on [[Tol Eressëa]] to [[Valinor]], on which went their kin, the [[Noldor]] and the [[Vanyar]]. They took for their king [[Olwë]], and while waiting for [[Ulmo]] to return for them, Nówë headed the art of making and sailing ships, growing impatient. From this profession he took the name "Círdan" which means "shipwright" in [[Sindarin]]. The [[Teleri]] also developed a great friendship with [[Ossë]]. At the same time, although most of the Teleri had given up, Círdan sought [[Elwë]] longer and harder than most of his kin, partly because of his love for him and his allegiance.<ref name=Cirdan/><br />
<br />
Because of this, Círdan came to the shores too late during the second embarking of Eressëa.<ref name=Cirdan/> He came to the sands to find them departed, and as he stood forlorn he saw far-off a glimmer of light upon Eressëa as it vanished into the West over [[Belegaer]]. Then he cried aloud:<br />
{{blockquote|I will follow that light, alone if none will come with me, for the ship that I have been building is now almost ready.|Círdan, ''[[Last Writings]]''}}<br />
But into his heart came a message from the [[Valar]] which warned him that his ship could not endure the voyage, nor would any ship for many years, until the time when his work be of utmost worth, remembered in song. Círdan answered in obeyance, and saw a vision of [[Vingilot|a ship]].<ref name=Cirdan/><br />
<br />
====Lord of the Falas====<br />
=====Foundation and Return of the Noldor=====<br />
Círdan therefore remained with those Teleri who had chosen to stay east of the Sea for love of Ossë, and became their lord. The folk became known as the [[Falathrim]], "''people of the foaming shore''", and dwelt in the [[Falas]] by the sea. There they built many ships, and the cities [[Eglarest]] and [[Brithombar]], and found pearls which they sent to their overlord, King [[Thingol]] of [[Doriath]], who was once Elwë.<ref name="Sindar">{{S|Sindar}}</ref><br />
<br />
When [[Morgoth]] broke forth in the [[First Battle]] in {{YT|1497}}, Círdan was cut off and unable to come to Thingol’s aid. Further, although Thingol conquered with the help of the [[Laiquendi]], the Falathrim were driven to the very edge of the sea, where they were besieged for some months, until the [[Return of the Noldor]], when [[Fëanor]] struck [[Morgoth]] from the north. The siege of the Falas was abandoned as the [[Orcs]] were ordered northward to help their master, where they were all destroyed by [[Celegorm]]. The Falas were saved.<br />
<br />
Círdan attended the [[Mereth Aderthad]] with many of his people, where he swore oaths of friendship with the Noldor, and quite possibly met and befriended his later neighbors and friends [[Turgon]] and [[Finrod]]. Although Turgon eventually moved from [[Vinyamar]] to faraway [[Gondolin]], Círdan’s friendship with Finrod was lasting,<ref name="Belerian">{{S|Beleriand}}</ref> and Círdan became a close advisor to the Noldo. Círdan was, after all, a relative of his, being related (probably quite closely) to Olwë, Finrod’s grandfather.<br />
<br />
=====Later Battles of Beleriand=====<br />
When the tales began spreading (sown by [[Morgoth]]) of the [[Kinslaying of Alqualondë]], Círdan, being very wise even at that time, was greatly troubled, feeling that these rumors sprouted from great malice. Knowing the jealousy and dissention among the Noldor, he guessed that the malice was that of the kinslayers. Therefore he dutifully sent messages to his overlord Thingol, telling him all that he had heard. This resulted in the banishment of [[Quenya]] and greater strife between the Sindar and the Noldor.<br />
<br />
Círdan may have assisted in the [[Dagor Aglareb]], but this is unknown. Nevertheless he did not take part in the [[Dagor Bragollach]], as he was far away and not directly attacked, if even he had time to come to the aid of his allies. Nevertheless Círdan made up for his lack of participation in the [[Second Assault on Hithlum]], coming to the timely aid of [[Fingon]] when he was most needed. They sailed up the [[Firth of Drengist]], then struck the unsuspecting [[orcs]] from the west, giving victory to the elves.<ref name="Fingolfin">{{S|Fingolfin}}</ref><br />
<br />
After the [[Nirnaeth Arnoediad]], many fugitives came for shelter in the Falas. The Falathrim mariners harassed the orcs in guerilla attacks from the sea. But it was only a matter of time before [[Morgoth]] attacked. Then came the disastrous [[Fall of the Falas]]. Though both [[Brithombar]] and [[Eglarest]] were strong, with mighty walls, both fell one at a time due to the impressive array of siege-masters Morgoth had in his train. The elves fought valiantly, but the walls were broken and most of the Falathrim killed or enslaved. [[Barad Nimras]] was cast down, and the Falas laid to waste. But Círdan and some of his followers escaped by sea, and he took with him [[Gil-galad]], one of the last of the princes of the Noldor. They came to the [[Isle of Balar]] and founded a new kingdom, but kept a foothold at the [[Mouths of Sirion]], keeping ships hidden in the reeds there, making a refuge for all who fled there.<ref name="Fifth">{{S|Fifth}}</ref><br />
<br />
====Refuge in Balar====<br />
Turgon, receiving the dreadful news, requested that Círdan send mariners to seek [[Valinor]] and the aid of the [[Valar]]. Círdan built seven swift ships, and sent them westward. None returned, save for only one mariner of the [[Gondolindrim]]. The way to the West was closed.<ref name="Fifth"/>{{Pronounce|Cirdan.mp3|Ardamir}}<br />
<br />
Eventually Círdan served as messenger, when [[Ulmo]] delivered him a message for [[Orodreth]], warning of the doom of [[Nargothrond]], and ordering him to shut his gates and cast down the bridge. The warning went unheeded, resulting of the [[Fall of Nargothrond]].<br />
<br />
After news came to Balar of the [[Fall of Gondolin]], [[Gil-galad]] was proclaimed [[High King of the Noldor]]. Círdan soon after became a fast friend of the young half-elf [[Eärendil]] son of [[Tuor]] and [[Idril]], who had grown up essentially under his shadow, and was apprenticed to him. Círdan aided Eärendil in building the ship [[Vingilot]], giving him advice and help. Círdan doubtless remembered his vision, and this ship was indeed a fulfillment of it.<ref name=Cirdan/><br />
<br />
Círdan and Gil-galad came with their armies from the Isle of Balar too late to prevent the disastrous [[Third Kinslaying]], when the [[Mouths of Sirion|Havens of Sirion]] were ambushed and many fell. But Eärendil was not there, rather on a voyage, and the [[Silmaril]] of [[Beren]] and [[Lúthien]] had been spirited away by [[Elwing]] his wife. Thus, wielding the Silmaril, Eärendil came to [[Valinor]] and found the forgiveness of the [[Valar]].<ref name="Earendil">{{S|Earendil}}</ref> From that time on, Círdan was given foresight surpassing that of any of the elves,<ref name=Cirdan/> perhaps some special grace of the Valar for his deeds in this world-changing episode (like the return of [[Glorfindel]], who also contributed significantly). After the [[War of Wrath]], Círdan, heeding the bidding of the Valar long ago, once more obediently abstained from finding his heart’s desire and going West, but with a small following remained in [[Middle-earth]].<br />
<br />
===Second Age===<br />
The continents were shifted, but Círdan still took up his abode by the sea, at the [[Grey Havens]], which the Elves built in the newly-formed [[Gulf of Lune]] whence the [[Eldar]] could sail the [[Straight Road]], but most of them were unwilling at first to forsake the lands they fought in and preferred to linger there.<ref name=rings>{{S|Rings}}</ref> There he welcomed the friendly and then-unfallen [[Númenóreans]], making friends with [[Vëantur]], chief of the mariners of [[Tar-Elendil]], and later teaching [[Tar-Aldarion|Aldarion]] his grandson of ships (both management and construction) and seaside architecture,<ref name="Wife">{{UT|Wife}}</ref> doubtless being the foremost authority on both.<br />
<br />
Círdan advised against the creation of the [[Rings of Power]] when [[Sauron|Annatar]] came, but, like Galadriel, his counsel went unheeded in the midst of the joy and enthusiasm of the [[Eregion]]-elves, and especially [[Celebrimbor]]. Nevertheless, when the [[Three Rings]] escaped the [[Sack of Eregion]], Celebrimbor had appointed him to inherit one of them. He received [[Narya]], the Ring of Fire.<ref name="rings"/> [[Sauron]], having revealed himself in the [[Sack of Eregion|destruction of Eregion]] and empowered by [[the One Ring]] he had forged, [[sack of Eregion|invaded]] [[Eriador]] in the same blow; however he dared not attempt to take [[Mithlond]] or [[Lindon]], fearing they were too strong and because they had the help of the [[Númenóreans]].<ref name="rings"/><br />
<br />
Círdan joined the [[Last Alliance of Elves and Men]], and fought as the lieutenant of [[Gil-galad]]. Many fell there, including [[Gil-galad]] and [[Elendil]]. After the battle, with Elrond, he urged [[Isildur]], Elendil’s first-born, to throw the captured One Ring into [[Orodruin]], where it would be unmade, but Isildur refused.<ref name="rings"/><ref name="Council">{{FR|Council}}</ref> <br />
<br />
===Third Age===<br />
After the [[War of the Last Alliance]] and the death of Gil-galad, Cirdan rule over Lindon from the [[Grey Havens]]. For more than a thousand years they went undisturbed,<ref name="AppB2">{{App|B2}}</ref> but at around {{TA|1050}}, a shadow began to lengthen. Though many deemed that Sauron was defeated forever, for the first time in many centuries some evil was stirring, and awake. It was at this time the [[Istari]], sent by the [[Valar]], came. He was the most foresighted of all of them, and alone knew the true purpose of the Istari.<ref name="AppB2"/> He also saw deep into the future of Gandalf, and gave him [[Narya]], his greatest possession and one of the most secret and sought-after treasures in the world.<ref name="rings"/><br />
{{blockquote|Take this ring, Master… for your labours will be heavy; but it will support you in the weariness that you have taken upon yourself. For this is the Ring of Fire, and with it you may rekindle hearts in a world that grows chill. But as for me, my heart is with the [[Belegaer|Sea]], and I will dwell by the grey shores until the [[Last Ship|last ship]] sails. I will await you.|Círdan, ''[[Appendix B]]''}}<br />
<br />
Throughout the [[Angmar War]], the Elves of Lindon under [[Cirdan]] supported [[Arnor]]. They assisted [[Arveleg]] and the men of [[Cardolan]] drive off the [[Hill-men]] from the [[Weather Hills]]. Later, with Círdan’s help, Arveleg's young son, [[Araphor]], drove [[Angmar]]'s armies from [[Fornost]] and the [[North Downs]]. Combining forces with [[Rivendell]], and the [[Galadhrim]] who joined them from beyond the [[Misty Mountains]], they subdued Angmar for some time.<ref name=eriador>{{App|Eriador}}</ref><br />
<br />
In {{TA|1975}}, Elven sailors from Lindon brought a ship to [[Forochel]] to rescue the lost king [[Arvedui]]. The crew endured a perilous journey, but Arvedui rashly attempted to return that winter, and all aboard perished. The next year, Círdan and the elves [[Host of the West (Arnor)|joined]] with the [[Dúnedain]] in the victorious [[Battle of Fornost]].<ref name=eriador/><ref>{{App|Gondor}}</ref> Later, Círdan took control of the abandoned [[palantíri|Elendil Stone]] on [[Emyn Beraid]], which could gaze into the [[Tol Eressëa|lost west]] and was without link to the other ''palantíri''.<ref name="Palantiri">{{UT|Palantiri}}</ref><br />
<br />
Nothing more is mentioned of his actions until the [[War of the Ring]] in {{TA|3018}} and later {{TA|3021}}. [[Galdor of the Havens|Galdor]] was his messenger to [[Rivendell]] and attended the [[Council of Elrond]], speaking with authority on his lord’s behalf.<ref name="Council"/><br />
<br />
The last mention of Círdan came with the end of the Third Age. When the Ringbearers came to Mithlond, Círdan greeted them before the gates. Although [[Gandalf]], [[Galadriel]], and [[Elrond]] passed west on the [[White Ship|ship]] he had built for them, Círdan seems to have remained for a time. <br />
<br />
===Later History===<br />
Círdan maintained the haven at least into the [[Fourth Age]], but it was recognized that eventually, its purpose would reach an end when no more Elves wished to cross the [[Sea]]. At that time, Círdan would abandon the Grey Havens and finally travel the [[Straight Road]] himself. Early in the Fourth Age, he sailed west aboard the [[Last Ship]] with [[Celeborn]] and the last [[High Elves]], but when he did so, he took with him the last living memory of the [[Elder Days]] in [[Middle-earth]].<ref>{{FR|Prologue}}</ref><ref>{{App|Tale}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
''Círdan'' is [[Sindarin]] for "Shipwright".<ref>{{PE|Eldarin}}, p. 27</ref> The [[Quenya]] cognate was '''''Ciryatan''''' (pron. {{IPA|[ˈkirʲatan]}}),<ref>{{S|Appendix}}, entry "kir-''</ref> although it is never applied to him, but to [[Tar-Ciryatan]].<br />
<br />
==Characteristics==<br />
In the last years of the Third Age, Círdan appeared very old save for his eyes which "''were keen as stars''", wearing a long beard.<ref name="Havens">{{RK|Havens}}</ref> Likely, he had grown a beard since having reached his [[Elven life cycle#"Cycles of life" and aging|third cycle of life]].<ref>{{VT|41b}}, p. 9</ref><br />
<br />
==Significance==<br />
Círdan had a profound effect upon the course of Middle-earth history. He was a loyal servant and friend of [[Elwë]], sacrificing his heart’s desire in search of him.<ref name=Cirdan/> This loyalty and sense of duty shows up numerous times over the course of history, including his second sacrifice in his submission to the [[Valar]],<ref name=Cirdan/> and his sending of troubling and potentially destructive rumors to his overlord Thingol. He was also the most foresighted of the elves, a gift from the Valar.<ref name="AppB2"/><ref name=Cirdan/> He conceivably saved Elven civilization with the founding of the havens at the [[Mouths of Sirion]],<ref name="Fifth"/> and with the fostering of both [[Gil-galad]] and [[Eärendil]].<ref name="Earendil"/> His precious gift of [[Narya]] to [[Gandalf]] was also timely and valuable.<ref name="AppB2"/> He was clearly favored by [[Ulmo]], seen by the number of messages passed through him.<br />
<br />
== Genealogy ==<br />
{{familytree/start}}<br />
{{familytree| | | | | |F|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|7| |}}<br />
{{familytree| |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|.| | | | |:| |}}<br />
{{familytree| THI | | OLW | | ELM | | | CÍR |THI=[[Thingol]]<br/><small>''d. {{FA|502}}''</small>|OLW=[[Olwë]]<br/><small>''b. {{YT}}''</small>|ELM=[[Elmo]]<br/><small>''unknown''</small>|CÍR='''CÍRDAN'''<br/><small>''b. {{YT}}''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree/end}}<br />
<br />
==Portrayal in adaptations==<br />
{{Gallery<br />
|title=Círdan in adaptations<br />
|height=150<br />
|width=250<br />
|lines=2<br />
|File:Decipher - Círdan.jpg|Círdan in [[The Lord of the Rings Trading Card Game]]<br />
|File:SBG - Cirdan.jpeg|Círdan in [[The Lord of the Rings Strategy Battle Game]]<br />
|File:The Lord of the Rings Online - Círdan.jpg|Círdan in ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]''<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''2001: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]'':'''<br />
:His role as lieutenant of Gil-galad is given to [[Elrond]] instead (Elrond was Gil-galad's herald in the books). He does, however, appear very briefly in Galadriel's Monologue at the start of the movie, in the very brief shot of the three elven ringbearers.<br />
<br />
'''2003: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]]'':'''<br />
:Círdan briefly appears as Frodo and Bilbo make their trip to the lands of the West. <br />
<br />
'''2007: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''<br />
:Círdan appears in several flashbacks depicting the the [[War of the Last Alliance]].<br />
<br />
{{notes}}<br />
{{references}}<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Cirdan}}<br />
[[Category:Characters in The Lord of the Rings]]<br />
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]<br />
[[Category:First Age characters]]<br />
[[Category:Second Age characters]]<br />
[[Category:Third Age characters]]<br />
[[Category:Fourth Age characters]]<br />
[[Category:Sindar]]<br />
[[Category:Sindarin names]]<br />
[[de:Círdan]]<br />
[[fr:encyclo:personnages:elfes:teleri:sindar:cirdan]]<br />
[[fi:Círdan]]</div>Kulid123https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=E%C3%A4rwen&diff=316110Eärwen2020-06-27T20:29:23Z<p>Kulid123: Small edits</p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
{{teleri infobox<br />
| name=Eärwen<br />
| image=[[File:Elena Kukanova - The Swan-Maiden of Alqualonde.jpeg|250px]]<br />
| caption="The Swan-Maiden of Alqualonde" by [[:Category:Images by Elena Kukanova|Elena Kukanova]]<br />
| pronun=<br />
| othernames=<br />
| titles=<br />
| position=<br />
| location=[[Alqualondë]]<br />
| affiliation=<br />
| language=[[Telerin]]<br />
| birth=Before {{YT|1280}}<br />
| birthlocation=<br />
| rule=<br />
| death=<br />
| deathlocation=<br />
| age=<br />
| notablefor=<br />
| house=<br />
| parentage=[[Olwë]]<br />
| siblings=Unnamed brothers<ref group="note">She is said to have at least two brothers according to a passing reference in ''[[The Silmarillion]]'', whose names are not mentioned in the narrative. According to ''[[The Lost Road and Other Writings]]'', one of them is named [[Elulindo]].</ref><ref name=Princes>{{S|Princes}}</ref><ref>{{LR|A1}}</ref><br />
| spouse=[[Finarfin]]<br />
| children=[[Finrod]], [[Angrod]], [[Aegnor]], and [[Galadriel]]<br />
| gender=Female<br />
| height=<br />
| hair=Starlike silver<ref>{{UT|Galadriel}}</ref><br />
| eyes=<br />
| clothing=<br />
| weapons=<br />
| steed=<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Eärwen''' ([[Quenya|Q]] "sea-maiden", pron. {{IPA|[eˈarwen]}}), known as the "swan-maiden of [[Alqualondë]]", was the daughter of [[Olwë]], lord of the [[Teleri]].<ref name=Princes/> <br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
In {{YT|1280}}, she married [[Finarfin]], the great prince of the [[House of Finwë]].<ref name=Princes/> She became the mother of [[Finrod]], [[Angrod]], [[Aegnor]], and [[Galadriel]].<ref group="note">[[Orodreth]] appears as one of Eärwen's sons in ''[[The Silmarillion]]''. In [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien's]] writings, however, he was clearly marked as [[Angrod]]'s son. [[Christopher Tolkien]], the editor of ''The Silmarillion'', later admitted the mistake.</ref><ref name=Princes/> Being children of one of the [[Sea-elves]], they had a love of the sea and a longing for distant places, and it was in part due to this inheritance that all five of Eärwen's children chose to return to [[Middle-earth]], [[Exile of the Noldor|exiling]] themselves from [[Valinor]].<ref name=Teleri>{{PM|Case}}, p. 336</ref> Because of their [[Teleri|Telerin]] blood, Eärwen's children were well received in [[Doriath]], the realm of her father's elder brother, [[Thingol]].<ref name=Index>{{S|Index}}, "Eärwen"</ref> She was said to be great friends with [[Anairë]], the wife of [[Fingolfin]], her husband's older brother.<ref name=PM>{{PM|XI4}}</ref>{{rp|344}} Eärwen stayed in [[Aman]] after the [[Flight of the Noldor]]. <br />
<br />
== Etymology ==<br />
Her name means "Maiden of the Sea" in [[Quenya]] (from ''[[eär]]'' = "sea" and ''[[wende|-wen]]'' = "maiden").<br />
{{pronounce|Quenya - Eärwen.mp3|Gilgamesh}}<br />
<br />
== Genealogy ==<br />
<div style="overflow-x: scroll; overflow-y: hidden; border: 1px solid #AAAAAA; padding: 3px; background: #EEEEEE;"><br />
{{familytree/start}}<br />
{{familytree| MIR |y|~|~|~|~|~|~| FIN |y| IND | | | | | | | | | | | | OLW | | | | | | | |MIR=[[Míriel]]</br><small>''d. {{YT|1170}}''</small>|FIN=[[Finwë]]</br><small>''d. {{YT|1495}}''</small>|IND=[[Indis]]</br><small>''b. {{YT}}''</small>|OLW=[[Olwë]]</br><small>''b. {{YT}}''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree| | | |!| | | |,|-|-|-|v|-|^|-|v|-|-|-|.| | | | | | | |,|-|^|-|.| | | | | | |}}<br />
{{familytree| | | FEA | | FDS | | FNG | | IRM | | FRF |~|~|y|~|~| EAW | | SON | | | | | |FEA=[[Fëanor]]</br><small>''{{YT|1169}} - {{YT|1497|n}}''</small>|FDS=[[Findis]]</br><small>''b. {{YT}}''</small>|FNG=[[Fingolfin]]</br><small>''{{YT|1190}} - {{FA|456}}''</small>|IRM=[[Írimë]]</br><small>''b. {{YT}}''</small>|FRF=[[Finarfin]]</br><small>''b. {{YT|1230}}''</small>|EAW='''EÄRWEN'''</br><small>''b. {{YT}}''</small>|SON=''unknown sons''}}<br />
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |,|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|^|-|-|-|v|-|-|.| | | | | | | |}}<br />
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | FRD | | ANG |y| ELD | | AEG | | GAL |y| CEL | |FRD=[[Finrod]]</br><small>''{{YT|1300}} - {{FA|465}}''</small>|ANG=[[Angrod]]</br><small>''d. {{FA|455}}''</small>|AEG=[[Aegnor]]</br><small>''d. {{FA|455}}''</small>|GAL=[[Galadriel]]</br><small>''b. {{YT|1362}}''</small>|ELD=[[Eldalótë]]</br><small>''b. {{YT}}''</small>|CEL=[[Celeborn]]</br><small>''b. {{FA}}''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | |}}<br />
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ORO | | | | | | ELR |y| CLB | | | |ORO=[[Orodreth]]</br><small>''d. {{FA|495}}''</small>|CLB=[[Celebrían]]</br><small>''b. {{SA}}''</small>|ELR=[[Elrond]]</br><small>''b. {{FA|532}}''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |,|-|^|-|.| | | |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|.| | |}}<br />
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | GIL | | FIL | | ELL | | ELO | | ARW | |GIL=[[Gil-galad]]</br><small>''d. {{SA|3441}}''</small>|FIL=[[Finduilas]]</br><small>''d. {{FA|495}}''</small>|ELL=[[Elladan]]</br><small>''b. {{TA|130}}''</small>|ELO=[[Elrohir]]</br><small>''b. {{TA|130}}''</small>|ARW=[[Arwen]]</br><small>''{{TA|241}} - {{FoA|121}}''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree/end}}<br />
</div><br />
<br />
{{notes}}<br />
{{references}}<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Earwen}}<br />
[[Category:Falmari]]<br />
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]<br />
[[Category:First Age characters]]<br />
[[Category:Quenya names]]<br />
[[de:Earwen]]<br />
[[fr:encyclo:personnages:elfes:teleri:falmari:earwen]]<br />
[[fi:Eärwen]]</div>Kulid123https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Finarfin&diff=316108Finarfin2020-06-27T19:58:39Z<p>Kulid123: Small edits</p>
<hr />
<div>{{noldor infobox<br />
| name=Finarfin<br />
| image=[[File:Elena Kukanova - Kind of the Valinorian Noldor.jpg|250px]]<br />
| caption="King of the Valinorian Noldor" by [[:Category:Images by Elena Kukanova|Elena Kukanova]]<br />
| pronun=[[Sindarin|S]], {{IPA|[fiˈnarfin]}}<br />
| othernames=''Arafinwë'' ([[Quenya|Q]],[[Father-name|fn]]), ''Ingoldo'' ([[Quenya|Q]], [[Amilessë|mn]])<br />
| titles=<br />
| position=<br />
| location=[[Tirion]]<br />
| affiliation=[[Host of Valinor]]<br />
| language=[[Quenya]], [[Telerin]]<ref name=Teleri/><br />
| birth={{YT|1230}}<br />
| birthlocation=[[Tirion]]<br />
| rule=From {{YT|1496}}<br />
| death=<br />
| deathlocation=<br />
| age=<br />
| notablefor=<br />
| house=[[House of Finwë]], founded the [[House of Finarfin]]<br />
| parentage=[[Finwë]] and [[Indis]]<br />
| siblings=[[Fëanor]] (half-brother), [[Findis]], [[Fingolfin]] and [[Írimë]]<br />
| spouse=[[Eärwen]]<br />
| children=[[Finrod]], [[Angrod]], [[Aegnor]] and [[Galadriel]]<br />
| gender=Male<br />
| height=<br />
| hair=Golden<br />
| eyes=<br />
| clothing=<br />
| weapons=<br />
| steed=<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Finarfin''' was the youngest child and son of [[Finwë]] and [[Indis]] who after the [[Flight of the Noldor]], remained in [[Tirion]] and ruled the [[Noldor]] who remained in [[Aman]].<ref name=Index>{{S|Index}}, ''Finarfin''</ref> Of all the [[Noldor|Noldorin]] lords and ladies, he and his [[House of Finarfin|descendants]] had golden hair, derived from his mother [[Indis]], who was a [[Vanyar|Vanyarin Elf]].<ref name=Index/><br />
<br />
Of the sons of [[Finwë]], Finarfin was the fairest and wisest.<ref name=Princes/> He resembled his mother's kin in mind and body, having the golden hair of the [[Vanyar]], their noble and gentle temper, and their great love of the [[Valar]].<ref name=Teleri>{{PM|Case}}, p. 336</ref> As well as he could, he stayed away from the conflicts among his brothers and their estrangement from the [[Valar]].<ref name=Teleri/> He often sought peace among the [[Falmari]], whose language he learned, due to the conflicts of the [[Noldor]].<ref name=Teleri/> Afterwards, he was a friend of the sons of [[Olwë]], lord of the [[Teleri]], and had to wife [[Eärwen]], the swan-maiden of [[Alqualondë]], [[Olwë]]'s daughter.<ref name=Princes/><br />
<br />
==History==<br />
Finarfin was born in [[Valinor]] in {{YT|1230}}.<ref>{{MR|P2j}}, p. 92</ref> He was the youngest of the five children of [[Finwë]], the first [[King of the Noldor]]. Finarfin's mother was [[Indis]], [[Finwë]]'s second wife.<ref name=Princes>{{S|Princes}}</ref> Finarfin's full siblings were [[Findis]], [[Fingolfin]], and [[Írimë]] while his half-brother was the great [[Elves|Elf]]-lord [[Fëanor]]. [[Fëanor]] disapproved of his father's second marriage and had little love for [[Indis]] and her children, although Finarfin remained far from those disputes.<ref>{{S|Feanor}}</ref><br />
<br />
In {{YT|1280|n}}, Finarfin married [[Eärwen]], daughter of [[Olwë]], lord of the [[Teleri]].<ref>{{MR|P2j}}, p. 92</ref> They had four children: [[Finrod]], [[Angrod]], [[Aegnor]] and [[Galadriel]].<ref group="note">[[Orodreth]] appears as one of Finarfin's sons in ''[[The Silmarillion]]''. In [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien's]] writings, however, he was clearly marked as [[Angrod]]'s son. [[Christopher Tolkien]], the editor of ''The Silmarillion'', later admitted the mistake.</ref><ref>{{PM|Gil-galad}}, pp. 349-351</ref> <br />
[[File:Maureval - The War of Wrath.jpg|thumb|left|Maureval - ''The War of Wrath'']]<br />
In {{YT|1495|n}},<ref>{{MR|P2j}}, p. 100</ref> [[Morgoth|Melkor]] destroyed the [[Two Trees]],<ref>{{S|Darkening}}</ref> murdered Finarfin's father [[Finwë]], and stole the [[Silmarils]] of [[Fëanor]]. Enraged, [[Fëanor]] came to the city of [[Tirion|Tirion upon Túna]] and convinced many of his kinsmen to leave [[Valinor]] for [[Middle-earth]], to recover the [[Silmarils]] and defeat [[Morgoth]]. [[Fëanor]] was a charismatic speaker, but Finarfin and his brother were unmoved. However, they too followed their half-brother, more for their children who eagerly accepted his cause.<br />
<br />
The [[Noldor]] followed [[Fëanor]] in groups, and [[Fingolfin]] and Finarfin led the last host. As such, they did not participate in the [[First Kinslaying]] or know its true cause at the time. While they were travelling up the coast of [[Araman]], the [[Valar|Vala]] [[Mandos]] appeared and pronounced the [[Doom of Mandos|Doom of the Noldor]]. Finarfin, dismayed by the prophecy and already contemplating return because of the tragedy of the Kinslaying of his wife's people at [[Alqualondë]], returned to [[Valinor]] with a tenth of all the [[Noldor]]; his children, though, would not forsake the sons of [[Fingolfin]] (with whom they had great freidnship with) and went on.<ref>{{S|Flight}}</ref> <br />
<br />
Eventually, Finarfin came to [[Middle-earth]], leading the [[Noldor]] of [[Aman]] in the [[War of Wrath]], at the end of the [[First Age]].<ref>{{S|Earendil}}</ref> <br />
<br />
== Etymology ==<br />
{{Pronounce|Finarfin.mp3|Ardamir}}<br />
Finarfin's [[father-name]] was '''''Arafinwë''''' ([[Quenya|Q]]:"Noble [son of] Finwë", pron. [[Exilic Quenya|EQ]] {{IPA|[ˌaraˈfinwe]}},[[Vanyarin|V]] {{IPA|[ˌaraˈɸinwe]}}).<ref>{{PM|Finwe}}, p.344</ref> His [[Amilessë|mother-name]] was '''''Ingoldo''''' meaning "''the Noldo'', one eminent in the kindred", which also became the mother-name of Finrod; notice that in an earlier text "Ingoldo" was the mother-name of ''Fingolfin'' whereas Finarfin's was "'''Ingalaurë'''" ("[[Vanyar|Inga]]-gold", pron.{{IPA|[ˌiŋɡaˈlaʊ̯re]}}).<ref>{{PM|Finwe}}, p. 360, note 30</ref><ref>{{MR|P3II3e}} #22</ref><br />
<br />
The name ''Finarfin'' is the [[Sindarin]] version of his father-name.<br />
<br />
Finarfin is rare among the [[High Elves]] who remained in the [[Undying Lands]] in that he is known primarily by his name in Sindarin, a language indigenous to [[Middle-earth]]. Other such Amanya High Elves who stayed behind are primarily known by their [[Quenya]] or [[Telerin]] names. But both of Finarfin's brothers went into Exile, with the result that both were largely remembered by Sindarin names, and also Finarfin's name is structured very similarly to that of his brother [[Fingolfin]].<br />
<br />
== Genealogy ==<br />
<div style="overflow-x: scroll; overflow-y: hidden; border: 1px solid #AAAAAA; padding: 3px; background: #EEEEEE;"><br />
{{familytree/start}}<br />
{{familytree| MIR |y|~|~|~|~|~|~| FIN |y| IND | | | | | | | | | | | | OLW | | | | | | | |MIR=[[Míriel]]</br><small>''d. {{YT|1170}}''</small>|FIN=[[Finwë]]</br><small>''d. {{YT|1495}}''</small>|IND=[[Indis]]</br><small>''b. {{YT}}''</small>|OLW=[[Olwë]]</br><small>''b. {{YT}}''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree| | | |!| | | |,|-|-|-|v|-|^|-|v|-|-|-|.| | | | | | | |,|-|^|-|.| | | | | | |}}<br />
{{familytree| | | FEA | | FDS | | FNG | | IRM | | FRF |~|~|y|~|~| EAW | | SON | | | | | |FEA=[[Fëanor]]</br><small>''{{YT|1169}} - {{YT|1497|n}}''</small>|FDS=[[Findis]]</br><small>''b. {{YT}}''</small>|FNG=[[Fingolfin]]</br><small>''{{YT|1190}} - {{FA|456}}''</small>|IRM=[[Írimë]]</br><small>''b. {{YT}}''</small>|FRF='''FINARFIN'''</br><small>''b. {{YT|1230}}''</small>|EAW=[[Eärwen]]</br><small>''b. {{YT}}''</small>|SON=''unknown sons''}}<br />
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |,|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|^|-|-|-|v|-|-|.| | | | | | | |}}<br />
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | FRD | | ANG |y| ELD | | AEG | | GAL |y| CEL | |FRD=[[Finrod]]</br><small>''{{YT|1300}} - {{FA|465}}''</small>|ANG=[[Angrod]]</br><small>''d. {{FA|455}}''</small>|AEG=[[Aegnor]]</br><small>''d. {{FA|455}}''</small>|GAL=[[Galadriel]]</br><small>''b. {{YT|1362}}''</small>|ELD=[[Eldalótë]]</br><small>''b. {{YT}}''</small>|CEL=[[Celeborn]]</br><small>''b. {{FA}}''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | |}}<br />
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ORO | | | | | | ELR |y| CLB | | | |ORO=[[Orodreth]]</br><small>''d. {{FA|495}}''</small>|CLB=[[Celebrían]]</br><small>''b. {{SA}}''</small>|ELR=[[Elrond]]</br><small>''b. {{FA|532}}''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |,|-|^|-|.| | | |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|.| | |}}<br />
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | GIL | | FIL | | ELL | | ELO | | ARW | |GIL=[[Gil-galad]]</br><small>''d. {{SA|3441}}''</small>|FIL=[[Finduilas]]</br><small>''d. {{FA|495}}''</small>|ELL=[[Elladan]]</br><small>''b. {{TA|130}}''</small>|ELO=[[Elrohir]]</br><small>''b. {{TA|130}}''</small>|ARW=[[Arwen]]</br><small>''{{TA|241}} - {{FoA|121}}''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree/end}}<br />
</div><br />
<br />
== Other versions of the legendarium ==<br />
Finarfin was called ''[[Finrod]]'' in earlier versions of the [[Legendarium]], and his son was named '''''[[Inglor Felagund]]'''''. As such he appears in the 1st edition of ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' as ''Finrod''. This was changed in later editions, but not all references to '''Inglor''' were removed (see [[Gildor|Gildor '''Inglor'''ion]]). '''''Ingalaurë''''' was probably the Quenya version of ''Inglor''.<br />
<br />
In some early works, his name is spelled "Finarphin".<ref>{{MR|P4}}</ref> An early version of [[Appendix F]], mentions the "royal house of Finarphir" which was corrected in later editions.<ref>The form "Finarphir" has an entry in {{HM|Guide}}</ref> <br />
{{references|note}}<br />
{{seq-start}}<br />
{{seq-head<br />
|race=noldor<br />
|house=[[House of Finwë]]<br />
|born={{YT|1230}}<br />
|died=<br />
}}<br />
{{seq<br />
|pvac=<br />
|prev=[[Fëanor]]<br />
|list=[[King of the Noldor|King]] over the [[Noldor]] in [[Aman]]<br />
|dates=From {{YT|1496}} <br />
|nvac=None<br />
|next=Incumbent<br />
}}<br />
{{seq-end}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]<br />
[[Category:House of Finwë]]<br />
[[Category:Noldor]]<br />
[[Category:House of Finarfin| ]]<br />
[[Category:Sindarin names]]<br />
[[Category:Masculine names]]<br />
[[Category:First Age characters]]<br />
<br />
[[de:Finarfin]]<br />
[[fi:Finarfin]]<br />
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/elfes/noldor/finarfin]]</div>Kulid123https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Talk:Lord_of_And%C3%BAni%C3%AB&diff=316106Talk:Lord of Andúnië2020-06-27T16:55:53Z<p>Kulid123: </p>
<hr />
<div>==House==<br />
In the Unfinished Tales, there's a quote: "Only the Ring of Barahir father of Beren One-hand survived the Downfall; for it was given by Tar-Elendil to his daughter Silmarien and was preserved in the '''House of the Lords of Andunië''', of whom the last was Elendil the Faithful who fled from the wrack of Númenor to Middle-earth." (my emphasis) So, should I create a seperate page for the "House of the Lords of Andunië" or should I include a small section in this article and an infobox for the house? Please advise. Just a thought.--[[User:Kulid123|Kulid123]] 02:23, 23 June 2020 (UTC)<br />
<br />
:I don't think there's any need for a separate article --{{User:Mith/sig}} 10:38, 27 June 2020 (UTC)<br />
<br />
::Ok that's perfectly fine. Should I include a small blurb in the article for the House? Let me know.--[[User:Kulid123|Kulid123]] 16:55, 27 June 2020 (UTC)</div>Kulid123https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Talk:D%C3%BAnedain_of_Arnor&diff=316105Talk:Dúnedain of Arnor2020-06-27T16:54:29Z<p>Kulid123: </p>
<hr />
<div>==Arnorians?==<br />
<br />
I just thought i'd mention, the term "arnorians" was never used in any of LOTR/tolkien works. i think we should delete all traces of this term and replace it with terms acc referened to these people, not "arnorians" --[[User:Stone|Stone]] 01:00, 24 April 2019 (UTC)<br />
<br />
== Content ==<br />
<br />
The problem with having moved this article without changing the content is the content is actually about the Dúnedain and their descendants. It doesn't really cover the non-Dúnedain residents of Arnor which the name suggests the article should. --{{User:Mith/sig}} 13:05, 27 June 2020 (UTC)<br />
<br />
:Yea, unlike the Gondorians page, the info we have about the Men of Arnor is almost entirely synonymous with the info about the Northern Dunedain. That's why I included that blurb in the beginning paragraph. But I tried to find as much info as possible about the non-Dunedain residents of Arnor. It would be helpful if others also tried to find some info about the non-Dunedain people of Arnor.--[[User:Kulid123|Kulid123]] 16:54, 27 June 2020 (UTC)</div>Kulid123https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=F%C3%ABanor&diff=316074Fëanor2020-06-27T03:42:45Z<p>Kulid123: Small edits</p>
<hr />
<div>{{noldor infobox<br />
| name=Fëanor<br />
| image=[[File:Catherine Karina Chmiel - Feanor.jpg|250px]]<br />
| caption="Feanor" by [[Catherine Karina Chmiel]]<br />
| pronun=[[Sindarin|S]], {{IPA|[ˈfe.anor]}}<br />
| othernames=''[[Curufinwë]]'' ([[Quenya|Q]], [[Father-name|fn]]), ''Fëanáro'' ([[Quenya|Q]], [[Amilessë|mn]])<br />
| titles=[[King of the Noldor]] <br />
| position=<br />
| location=[[Tirion]], [[Formenos]]<br />
| affiliation=[[Oath of Fëanor]]<br />
| language=[[Quenya]]<br />
| birth={{YT|1169}}<br />
| birthlocation=[[Tirion]]<br />
| rule={{YT|1495}} – {{YT|1497|n}}<br />
| death={{YT|1497}}<br />
| deathlocation=Slopes of [[Ered Wethrin]]<br />
| age=328 [[Years of the Trees|Y.T.]]/3142 [[Years of the Sun|years]]<br />
| notablefor=Created the [[Silmarils]]<br />
| house=[[House of Finwë]], founded the [[House of Fëanor]]<br />
| parentage=[[Finwë]] & [[Míriel]]<br />
| siblings=[[Findis]], [[Fingolfin]], [[Írimë]], and [[Finarfin]] (half-siblings)<br />
| spouse=[[Nerdanel]]<br />
| children=[[Maedhros]], [[Maglor]], [[Celegorm]], [[Caranthir]], [[Curufin]], [[Amrod]], and [[Amras]]<br />
| gender=Male<br />
| height=<br />
| hair=Black<br />
| eyes=<br />
| clothing=<br />
| weapons=Sword<br />
| steed=<br />
}}<br />
<br />
{{quote|For Fëanor was made the mightiest in all parts of body and mind: in valour, in endurance, in beauty, in understanding, in skill, in strength and subtlety alike: of all the Children of Ilúvatar, and a bright flame was in him.|''[[Quenta Silmarillion]]'', "[[Of the Sun and Moon and the Hiding of Valinor]]"}}<br />
<br />
'''Fëanor''' was the eldest and most beloved son of [[Finwë]] and succeeded him to the [[King of the Noldor|Kingship of the Noldor]]. <br />
<br />
Being the greatest of the [[Noldor]],<ref name="SIndex"/> he had the greatest skill of word and hand, was a renowned craftsman, gem-smith, and warrior. His most famous deed was the creation of the [[Silmarils]], but he also created the ''[[palantíri]]'',<ref name="SIndex">{{S|Index}}, "Fëanor"</ref> and also wrought the [[Fëanorian lamps]].<ref>{{UT|Tuor}}, note 2</ref> In addition, he invented the widely-used [[Tengwar]] script.<ref name="SIndex"/> As the leader of the rebellion of the [[Noldor]],<ref name="SIndex"/> his passionate hatred of [[Morgoth]] and terrible [[Oath of Fëanor|oath]] led directly to the great triumphs and tragedies of the [[First Age]].<br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
===Life in Tirion===<br />
Born in {{YT|1169}},<ref>{{MR|P2k}}, Note 1, p.101</ref> Curufinwë Fëanáro (as was his original name in [[Quenya]]<ref name="Shibboleth">{{PM|Finwe}}</ref>) was the eldest son of [[Finwë]], the first [[King of the Noldor]], and his first wife [[Míriel|Míriel Serindë]]. He drew so much of Míriel's life energy when he was born that she grew weary of living, and departed to [[Lórien in Valinor|Lórien]], where she voluntarily left her corporeal form and died. Finwë remarried, and had two more sons, Fëanor's half-brothers [[Fingolfin]] and [[Finarfin]],<ref name="Feanor">{{S|Feanor}}</ref> and two daughters, [[Findis]] and [[Írimë]].<ref name="Shibboleth"/><br />
[[File:Ryszard Derdzinski - Feanor.jpg|thumb|left|Feanor, deviser of the Tengwar. Art by [[Ryszard Derdzinski]]]]<br />
Fëanor's skills began to blossom and other than a skilled smith, he was a linguist and a [[Lambengolmor|Loremaster]].<ref name=WJ>{{WJ|Quendi}}, pp. 396-8</ref> In {{YT|1250|n}}, he devised the lettering system of [[Tengwar]], improving the work of [[Rúmil (elf of Tirion)|Rúmil]]. He then turned his mind to the study of gems.<ref name="AAsec4">{{MR|P2j}}</ref> <br />
[[File:Tuuliky - Lumen Melma.jpg|thumb|Feanor and Nerdanel. Art by [[:Category:Images by Tuuliky|Tuuliky]]]]<br />
While still in his youth, Fëanor wedded [[Nerdanel]], daughter of [[Mahtan]], a great craftsmen,<ref name="Feanor"/> who bore him [[Sons of Fëanor|seven sons]]: [[Maedhros]], [[Maglor]], [[Celegorm]], [[Caranthir]], [[Curufin]], [[Amrod]], and [[Amras]].<ref>{{S|Princes}}</ref><br />
<br />
In {{YT|1400|n}},<ref name="AAsec4"/> [[Morgoth|Melkor]], the mightiest of the [[Valar]] and source of evil, deceived the [[Valar]] into thinking that he had repented of his evil ways. Pardoned and residing in [[Valinor]], he undertook to corrupt the [[Noldor]] and succeeded in making them instruments of his malice, particularly Fëanor. But Fëanor greatly mistrusted [[Melkor]], which was part of Melkor's plan.<ref name="Feanor"/><br />
<br />
In {{YT|1449|n}}, Fëanor began and by {{YT|1450|n}} he had succeeded<ref name="AAsec4"/> in the greatest of his achievements: capturing the light of the [[Two Trees]] to make the three [[Silmarils]], also called the [[Great Jewels]]. He prized the Silmarils above all else, and grew increasingly suspicious that the Valar and other Eldar coveted them. He either vainly displayed the jewels or jealously guarded them from all except his immediate family.<ref name="Silmarils">{{S|Unrest}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Feud with Fingolfin===<br />
[[Image:Antti Autio - The Threat of Feanor.jpg|thumb|left|250px|''The Threat of Feanor'' by [[Antti Autio]]]]<br />
[[Melkor]] greatly desired the [[Silmarils]] and his hatred for Fëanor grew, but the Valar still did not know of Melkor's true intentions. Melkor played upon Fëanor's temperament and pride to convince him that his own half-brother [[Fingolfin]] was not only planning to usurp his place as heir to [[Finwë]], but also seize the jewels for himself.<ref name="Silmarils"/> The [[Noldor]] then began forging weapons, which at that point no other [[Eldar]] possessed in [[Valinor]]. Fëanor's hostility grew to the point where, in {{YT|1490|n}},<ref name="AAsec4"/> he threatened Fingolfin's life. For this, the Valar exiled him to [[Formenos]]. He took a substantial treasure with him, including the [[Silmarils]], which he stowed in a locked box. In a show of support for his eldest son, [[Finwë]] withdrew to Formenos as well.<ref name="Silmarils"/><br />
<br />
The [[Valar]] realized that [[Melkor]] was behind Fëanor's actions. They sent [[Tulkas]] to imprison him again, but he could not be found. Melkor was not seen for a long time, until in {{YT|1492|n}},<ref name="AAsec4"/> he unexpectedly showed up at [[Formenos]]. Melkor tried again to manipulate Fëanor, but he went too far, and Fëanor realized that Melkor's true goal was to obtain the [[Silmarils]]. He shut the door in Melkor's face. In a rage, Melkor left. When the Valar heard of the incident, they resumed the hunt. But it was apparent that Melkor had fled from [[Valinor]].<ref name="Silmarils"/><br />
<br />
===Theft of the Silmarils===<br />
In {{YT|1495|n}},<ref name="AAsec4"/> the Valar sought to reconcile Fëanor and [[Fingolfin]], and to mend the enmity between the Noldor and Valar, and invited them all to Valimar to make peace. Fingolfin offered a hand to his half-brother, recognizing Fëanor's place as the eldest, which he grudgingly accepted.<br />
<br />
[[File:Amanyar - Fëanor device.png|right|120px|thumb|Fëanor's device]]<br />
Meanwhile, after first feigning to go north, [[Melkor]] had stolen away to [[Avathar]] in the south of [[Aman]] to seek out the evil, spider-like creature [[Ungoliant]]. Even as Fëanor and [[Fingolfin]] were reconciled, Ungoliant helped Morgoth destroy the Two Trees, bringing darkness to [[Valinor]].<ref>{{S|Darkening}}</ref><br />
<br />
[[Yavanna]] examined the [[Two Trees]] and found them lifeless. The light of the Trees survived only in the [[Silmarils]] and she said that only by their power could she restore the Trees. [[Manwë]] then asked Fëanor to give them up for this purpose but Fëanor emphatically declared that he would not give up his Silmarils of his own free will; if the Valar forced him, he said, they would be no better than Melkor. It was after this that messengers came telling of the raid at [[Formenos]].<br />
<br />
According to the messengers, [[Melkor]], surrounded by an impenetrable black fog, had come to Fëanor's vault in [[Formenos]]. [[Finwë]] fought and lost against Melkor, and was the first to be slain in [[Valinor]]. Melkor ransacked the vault, taking many valuable jewels, including the [[Silmarils]]. He and [[Ungoliant]] escaped by crossing the [[Helcaraxë]], or Grinding Ice, in the north to [[Beleriand]] in Middle-earth.<ref name="Flight">{{S|Flight}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Kingship===<br />
====The Kinslaying====<br />
[[Image:Tuuliky - Feanor.jpg|thumb|200px|left|''Fëanor'' by [[:Category:Images by Tuuliky|Tuuliky]]]]The Valar and Eldar now fully understood the extent of Melkor's treachery. Fëanor, upon learning of his father's murder and the theft of his prized Silmarils, named Melkor "Morgoth", or "Black Enemy". Following his father's death, Fëanor claimed the [[King of the Noldor|kingship of the Noldor]]<ref name="S9">{{S|9}}</ref> and delivered an impassioned speech, which he unwittingly filled with Morgoth's taint. He rallied the Noldor against the Dark Lord, but because of Morgoth's influence, he also blamed the Valar for Morgoth's deeds. He persuaded most of his people that because the Valar had abandoned them, the Noldor must follow him to Middle-earth and fight the Dark Lord. Fëanor then swore the terrible [[Oath of Fëanor]] which all seven of his sons also proclaimed, vowing to fight anyone and everyone—whether Elf, Man, Maia, or Vala—who withheld the Silmarils, and invoking even [[Ilúvatar]] as a witness. This Oath led to much conflict and later caused great tragedy among his seven sons.<br />
<br />
Seeking a way to get to [[Middle-earth]], he went to the shores of Aman, where the seafaring [[Teleri]] lived, and demanded the use of their ships. When Teleri refused to give or lend their vessels, Fëanor ordered the Noldor to take the ships. The Teleri resisted, and a battle broke out, in which many of the Teleri were slain, for they were armed with mere hunting bows, against the fully armed Noldor. Three times the Teleri were able to push back Fëanor until Fingolfin and Finarfin brought up their host, overwhelming the Teleri.<br />
<br />
In repentance of this act, [[Finarfin]], [[Finwë]]'s third son, took his host and turned back. They were accepted by the Valar, and Finarfin ruled as King of the remaining [[Noldor]] in [[Valinor]].<ref name="Flight"/><br />
<br />
====Exile in Middle-earth====<br />
[[File:NOLANOS - La Quema de las Naves.jpg|thumb|''La Quema de las Naves'' by [[:Category:Images by NOLANOS|NOLANOS]]]]<br />
As the year {{YT|1496|n}} wore on Fëanor led the Noldor northward. By {{YT|1497|n}}, the host had reached the [[Helkaraxë]] and halted.<ref>{{MR|P2m}}</ref> There were not enough ships to carry all of the Noldor across the sea, so Fëanor and his sons led the first group. Upon arriving at [[Losgar]], in the land of [[Lammoth]], in the far west of [[Beleriand]], where Morgoth and Ungoliant had passed not long before, Fëanor decided to burn the ships and leave the followers of Fingolfin behind.<ref name="Flight"/> The earth being flat in those days, the remaining Noldor saw the flames, and perceived that if they were to reach Middle-earth, they had no choice but to cross the Helcaraxë. This they did under the leadership of Fingolfin, and suffered heavy losses along the way, which greatly added to the animosity they had for the [[House of Fëanor]].<ref name="Flight"/><br />
[[File:Jenny Dolfen - Death of Feanor.jpg|thumb|200px|left|''Death of Feanor'' by [[Jenny Dolfen]]]]<br />
Learning of the Noldor's arrival, Morgoth summoned his armies from his fortress of [[Angband]] and attacked Fëanor's encampment in [[Mithrim]]. This battle was called the [[Dagor-nuin-Giliath]] ("Battle under the Stars"), for the [[Sun]] and [[Moon]] had not yet been made. The Noldor managed to win the battle and disperse Morgoth's armies. Fëanor, still in a great rage, pressed on toward Angband with his sons. He came even within sight of Angband, but was ambushed by a force of [[Balrogs]], with few elves about him. He fought mightily, hewing his foe even after receiving several wounds from [[Gothmog (balrog)|Gothmog]], lord of Balrogs. <br />
<br />
His sons came upon the balrogs with great force of elves, and were able to drive them off. However, as Fëanor was being carried off the battlefield, he knew his wounds were fatal. He was brought to the slopes of the [[Ered Wethrin]] from where he saw from afar the peaks of [[Thangorodrim]]. He cursed Angband thrice, but with the eyes of death, he knew that his elves, unaided, would never throw down the dark towers. At the moment of his death the passing of his fiery spirit reduced his body to ashes. He was the only person to die this way, for no death like his was ever seen or heard.<ref name="S|Return">{{S|Return}}</ref><br />
<br />
His sons were still bound by the Oath to recover the Silmarils, which would determine many of the events of Middle-earth during the First Age.<br />
<br />
Fëanor's spirit remained in the [[Halls of Mandos]] and was not reincarnated in [[Valinor]].<ref name="S|Return">{{S|Return}}</ref> It is said that he will return for [[Dagor Dagorath]], and will finally reclaim his beloved Silmarils, and then surrender them to [[Yavanna]].<ref name "SM|CQ19">{{SM|CQ19}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Genealogy==<br />
<div style="overflow-x: scroll; overflow-y: hidden; border: 1px solid #AAAAAA; padding: 3px; background: #EEEEEE;"><br />
{{familytree/start}}<br />
{{familytree| MHT | | MIR |y| FIN |y| IND | | | | | | | | | | | | |MHT=[[Mahtan]]<br/><small>''b. {{YT}}''</small>| MIR=[[Míriel]]<br/><small>''d. {{YT|1170}}''</small>|FIN=[[Finwë]]<br/><small>''d. {{YT|1495}}''</small>|IND=[[Indis]]<br/><small>''b. {{YT}}''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree| |!| | | | | |!| | | |)|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|.| | | |}}<br />
{{familytree| NRD |~|y|~| FEA | | FDS | | FNG | | IRM | | FRF | | |NRD=[[Nerdanel]]<br/><small>''b. {{YT}}''</small>|FEA='''FËANOR'''<br/><small>''{{YT|1169}} - {{YT|1497|n}}''</small>|FDS=[[Findis]]<br/><small>''b. {{YT}}''</small>|FNG=[[Fingolfin]]<br/><small>''{{YT|1190}} - {{FA|456}}''</small>|IRM=[[Írimë]]<br/><small>''b. {{YT}}''</small>|FRF=[[Finarfin]]<br/><small>''b. {{YT|1230}}''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree| |,|-|-|^|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|.| |}}<br />
{{familytree| MDH | | MAG | | CEL | | CAR | | CUR | | AMD | | AMR |MDH=[[Maedhros]]<br/><small>''d. {{FA|587}}''</small>|MAG=[[Maglor]]<br/><small>''b. {{YT}}''</small>|CEL=[[Celegorm]]<br/><small>''d. {{FA|506}}''</small>|CAR=[[Caranthir]]<br/><small>''d. {{FA|506}}''</small>|CUR=[[Curufin]]<br/><small>''d. {{FA|506}}''</small>|AMD=[[Amrod]]<br/><small>''d. {{FA|538}}''</small>|AMR=[[Amras]]<br/><small>''d. {{FA|538}}''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | |}}<br />
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | CLB | | | | | | | | |CLB=[[Celebrimbor]]<br/><small>''d. {{SA|1697}}''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree/end}}<br />
</div><br />
<br />
== Etymology ==<br />
{{Pronounce|Feanor.mp3|Ardamir}}<br />
Fëanor's [[father-name]] was ''[[Curufinwë]]'' (pron. {{IPA|[ˌkuruˈfinwe]}}), "Skillful Finwë", by adding ''[[curu]]'' ("skill") to his father's name. He later gave his favorite son [[Curufin]] the same father-name. His [[Amilessë|mother-name]] was '''''Fëanáro''''' (pron. {{IPA|[fe.aˈnaːro]}}), which translates as "spirit of fire",<ref name="Shibboleth"/> being formed by adding ''[[fëa]]'' ("spirit") and ''[[Nár (Quenya)|nár]]'' ("flame"). Apparently, the masculine ending ''[[-o]]'' is also present. <br />
<br />
The name ''Fëanor'' is the [[Sindarization|Sindarized]] version of his [[Quenya]] mother-name; the proper [[Sindarin]] form of his name was '''''Faenor'''''.<ref name="Shibboleth"/><br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* [http://www.minastirith.com/cgi-bin/ultimatebb.cgi?ubb=get_topic;f=2;t=000635 What do you think of Fëanor?] - Discussion on MinasTirith.com<br />
<br />
{{references}}<br />
{{seq-start}}<br />
{{seq-head<br />
|race=noldor<br />
|house=[[House of Finwë]]<br />
|born={{YT|1169}}<br />
|died={{YT|1497}}<br />
}}<br />
{{seq<br />
|pvac=<br />
|prev=[[Finwë]]<br />
|next=[[Finarfin]]; [[Fingolfin]] (as [[High King of the Noldor]])<br />
|list=[[King of the Noldor]]<br />
|dates={{YT|1495}} – {{YT|1497|n}}<br />
}}<br />
{{seq-end}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Feanor}}<br />
[[Category:Characters in The Book of Lost Tales]]<br />
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]<br />
[[Category:House of Finwë]]<br />
[[Category:Noldor]]<br />
[[Category:House of Fëanor| ]]<br />
[[Category:Sindarin names]]<br />
[[Category:First Age characters]]<br />
<br />
[[de:Feanor]]<br />
[[fi:Fëanor]]<br />
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/elfes/noldor/feanor]]</div>Kulid123https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=King_of_Gondor&diff=316069King of Gondor2020-06-26T17:40:14Z<p>Kulid123: Undo revision 316068 by Kulid123 (talk)</p>
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<div>The Kings of Gondor through Amandil claimed descent from the [[:Category:Lords of Andúnië|Lords of Andúnië]], and from there to [[Silmariën]] and the [[King of Númenor|Kings of Númenor]].<br />
<br />
# [[Elendil]], son of [[Amandil]]; he reigned titularly as [[High King of the Dúnedain|High King]] from {{SA|3320}} – {{SA|3441|n}} while his sons [[Isildur]] and [[Anárion]] were the co-rulers of Gondor itself (until Anárion's death in {{SA|3440}})<br />
# [[Isildur]] officially ruled Gondor from {{SA|3441}} – {{TA|2}}<br />
# [[Meneldil]] fourth child and son of Anárion reigned Third Age 2 – 158<br />
# [[Cemendur (King of Gondor)|Cemendur]] r. 158 – 238<br />
# [[Eärendil (King of Gondor)|Eärendil]] r. 238 – 324<br />
# [[Anardil (King of Gondor)|Anardil]] r. 324 – 411<br />
# [[Ostoher]] r. 411 – 491<br />
# [[Rómendacil I]] (born [[Tarostar]]) r. 491 – 541<br />
# [[Turambar (King of Gondor)|Turambar]] r. 541 – 667<br />
# [[Atanatar I]] r. 667 – 748<br />
# [[Siriondil (King of Gondor)|Siriondil]] r. 748 – 830<br />
# [[Tarannon Falastur]] r. 830 – 913, first of the Ship-Kings, died childless<br />
# [[Eärnil I]] r. 913 – 936, nephew of Tarannon<br />
# [[Ciryandil]] r. 936 – 1015<br />
# [[Hyarmendacil I]] (born [[Ciryaher]]) r. 1015 – 1149, last of the Ship-Kings<br />
# [[Atanatar II|Atanatar II Alcarin]] r. 1149 – 1226<br />
# [[Narmacil I]] r. 1226 – 1294, second childless King<br />
# [[Calmacil (King of Gondor)|Calmacil]] r. 1294 – 1304, younger brother of Narmacil<br/>*[[Minalcar]], son of Calmacil, ruled as prince-regent from 1240 – 1304<br />
# [[Rómendacil II]] (born Minalcar) in 1304, reigned 1304 – 1366<br />
# [[Valacar]] r. 1366 – 1432<br />
# [[Vinitharya]], crowned as [[Eldacar (King of Gondor)|Eldacar]], r. 1432 – 1437<p>In {{TA|1437}} Castamir the Usurper usurped the throne during the [[Kin-strife]].<br />
# [[Castamir]] r. 1437 – 1447<p>In {{TA|1447}} Eldacar took back his throne with the help of the [[Northmen]] of [[Rhovanion]] and many of the Dúnedain from the northern parts of Gondor, and Castamir was killed.<p>Eldacar restored r. 1447 – 1490<br />
# [[Aldamir]] r. 1490 – 1540<br />
# [[Hyarmendacil II]] (born [[Vinyarion]]) r. 1540 – 1621<br />
# [[Minardil]] r. 1621 – 1634<br />
# [[Telemnar]] r. 1634 – 1636, died in the [[Great Plague]] with all his children<br />
# [[Tarondor (King of Gondor)|Tarondor]] r. 1636 – 1798, nephew of Telemnar<br />
# [[Telumehtar Umbardacil]] r. 1798 – 1850<br />
# [[Narmacil II]] r. 1850 – 1856<br />
# [[Calimehtar (King of Gondor)|Calimehtar]] r. 1856 – 1936<br />
# [[Ondoher]] r. 1936 – 1944, died in battle with his two sons<br/>*[[Fíriel]] daughter of Ondoher might have been ruling queen, but was passed by<br />
# [[Eärnil II]] r. 1945 – 2043, descendant of Telumehtar Umbardacil, was given the crown after a year of rule by the [[Stewards of Gondor|Steward]] [[Pelendur]]<br />
# [[Eärnur]] r. 2043 – c. 2050, last King of Gondor before the Reign of the Stewards. Was probably murdered by the [[Witch-king]]. <br />
# [[Aragorn|Elessar]] r. {{TA|3019}} – {{FoA|120}}, first High King of the [[Reunited Kingdom]]<br />
# [[Eldarion]] r. {{FoA|120}} – c. {{FoA|220}}<br />
<br />
Elendil was the first King of [[Arnor]] and was succeeded by Isildur. Elendil ruled over both realms as High King of the Dúnedain-in-exile Isildur succeeded as High King as well upon his father's death. Isildur committed Gondor to the rule of Meneldil the son of Anarion as sole King of Gondor, but Isildur's royalty in the South-realm remained, as his line was by right High King over both [[Arnor]] and [[Gondor]], though after Isildur's death, the realms were split. Isildur's heirs ruled Arnor and Anárion's heirs ruled Gondor.<br />
<br />
Eärnur was taken in [[Minas Morgul]] and never seen again, and the Kingdom of Gondor was ruled by a succession of [[Stewards of Gondor|Stewards]] until the restoration of the line of Kings with Elessar ([[Aragorn]]), the first king of the [[Reunited Kingdom]] of Gondor and Arnor.<br />
<br />
The Kings were buried in the [[Hallows]] of Minas Tirith. Stone statues of the Kings were in the [[Tower Hall]].<br />
{{Dúnedain}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Rulers of Middle-earth]]<br />
[[Category:Gondor]]<br />
[[Category:Mannish Titles]]<br />
[[de:Gondor#Herrscher_von_Gondor]]<br />
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/hommes/3a/dunedain/gondoriens/rois_du_gondor]]<br />
[[fi:Gondorin kuninkaat]]</div>Kulid123https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=King_of_Gondor&diff=316068King of Gondor2020-06-26T17:10:20Z<p>Kulid123: Cleaned up this page and added a blurb for each king</p>
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<div>The title of the lords of the [[Dúnedain]], [[Elendil]] and his descendants, who ruled the Kingdom of [[Gondor]]. The line of the Kings came to an end when [[Eärnur]] answered the challenge of the [[Lord of the Nazgûl]] and was lost in [[Minas Morgul]]. After his loss, [[Gondor]] was ruled by hereditary [[Ruling Stewards|Stewards]] until the installation of [[Aragorn II Elessar]] (a direct descendant of [[Elendil]]) after the [[War of the Ring]].<br />
<br />
==Line of Kings==<br />
The Kings of Gondor through Amandil claimed descent from the [[Lords of Andúnië]], and from there to [[Silmariën]] and the [[King of Númenor|Kings of Númenor]].<br />
<br />
1. '''[[Elendil]]''', r. {{SA|3320}} – {{SA|3441|n}} <br />
:The son of [[Amandil]], last [[Lord of Andúnië]] in [[Númenor]]; he founded both [[Arnor]] and [[Gondor]], and ruled the two kingdoms as the [[High King (Dúnedain)|High King]]. His royal seat was in his own capital in the north, [[Annúminas]], and during his reign, [[Gondor]] was under the direct rule of his two sons, [[Isildur]] and [[Anárion]]. He formed the [[Last Alliance]], and marched to the defeat of [[Sauron]], but he himself was lost in that great victory.<br />
<br /><br />
2. '''[[Anárion]]''' (and '''[[Isildur]]'''), r. {{SA|3320|n}} – {{SA|3440|n}}<br />
:[[Anárion]] and [[Isildur]] founded [[Gondor]] about the [[Mouths of Anduin]] and are both accounted as the second Kings of Gondor. Under the suzerainity of their [[High King (Dúnedain)|High King]] [[Elendil]], they established their royal capital at [[Osgiliath]] but, [[Anárion]] and [[Isildur]] established their own houses at [[Minas Anor]] and [[Minas Ithil]] respectively. After the [[War of the Last Alliance]], in which both [[Elendil]] and [[Anárion]] met their end, [[Isildur]] succeeded his father as [[High King (Dúnedain)|High King]] and he spent time ordering the [[South-kingdom]]. In {{TA|2}}, he left [[Gondor]] in the care of his nephew [[Meneldil]], the son of his brother [[Anárion]], and rode away into the north. On his journey, [[Isildur]] was [[Disaster of the Gladden Fields|ambushed]] by [[Orcs]] and slain, and so the Kingship of [[Gondor]] passed on to [[Meneldil]] and his heirs.<br />
<br /><br />
<hr /><br />
3. '''[[Meneldil]]''', r. {{TA|2|n}} – {{TA|158|n}}<br />
:[[Isildur]] was lost with his three eldest sons, leaving just his fourth son [[Valandil]], then a mere boy, as heir. At this time, [[Meneldil]] took on the full Kingship of [[Gondor]], and its Kings through the next thirty generations would be his descendants.<br />
<br /><br />
4. '''[[Cemendur (King of Gondor)|Cemendur]]''', r. {{TA|158|n}} - {{TA|238|n}}<br />
<br /><br />
5. '''[[Eärendil (King of Gondor)|Eärendil]]''', r. {{TA|238|n}} - {{TA|324|n}}<br />
<br /><br />
6. '''[[Anardil (King of Gondor)|Anardil]]''', r. {{TA|324|n}} - {{TA|411|n}}<br />
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7. '''[[Ostoher]]''', r. {{TA|411|n}} - {{TA|492|n}}<br />
:[[Ostoher]] rebuilt and expanded [[Minas Anor]] (later [[Minas Tirith]]) and took it for his summer residence. During his reign, [[Gondor]] began to suffer attacks out of the wild eastern lands.<br />
<br /><br />
8. '''[[Rómendacil I]]''' (born [[Tarostar]]), r. {{TA|492|n}} - {{TA|541|n}}<br />
:He defeated the [[Easterlings]], and took the name ''Rómendacil'' - 'East-victor' - in token of this. Nonetheless, he met his death in renewed attacks by the [[Wild Men]] out of the [[East]].<br />
<br /><br />
9. '''[[Turambar (King of Gondor)|Turambar]]''', r. {{TA|541|n}} - {{TA|667|n}}<br />
:[[Turambar]] avenged his father's death, and won wide lands for [[Gondor]] in the east.<br />
<br /><br />
10. '''[[Atanatar I]]''', r. {{TA|667|n}} - {{TA|748|n}}<br />
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11. '''[[Siriondil (King of Gondor)|Siriondil]]''', r. {{TA|748|n}} - {{TA|830|n}}<br />
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12. '''[[Tarannon Falastur]]''', r. {{TA|830|n}} - {{TA|913|n}}<br />
:The first of the four [[Ship-kings]], [[Tarannon]] put his energies into the building of [[Gondor]]'s navies. His Queen, [[Berúthiel]], was sent into exile, and so he was the first of [[Gondor]]'s Kings to die childless. He was succeeded by his nephew, the son of his brother [[Tarciryan]].<br />
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<hr /><br />
13. '''[[Eärnil I]]''', r. {{TA|913|n}} - {{TA|936|n}}<br />
:The second [[Ship-king]] famously captured the southern [[Haven of Umbar]] for [[Gondor]], expanding its boundaries even farther. He was lost in a storm off the very coasts he had conquered.<br />
<br /><br />
14. '''[[Ciryandil]]''', r. {{TA|936|n}} - {{TA|1015|n}}<br />
:In [[Ciryandil]]'s time, the [[Haradrim]] came against [[Umbar]], and the King died in its defence.<br />
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15. '''[[Hyarmendacil I]]''' (born [[Ciryaher]]), r. {{TA|1015|n}} - {{TA|1149|n}}<br />
:He avenged his father's death, and pressed on to capture land in the south for [[Gondor]], extending its borders to their greatest extent in history.<br />
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16. '''[[Atanatar II|Atanatar II Alcarin]]''', r. {{TA|1149|n}} - {{TA|1226|n}}<br />
:Because of the extent and wealth of his realm, he was called ''[[Alcarin]]'', [[Atanatar]] the Glorious, though he lacked the adventuring warrior spirit of his predecessors.<br />
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17. '''[[Narmacil I]]''', r. {{TA|1226|n}} - {{TA|1294|n}}<br />
:[[Narmacil]] tired of the cares of the Kingship, and appointed a [[Regent]] to manage the Kingdom for him. This was his nephew [[Minalcar]], who would one day rule in his own stead as [[Rómendacil II]]. Narmacil died without issue, and was succeeded instead by his younger brother.<br />
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<hr /><br />
18. '''[[Calmacil (King of Gondor)|Calmacil]]''', r. {{TA|1294|n}} - {{TA|1304|n}}<br />
:Throughout [[Calmacil]]'s brief reign, his son [[Minalcar]] maintained his role as [[Regent]].<br />
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19. '''[[Rómendacil II]]''' (born [[Minalcar]]), in 1304, r. {{TA|1304|n}} - {{TA|1366|n}}<br />
:After sixty-four years as [[Regent]], [[Minalcar]] took the throne in his own right. In memory of a great victory over the [[Easterlings]] he had won in his [[Regent of Gondor|Regency]], he became King in the name [[Rómendacil II]]. He made diplomatic efforts in the east, allying himself with tribes of [[Northmen]] in [[Rhovanion]] as a bulwark against further [[Easterling]] invasions. He sent his son [[Valacar]] as an ambassador to the [[Northmen]], and while [[Rómendacil II|Rómendacil]] still held the throne, [[Valacar]] wedded [[Vidumavi]] in the east, who bore him a son.<br />
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20. '''[[Valacar]]''', r. {{TA|1366|n}} - {{TA|1432|n}}<br />
:[[Valacar]] was a controversial and disputed King, especially because his heir carried the blood of the [[Northmen]]. In the later part of [[Valacar]]'s reign, true rebellion broke out, and the southern provinces of [[Gondor]] began to break away.<br />
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21. '''[[Eldacar (King of Gondor)|Eldacar]]''' (born [[Vinitharya]]), r. intermittently in {{TA|1432|n}} - {{TA|1437|n}}<br />
:After the half-[[Gondorian]] [[Eldacar]] took the throne, the rebellions of [[Valacar]]'s time grew into a full civil war, and after five years as King [[Eldacar]] was deposed by [[Castamir]] the Usurper. For ten years he hid in the east, gathering his forces, and then challenged [[Castamir]] for his rightful Kingship, slaying the Usurper himself. After regaining his throne, he reigned for another forty-three years before his death.<br />
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<hr /><br />
22. '''[[Castamir|Castamir the Usurper]]''', r. {{TA|1437|n}} - {{TA|1447|n}}<br />
:The Usurper of [[Eldacar]]'s throne was descended from the royal line (he was the great-grandson of [[Calmacil]]) and is considered a King of Gondor in his own right. He reigned for just ten years, as unrest among his subjects grew, after which [[Eldacar]] attacked from the east and reclaimed the throne of [[Gondor]].<br />
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<hr /><br />
23. '''[[Aldamir]]''', r. {{TA|1490|n}} - {{TA|1540|n}}<br />
:[[Aldamir]] was the younger son of [[Eldacar]] (his elder brother [[Ornendil]] had been put to death by [[Castamir]]). In his time there was war in [[Gondor]] with the peoples of the south, and [[Aldamir]] fell in that war.<br />
<br /><br />
24. '''[[Hyarmendacil II]]''' (born [[Vinyarion]]), r. {{TA|1540|n}} - {{TA|1621|n}}<br />
:[[Aldamir]]'s son avenged his father by overcoming the [[Haradrim]], and in token of this took the name of ''Hyarmendacil'', 'South-victor', the second of [[Gondor]]'s Kings to bear that auspicious name.<br />
<br /><br />
25. '''[[Minardil]]''', r. {{TA|1621|n}} - {{TA|1634|n}}<br />
:[[Minardil]]'s was a brief reign. He was at the port of [[Pelargir]] when it fell under attack by the [[Corsairs of Umbar]], and he was slain in that attack.<br />
<br /><br />
26. '''[[Telemnar]]''', r. {{TA|1634|n}} - {{TA|1636|n}}<br />
:[[Telemnar]]'s reign was even shorter than that of his father. He was lost with all his children in the [[Dark Plague]], and his line came to an end.<br />
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<hr /><br />
27. '''[[Tarondor (King of Gondor)|Tarondor]]''', r. {{TA|1636|n}} - {{TA|1798|n}}<br />
:[[Tarondor]], the nephew of [[Telemnar]], came early to the Kingship, and enjoyed the longest rule of any of [[Gondor]]'s Kings. His realm had been devastated by war and plague, and he worked to rebuild its power. It was [[Tarondor]] who moved the King's House from [[Osgiliath]] to [[Minas Anor]].<br />
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28. '''[[Telumehtar Umbardacil]]''', r. {{TA|1798|n}} - {{TA|1850|n}}<br />
:[[Telumehtar]] is most remembered by history as the King who reconquered [[Umbar]] to the south, and from this deed he took his name ''Umbardacil'' 'Victor over [[Umbar]]'.<br />
<br /><br />
29. '''[[Narmacil II]]''', r. {{TA|1850|n}} - {{TA|1856|n}}<br />
:In his time, wars with the fierce [[Wainriders]] began; they emerged suddenly out of the east, and [[Narmacil]]'s short reign came to an end in their violent assault.<br />
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30. '''[[Calimehtar (King of Gondor)|Calimehtar]]''', r. {{TA|1856|n}} - {{TA|1936|n}}<br />
:[[Calimehtar]] reversed his father's defeat, and secured a famous victory over the [[Wainriders]] on the plain of [[Dagorlad]]. Nonetheless they were not destroyed, and their threat remained on [[Gondor]]'s eastern borders.<br />
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31. '''[[Ondoher]]''', r. {{TA|1936|n}} - {{TA|1944|n}}<br />
:Like his father and grandfather before him, [[Ondoher]] went to war with the [[Wainriders]]. They had made alliance with the [[Men of Khand]] and the [[Haradrim]], so that all of [[Gondor]]'s bitterest foes attacked at one time. Under its great general [[Eärnil II|Eärnil]], [[Gondor]] had the victory at the [[Battle of the Camp]], but [[Ondoher]] was lost in those wars, as were his two sons [[Artamir]] and [[Faramir (son of Ondoher)|Faramir]].<br />
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<hr /><br />
32. '''[[Eärnil II]]''', r. {{TA|1945|n}} - {{TA|2043|n}}<br />
:[[Eärnil II]] ruled [[Gondor]] during a time a turmoil across [[Middle-earth]]. In the north, the last kingdom of the [[Dúnedain]] was overrun by the [[Witch-king]], and though [[Eärnil II|Eärnil]]'s son [[Eärnur]] travelled north to the aid of [[Arthedain]], he came too late, though he did achieve the destruction of [[Angmar]]. The [[Lord of the Nazgûl]] returned to [[Mordor]] from that defeat, and later in Eärnil's reign the [[Nazgûl]] launched an assault on [[Minas Ithil]], Gondor's great citadel on the borders of [[Mordor]], and captured it. After that time [[Minas Ithil]] was known as [[Minas Morgul]], and [[Minas Anor]] as [[Minas Tirith]].<br />
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33. '''[[Eärnur]]''', r. {{TA|2043|n}} - {{TA|2050|n}}<br />
:[[Eärnur]] had reigned for just seven years when he foolishly took up a challenge from the [[Lord of the Nazgûl]], and rode willingly to [[Minas Morgul]]. He was never heard from again, and his loss left Gondor without a King once more. After him, the realm of [[Gondor]] was ruled by hereditary [[Stewards]], the first of whom was [[Mardil Voronwë]].<br />
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<hr /><br />
34. '''[[Aragorn|Aragorn Elessar]]''', r. {{TA|3019}} – {{FoA|120}}<br />
:[[Aragorn]] was the long-lost [[Heir of Isildur]] out of the north, the direct descendant of [[Gondor]]'s first and second Kings, who came into his title at the time of the [[War of the Ring]], and was crowned in the year of the [[Downfall of Barad-dûr]]. He [[Reunited Kingdom|reunited the North- and South-Kingdoms]]; his Queen was [[Arwen]], the daughter of [[Elrond]], and his heir was their son [[Eldarion]].<br />
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35. '''[[Eldarion]]''', r. {{FoA|120|n}} – c. {{FoA|220|n}}<br />
:During his reign, a copy of the [[Red Book of Westmarch]] is completed in [[Gondor]] by [[Findegil]]. One hundred years into his reign, he encountered a renewal of [[Morgoth]]-worship known as the "[[Dark Tree]]". There are references in the ''[[History of Middle-earth]]'' that make it all but certain that he left descendants to rule after him.<br />
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{{Dúnedain}}<br />
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[[Category:Rulers of Middle-earth]]<br />
[[Category:Gondor]]<br />
[[Category:Mannish Titles]]<br />
[[de:Gondor#Herrscher_von_Gondor]]<br />
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/hommes/3a/dunedain/gondoriens/rois_du_gondor]]<br />
[[fi:Gondorin kuninkaat]]</div>Kulid123https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=C%C3%ADrdan&diff=316060Círdan2020-06-26T03:08:58Z<p>Kulid123: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{sindar infobox<br />
| name=Círdan<br />
| image=[[File:Jef Murray - Cirdan.jpg|250px]]<br />
| caption="Cirdan" by [[Jef Murray]]<br />
| pronun=[[Sindarin|S]], {{IPA|[ˈkiːrdan]}}<br />
| othernames=''Nówë'' ([[Telerin|T]])</br>''Ciryatan'' ([[Quenya|Q]])<br />
| titles=Lord of the Havens, Master of the Grey Havens, The Shipwright<br />
| position=<br />
| location=[[Falas]], [[Isle of Balar|Balar]], [[Grey Havens]] <br />
| affiliation=[[Union of Maedhros]], [[Last Alliance of Elves and Men]], [[White Council]], [[Host of the West (Arnor)|Host of the West]]<br />
| language=[[Quenya]], [[Sindarin]], [[Westron]]<br />
| birth=Between {{YT|1050}} and {{YT|1105|n}}<ref name="LastWritingsN">{{PM|Last}}, note 29</ref><br />
| birthlocation=[[Cuiviénen]]<ref name="LastWritingsN"/><br />
| rule={{YT|1149}} - {{FA|473}} ([[Falas]])<br>{{FA|473}} - {{FA|587}} ([[Isle of Balar|Balar]])<br>{{SA|1}} - Early [[Fourth Age]] ([[Grey Havens]])<br />
| sailedwest=Early [[Fourth Age]]<ref>{{FR|Prologue}}</ref><ref name=AppTale>{{App|Tale}}</ref><br />
| sailedfrom=[[Grey Havens]]<br />
| age=<br />
| notablefor=''[[#Significance|See below]]''<br />
| house=Kin of [[Elwë]], [[Olwë]], and [[Elmo]]<ref group="note">[[Elmo]] is a later addition by [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]] and is not in the published ''[[The Silmarillion]]''.</ref><ref name=Cirdan>{{PM|Last}}, "Círdan"</ref><br />
| parentage=<br />
| siblings=<br />
| spouse=<br />
| children=Ancestor of [[Voronwë]]<ref name="Tuor">{{UT|1}}</ref><ref group="note">In the ''[[Unfinished Tales]]'', [[Voronwë]] states that "My mother was of the [[Grey-elves]] of the [[Falas]], and akin to Círdan himself..."</ref><br />
| gender=Male<br />
| height=Very tall<ref name="Havens" /><br />
| hair=Silver, bearded in old age<ref name="Havens" /><br />
| eyes=<br />
| clothing=<br />
| weapons=<br />
| steed=<br />
}}<br />
{{quote|As they came to the gates Círdan the Shipwright came forth to greet them. Very tall he was, and his beard was long, and he was grey and old, save that his eyes were keen as stars; and he looked at them and bowed, and said 'All is now ready.'|''[[The Return of the King]]'', "[[The Grey Havens]]"}}<br />
'''Círdan''' was one of the highest and most noble of the [[Sindar]],<ref name=Cirdan/> lord of the [[Falas]] during the [[First Age]], and Master of the [[Grey Havens]] through the [[Second Age|Second]], [[Third Age|Third]], and [[Fourth Age]]. He was one of the wisest and most foresighted of the [[Elves]], and by the [[Second Age]], one of the oldest known [[Elves]] in [[Middle-earth]], to remain so throughout that age and into the [[Fourth Age]] as well. He was also gifted [[Narya]], one of the [[Three Rings]], by [[Celebrimbor]] until he surrendered it to [[Gandalf]]. He was one of the last elves in Middle-earth, sailing West early in the [[Fourth Age]].<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
===Elder Days===<br />
====Great Journey====<br />
Círdan, born '''Nówë'''<ref name=Cirdan/> ([[Quenya|Q]], pron. {{IPA|[ˈnowe]}}), was kin of both [[Elwë]] and [[Olwë]], the kings of the [[Teleri]].<ref name=Cirdan/> Of shipbuilding, whether by their first homes at [[Cuiviénen]] or when the [[Teleri]] dwelt by the [[Sea of Rhûn]], Cirdan was said to have been one of the foremost and most skilled in the craft.<ref name="LastWritingsN"/> During the push westward, seeking to go to [[Valinor]], Nówë and his followers kept going where most of his kin fell away throughout the journey. Despite Nówë's great eagerness to see the [[light of Valinor]] (his "greatest desire"),<ref name=Cirdan/> he loyally searched for [[Elwë]] upon his disappearance. Because of this, the [[Teleri]] missed the first trip on [[Tol Eressëa]] to [[Valinor]], on which went their kin, the [[Noldor]] and the [[Vanyar]]. They took for their king [[Olwë]], and while waiting for [[Ulmo]] to return for them, Nówë headed the art of making and sailing ships, growing impatient. From this profession he took the name "Círdan" which means "shipwright" in [[Sindarin]]. The [[Teleri]] also developed a great friendship with [[Ossë]]. At the same time, although most of the Teleri had given up, Círdan sought [[Elwë]] longer and harder than most of his kin, partly because of his love for him and his allegiance.<ref name=Cirdan/><br />
<br />
Because of this, Círdan came to the shores too late during the second embarking of Eressëa.<ref name=Cirdan/> He came to the sands to find them departed, and as he stood forlorn he saw far-off a glimmer of light upon Eressëa as it vanished into the West over [[Belegaer]]. Then he cried aloud:<br />
{{blockquote|I will follow that light, alone if none will come with me, for the ship that I have been building is now almost ready.|Círdan, ''[[Last Writings]]''}}<br />
But into his heart came a message from the [[Valar]] which warned him that his ship could not endure the voyage, nor would any ship for many years, until the time when his work be of utmost worth, remembered in song. Círdan answered in obeyance, and saw a vision of [[Vingilot|a ship]].<ref name=Cirdan/><br />
<br />
====Lord of the Falas====<br />
=====Foundation and Return of the Noldor=====<br />
Círdan therefore remained with those Teleri who had chosen to stay east of the Sea for love of Ossë, and became their lord. The folk became known as the [[Falathrim]], "''people of the foaming shore''", and dwelt in the [[Falas]] by the sea. There they built many ships, and the cities [[Eglarest]] and [[Brithombar]], and found pearls which they sent to their overlord, King [[Thingol]] of [[Doriath]], who was once Elwë.<ref name="Sindar">{{S|Sindar}}</ref><br />
<br />
When [[Morgoth]] broke forth in the [[First Battle]] in {{YT|1497}}, Círdan was cut off and unable to come to Thingol’s aid. Further, although Thingol conquered with the help of the [[Laiquendi]], the Falathrim were driven to the very edge of the sea, where they were besieged for some months, until the [[Return of the Noldor]], when [[Fëanor]] struck [[Morgoth]] from the north. The siege of the Falas was abandoned as the [[Orcs]] were ordered northward to help their master, where they were all destroyed by [[Celegorm]]. The Falas were saved.<br />
<br />
Círdan attended the [[Mereth Aderthad]] with many of his people, where he swore oaths of friendship with the Noldor, and quite possibly met and befriended his later neighbors and friends [[Turgon]] and [[Finrod]]. Although Turgon eventually moved from [[Vinyamar]] to faraway [[Gondolin]], Círdan’s friendship with Finrod was lasting,<ref name="Belerian">{{S|Beleriand}}</ref> and Círdan became a close advisor to the Noldo. Círdan was, after all, a relative of his, being related (probably quite closely) to Olwë, Finrod’s grandfather.<br />
<br />
=====Later Battles of Beleriand=====<br />
When the tales began spreading (sown by [[Morgoth]]) of the [[Kinslaying of Alqualondë]], Círdan, being very wise even at that time, was greatly troubled, feeling that these rumors sprouted from great malice. Knowing the jealousy and dissention among the Noldor, he guessed that the malice was that of the kinslayers. Therefore he dutifully sent messages to his overlord Thingol, telling him all that he had heard. This resulted in the banishment of [[Quenya]] and greater strife between the Sindar and the Noldor.<br />
<br />
Círdan may have assisted in the [[Dagor Aglareb]], but this is unknown. Nevertheless he did not take part in the [[Dagor Bragollach]], as he was far away and not directly attacked, if even he had time to come to the aid of his allies. Nevertheless Círdan made up for his lack of participation in the [[Second Assault on Hithlum]], coming to the timely aid of [[Fingon]] when he was most needed. They sailed up the [[Firth of Drengist]], then struck the unsuspecting [[orcs]] from the west, giving victory to the elves.<ref name="Fingolfin">{{S|Fingolfin}}</ref><br />
<br />
After the [[Nirnaeth Arnoediad]], many fugitives came for shelter in the Falas. The Falathrim mariners harassed the orcs in guerilla attacks from the sea. But it was only a matter of time before [[Morgoth]] attacked. Then came the disastrous [[Fall of the Falas]]. Though both [[Brithombar]] and [[Eglarest]] were strong, with mighty walls, both fell one at a time due to the impressive array of siege-masters Morgoth had in his train. The elves fought valiantly, but the walls were broken and most of the Falathrim killed or enslaved. [[Barad Nimras]] was cast down, and the Falas laid to waste. But Círdan and some of his followers escaped by sea, and he took with him [[Gil-galad]], one of the last of the princes of the Noldor. They came to the [[Isle of Balar]] and founded a new kingdom, but kept a foothold at the [[Mouths of Sirion]], keeping ships hidden in the reeds there, making a refuge for all who fled there.<ref name="Fifth">{{S|Fifth}}</ref><br />
<br />
====Refuge in Balar====<br />
Turgon, receiving the dreadful news, requested that Círdan send mariners to seek [[Valinor]] and the aid of the [[Valar]]. Círdan built seven swift ships, and sent them westward. None returned, save for only one mariner of the [[Gondolindrim]]. The way to the West was closed.<ref name="Fifth"/>{{Pronounce|Cirdan.mp3|Ardamir}}<br />
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Eventually Círdan served as messenger, when [[Ulmo]] delivered him a message for [[Orodreth]], warning of the doom of [[Nargothrond]], and ordering him to shut his gates and cast down the bridge. The warning went unheeded, resulting of the [[Fall of Nargothrond]].<br />
<br />
After news came to Balar of the [[Fall of Gondolin]], [[Gil-galad]] was proclaimed [[High King of the Noldor]]. Círdan soon after became a fast friend of the young half-elf [[Eärendil]] son of [[Tuor]] and [[Idril]], who had grown up essentially under his shadow, and was apprenticed to him. Círdan aided Eärendil in building the ship [[Vingilot]], giving him advice and help. Círdan doubtless remembered his vision, and this ship was indeed a fulfillment of it.<ref name=Cirdan/><br />
<br />
Círdan and Gil-galad came with their armies from the Isle of Balar too late to prevent the disastrous [[Third Kinslaying]], when the [[Mouths of Sirion|Havens of Sirion]] were ambushed and many fell. But Eärendil was not there, rather on a voyage, and the [[Silmaril]] of [[Beren]] and [[Lúthien]] had been spirited away by [[Elwing]] his wife. Thus, wielding the Silmaril, Eärendil came to [[Valinor]] and found the forgiveness of the [[Valar]].<ref name="Earendil">{{S|Earendil}}</ref> From that time on, Círdan was given foresight surpassing that of any of the elves,<ref name=Cirdan/> perhaps some special grace of the Valar for his deeds in this world-changing episode (like the return of [[Glorfindel]], who also contributed significantly). After the [[War of Wrath]], Círdan, heeding the bidding of the Valar long ago, once more obediently abstained from finding his heart’s desire and going West, but with a small following remained in [[Middle-earth]].<br />
<br />
===Second Age===<br />
The continents were shifted, but Círdan still took up his abode by the sea, at the [[Grey Havens]], which the Elves built in the newly-formed [[Gulf of Lune]] whence the [[Eldar]] could sail the [[Straight Road]], but most of them were unwilling at first to forsake the lands they fought in and preferred to linger there.<ref name=rings>{{S|Rings}}</ref> There he welcomed the friendly and then-unfallen [[Númenóreans]], making friends with [[Vëantur]], chief of the mariners of [[Tar-Elendil]], and later teaching [[Tar-Aldarion|Aldarion]] his grandson of ships (both management and construction) and seaside architecture,<ref name="Wife">{{UT|Wife}}</ref> doubtless being the foremost authority on both.<br />
<br />
Círdan advised against the creation of the [[Rings of Power]] when [[Sauron|Annatar]] came, but, like Galadriel, his counsel went unheeded in the midst of the joy and enthusiasm of the [[Eregion]]-elves, and especially [[Celebrimbor]]. Nevertheless, when the [[Three Rings]] escaped the [[Sack of Eregion]], Celebrimbor had appointed him to inherit one of them. He received [[Narya]], the Ring of Fire.<ref name="rings"/> [[Sauron]], having revealed himself in the [[Sack of Eregion|destruction of Eregion]] and empowered by [[the One Ring]] he had forged, [[sack of Eregion|invaded]] [[Eriador]] in the same blow; however he dared not attempt to take [[Mithlond]] or [[Lindon]], fearing they were too strong and because they had the help of the [[Númenóreans]].<ref name="rings"/><br />
<br />
Círdan joined the [[Last Alliance of Elves and Men]], and fought as the lieutenant of [[Gil-galad]]. Many fell there, including [[Gil-galad]] and [[Elendil]]. After the battle, with Elrond, he urged [[Isildur]], Elendil’s first-born, to throw the captured One Ring into [[Orodruin]], where it would be unmade, but Isildur refused.<ref name="rings"/><ref name="Council">{{FR|Council}}</ref> <br />
<br />
===Third Age===<br />
After the [[War of the Last Alliance]] and the death of Gil-galad, Cirdan rule over Lindon from the [[Grey Havens]]. For more than a thousand years they went undisturbed,<ref name="AppB2">{{App|B2}}</ref> but at around {{TA|1050}}, a shadow began to lengthen. Though many deemed that Sauron was defeated forever, for the first time in many centuries some evil was stirring, and awake. It was at this time the [[Istari]], sent by the [[Valar]], came. He was the most foresighted of all of them, and alone knew the true purpose of the Istari.<ref name="AppB2"/> He also saw deep into the future of Gandalf, and gave him [[Narya]], his greatest possession and one of the most secret and sought-after treasures in the world.<ref name="rings"/><br />
{{blockquote|Take this ring, Master… for your labours will be heavy; but it will support you in the weariness that you have taken upon yourself. For this is the Ring of Fire, and with it you may rekindle hearts in a world that grows chill. But as for me, my heart is with the [[Belegaer|Sea]], and I will dwell by the grey shores until the [[Last Ship|last ship]] sails. I will await you.|Círdan, ''[[Appendix B]]''}}<br />
<br />
Throughout the [[Angmar War]], the Elves of Lindon under [[Cirdan]] supported [[Arnor]]. They assisted [[Arveleg]] and the men of [[Cardolan]] drive off the [[Hill-men]] from the [[Weather Hills]]. Later, with Círdan’s help, Arveleg's young son, [[Araphor]], drove [[Angmar]]'s armies from [[Fornost]] and the [[North Downs]]. Combining forces with [[Rivendell]], and the [[Galadhrim]] who joined them from beyond the [[Misty Mountains]], they subdued Angmar for some time.<ref name=eriador>{{App|Eriador}}</ref><br />
<br />
In {{TA|1975}}, Elven sailors from Lindon brought a ship to [[Forochel]] to rescue the lost king [[Arvedui]]. The crew endured a perilous journey, but Arvedui rashly attempted to return that winter, and all aboard perished. The next year, Círdan and the elves [[Host of the West (Arnor)|joined]] with the [[Dúnedain]] in the victorious [[Battle of Fornost]].<ref name=eriador/><ref>{{App|Gondor}}</ref> Later, Círdan took control of the abandoned [[palantíri|Elendil Stone]] on [[Emyn Beraid]], which could gaze into the [[Tol Eressëa|lost west]] and was without link to the other ''palantíri''.<ref name="Palantiri">{{UT|Palantiri}}</ref><br />
<br />
Nothing more is mentioned of his actions until the [[War of the Ring]] in {{TA|3018}} and later {{TA|3021}}. [[Galdor of the Havens|Galdor]] was his messenger to [[Rivendell]] and attended the [[Council of Elrond]], speaking with authority on his lord’s behalf.<ref name="Council"/><br />
<br />
The last mention of Círdan came with the end of the Third Age. When the Ringbearers came to Mithlond, Círdan greeted them before the gates. Although [[Gandalf]], [[Galadriel]], and [[Elrond]] passed west on the [[White Ship|ship]] he had built for them, Círdan seems to have remained for a time. <br />
<br />
===Later History===<br />
Círdan maintained the haven at least into the [[Fourth Age]], but it was recognized that eventually, its purpose would reach an end when no more Elves wished to cross the [[Sea]]. At that time, Círdan would abandon the Grey Havens and finally travel the [[Straight Road]] himself. Early in the Fourth Age, he sailed west aboard the [[Last Ship]] with [[Celeborn]] and the last [[High Elves]], but when he did so, he took with him the last living memory of the [[Elder Days]] in [[Middle-earth]].<ref>{{FR|Prologue}}</ref><ref>{{App|Tale}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
''Círdan'' is [[Sindarin]] for "Shipwright".<ref>{{PE|Eldarin}}, p. 27</ref> The [[Quenya]] cognate was '''''Ciryatan''''' (pron. {{IPA|[ˈkirʲatan]}}),<ref>{{S|Appendix}}, entry "kir-''</ref> although it is never applied to him, but to [[Tar-Ciryatan]].<br />
<br />
==Characteristics==<br />
In the last years of the Third Age, Círdan appeared very old save for his eyes which "''were keen as stars''", wearing a long beard.<ref name="Havens">{{RK|Havens}}</ref> Likely, he had grown a beard since having reached his [[Elven life cycle#"Cycles of life" and aging|third cycle of life]].<ref>{{VT|41b}}, p. 9</ref><br />
<br />
==Significance==<br />
Círdan had a profound effect upon the course of Middle-earth history. He was a loyal servant and friend of [[Elwë]], sacrificing his heart’s desire in search of him.<ref name=Cirdan/> This loyalty and sense of duty shows up numerous times over the course of history, including his second sacrifice in his submission to the [[Valar]],<ref name=Cirdan/> and his sending of troubling and potentially destructive rumors to his overlord Thingol. He was also the most foresighted of the elves, a gift from the Valar.<ref name="AppB2"/><ref name=Cirdan/> He conceivably saved Elven civilization with the founding of the havens at the [[Mouths of Sirion]],<ref name="Fifth"/> and with the fostering of both [[Gil-galad]] and [[Eärendil]].<ref name="Earendil"/> His precious gift of [[Narya]] to [[Gandalf]] was also timely and valuable.<ref name="AppB2"/> He was clearly favored by [[Ulmo]], seen by the number of messages passed through him.<br />
<br />
== Genealogy ==<br />
{{familytree/start}}<br />
{{familytree| | | | | |F|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|7| |}}<br />
{{familytree| |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|.| | | | |:| |}}<br />
{{familytree| THI | | OLW | | ELM | | | CÍR |THI=[[Thingol]]<br/><small>''d. {{FA|502}}''</small>|OLW=[[Olwë]]<br/><small>''b. {{YT}}''</small>|ELM=[[Elmo]]<br/><small>''unknown''</small>|CÍR='''CÍRDAN'''<br/><small>''b. {{YT}}''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree/end}}<br />
<br />
==Portrayal in adaptations==<br />
{{Gallery<br />
|title=Círdan in adaptations<br />
|height=150<br />
|width=250<br />
|lines=2<br />
|File:Decipher - Círdan.jpg|Círdan in [[The Lord of the Rings Trading Card Game]]<br />
|File:SBG - Cirdan.jpeg|Círdan in [[The Lord of the Rings Strategy Battle Game]]<br />
|File:The Lord of the Rings Online - Círdan.jpg|Círdan in ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]''<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''2001: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]'':'''<br />
:His role as lieutenant of Gil-galad is given to [[Elrond]] instead (Elrond was Gil-galad's herald in the books). He does, however, appear very briefly in Galadriel's Monologue at the start of the movie, in the very brief shot of the three elven ringbearers.<br />
<br />
'''2003: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]]'':'''<br />
:Círdan briefly appears as Frodo and Bilbo make their trip to the lands of the West. <br />
<br />
'''2007: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''<br />
:Círdan appears in several flashbacks depicting the the [[War of the Last Alliance]].<br />
<br />
{{notes}}<br />
{{references}}<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Cirdan}}<br />
[[Category:Characters in The Lord of the Rings]]<br />
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]<br />
[[Category:First Age characters]]<br />
[[Category:Second Age characters]]<br />
[[Category:Third Age characters]]<br />
[[Category:Fourth Age characters]]<br />
[[Category:Sindar]]<br />
[[Category:Sindarin names]]<br />
[[de:Círdan]]<br />
[[fr:encyclo:personnages:elfes:teleri:sindar:cirdan]]<br />
[[fi:Círdan]]</div>Kulid123https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=C%C3%ADrdan&diff=316037Círdan2020-06-25T04:22:46Z<p>Kulid123: small additions</p>
<hr />
<div>{{sindar infobox<br />
| name=Círdan<br />
| image=[[File:Jef Murray - Cirdan.jpg|250px]]<br />
| caption="Cirdan" by [[Jef Murray]]<br />
| pronun=[[Sindarin|S]], {{IPA|[ˈkiːrdan]}}<br />
| othernames=''Nówë'' ([[Telerin|T]])</br>''Ciryatan'' ([[Quenya|Q]])<br />
| titles=Lord of the Havens, Master of the Grey Havens, The Shipwright<br />
| position=<br />
| location=[[Falas]], [[Isle of Balar|Balar]], [[Grey Havens]] <br />
| affiliation=[[Union of Maedhros]], [[Last Alliance of Elves and Men]], [[White Council]], [[Host of the West (Arnor)|Host of the West]]<br />
| language=[[Quenya]], [[Sindarin]], [[Westron]]<br />
| birth=Between {{YT|1050}} and {{YT|1105|n}}<ref name="LastWritingsN">{{PM|Last}}, note 29</ref><br />
| birthlocation=[[Cuiviénen]]<ref name="LastWritingsN"/><br />
| rule={{YT|1149}} - {{FA|473}} ([[Falas]])<br>{{FA|473}} - {{FA|587}} ([[Isle of Balar|Balar]])<br>{{SA|1}} - Early [[Fourth Age]] ([[Grey Havens]])<br />
| sailedwest=Early [[Fourth Age]]<ref>{{FR|Prologue}}</ref><ref name=AppTale>{{App|Tale}}</ref><br />
| sailedfrom=[[Grey Havens]]<br />
| age=10,932+<br />
| notablefor=''[[#Significance|See below]]''<br />
| house=Kin of [[Elwë]], [[Olwë]], and [[Elmo]]<ref group="note">[[Elmo]] is a later addition by [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]] and is not in the published ''[[The Silmarillion]]''.</ref><ref name=Cirdan>{{PM|Last}}, "Círdan"</ref><br />
| parentage=<br />
| siblings=<br />
| spouse=<br />
| children=Ancestor of [[Voronwë]]<ref name="Tuor">{{UT|1}}</ref><ref group="note">In the ''[[Unfinished Tales]]'', [[Voronwë]] states that "My mother was of the [[Grey-elves]] of the [[Falas]], and akin to Círdan himself..."</ref><br />
| gender=Male<br />
| height=Very tall<ref name="Havens" /><br />
| hair=Silver, bearded in old age<ref name="Havens" /><br />
| eyes=<br />
| clothing=<br />
| weapons=<br />
| steed=<br />
}}<br />
{{quote|As they came to the gates Círdan the Shipwright came forth to greet them. Very tall he was, and his beard was long, and he was grey and old, save that his eyes were keen as stars; and he looked at them and bowed, and said 'All is now ready.'|''[[The Return of the King]]'', "[[The Grey Havens]]"}}<br />
'''Círdan''' was one of the highest and most noble of the [[Sindar]], lord of the [[Falas]] during the [[First Age]], and Master of the [[Grey Havens]] through the [[Second Age|Second]], [[Third Age|Third]], and [[Fourth Age]]. He was one of the wisest and most foresighted of the [[Elves]], and by the [[Second Age]], one of the oldest known [[Elves]] in [[Middle-earth]], to remain so throughout that age and into the [[Fourth Age]] as well. He was also gifted [[Narya]], one of the [[Three Rings]], by [[Celebrimbor]] until he surrendered it to [[Gandalf]]. He was one of the last elves in Middle-earth, sailing West early in the [[Fourth Age]].<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
===Early History===<br />
Círdan, born '''Nówë'''<ref name=Cirdan/> ([[Quenya|Q]], pron. {{IPA|[ˈnowe]}}), was kin of both [[Elwë]] and [[Olwë]], kings of the [[Teleri]].<ref name=Cirdan/> Of shipbuilding, whether by their first homes at [[Cuiviénen]] or when the [[Teleri]] dwelt by the [[Sea of Rhûn]], Cirdan was said to have been one of the foremost and most skilled in the craft.<ref name="LastWritingsN"/> During the push westward, seeking to go to [[Valinor]], Nówë and his followers kept going where most of his kin fell away throughout the journey. Despite Nówë's great eagerness to see the [[light of Valinor]] (his "greatest desire"),<ref name=Cirdan/> he loyally searched for [[Elwë]] upon his disappearance. Because of this, the [[Teleri]] missed the first trip on [[Tol Eressëa]] to [[Valinor]], on which went their kin, the [[Noldor]] and the [[Vanyar]]. They took for their king [[Olwë]], and while waiting for [[Ulmo]] to return for them, Nówë headed the art of making and sailing ships, growing impatient. From this profession he took the name "Círdan" which means "shipwright" in [[Sindarin]]. The [[Teleri]] also developed a great friendship with [[Ossë]]. At the same time, although most of the Teleri had given up, Círdan sought [[Elwë]] longer and harder than most of his kin, partly because of his love for him and his allegiance.<ref name=Cirdan/><br />
<br />
Because of this, Círdan came to the shores too late during the second embarking of Eressëa.<ref name=Cirdan/> He came to the sands to find them departed, and as he stood forlorn he saw far-off a glimmer of light upon Eressëa as it vanished into the West over [[Belegaer]]. Then he cried aloud:<br />
{{blockquote|I will follow that light, alone if none will come with me, for the ship that I have been building is now almost ready.|Círdan, ''[[Last Writings]]''}}<br />
But into his heart came a message from the [[Valar]] which warned him that his ship could not endure the voyage, nor would any ship for many years, until the time when his work be of utmost worth, remembered in song. Círdan answered in obeyance, and saw a vision of [[Vingilot|a ship]].<ref name=Cirdan/><br />
<br />
===Foundation and Return of the Noldor===<br />
Círdan therefore remained with those Teleri who had chosen to stay east of the Sea for love of Ossë, and became their lord. The folk became known as the [[Falathrim]], "''people of the foaming shore''", and dwelt in the [[Falas]] by the sea. There they built many ships, and the cities [[Eglarest]] and [[Brithombar]], and found pearls which they sent to their overlord, King [[Thingol]] of [[Doriath]], who was once Elwë.<ref name="Sindar">{{S|Sindar}}</ref><br />
<br />
When [[Morgoth]] broke forth in the [[First Battle]] in {{YT|1497}}, Círdan was cut off and unable to come to Thingol’s aid. Further, although Thingol conquered with the help of the [[Laiquendi]], the Falathrim were driven to the very edge of the sea, where they were besieged for some months, until the [[Return of the Noldor]], when [[Fëanor]] struck [[Morgoth]] from the north. The siege of the Falas was abandoned as the [[Orcs]] were ordered northward to help their master, where they were all destroyed by [[Celegorm]]. The Falas were saved.<br />
<br />
Círdan attended the [[Mereth Aderthad]] with many of his people, where he swore oaths of friendship with the Noldor, and quite possibly met and befriended his later neighbors and friends [[Turgon]] and [[Finrod]]. Although Turgon eventually moved from [[Vinyamar]] to faraway [[Gondolin]], Círdan’s friendship with Finrod was lasting,<ref name="Belerian">{{S|Beleriand}}</ref> and Círdan became a close advisor to the Noldo. Círdan was, after all, a relative of his, being related (probably quite closely) to Olwë, Finrod’s grandfather.<br />
<br />
===Early First Age===<br />
When the tales began spreading (sown by [[Morgoth]]) of the [[Kinslaying of Alqualondë]], Círdan, being very wise even at that time, was greatly troubled, feeling that these rumors sprouted from great malice. Knowing the jealousy and dissention among the Noldor, he guessed that the malice was that of the kinslayers. Therefore he dutifully sent messages to his overlord Thingol, telling him all that he had heard. This resulted in the banishment of [[Quenya]] and greater strife between the Sindar and the Noldor.<br />
<br />
Círdan may have assisted in the [[Dagor Aglareb]], but this is unknown. Nevertheless he did not take part in the [[Dagor Bragollach]], as he was far away and not directly attacked, if even he had time to come to the aid of his allies. Nevertheless Círdan made up for his lack of participation in the [[Second Assault on Hithlum]], coming to the timely aid of [[Fingon]] when he was most needed. They sailed up the [[Firth of Drengist]], then struck the unsuspecting [[orcs]] from the west, giving victory to the elves.<ref name="Fingolfin">{{S|Fingolfin}}</ref><br />
<br />
After the [[Nirnaeth Arnoediad]], many fugitives came for shelter in the Falas. The Falathrim mariners harassed the orcs in guerilla attacks from the sea. But it was only a matter of time before [[Morgoth]] attacked. Then came the disastrous [[Fall of the Falas]]. Though both [[Brithombar]] and [[Eglarest]] were strong, with mighty walls, both fell one at a time due to the impressive array of siege-masters Morgoth had in his train. The elves fought valiantly, but the walls were broken and most of the Falathrim killed or enslaved. [[Barad Nimras]] was cast down, and the Falas laid to waste. But Círdan and some of his followers escaped by sea, and he took with him [[Gil-galad]], one of the last of the princes of the Noldor. They came to the [[Isle of Balar]] and founded a new kingdom, but kept a foothold at the [[Mouths of Sirion]], keeping ships hidden in the reeds there, making a refuge for all who fled there.<ref name="Fifth">{{S|Fifth}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Lord of Balar===<br />
Turgon, receiving the dreadful news, requested that Círdan send mariners to seek [[Valinor]] and the aid of the [[Valar]]. Círdan built seven swift ships, and sent them westward. None returned, save for only one mariner of the [[Gondolindrim]]. The way to the West was closed.<ref name="Fifth"/>{{Pronounce|Cirdan.mp3|Ardamir}}<br />
<br />
Eventually Círdan served as messenger, when [[Ulmo]] delivered him a message for [[Orodreth]], warning of the doom of [[Nargothrond]], and ordering him to shut his gates and cast down the bridge. The warning went unheeded, resulting of the [[Fall of Nargothrond]].<br />
<br />
After news came to Balar of the [[Fall of Gondolin]], [[Gil-galad]] was proclaimed [[High King of the Noldor]]. Círdan soon after became a fast friend of the young half-elf [[Eärendil]] son of [[Tuor]] and [[Idril]], who had grown up essentially under his shadow, and was apprenticed to him. Círdan aided Eärendil in building the ship [[Vingilot]], giving him advice and help. Círdan doubtless remembered his vision, and this ship was indeed a fulfillment of it.<ref name="LastWritings"/><br />
<br />
Círdan and Gil-galad came with their armies from the Isle of Balar too late to prevent the disastrous [[Third Kinslaying]], when the [[Mouths of Sirion|Havens of Sirion]] were ambushed and many fell. But Eärendil was not there, rather on a voyage, and the [[Silmaril]] of [[Beren]] and [[Lúthien]] had been spirited away by [[Elwing]] his wife. Thus, wielding the Silmaril, Eärendil came to [[Valinor]] and found the forgiveness of the [[Valar]].<ref name="Earendil">{{S|Earendil}}</ref> From that time on, Círdan was given foresight surpassing that of any of the elves,<ref name="LastWritings"/> perhaps some special grace of the Valar for his deeds in this world-changing episode (like the return of [[Glorfindel]], who also contributed significantly). After the [[War of Wrath]], Círdan, heeding the bidding of the Valar long ago, once more obediently abstained from finding his heart’s desire and going West, but with a small following remained in [[Middle-earth]].<br />
<br />
===Second Age===<br />
The continents were shifted, but Círdan still took up his abode by the sea, at the [[Grey Havens]], which the Elves built in the newly-formed [[Gulf of Lune]] whence the [[Eldar]] could sail the [[Straight Road]], but most of them were unwilling at first to forsake the lands they fought in and preferred to linger there.<ref name=rings>{{S|Rings}}</ref> There he welcomed the friendly and then-unfallen [[Númenóreans]], making friends with [[Vëantur]], chief of the mariners of [[Tar-Elendil]], and later teaching [[Tar-Aldarion|Aldarion]] his grandson of ships (both management and construction) and seaside architecture,<ref name="Wife">{{UT|Wife}}</ref> doubtless being the foremost authority on both.<br />
<br />
Círdan advised against the creation of the [[Rings of Power]] when [[Sauron|Annatar]] came, but, like Galadriel, his counsel went unheeded in the midst of the joy and enthusiasm of the [[Eregion]]-elves, and especially [[Celebrimbor]]. Nevertheless, when the [[Three Rings]] escaped the [[Sack of Eregion]], Celebrimbor had appointed him to inherit one of them. He received [[Narya]], the Ring of Fire.<ref name="rings"/> [[Sauron]], having revealed himself in the [[Sack of Eregion|destruction of Eregion]] and empowered by [[the One Ring]] he had forged, [[sack of Eregion|invaded]] [[Eriador]] in the same blow; however he dared not attempt to take [[Mithlond]] or [[Lindon]], fearing they were too strong and because they had the help of the [[Númenóreans]].<ref name="rings"/><br />
<br />
Círdan joined the [[Last Alliance of Elves and Men]], and fought as the lieutenant of [[Gil-galad]]. Many fell there, including [[Gil-galad]] and [[Elendil]]. After the battle, with Elrond, he urged [[Isildur]], Elendil’s first-born, to throw the captured One Ring into [[Orodruin]], where it would be unmade, but Isildur refused.<ref name="rings"/><ref name="Council">{{FR|Council}}</ref> <br />
<br />
===Third Age and Later History: Lordship of Lindon===<br />
After the [[War of the Last Alliance]] and the death of Gil-galad, Cirdan rule over Lindon from the [[Grey Havens]]. For more than a thousand years they went undisturbed,<ref name="AppB2">{{App|B2}}</ref> but at around {{TA|1050}}, a shadow began to lengthen. Though many deemed that Sauron was defeated forever, for the first time in many centuries some evil was stirring, and awake. It was at this time the [[Istari]], sent by the [[Valar]], came. He was the most foresighted of all of them, and alone knew the true purpose of the Istari.<ref name="AppB2"/> He also saw deep into the future of Gandalf, and gave him [[Narya]], his greatest possession and one of the most secret and sought-after treasures in the world.<ref name="rings"/><br />
{{blockquote|Take this ring, Master… for your labours will be heavy; but it will support you in the weariness that you have taken upon yourself. For this is the Ring of Fire, and with it you may rekindle hearts in a world that grows chill. But as for me, my heart is with the [[Belegaer|Sea]], and I will dwell by the grey shores until the [[Last Ship|last ship]] sails. I will await you.|Círdan, ''[[Appendix B]]''}}<br />
<br />
Throughout the [[Angmar War]], the Elves of Lindon under [[Cirdan]] supported [[Arnor]]. They assisted [[Arveleg]] and the men of [[Cardolan]] drive off the [[Hill-men]] from the [[Weather Hills]]. Later, with Círdan’s help, Arveleg's young son, [[Araphor]], drove [[Angmar]]'s armies from [[Fornost]] and the [[North Downs]]. Combining forces with [[Rivendell]], and the [[Galadhrim]] who joined them from beyond the [[Misty Mountains]], they subdued Angmar for some time.<ref name=eriador>{{App|Eriador}}</ref><br />
<br />
In {{TA|1975}}, Elven sailors from Lindon brought a ship to [[Forochel]] to rescue the lost king [[Arvedui]]. The crew endured a perilous journey, but Arvedui rashly attempted to return that winter, and all aboard perished. The next year, Círdan and the elves [[Host of the West (Arnor)|joined]] with the [[Dúnedain]] in the victorious [[Battle of Fornost]].<ref name=eriador/><ref>{{App|Gondor}}</ref> Later, Círdan took control of the abandoned [[palantíri|Elendil Stone]] on [[Emyn Beraid]], which could gaze into the [[Tol Eressëa|lost west]] and was without link to the other ''palantíri''.<ref name="Palantiri">{{UT|Palantiri}}</ref><br />
<br />
Nothing more is mentioned of his actions until the [[War of the Ring]] in {{TA|3018}} and later {{TA|3021}}. [[Galdor of the Havens|Galdor]] was his messenger to [[Rivendell]] and attended the [[Council of Elrond]], speaking with authority on his lord’s behalf.<ref name="Council"/><br />
<br />
The last mention of Círdan came with the end of the Third Age. When the Ringbearers came to Mithlond, Círdan greeted them before the gates. Although [[Gandalf]], [[Galadriel]], and [[Elrond]] passed west on the [[White Ship|ship]] he had built for them, Círdan seems to have remained for a time. <br />
<br />
Círdan maintained the haven at least into the [[Fourth Age]], but it was recognized that eventually, its purpose would reach an end when no more Elves wished to cross the [[Sea]]. At that time, Círdan would abandon the Grey Havens and finally travel the [[Straight Road]] himself. Early in the Fourth Age, he sailed west aboard the [[Last Ship]] with [[Celeborn]] and the last [[High Elves]], but when he did so, he took with him the last memory of the Elder Days in Middle-earth.<ref>{{FR|Prologue}}</ref><ref>{{App|Tale}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
''Círdan'' is [[Sindarin]] for "Shipwright".<ref>{{PE|Eldarin}}, p. 27</ref> The [[Quenya]] cognate was '''''Ciryatan''''' (pron. {{IPA|[ˈkirʲatan]}}),<ref>{{S|Appendix}}, entry "kir-''</ref> although it is never applied to him, but to [[Tar-Ciryatan]].<br />
<br />
==Characteristics==<br />
In the last years of the Third Age, Círdan appeared very old save for his eyes which "''were keen as stars''", wearing a long beard.<ref name="Havens">{{RK|Havens}}</ref> Likely, he had grown a beard since having reached his [[Elven life cycle#"Cycles of life" and aging|third cycle of life]].<ref>{{VT|41b}}, p. 9</ref><br />
<br />
==Significance==<br />
Círdan had a profound effect upon the course of Middle-earth history. He was a loyal servant and friend of [[Elwë]], sacrificing his heart’s desire in search of him.<ref name="LastWritings"/> This loyalty and sense of duty shows up numerous times over the course of history, including his second sacrifice in his submission to the [[Valar]],<ref name="LastWritings"/> and his sending of troubling and potentially destructive rumors to his overlord Thingol. He was also the most foresighted of the elves, a gift from the Valar.<ref name="AppB2"/><ref name="LastWritings"/> He conceivably saved Elven civilization with the founding of the havens at the [[Mouths of Sirion]],<ref name="Fifth"/> and with the fostering of both [[Gil-galad]] and [[Eärendil]].<ref name="Earendil"/> His precious gift of [[Narya]] to [[Gandalf]] was also timely and valuable.<ref name="AppB2"/> He was clearly favored by [[Ulmo]], seen by the number of messages passed through him.<br />
<br />
== Genealogy ==<br />
{{familytree/start}}<br />
{{familytree| | | | | |F|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|7| |}}<br />
{{familytree| |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|.| | | | |:| |}}<br />
{{familytree| THI | | OLW | | ELM | | | CÍR |THI=[[Thingol]]<br/><small>''d. {{FA|502}}''</small>|OLW=[[Olwë]]<br/><small>''b. {{YT}}''</small>|ELM=[[Elmo]]<br/><small>''unknown''</small>|CÍR='''CÍRDAN'''<br/><small>''b. {{YT}}''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree/end}}<br />
<br />
==Portrayal in adaptations==<br />
{{Gallery<br />
|title=Círdan in adaptations<br />
|height=150<br />
|width=250<br />
|lines=2<br />
|File:Decipher - Círdan.jpg|Círdan in [[The Lord of the Rings Trading Card Game]]<br />
|File:SBG - Cirdan.jpeg|Círdan in [[The Lord of the Rings Strategy Battle Game]]<br />
|File:The Lord of the Rings Online - Círdan.jpg|Círdan in ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]''<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''2001: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]'':'''<br />
:His role as lieutenant of Gil-galad is given to [[Elrond]] instead (Elrond was Gil-galad's herald in the books). He does, however, appear very briefly in Galadriel's Monologue at the start of the movie, in the very brief shot of the three elven ringbearers.<br />
<br />
'''2003: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]]'':'''<br />
:Círdan briefly appears as Frodo and Bilbo make their trip to the lands of the West. <br />
<br />
'''2007: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''<br />
:Círdan appears in several flashbacks depicting the the [[War of the Last Alliance]].<br />
<br />
{{notes}}<br />
{{references}}<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Cirdan}}<br />
[[Category:Characters in The Lord of the Rings]]<br />
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]<br />
[[Category:First Age characters]]<br />
[[Category:Second Age characters]]<br />
[[Category:Third Age characters]]<br />
[[Category:Fourth Age characters]]<br />
[[Category:Sindar]]<br />
[[Category:Sindarin names]]<br />
[[de:Círdan]]<br />
[[fr:encyclo:personnages:elfes:teleri:sindar:cirdan]]<br />
[[fi:Círdan]]</div>Kulid123https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=An%C3%A1rion&diff=315990Anárion2020-06-23T03:43:11Z<p>Kulid123: </p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
{{disambig-two|the son of Elendil|King of [[Númenor]]|[[Tar-Anárion]]}}<br />
{{numenorean infobox<br />
| name=Anárion<br />
| image=[[File:Liz Danforth - Anárion.jpg|250px]]<br />
| caption="Anárion" by [[Liz Danforth]]<br />
| pronun=<br />
| othernames=<br />
| titles=[[King of Gondor]]<br />
| position=<br />
| location=[[Númenor]], [[Gondor]]<br />
| affiliation=[[Faithful]], [[Last Alliance of Elves and Men]]<br />
| language=[[Quenya]], [[Sindarin]]<br />
| birth={{SA|3219}}<br />
| birthlocation=[[Andúnië]], [[Númenor]]<br />
| rule={{SA|3320}} - {{SA|3440|n}} (Joint rule) <br />
| death={{SA|3440}}<br />
| deathlocation=During [[Siege of Barad-dûr]]<br />
| age=221<br />
| notablefor=Founded [[Gondor]] with [[Isildur]]<br />
| house=[[House of Elendil]], founded the [[House of Anárion]]<br />
| parentage=[[Elendil]]<br />
| siblings=[[Isildur]]<br />
| spouse=<br />
| children=Three unnamed children, [[Meneldil]]<br />
| gender=Male<br />
| height=<br />
| hair=<br />
| eyes=<br />
| clothing=<br />
| weapons=<br />
| steed=<br />
}}<br />
{{Pronounce|Anarion.mp3|Ardamir}}<br />
'''Anárion''' ([[Quenya|Q]]: "[[sun]]-son", pron. {{IPA|[aˈnaːri.on]}}, stem ''Anáriond-'') was the second son of [[Elendil]] and the brother of [[Isildur]].<ref name="Rings">{{S|Rings}}</ref> His son [[Meneldil]] was the last man born in [[Númenor]] before its [[Downfall of Númenor|Downfall]].<ref name="Gladden">{{UT|Gladden}}, Note 10</ref><br />
<br />
==History==<br />
Anárion, together with his father and brother, were the leaders of the [[Faithful]], the small minority of [[Númenóreans]] that resisted the dark rule of [[Ar-Pharazôn]] and his councilor [[Sauron]]. In {{SA|3319}}, when [[Ar-Pharazôn]] assailed the land of [[Aman]],<ref name="SA">{{App|SA}}</ref> nine ships of the Faithful escaped to the east (four for Elendil, three for Isildur, and two for Anárion).<ref>{{S|Akallabeth}}</ref> They were separated by the great storm that arose during the [[Downfall of Númenor|Downfall]]. Elendil landed in northern [[Middle-earth]] near [[Lindon]] and there established the realm of [[Arnor]]. Isildur and Anárion, however, landed in the south and founded the realm of [[Gondor]] in {{SA|3320|n}} about the [[Mouths of Anduin]].<ref name="Rings"/> <br />
<br />
Together, Anárion and Isildur were chiefly responsible for the early ordering of Gondor, and their thrones were set side by side in the Great Hall of [[Osgiliath]]. In the city of [[Minas Anor]], Anárion established his house while Isildur set up his in [[Minas Ithil]].<br />
<br />
Sauron also survived the [[Downfall of Númenor]] and reentered [[Mordor]] in {{SA|3320|n}}. In {{SA|3429|n}}, Sauron attacked Gondor with a force great enough to [[Fall of Minas Ithil|take Minas Ithil]] and force Isildur to flee. Whilst Isildur, his wife, and his sons sailed from Gondor seeking Elendil’s aid, Anárion defended Osgiliath and was able to drive his forces back into the mountains. Yet Sauron gathered greater strength and Anárion knew that without succor Gondor would fall.<ref name="SA"/><ref name="Rings"/><br />
<br />
Aid did arrive when Elendil, Isildur, and the [[Men of Arnor]], in league with the [[High King of the Noldor]], [[Gil-galad]], formed the [[Last Alliance of Elves and Men]] and marched south. Anárion led the [[Gondorians]] to the [[Dagorlad|plain]] between [[Cirith Gorgor]] and the [[Dead Marshes]] and fought in the [[Battle of Dagorlad]] alongside the alliance. The allies entered [[Mordor]] and laid the [[Siege of Barad-dûr]], but Anárion was slain by a thrown rock in {{SA|3440|n}}.<ref name="Elendil">{{PM|Elendil}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Legacy==<br />
Anárion had four children, the youngest of whom was a son, [[Meneldil]].<ref group="note">The records only state that Meneldil was Anárion's "4th child"; these would either be daughters or sons who died before Meneldil succeeded his uncle.</ref> It is said that he was well-pleased at the departure of Isildur and his sons.<ref name="Gladden"/> After the [[Disaster of the Gladden Fields]], Meneldil became the first independent [[King of Gondor]] and the two realms in exile were estranged. <br />
<br />
Anárion's war-helm, which was also used as a crown, was crushed when he was killed. The war-helm of [[Isildur]] was used for the [[Crown of Gondor|crowning]] of the [[Kings of Gondor]].<ref>{{App|Eriador}}</ref><br />
<br />
The Line of Anárion lasted over two thousand years. In honor of the founding co-rulers, when [[Rómendacil II]] built the [[Argonath]] he had the Pillars of the Kings carved in the likenesses of Anárion and Isildur.<ref>{{App|Gondor}}</ref> Yet the line of Anárion dwindled and finally disappeared when King [[Eärnur]] died childless. From that time forth the [[Stewards of Gondor|Ruling Stewards]] ruled in the name of the [[House of Anárion]].<ref>{{RK|V7}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Genealogy ==<br />
{{familytree/start}}<br />
{{familytree | | | | AMA | | | | | |AMA=[[Amandil]]<br/><small>''Sailed west {{SA|3316}}''†</small>}}<br />
{{familytree | | | | |!| | | | | | |}}<br />
{{familytree | | | | ELE | | | | | |ELE=[[Elendil]]<br/><small>''{{SA|3119}} - {{SA|3441|n}}''†</small>}}<br />
{{familytree | |,|-|-|^|-|-|.| | | |}}<br />
{{familytree | ISI | | | | ANA | | |ISI=[[Isildur]]<br/><small>''{{SA|3209}} - {{TA|2}}''†</small>|ANA='''ANÁRION'''<br/><small>''{{SA|3219}} - {{SA|3440|n}}''†</small>}}<br />
{{familytree | |!| | | |,|-|^|-|.| |}}<br />
{{familytree | ARN | | UNN | | MEN |ARN=[[Kings of Arnor|''Kings of<br/>Arnor'']]|UNN=''Three children''<br/><small>''unknown''</small>|MEN=[[Meneldil]]<br/><small>''{{SA|3318}} - {{TA|158}}''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | |!| |}}<br />
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | CEM |CEM=[[Cemendur (King of Gondor)|Cemendur]]<br/><small>''{{SA|3399}} - {{TA|238}}''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree/end}}<br />
<br />
== Other versions of the legendarium ==<br />
<br />
In ''[[The Peoples of Middle-earth]]'', in Section VII "[[The Heirs of Elendil]]", [[Christopher Tolkien]] explained that there were three manuscripts in the textual history of this section. Manuscript A contained the information about the Southern Line of Gondor, and from its condition it appeared to be the first stage of composition. Manuscript B added the Northern Line, and began as a fair copy of A for the Southern line but became heavily emended. Manuscript B led to Manuscript C, a fine copy (but with later emendations), which led to a final typescript D. In the earlier Manuscripts A and B, Anárion's date of birth was {{SA|3209}} instead of {{SA|3219}}. It was Isildur who was born in 3219 instead of 3209 and thus Anárion was the ''older'' of Elendil's two sons.<ref name="Elendil"/><br />
<br />
==Portrayal in adaptations==<br />
{{Gallery<br />
|title=Anárion in adaptations<br />
|height=150<br />
|width=250<br />
|lines=2<br />
|File:Anarion decipher.jpg|Anárion in ''[[The Lord of the Rings Trading Card Game]]''<br />
|File:The Lord of the Rings Online - Anárion.jpg|Anárion in ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]''<br />
}}<br />
'''2001-2007: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Trading Card Game]]'':'''<br />
:Although Anárion does not appear in [[The Lord of the Rings (film series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' film series]], Decipher produced a card for the character.<br />
<br />
'''2019: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''<br />
:Anárion appears during an extended flashback set during the [[Siege of Barad-dûr]] in the year [[Second Age 3440|S.A. 3440]], shortly before his death.<br />
<br />
{{References|note}}<br />
{{seq-start}}<br />
{{seq-head<br />
| race=numenorean<br />
| house=[[House of Elendil]]<small><br/>Cadet branch of [[House of Elros]]</small><br />
| born={{SA|3219}}<br />
| died={{SA|3440}}<br />
}}<br />
{{seq<br />
| prev=[[Elendil]]<br />
| list=2nd [[Kings of Gondor|King of Gondor]]<br />
| dates={{SA|3320}} - {{SA|3440}} (Joint rule)<br />
| next=[[Meneldil]]<br />
}}<br />
{{seq-end}}<br />
<br />
{{southernline}}<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Anarion}}<br />
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]<br />
[[Category:House of Elendil]]<br />
[[Category:House of Anárion| ]]<br />
[[Category:Masculine names]]<br />
[[Category:Rulers of Gondor]]<br />
[[Category:Quenya names]]<br />
[[de:Anárion]]<br />
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/hommes/2a/numenoreens/anarion]]<br />
[[fi:Anárion]]</div>Kulid123https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Meneldil&diff=315989Meneldil2020-06-23T03:41:14Z<p>Kulid123: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{numenorean infobox<br />
| name=Meneldil<br />
| image=[[Image:Matěj Čadil - Meneldil of Gondor.jpg|250px]]<br />
| caption="Meneldil of Gondor" by [[Matěj Čadil]]<br />
| pronun=<br />
| othernames=<br />
| titles=[[Kings of Gondor|King of Gondor]]<br />
| position=<br />
| location=[[Gondor]]<br />
| affiliation=[[Last Alliance of Elves and Men]]<br />
| language=[[Sindarin]]<br />
| birth={{SA|3318}}<br />
| birthlocation=[[Rómenna]], [[Númenor]]<br />
| rule={{TA|2}} - {{TA|158}} (156 years)<br />
| death={{TA|158}}<br />
| deathlocation=[[Gondor]]<br />
| age=281<br />
| notablefor=<br />
| house=[[House of Anárion]]<br />
| parentage=[[Anárion]]<br />
| siblings=three unnamed siblings<br />
| spouse=<br />
| children=[[Cemendur (King of Gondor)|Cemendur]]<br />
| gender=Male<br />
| height=<br />
| hair=<br />
| eyes=<br />
| clothing=<br />
| weapons=<br />
| steed=<br />
}}<br />
'''Meneldil''' ({{SA|3318}}<ref name="Elendil">{{PM|Elendil}}</ref> – {{TA|158}},<ref name="TA">{{App|TA}}</ref> aged 281 years), the son of [[Anárion]] and grandson of [[High King of the Dúnedain|High King]] [[Elendil]], was the third [[King of Gondor]] and the first to rule in his own name. He reigned 156 years, from {{TA| 2}} until his death. <br />
<br />
==History==<br />
===Early Life===<br />
Meneldil was the last man born in [[Númenor]]<ref name="Gladden">{{UT|Gladden}}</ref> and was about one year old at the time of the [[Downfall of Númenor|Downfall]]. He would have been carried to [[Middle-earth]] in his father’s ship where [[Isildur]] and [[Anárion]] established a new realm, [[Gondor]], under their joint leadership.<br />
<br />
Meneldil was 111 years old when in {{SA|3429}} [[Sauron]] sent his army to attack and capture [[Minas Ithil]]. It is not known what role Meneldil may have played while his father defended [[Osgiliath]] and held the hosts of [[Mordor]] at bay. With the arrival of Elendil and [[Gil-galad]]’s forces the fortunes of the [[War of the Last Alliance]] turned, but in the hard fighting Anárion died (in {{SA|3440}}), as did Elendil (in {{SA|3441}}).<ref name="SA">{{App|SA}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Succession to Kingship===<br />
With the deaths of Elendil and Anárion, [[Arnor]] had no leader and the joint rule in [[Gondor]] was finished. [[Isildur]] returned to Gondor, assumed the [[Elendilmir]] as Arnor’s king and proclaimed his [[High King of the Dúnedain|lordship]] over all the [[Dúnedain]], [[Dúnedain of the North|North]] and [[Dúnedain of the South|South]]. While most of Arnor’s forces returned to [[Eriador]] the new King remained in the South to restore order and define Gondor’s boundaries. With Meneldil and a company of trusted friends, Isildur rode about the boundaries of Gondor and in Anórien created the [[Tomb of Elendil]] upon the hill of [[Eilenaer]], thereafter called [[Amon Anwar]].<ref>{{UT|Cirion}}</ref> <br />
<br />
When he was ready he committed the rule of Gondor to Meneldil and departed for [[Rivendell|Imladris]] with his three oldest sons to consult with [[Elrond]].<ref name="TA"/><ref name="Gladden"/> It is said that Meneldil was quite pleased to see his uncle and his sons leave for the North, hoping that they would remain there long.<ref>{{UT| Gladden}}, Note 10</ref> Then, a month after their departure, Isildur and his three sons were slain in the [[Disaster of the Gladden Fields]].<ref name="Gladden"/> Arnor would eventually (in {{TA|10}}<ref name="TA"/>) be ruled by Isildur’s fourth son, [[Valandil (King of Arnor)|Valandil]], but in the South Meneldil assumed full kingship, which was inherited by his descendants. Gondor would not be ruled by an heir of Isildur until the ascension of [[Aragorn]].<br />
<br />
Not much is known about his reign other than a Gondorian scholar wrote the ''[[Ondonóre Nómesseron Minaþurie]]''.<ref>{{VT|42}}, "[[The Rivers and Beacon-Hills of Gondor]]"</ref><br />
<br />
He was succeeded by his son [[Cemendur (King of Gondor)|Cemendur]].<br />
== Genealogy ==<br />
{{familytree/start}}<br />
{{familytree | | | | ELE | | | | | |ELE=[[Elendil]]<br/><small>''{{SA|3119}} - {{SA|3441|n}}''†</small>}}<br />
{{familytree | |,|-|-|^|-|-|.| | | |}}<br />
{{familytree | ISI | | | | ANA | | |ISI=[[Isildur]]<br/><small>''{{SA|3209}} - {{TA|2}}''†</small>|ANA=[[Anárion]]<br/><small>''{{SA|3219}} - {{SA|3440|n}}''†</small>}}<br />
{{familytree | |!| | | |,|-|^|-|.| |}}<br />
{{familytree | ARN | | UNN | | MEN |ARN=[[Kings of Arnor|''Kings of<br/>Arnor'']]|UNN=''Three children''<br/><small>''unknown''</small>|MEN='''MENELDIL'''<br/><small>''{{SA|3318}} - {{TA|158}}''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | |!| |}}<br />
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | CEM |CEM=[[Cemendur (King of Gondor)|Cemendur]]<br/><small>''{{SA|3399}} - {{TA|238}}''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | |!| |}}<br />
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | EAR |EAR=[[Eärendil (King of Gondor)|Eärendil]]<br/><small>''{{TA|48}} - {{TA|324|n}}''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree/end}}<br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
''Meneldil'' is [[Quenya]] for "Astronomer",<ref>{{L|297}}, p. 386</ref> literally "Lover of Heavens" (from ''[[Menel]]'' + ''[[-dil]]'').<br />
<br />
== Other versions of the legendarium ==<br />
In ''[[The Peoples of Middle-earth]]'', in Section VII "[[The Heirs of Elendil]]", [[Christopher Tolkien]] explained that there were three manuscripts in the textual history of this section. Manuscript A contained the information about the Southern Line of Gondor, and from its condition it appeared to be the first stage of composition. Manuscript B added the Northern Line, and began as a fair copy of A for the Southern line but became heavily emended. Manuscript B led to Manuscript C, a fine copy (but with later emendations), which led to a final typescript D. In the earlier Manuscripts A and B, Meneldil's date of birth was {{SA|3299}} instead of {{SA|3318}}. It was Isildur's son Kiryandil who was born in 3318 and thus was the last man born in Númenor.<ref name="Elendil"/><br />
<br />
{{references}}<br />
{{seq-start}}<br />
{{seq-head<br />
| race=numenorean<br />
| house=[[House of Anárion]]<br />
| born={{SA|3318}}<br />
| died={{TA|158}}<br />
}}<br />
{{seq<br />
| prev=[[Isildur]]<small><br>(and [[Anárion]])</small><br />
| list=3rd [[King of Gondor]]<br />
| dates={{TA|2}} – {{TA|158|n}}<br />
| next=[[Cemendur (King of Gondor)|Cemendur]]<br />
}}<br />
{{seq-end}}<br />
{{southernline}}<br />
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]<br />
[[Category:Gondorians]]<br />
[[Category:House of Anárion]]<br />
[[Category:Númenóreans]]<br />
[[Category:Quenya names]]<br />
[[Category:Rulers of Gondor]]<br />
[[Category:Second Age characters]]<br />
[[Category:Third Age characters]]<br />
[[de:Meneldil]]<br />
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/hommes/3a/dunedain/gondoriens/meneldil]]<br />
[[fi:Meneldil]]</div>Kulid123https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Elendil&diff=315988Elendil2020-06-23T03:40:17Z<p>Kulid123: /* Portrayal in adaptations */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{disambig-two|the [[High King of the Dúnedain|High King]] of [[Gondor]] and [[Arnor]]|earlier [[King of Númenor|King]] of [[Númenor]]|[[Tar-Elendil]]}}<br />
{{numenorean infobox<br />
| name=Elendil<br />
| image=[[File:Kimberly - Elendil.jpg|250px]]<br />
| caption="Elendil" by [[:Category:Images by Kimberly|Kimberly]]<br />
| pronun=<br />
| othernames=''Nimruzîr'' ([[Adûnaic|A]])<br />
| titles=The Fair, Great King, [[High King (Dúnedain)|High King]], King of all the Dúnedain, [[King of Arnor]], [[King of Gondor]], King of the Southern Realm, Lord of Arnor and Gondor, The Tall, Voronda<br />
| position=<br />
| location=[[Númenor]], [[Arnor]]<br />
| affiliation=[[Faithful]], [[Last Alliance of Elves and Men]]<br />
| language=[[Sindarin]], [[Quenya]]<br />
| birth={{SA|3119}}<br />
| birthlocation=[[Númenor]]<br />
| rule={{SA|3320}} - {{SA|3441|n}} ([[High King (Dúnedain)|High King]])<br />
| death={{SA|3441}}<br />
| deathlocation=During [[Siege of Barad-dûr]]<br />
| age=322<br />
| notablefor=Founded the [[Kingdoms of the Dúnedain]] and later the [[Last Alliance]] with [[Gil-Galad]]<br />
| house=[[House of Elros]], founded the [[House of Elendil]]<br />
| parentage=[[Amandil]]<br />
| siblings=<br />
| spouse=<br />
| children=[[Isildur]] & [[Anárion]] <br />
| gender=Male<br />
| height=7'11" (2.41 m) <br />
| hair=Brown<br />
| eyes=<br />
| clothing=<br />
| weapons=[[Narsil]]<br />
| steed=<br />
}}<br />
'''Elendil''' was the father of [[Isildur]] and [[Anárion]], a survivor of the [[Downfall of Númenor]], and the founder and first [[High King (Dúnedain)|High King]] of the [[Dúnedain]] in [[Middle-earth]]. <br />
<br />
Elendil was also known as '''Elendil the Tall''', being the tallest of Men who escaped the Downfall (mentioned to be almost 2.5 [[Ranga|rangar]] tall, 7'11" or 2.41 m).<ref>{{UT|Linear}}</ref> <br />
<br />
==History==<br />
Elendil was born in [[Númenor]]. He was the son of [[Amandil]], the last [[Lords of Andúnië|Lord of Andúnië]] and leader of the [[Faithful]]. He was probably named after his ancestor, [[Tar-Elendil]], an ancient [[King of Númenor]]; his name also signified his and his family's devotion and friendship to the [[Elves]] as [[Elf-friend]]s, preserving the old beliefs in [[Ilúvatar]] and reverence for the [[Valar]]. Like his father, he stood against the barbarous practices of [[Ar-Pharazôn]] the King and [[Sauron]] his advisor. <br />
[[File:Abe Papakhian - Elendil and Sons.jpg|thumb|left|Abe Papakhian - ''Elendil and Sons'']]<br />
On the advice of his father, who foresaw the coming destruction of Númenor, Elendil put nine ships off the eastern coast and loaded all his people and possessions aboard them. Amandil then followed the actions of their ancestor, [[Eärendil]] and left Númenor attempting to warn the Valar of their King's folly.<ref name="Akallabeth">{{S|Akallabeth}}</ref><br />
<br />
When the catastrophic [[Downfall of Númenor|Downfall]] occurred in {{SA|3319}}, Elendil, his sons [[Isildur]] and [[Anárion]], and their supporters fled to [[Middle-earth]],<ref name="SA">{{App|SA}}</ref> sailing east in the nine ships. With them they took the ''[[palantíri]]'', the "Seeing Stones" that were given to the Lords of Andúnië by the Elves of [[Tol Eressëa]], the [[Sceptre of Annúminas]], the [[Ring of Barahir]], [[Narsil]] which Elendil kept as his sword, and a seedling of [[White Tree of Númenor|Nimloth]], the White Tree of Númenor.<ref name="Akallabeth"/><br />
[[File:Ted Nasmith - The Ships of the Faithful.jpg|thumb|[[Ted Nasmith]] - ''The Ships of the Faithful'']]<br />
The ships became separated during the tumultuous voyage to Middle-earth; while Isildur and Anárion landed in the more southerly lands near the haven of the Faithful at [[Pelargir]], Elendil and his people arrived at the northwest near [[Lindon]]. For this reason there were two kingdoms of the Númenóreans in exile, [[Arnor]] in the north and [[Gondor]] in the south.<ref name="Rings">{{S|Rings}}</ref> After Elendil finally landed in Middle-earth, he proclaimed an [[Elendil's Oath|oath]] in [[Quenya]]: "''Et Eärello Endorenna utúlien. Sinome maruvan ar Hildinyar tenn' Ambar-metta''" ("Out of the [[Belegaer|Great Sea]] to Middle-earth I am come. In this place will I abide, and my heirs, unto the ending of the world"). His heir and great-grandson by 39 generations [[Aragorn|Aragorn II]] spoke these words again when he took up the crown of Gondor as King [[Aragorn|Elessar]] at the beginning of the [[Fourth Age]].<ref>{{RK|VI5}}</ref><br />
<br />
Elendil founded the city of [[Annúminas]] in Arnor. His son Anárion established the city of [[Minas Anor]] in [[Anórien]], and Isildur founded [[Minas Ithil]] in [[Ithilien]]. Elendil, however, ruled as [[High King (Dúnedain)|High King]]. In both realms were built towers for the ''palantíri'', with which the lords kept contact.<ref name="Rings"/><br />
<br />
[[Sauron]], having lost his shape in the [[Downfall of Númenor]], returned to Middle-earth as a shadow and a black wind over the sea. It came to [[Mordor]], next to Gondor, where Sauron wrought a new guise.<ref name="Akallabeth"/> In {{SA|3429}} Sauron attacked, seizing [[Minas Ithil]]. Isildur fled north to his father, leaving Anárion in charge of Gondor. In response, Elendil formed an [[Last Alliance of Elves and Men|alliance]] with [[Gil-galad]], the [[High King of the Noldor]], to repel Sauron's assault.<ref name="SA"/> It is said that Elendil bound the [[Last Alliance]] with an oath and invoked the name of [[Eru]] to witness it.<ref name=Cirion>{{UT|Cirion}}</ref> <br />
<br />
The combined forces marched east to [[Imladris]] in {{SA|3431}}. In {{SA|3434|n}}, they passed the [[Misty Mountains]] and south together and fought in the [[War of the Last Alliance]] of Elves and Men. Elendil fought valiantly at the [[Battle of Dagorlad]].<ref name="SA"/><br />
[[File:Abe Papakhian - I Behold (colour).jpg|thumb|left|Abe Papakhian ''I Behold'']]<br />
At the end of the long [[Siege of Barad-dûr]], in the year {{SA|3441}}, Sauron came out to personally do battle. Gil-galad and Elendil fought Sauron and cast him down, but were both slain,<ref name="SA"/> and Elendil's sword [[Narsil]] was broken when he fell. Isildur used the broken sword to cut [[the One Ring]] from Sauron's hand. However, despite the urgings of [[Elrond]] and [[Cirdan]], Isildur chose not to destroy the Ring at [[Mount Doom]] and was eventually betrayed by the Ring in the [[Disaster of the Gladden Fields]], slain by [[Orcs]].<ref name="Rings"/><br />
<br />
==Legacy==<br />
Elendil was a great warrior, a wise king, and a heroic figure among the [[Dúnedain]]. Isildur built a hidden [[Tomb of Elendil|tomb for his father]] on the summit of the beacon hill that was named [[Amon Anwar]] ("hill of awe" in [[Sindarin]]). Its presence was considered great enough to hallow the entire hill, even to the [[Rohirrim]], who called it Halifirien ("holy mountain" in [[Rohirric]]).<ref name="Cirion">{{UT|Cirion}}</ref><br />
<br />
After the founding of [[Rohan]], the [[Steward]] [[Cirion]] moved Elendil's remains to the [[Hallows]] of [[Minas Tirith]].<ref name="Cirion"/><br />
<br />
Millennia after Elendil's death, [[Aragorn]], the [[Heir of Isildur]], invoked the name of Elendil as a battle cry during the [[War of the Ring]].<ref>{{HM|FR}}</ref><ref>{{HM|TT}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Genealogy==<br />
<div style="overflow-x: scroll; overflow-y: hidden; border: 1px solid #AAAAAA; padding: 3px; background: #EEEEEE;"><br />
{{familytree/start}}<br />
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ELR | | | | | | |ELR=[[Elros]]<br/><small>''{{FA|532}} - {{SA|442}}''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | |F|~|A|~|7| | | | | |}}<br />
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | AND | | NUM | | | | |AND=[[Lords of Andúnië|''Lords of<br/>Andúnië'']]|NUM=[[King of Númenor|''Kings of<br/>Númenor'']]}}<br />
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | |}}<br />
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | NUM | | | | | | | | |NUM=[[Númendil]]<br/><small>''unknown''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | |}}<br />
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | AMA | | | | | | | | |AMA=[[Amandil]]<br/><small>''Sailed west {{SA|3316}}''†</small>}}<br />
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | |}}<br />
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | ELE | | | | | | | | |ELE='''ELENDIL'''<br/><small>''{{SA|3119}} - {{SA|3441|n}}''†</small>}}<br />
{{familytree | | | | | | | |,|-|-|-|-|-|^|-|-|-|-|-|.| | | |}}<br />
{{familytree | | | | | | | ISI | | | | | | | | | | ANA | | |ISI=[[Isildur]]<br/><small>''{{SA|3209}} - {{TA|2}}''†</small>|ANA=[[Anárion]]<br/><small>''{{SA|3219}} - {{SA|3440|n}}''†</small>}}<br />
{{familytree | |,|-|-|-|v|-|^|-|v|-|-|-|.| | | |,|-|^|-|.| |}}<br />
{{familytree | ELE | | ARA | | CIR | | VAL | | UNN | | MEN |ELE=[[Elendur (son of Isildur)|Elendur]]<br/><small>''{{SA|3299}} - {{TA|2}}''†</small>|ARA=[[Aratan]]<br/><small>''{{SA|3339}} - {{TA|2}}''†</small>|CIR=[[Ciryon]]<br/><small>''{{SA|3379}} - {{TA|2}}''†</small>|VAL=[[Valandil (King of Arnor)|Valandil]]<br/><small>''{{SA|3430}} - {{TA|249}}''</small>|UNN=''Three children''<br/><small>''unknown''</small>|MEN=[[Meneldil]]<br/><small>''{{SA|3318}} - {{TA|158}}''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | |:| | | | | | | |:| |}}<br />
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | ARN | | | | | | GON |ARN=[[Kings of Arnor|''Kings of<br/>Arnor'']]|GON=[[Kings of Gondor|''Kings of<br/>Gondor'']]}}<br />
{{familytree/end}}<br />
</div><br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
{{Pronounce|Elendil.mp3|Ardamir}}<br />
''Elendil'' actually means "Lover of the Stars" in [[Quenya]].<ref>{{WJ|Author}}, p. 410</ref><br />
<br />
For the [[Edain]] it was intended to signify "[[Elf-friends|Elf-friend]]" ([[Adûnaic]] ''[[Nimruzîrim|Nimruzîr]]''),<ref>{{SD|67}}, p. 247</ref> since they tended to confuse the Quenya element [[EL]] for both "Elf" and "star".<br />
<br />
==Other versions of the legendarium==<br />
<br />
The chieftain of the alliance against [[Thû]] (Sauron) is named ''Amroth'' both in the outline<ref>{{LR|P1II1}}, p. 12</ref> and the first version of [[The Fall of Númenor]].<ref>{{LR|P1II2}}, p. 18</ref> The name ''Elendil'' is given for first time in the second version.<ref>{{LR|P1II3}}, pp. 28-29</ref><br />
<br />
==Portrayal in adaptations==<br />
{{Gallery<br />
|title=Elendil in adaptations<br />
|width=250<br />
|height=150<br />
|lines=2<br />
|File:The Lord of the Rings - The Motion Picture Trilogy - Elendil.jpg|Elendil in ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]''<br />
|File:The Lord of the Rings Online - Elendil.jpg|Elendil in ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]''<br />
}}<br />
'''2001: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]'':'''<br />
:In the film's prologue, Elendil is played by [[Peter McKenzie]]. Unlike in the books, Elendil is killed by a blow of [[Sauron]] instead of having a part in destroying him with [[Gil-galad]]. Instead, [[Isildur]] deals the fatal blow to the still-living Sauron by cutting off his fingers with the broken blade of [[Narsil]], and, with them, the [[The One Ring|ring of power]].<br />
<br />
'''2007: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''<br />
:Elendil appears in several flashbacks depicting the the [[War of the Last Alliance]]. His ultimate fate is more accurate to the books than the film version, showing Elendil and [[Gil-galad]] both battling and defeating [[Sauron]] at the cost of their lives, with Elendil dealing the killing blow.<br />
<br />
{{References}}<br />
{{seq-start}}<br />
{{seq-head<br />
| race=numenorean<br />
| house=[[House of Elros]]<br />
| born={{SA|3119}}<br />
| died={{SA|3441}}<br />
}}<br />
{{seq<br />
| prev=Position created<br />
| pvac=None<br />
| prow=3<br />
| list=1st [[High King (Dúnedain)|High King]]<br />
| dates={{SA|3320}} – {{SA|3441|n}}<br />
| next=[[Isildur]]<br />
}}<br />
{{seq<br />
| list=1st [[Kings of Arnor|King of Arnor]]<br />
| dates={{SA|3320}} – {{SA|3441|n}}<br />
| next=[[Isildur]]<br />
}}<br />
{{seq<br />
| list=1st [[Kings of Gondor|King of Gondor]]<br />
| dates={{SA|3320}} – {{SA|3441|n}}<br />
| next=[[Isildur]]<small><br>(and [[Anárion]])</small><br />
}}<br />
{{seq-end}}<br />
{{northernline}}<br />
{{southernline}}<br />
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]<br />
[[Category:Dúnedain]]<br />
[[Category:Faithful of Númenor]]<br />
[[Category:House of Elendil| ]]<br />
[[Category:House of Elros]]<br />
[[Category:Quenya names]]<br />
[[Category:Rulers of Arnor]]<br />
[[Category:Rulers of Gondor]]<br />
[[Category:Second Age characters]]</div>Kulid123https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=An%C3%A1rion&diff=315987Anárion2020-06-23T03:33:59Z<p>Kulid123: </p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
{{disambig-two|the son of Elendil|King of [[Númenor]]|[[Tar-Anárion]]}}<br />
{{numenorean infobox<br />
| name=Anárion<br />
| image=[[File:Liz Danforth - Anárion.jpg|250px]]<br />
| caption="Anárion" by [[Liz Danforth]]<br />
| pronun=<br />
| othernames=<br />
| titles=[[King of Gondor]]<br />
| position=<br />
| location=[[Númenor]], [[Gondor]]<br />
| affiliation=[[Faithful]], [[Last Alliance of Elves and Men]]<br />
| language=[[Quenya]], [[Sindarin]]<br />
| birth={{SA|3219}}<br />
| birthlocation=[[Andúnië]], [[Númenor]]<br />
| rule={{SA|3320}} - {{SA|3440|n}} (Joint rule) <br />
| death={{SA|3440}}<br />
| deathlocation=During [[Siege of Barad-dûr]]<br />
| age=221<br />
| notablefor=Founded [[Gondor]] with [[Isildur]]<br />
| house=[[House of Elendil]], founded the [[House of Anárion]]<br />
| parentage=[[Elendil]]<br />
| siblings=[[Isildur]]<br />
| spouse=<br />
| children=Three unnamed children, [[Meneldil]]<br />
| gender=Male<br />
| height=<br />
| hair=<br />
| eyes=<br />
| clothing=<br />
| weapons=<br />
| steed=<br />
}}<br />
{{Pronounce|Anarion.mp3|Ardamir}}<br />
'''Anárion''' ([[Quenya|Q]]: "[[sun]]-son", pron. {{IPA|[aˈnaːri.on]}}, stem ''Anáriond-'') was the second son of [[Elendil]] and the brother of [[Isildur]].<ref name="Rings">{{S|Rings}}</ref> His son [[Meneldil]] was the last man born in [[Númenor]] before its [[Downfall of Númenor|Downfall]].<ref name="Gladden">{{UT|Gladden}}, Note 10</ref><br />
<br />
==History==<br />
Anárion, together with his father and brother, were the leaders of the [[Faithful]], the small minority of [[Númenóreans]] that resisted the dark rule of [[Ar-Pharazôn]] and his councilor [[Sauron]]. In {{SA|3319}}, when [[Ar-Pharazôn]] assailed the land of [[Aman]],<ref name="SA">{{App|SA}}</ref> nine ships of the Faithful escaped to the east (four for Elendil, three for Isildur, and two for Anárion).<ref>{{S|Akallabeth}}</ref> They were separated by the great storm that arose during the [[Downfall of Númenor|Downfall]]. Elendil landed in northern [[Middle-earth]] near [[Lindon]] and there established the realm of [[Arnor]]. Isildur and Anárion, however, landed in the south and founded the realm of [[Gondor]] in {{SA|3320|n}} about the [[Mouths of Anduin]].<ref name="Rings"/> <br />
<br />
Together, Anárion and Isildur were chiefly responsible for the early ordering of Gondor, and their thrones were set side by side in the Great Hall of [[Osgiliath]]. In the city of [[Minas Anor]], Anárion established his house while Isildur set up his in [[Minas Ithil]].<br />
<br />
Sauron also survived the [[Downfall of Númenor]] and reentered [[Mordor]] in {{SA|3320|n}}. In {{SA|3429|n}}, Sauron attacked Gondor with a force great enough to [[Fall of Minas Ithil|take Minas Ithil]] and force Isildur to flee. Whilst Isildur, his wife, and his sons sailed from Gondor seeking Elendil’s aid, Anárion defended Osgiliath and was able to drive his forces back into the mountains. Yet Sauron gathered greater strength and Anárion knew that without succor Gondor would fall.<ref name="SA"/><ref name="Rings"/><br />
<br />
Aid did arrive when Elendil, Isildur, and the [[Men of Arnor]], in league with the [[High King of the Noldor]], [[Gil-galad]], formed the [[Last Alliance of Elves and Men]] and marched south. Anárion led the [[Gondorians]] to the [[Dagorlad|plain]] between [[Cirith Gorgor]] and the [[Dead Marshes]] and fought in the [[Battle of Dagorlad]] alongside the alliance. The allies entered [[Mordor]] and laid the [[Siege of Barad-dûr]], but Anárion was slain by a thrown rock in {{SA|3440|n}}.<ref name="Elendil">{{PM|Elendil}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Legacy==<br />
Anárion had four children, the youngest of whom was a son, [[Meneldil]].<ref group="note">The records only state that Meneldil was Anárion's "4th child"; these would either be daughters or sons who died before Meneldil succeeded his uncle.</ref> It is said that he was well-pleased at the departure of Isildur and his sons.<ref name="Gladden"/> After the [[Disaster of the Gladden Fields]], Meneldil became the first independent [[King of Gondor]] and the two realms in exile were estranged. <br />
<br />
Anárion's war-helm, which was also used as a crown, was crushed when he was killed. The war-helm of [[Isildur]] was used for the [[Crown of Gondor|crowning]] of the [[Kings of Gondor]].<ref>{{App|Eriador}}</ref><br />
<br />
The Line of Anárion lasted over two thousand years. In honor of the founding co-rulers, when [[Rómendacil II]] built the [[Argonath]] he had the Pillars of the Kings carved in the likenesses of Anárion and Isildur.<ref>{{App|Gondor}}</ref> Yet the line of Anárion dwindled and finally disappeared when King [[Eärnur]] died childless. From that time forth the [[Stewards of Gondor|Ruling Stewards]] ruled in the name of the [[House of Anárion]].<ref>{{RK|V7}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Genealogy ==<br />
{{familytree/start}}<br />
{{familytree | | | | AMA | | | | | |AMA=[[Amandil]]<br/><small>''Sailed west {{SA|3316}}''†</small>}}<br />
{{familytree | | | | |!| | | | | | |}}<br />
{{familytree | | | | ELE | | | | | |ELE=[[Elendil]]<br/><small>''{{SA|3119}} - {{SA|3441|n}}''†</small>}}<br />
{{familytree | |,|-|-|^|-|-|.| | | |}}<br />
{{familytree | ISI | | | | ANA | | |ISI=[[Isildur]]<br/><small>''{{SA|3209}} - {{TA|2}}''†</small>|ANA='''ANÁRION'''<br/><small>''{{SA|3219}} - {{SA|3440|n}}''†</small>}}<br />
{{familytree | |!| | | |,|-|^|-|.| |}}<br />
{{familytree | ARN | | UNN | | MEN |ARN=[[Kings of Arnor|''Kings of<br/>Arnor'']]|UNN=''Three children''<br/><small>''unknown''</small>|MEN=[[Meneldil]]<br/><small>''{{SA|3318}} - {{TA|158}}''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | |!| |}}<br />
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | CEM |CEM=[[Cemendur (King of Gondor)|Cemendur]]<br/><small>''{{SA|3399}} - {{TA|238}}''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree/end}}<br />
<br />
== Other versions of the legendarium ==<br />
<br />
In ''[[The Peoples of Middle-earth]]'', in Section VII "[[The Heirs of Elendil]]", [[Christopher Tolkien]] explained that there were three manuscripts in the textual history of this section. Manuscript A contained the information about the Southern Line of Gondor, and from its condition it appeared to be the first stage of composition. Manuscript B added the Northern Line, and began as a fair copy of A for the Southern line but became heavily emended. Manuscript B led to Manuscript C, a fine copy (but with later emendations), which led to a final typescript D. In the earlier Manuscripts A and B, Anárion's date of birth was {{SA|3209}} instead of {{SA|3219}}. It was Isildur who was born in 3219 instead of 3209 and thus Anárion was the ''older'' of Elendil's two sons.<ref name="Elendil"/><br />
<br />
==Portrayal in adaptations==<br />
{{Gallery<br />
|title=Anárion in adaptations<br />
|height=150<br />
|width=250<br />
|lines=2<br />
|File:Anarion decipher.jpg|Anárion in ''[[The Lord of the Rings Trading Card Game]]''<br />
|File:The Lord of the Rings Online - Anárion.jpg|Anárion in ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]''<br />
}}<br />
'''2001-2007: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Trading Card Game]]'':'''<br />
:Although Anárion does not appear in [[The Lord of the Rings (film series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' film series]], Decipher produced a card for the character.<br />
<br />
'''2019: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''<br />
:Anárion appears during an extended flashback set during the [[Siege of Barad-dûr]] in the year [[Second Age 3440|S.A. 3440]], shortly before his death.<br />
<br />
{{seq-start}}<br />
{{seq-head<br />
| race=numenorean<br />
| house=[[House of Elendil]]<small><br/>Cadet branch of [[House of Elros]]</small><br />
| born={{SA|3219}}<br />
| died={{SA|3440}}<br />
}}<br />
{{seq<br />
| prev=[[Elendil]]<br />
| list=2nd [[Kings of Gondor|King of Gondor]]<br />
| dates={{SA|3320}} - {{SA|3440}} (Joint rule)<br />
| next=[[Meneldil]]<br />
}}<br />
{{seq-end}}<br />
<br />
{{References|note}}<br />
{{southernline}}<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Anarion}}<br />
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]<br />
[[Category:House of Elendil]]<br />
[[Category:House of Anárion| ]]<br />
[[Category:Masculine names]]<br />
[[Category:Rulers of Gondor]]<br />
[[Category:Quenya names]]<br />
[[de:Anárion]]<br />
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/hommes/2a/numenoreens/anarion]]<br />
[[fi:Anárion]]</div>Kulid123https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Meneldil&diff=315986Meneldil2020-06-23T03:32:28Z<p>Kulid123: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{numenorean infobox<br />
| name=Meneldil<br />
| image=[[Image:Matěj Čadil - Meneldil of Gondor.jpg|250px]]<br />
| caption="Meneldil of Gondor" by [[Matěj Čadil]]<br />
| pronun=<br />
| othernames=<br />
| titles=[[Kings of Gondor|King of Gondor]]<br />
| position=<br />
| location=[[Gondor]]<br />
| affiliation=[[Last Alliance of Elves and Men]]<br />
| language=[[Sindarin]]<br />
| birth={{SA|3318}}<br />
| birthlocation=[[Rómenna]], [[Númenor]]<br />
| rule={{TA|2}} - {{TA|158}} (156 years)<br />
| death={{TA|158}}<br />
| deathlocation=[[Gondor]]<br />
| age=281<br />
| notablefor=<br />
| house=[[House of Anárion]]<br />
| parentage=[[Anárion]]<br />
| siblings=three unnamed siblings<br />
| spouse=<br />
| children=[[Cemendur (King of Gondor)|Cemendur]]<br />
| gender=Male<br />
| height=<br />
| hair=<br />
| eyes=<br />
| clothing=<br />
| weapons=<br />
| steed=<br />
}}<br />
'''Meneldil''' ({{SA|3318}}<ref name="Elendil">{{PM|Elendil}}</ref> – {{TA|158}},<ref name="TA">{{App|TA}}</ref> aged 281 years), the son of [[Anárion]] and grandson of [[High King of the Dúnedain|High King]] [[Elendil]], was the third [[King of Gondor]] and the first to rule in his own name. He reigned 156 years, from {{TA| 2}} until his death. <br />
<br />
==History==<br />
===Early Life===<br />
Meneldil was the last man born in [[Númenor]]<ref name="Gladden">{{UT|Gladden}}</ref> and was about one year old at the time of the [[Downfall of Númenor|Downfall]]. He would have been carried to [[Middle-earth]] in his father’s ship where [[Isildur]] and [[Anárion]] established a new realm, [[Gondor]], under their joint leadership.<br />
<br />
Meneldil was 111 years old when in {{SA|3429}} [[Sauron]] sent his army to attack and capture [[Minas Ithil]]. It is not known what role Meneldil may have played while his father defended [[Osgiliath]] and held the hosts of [[Mordor]] at bay. With the arrival of Elendil and [[Gil-galad]]’s forces the fortunes of the [[War of the Last Alliance]] turned, but in the hard fighting Anárion died (in {{SA|3440}}), as did Elendil (in {{SA|3441}}).<ref name="SA">{{App|SA}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Succession to Kingship===<br />
With the deaths of Elendil and Anárion, [[Arnor]] had no leader and the joint rule in [[Gondor]] was finished. [[Isildur]] returned to Gondor, assumed the [[Elendilmir]] as Arnor’s king and proclaimed his [[High King of the Dúnedain|lordship]] over all the [[Dúnedain]], [[Dúnedain of the North|North]] and [[Dúnedain of the South|South]]. While most of Arnor’s forces returned to [[Eriador]] the new King remained in the South to restore order and define Gondor’s boundaries. With Meneldil and a company of trusted friends, Isildur rode about the boundaries of Gondor and in Anórien created the [[Tomb of Elendil]] upon the hill of [[Eilenaer]], thereafter called [[Amon Anwar]].<ref>{{UT|Cirion}}</ref> <br />
<br />
When he was ready he committed the rule of Gondor to Meneldil and departed for [[Rivendell|Imladris]] with his three oldest sons to consult with [[Elrond]].<ref name="TA"/><ref name="Gladden"/> It is said that Meneldil was quite pleased to see his uncle and his sons leave for the North, hoping that they would remain there long.<ref>{{UT| Gladden}}, Note 10</ref> Then, a month after their departure, Isildur and his three sons were slain in the [[Disaster of the Gladden Fields]].<ref name="Gladden"/> Arnor would eventually (in {{TA|10}}<ref name="TA"/>) be ruled by Isildur’s fourth son, [[Valandil (King of Arnor)|Valandil]], but in the South Meneldil assumed full kingship, which was inherited by his descendants. Gondor would not be ruled by an heir of Isildur until the ascension of [[Aragorn]].<br />
<br />
Not much is known about his reign other than a Gondorian scholar wrote the ''[[Ondonóre Nómesseron Minaþurie]]''.<ref>{{VT|42}}, "[[The Rivers and Beacon-Hills of Gondor]]"</ref><br />
<br />
He was succeeded by his son [[Cemendur (King of Gondor)|Cemendur]].<br />
== Genealogy ==<br />
{{familytree/start}}<br />
{{familytree | | | | ELE | | | | | |ELE=[[Elendil]]<br/><small>''{{SA|3119}} - {{SA|3441|n}}''†</small>}}<br />
{{familytree | |,|-|-|^|-|-|.| | | |}}<br />
{{familytree | ISI | | | | ANA | | |ISI=[[Isildur]]<br/><small>''{{SA|3209}} - {{TA|2}}''†</small>|ANA=[[Anárion]]<br/><small>''{{SA|3219}} - {{SA|3440|n}}''†</small>}}<br />
{{familytree | |!| | | |,|-|^|-|.| |}}<br />
{{familytree | ARN | | UNN | | MEN |ARN=[[Kings of Arnor|''Kings of<br/>Arnor'']]|UNN=''Three children''<br/><small>''unknown''</small>|MEN='''MENELDIL'''<br/><small>''{{SA|3318}} - {{TA|158}}''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | |!| |}}<br />
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | CEM |CEM=[[Cemendur (King of Gondor)|Cemendur]]<br/><small>''{{SA|3399}} - {{TA|238}}''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | |!| |}}<br />
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | EAR |EAR=[[Eärendil (King of Gondor)|Eärendil]]<br/><small>''{{TA|48}} - {{TA|324|n}}''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree/end}}<br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
''Meneldil'' is [[Quenya]] for "Astronomer",<ref>{{L|297}}, p. 386</ref> literally "Lover of Heavens" (from ''[[Menel]]'' + ''[[-dil]]'').<br />
<br />
== Other versions of the legendarium ==<br />
In ''[[The Peoples of Middle-earth]]'', in Section VII "[[The Heirs of Elendil]]", [[Christopher Tolkien]] explained that there were three manuscripts in the textual history of this section. Manuscript A contained the information about the Southern Line of Gondor, and from its condition it appeared to be the first stage of composition. Manuscript B added the Northern Line, and began as a fair copy of A for the Southern line but became heavily emended. Manuscript B led to Manuscript C, a fine copy (but with later emendations), which led to a final typescript D. In the earlier Manuscripts A and B, Meneldil's date of birth was {{SA|3299}} instead of {{SA|3318}}. It was Isildur's son Kiryandil who was born in 3318 and thus was the last man born in Númenor.<ref name="Elendil"/><br />
<br />
{{references}}<br />
{{seq-start}}<br />
{{seq-head<br />
| race=numenorean<br />
| house=[[House of Anárion]]<br />
| born={{SA|3318}}<br />
| died={{TA|158}}<br />
}}<br />
{{seq<br />
| prev=[[Isildur]]<br>(and [[Anárion]])<br />
| list=3rd [[King of Gondor]]<br />
| dates={{TA|2}} – {{TA|158|n}}<br />
| next=[[Cemendur (King of Gondor)|Cemendur]]<br />
}}<br />
{{seq-end}}<br />
{{southernline}}<br />
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]<br />
[[Category:Gondorians]]<br />
[[Category:House of Anárion]]<br />
[[Category:Númenóreans]]<br />
[[Category:Quenya names]]<br />
[[Category:Rulers of Gondor]]<br />
[[Category:Second Age characters]]<br />
[[Category:Third Age characters]]<br />
[[de:Meneldil]]<br />
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/hommes/3a/dunedain/gondoriens/meneldil]]<br />
[[fi:Meneldil]]</div>Kulid123https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Isildur&diff=315985Isildur2020-06-23T03:26:26Z<p>Kulid123: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{numenorean infobox<br />
| name=Isildur<br />
| image=[[File:Liz Danforth - Isildur.png|250px]]<br />
| caption="Isildur" by [[Liz Danforth]]<br />
| pronun=<br />
| othernames=<br />
| titles=Great King, [[High King (Dúnedain)|High King]], King of all the Dúnedain, [[King of Arnor]], [[King of Gondor]], King of the Southern Realm, Lord of Arnor and Gondor<br />
| position=<br />
| location=[[Númenor]], [[Gondor]]<br />
| affiliation=[[Faithful]], [[Last Alliance of Elves and Men]]<br />
| language=[[Sindarin]], [[Quenya]]<br />
| birth={{SA|3209}}<br />
| birthlocation=[[Númenor]]<br />
| rule={{SA|3320}} - {{SA|3440}} (Joint rule of [[Gondor]])<br>{{SA|3441}} - {{TA|2}} ([[High King (Dúnedain)|High King]])<br />
| death=[[5 October]], {{TA|2}}<br />
| deathlocation=[[Disaster of the Gladden Fields]]<br />
| age=234<br />
| notablefor=Founded [[Gondor]] with [[Anárion]] and later cut the [[One Ring]] from the hand of [[Sauron]]<br />
| house=[[House of Elendil]], founded [[House of Isildur]]<br />
| parentage=[[Elendil]]<br />
| siblings=[[Anárion]]<br />
| spouse=<br />
| children=[[Elendur (son of Isildur)|Elendur]], [[Aratan]], [[Ciryon]] & [[Valandil (King of Arnor)|Valandil]]<br />
| gender=Male<br />
| height=Nigh 7 feet<br />
| hair=Black<br />
| eyes=Grey<br />
| clothing=<br />
| weapons=[[Narsil]]<br />
| steed=<br />
}}{{Pronounce|Isildur.mp3|Ardamir}}<br />
'''Isildur''' was the eldest son and heir of [[Elendil]], the first [[High King (Dúnedain)|High King]] of the [[Realms in Exile]]. <br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
===Early Years in Númenor===<br />
Isildur was born in Númenor in {{SA|3209}}. He was the elder son of Elendil, son of [[Amandil]], the last [[Lords of Andúnië|Lord of Andúnië]]. His younger brother was [[Anárion]]. While living in the island realm he married and his first son, [[Elendur (son of Isildur)|Elendur]] was born in {{SA|3299|n}}.<ref name="Elendil">{{PM|Elendil}}</ref><br />
<br />
Isildur learned from Amandil that King [[Ar-Pharazôn]], under the influence of [[Sauron]], purposed to cut down [[Nimloth of Númenor|Nimloth]]. One night Isildur went in disguise to [[Armenelos]] and from the courts of the King stole a fruit from the tree before it was cut down, thus preserving the line of the [[White Tree of Gondor|White Tree]]. It is said that he received grievous wounds from the King's guards before escaping but that they all healed when a leaf first appeared on the sapling that grew from the fruit he had taken.<ref name="Akallabeth">{{S|Akallabeth}}</ref><br />
<br />
When Ar-Pharazôn ordered the [[Great Armament]] to assail the land of [[Aman]], Elendil and his sons prepared ships to escape from Númenor. In the ship of Isildur was guarded the young White Tree.<ref name="Akallabeth"/> When the [[Downfall of Númenor]] came in {{SA|3319|n}}<ref name="SA">{{App|SA}}</ref> Elendil and his son escaped in nine ships – four for Elendil, three for Isildur, and two for Anárion.<ref name="Akallabeth"/><br />
<br />
===Joint Rule of Gondor===<br />
In the great storm that came with the drowning of Númenor the nine ships of the Exiles were borne to the east and scattered. Elendil was cast up in the land of [[Lindon]], passed up the River [[Lhûn]], and founded the realm of [[Arnor]]. Isildur and Anárion were carried to the south. Arriving at the mouths of the [[Anduin]], they ascended the great river and founded the realm of [[Gondor]].<ref name="Rings">{{S|Rings}}</ref> While the Exiles were establishing their [[Realms in Exile]] in {{SA|3320}} however, Sauron had also escaped and re-established his power in [[Mordor]] .<ref name="SA"/><br />
<br />
Isildur set up his house in [[Minas Ithil]], where he planted the White Tree, while Anárion established his household in [[Minas Anor]]. However, they jointly ruled the kingdom and set up thrones side by side in the Great Hall of [[Osgiliath]].<ref name="Rings"/> Isildur and his wife had two more sons, [[Aratan]] (in {{SA|3339|n}}) and [[Ciryon]] (in {{SA|3379|n}}), while living in Gondor.<ref name="Elendil"/><br />
<br />
In {{SA|3429|n}} [[Sauron]] captured Minas Ithil and burnt the White Tree. Yet Isildur escaped with his wife and sons, and a seedling of the White Tree. While Anárion held Osgiliath, Isildur and his family sailed down the Anduin, then northwest his father in [[Arnor]] and to [[Gil-galad]] in [[Lindon]].<ref name="Rings"/><ref name="SA"/><br />
<br />
===The War of the Last Alliance===<br />
In {{SA|3430}}, the same year that Isildur's fourth son [[Valandil (King of Arnor)|Valandil]] was born, Isildur's father Elendil and Gil-galad formed the [[Last Alliance of Elves and Men]]. The army of the Alliance marched to [[Rivendell|Imladris]] in {{SA|3431|n}}, where Isildur left his wife and Valandil before the host moved on. In {{SA|3434|n}} the combined armies of Elves and Men crossed the [[Misty Mountains]] and marched on to the [[Dagorlad]]. There the forces of Sauron were defeated and he retreated into the [[Barad-dûr]] to withstand a siege.<ref name="SA"/><br />
<br />
The siege lasted seven years, but finally Elendil and Gil-galad threw down Sauron, thus winning the battle though both were slain and Elendil's sword [[Narsil]] broke under him as he fell. Isildur took the hilt shard of his father's sword and cut [[the One Ring]] from Sauron's finger. Ignoring the advice of [[Elrond]] and [[Círdan]], lieutenant of Gil-galad, Isildur did not destroy the Ring; instead he claimed it as a weregild for the deaths of his father and brother, and an heirloom for his House. <ref name="Rings"/><br />
<br />
===Triumph and Disaster===<br />
After the fall of Sauron, Isildur returned to Gondor and assumed the [[Elendilmir]], proclaiming his Kingship in Arnor and sovereign lordship over the [[Dúnedain]] in both the North and the South. <ref name="Gladden">{{UT|Gladden}}</ref><ref>{{App|Gondor}}</ref> He remained for a year in the South, planted the seedling of the White Tree in Minas Anor in memory of his brother [[Anárion]], put the realm to order, and instructed his nephew [[Meneldil]], son of Anárion, in the governance of the land.<ref name=ta>{{App|TA}}</ref> With Meneldil and a company of trusted friends, Isildur rode about the boundaries of Gondor and in [[Anórien]] created the [[Tomb of Elendil|tomb]] and memorial of Elendil upon the hill of [[Eilenaer]], thereafter called [[Amon Anwar]].<ref>{{UT|Cirion}}</ref> While he remained there, he wrote an [[Scroll of Isildur|account]] on how he acquired the Ring, its significance to his [[House of Isildur|House]] and where he transcribed a [[Ring Verse|verse]] around the Ring while it was still hot.<ref>{{FR|Council}}</ref><br />
<br />
When Isildur finally felt free to leave he committed the rule of Gondor to Meneldil and with his three sons<ref name=ta/> departed on [[5 September|5]] [[Ivanneth]], {{TA|2}}. Instead of heading west and then north they journeyed northwards along the Anduin in order to first come to Imladris where his wife and little son Valandil were.<ref name="Rings"/> On the thirtieth day of the journey, [[5 October|5]] [[Narbeleth]], the King, his sons, and his Guard of two hundred knights and soldiers reached the northern borders of the [[Gladden Fields]]. Isildur believed that all soldiers of the Enemy perished so his camp was unguarded.<ref name="Rings"/> There they were ambushed by a band of [[Orcs]] said to be ten times their number.<br />
<br />
As the Orcs closed in, Isildur sent his esquire [[Ohtar]] with one companion to fly with the shards of Narsil. The enemy charged and charged again. One by one Isildur's sons died about him;<ref name=ta/> Elendur was the last and he insisted that Isildur leave with the One Ring. Isildur placed the Ring upon his finger and vanished from the [[Disaster of the Gladden Fields|battle]].<br />
<br />
The Orcs could still sense his smell<ref name="Rings"/> and Isildur ran to the Anduin and swam across the river. It was during this effort that the One Ring slipped from his finger. As he struggled to escape the reeds and rushes on the shore a small party of Orcs spotted him and shot him. He fell back into the water and no trace of him was found by Elves or Men.<ref name="Gladden"/><br />
<br />
===Legacy===<br />
The [[House of Isildur|line of Isildur]] continued, for Valandil became king of Arnor. Isildur's line continued unbroken throughout the [[Third Age]] until it formed the basis for [[Aragorn]]'s claim to the kingship of Arnor and Gondor after the downfall of Sauron.<ref>{{RK|VI5}}</ref><br />
<br />
In the riddling rhyme "''Seek for the Sword that was Broken''" the Ring is referred to cryptically as ''Isildur's Bane''.<ref>{{FR|II2}}</ref><br />
<br />
After the [[War of the Ring]] the tower of [[Orthanc]] was opened, for King Elessar desired its restoration. Behind a hidden door in a steel closet was found Isildur's [[Star of Elendil|Elendilmir]]. It was surmised that [[Saruman]] had found the bones of the long-lost king and had taken the ''[[mithril]]'' fillet with its jewel for his own, possibly destroying the king's remains afterwards.<ref name="Gladden"/><br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
<br />
''Isildur'' is a [[Quenya]] name, meaning "Servant of the Moon" (''[[Ithil]]'' "Moon" + ''[[-dur]]'' "servant").<ref>{{PE|Eldarin}}, p. 28</ref><br />
<br />
== Genealogy ==<br />
{{familytree/start}}<br />
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | AMA | | | | | |AMA=[[Amandil]]<br/><small>''Sailed west {{SA|3316}}''†</small>}}<br />
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | |}}<br />
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | ELE | | | | | |ELE=[[Elendil]]<br/><small>''{{SA|3119}} - {{SA|3441|n}}''†</small>}}<br />
{{familytree | | | | | | | |,|-|-|-|-|^|-|-|-|-|.| |}}<br />
{{familytree | | | | | | | ISI | | | | | | | | ANA |ISI='''ISILDUR'''<br/><small>''{{SA|3209}} - {{TA|2}}''†</small>|ANA=[[Anárion]]<br/><small>''{{SA|3219}} - {{SA|3440|n}}''†</small>}}<br />
{{familytree | |,|-|-|-|v|-|^|-|v|-|-|-|.| | | |:| |}}<br />
{{familytree | ELE | | ARA | | CIR | | VAL | | GON |ELE=[[Elendur (son of Isildur)|Elendur]]<br/><small>''{{SA|3299}} - {{TA|2}}''†</small>|ARA=[[Aratan]]<br/><small>''{{SA|3339}} - {{TA|2}}''†</small>|CIR=[[Ciryon]]<br/><small>''{{SA|3379}} - {{TA|2}}''†</small>|VAL=[[Valandil (King of Arnor)|Valandil]]<br/><small>''{{SA|3430}} - {{TA|249}}''</small>|GON=[[Kings of Gondor|''Kings of<br/>Gondor'']]}}<br />
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | |}}<br />
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | ELD | | | | |ELD=[[Eldacar (King of Arnor)|Eldacar]]<br/><small>''{{TA|87}} - {{TA|339|n}}''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree/end}}<br />
<br />
==Portrayal in adaptations==<br />
{{Gallery<br />
|title=Isildur in adaptations<br />
|height=150<br />
|width=250<br />
|lines=2<br />
|File:The Lord of the Rings - The Motion Picture Trilogy - Isildur.jpg|[[Harry Sinclair]] as Isildur in ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]''<br />
|File:The Lord of the Rings Online - Isildur.jpg|Isildur in ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]''<br />
}}<br />
'''1978: [[The Lord of the Rings (1978 film)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (1978 film)]]:'''<br />
:Prince Isildur is mentioned in the [[Prologue: A Ring's Tale (1978 scene)|prologue]], and he is shown to cut the Ring off Sauron's hand in battle, rather than from a defeated Sauron.<br />
<br />
'''2001-2002: [[The Lord of the Rings (film series)|''The Lord of the Rings'' (film series)]]:'''<br />
:Isildur briefly appears in the first scenes of [[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring|the first film]], as well as an extended flashback scene. Isildur is played by [[Harry Sinclair]]. Sinclair, a friend of [[Peter Jackson]], was asked because he was the most corrupt looking person Jackson knew. Sinclair had only one line, "No!", which was dubbed by [[Hugo Weaving]]. <br />
<br />
:In the movie, Isildur apparently is the last king of Gondor; Anárion and heirs and Arnor do not appear at all. However, in the Extended Editions both Arnor and the House of Anárion are mentioned, and at times it is clear that Isildur was not the last King, so this might be dialogue error. The story of Isildur's succumbing to the temptation of the Ring bothers Aragorn who fears that he could have the same weakness (a fear that is not evident in the book).<br />
<br />
'''2002: [[The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers (video game)]]'':'''<br />
:In the game starts with a prologue, where you control Isildur on the slopes of Mount Doom. After you complete the mission you see how Isildur defeats Sauron. By completing the Tower of Orthanc bonus level, Isildur becomes a playable character in the other stages, where he takes the place of his descendant Aragorn. Strangely, Isildur's version of the "Tower of Orthanc" level has the same script as Aragorn's, leading to Saruman referring to the ancient King of Gondor as a "ragtag Ranger".<br />
<br />
'''2006: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth II]]'':'''<br />
:Isildur appears only in cinematics battling [[Sauron]]. However, in the [[The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth II: The Rise of the Witch-king|expansion pack ''The Rise of the Witch-king'']], Isildur is mentioned more detailed in the [[Angmar]] campaign.<br />
<br />
'''2007-2019: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''<br />
:Isildur makes an appearance in a flashback scene titles "At the Stone of Erech". It covers the oath gives to Isildur by the men of [[Dunharrow]], subsequent return of Sauron several years later, the betrayal of the Dunharrow men and the curse that Isildur lays upon them. He also appears during the [[Battle of Dagorlad]], during the High Elf introduction, as well as in a flashback of the battle.<br />
<br />
:With Update 24.2, it is revealed that the Shade of Isildur was saved by Gultháva, the River-maiden of the Gladden, who kept the lost king secluded within a secret grotto in order to protect him from harm. He is encountered after the [[War of the Ring]], in an abandoned dwarf-hold situated above the [[Gladden Fields]].<br />
'''2017: ''[[Middle-earth: Shadow of War]]'':'''<br />
:In the videogame Isildur is voiced by [[Nolan North]]. After his death the Orcs brought Isildur's body to the diminished and vengeful [[Sauron]], who put a Ring of Power on his finger, reviving him as one of his servants and eventually turning him into a ringwraith. As one of the nine Nazgûl, Isildur was forced to serve the Dark Lord for all time until he was defeated and freed by [[Talion]]. The ranger later claimed his ring to survive after [[Celebrimbor]] abandoned him and eventually took Isildur's place among the Nazgûl after holding back Sauron's forces for decades.<br />
<br />
{{seq-start}}<br />
{{seq-head<br />
| race=numenorean<br />
| house=[[House of Elendil]]<small><br/>Cadet branch of [[House of Elros]]</small><br />
| born={{SA|3209}}<br />
| died={{TA|2}}<br />
}}<br />
{{seq<br />
| prow=3<br />
| prev=[[Elendil]]<br />
| list=2nd [[High King (Dúnedain)|High King]]<br />
| dates={{SA|3441}} – {{TA|2}}<br />
| next=Next held by:<br/>'''[[Aragorn]]''', 3017 years later<br />
| nvac=Vacant<br />
<br />
}}<br />
{{seq<br />
| list=2nd [[Kings of Arnor|King of Arnor]]<br />
| dates={{SA|3441}} – {{TA|2}} <br />
| next=[[Valandil (King of Arnor)|Valandil]]<br />
}}<br />
{{seq<br />
| list=2nd [[Kings of Gondor|King of Gondor]] <br />
| dates={{SA|3320}} - {{SA|3440}} (Joint rule)<br>{{SA|3441}} – {{TA|2}}<br />
| next=[[Meneldil]]<br />
}}<br />
{{seq<br />
| prev=[[Sauron]]<br />
| list=2nd [[Ring-bearer]]<br />
| dates={{SA|3441}} – {{TA|2}}<br />
| next=Next held by:<br/>'''[[Déagol]]''', c. 2461 years later<br />
| nvac=Vacant<br />
}}<br />
{{seq-end}}<br />
{{northernline}}<br />
{{southernline}}<br />
{{ringbearers}}<br />
== See also ==<br />
* [[:Category:Images of Isildur|Images of Isildur]]<br />
<br />
{{references}}<br />
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]<br />
[[Category:House of Elendil]]<br />
[[Category:House of Isildur| ]]<br />
[[Category:Quenya names]]<br />
[[Category:Ring-bearers]]<br />
[[Category:Rulers of Arnor]]<br />
[[Category:Rulers of Gondor]]<br />
[[Category:Second Age characters]]<br />
[[Category:Third Age characters]]<br />
[[de:Isildur]]<br />
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/hommes/2a/numenoreens/isildur]]<br />
[[fi:Isildur]]</div>Kulid123https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Meneldil&diff=315984Meneldil2020-06-23T03:21:20Z<p>Kulid123: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{numenorean infobox<br />
| name=Meneldil<br />
| image=[[Image:Matěj Čadil - Meneldil of Gondor.jpg|250px]]<br />
| caption="Meneldil of Gondor" by [[Matěj Čadil]]<br />
| pronun=<br />
| othernames=<br />
| titles=[[Kings of Gondor|King of Gondor]]<br />
| position=<br />
| location=[[Gondor]]<br />
| affiliation=[[Last Alliance of Elves and Men]]<br />
| language=[[Sindarin]]<br />
| birth={{SA|3318}}<br />
| birthlocation=[[Rómenna]], [[Númenor]]<br />
| rule={{TA|2}} - {{TA|158}} (156 years)<br />
| death={{TA|158}}<br />
| deathlocation=[[Gondor]]<br />
| age=281<br />
| notablefor=<br />
| house=[[House of Anárion]]<br />
| parentage=[[Anárion]]<br />
| siblings=three unnamed siblings<br />
| spouse=<br />
| children=[[Cemendur (King of Gondor)|Cemendur]]<br />
| gender=Male<br />
| height=<br />
| hair=<br />
| eyes=<br />
| clothing=<br />
| weapons=<br />
| steed=<br />
}}<br />
'''Meneldil''' ({{SA|3318}}<ref name="Elendil">{{PM|Elendil}}</ref> – {{TA|158}},<ref name="TA">{{App|TA}}</ref> aged 281 years), the son of [[Anárion]] and grandson of [[High King of the Dúnedain|High King]] [[Elendil]], was the third [[King of Gondor]] and the first to rule in his own name. He reigned 156 years, from {{TA| 2}} until his death. <br />
<br />
==History==<br />
===Early Life===<br />
Meneldil was the last man born in [[Númenor]]<ref name="Gladden">{{UT|Gladden}}</ref> and was about one year old at the time of the [[Downfall of Númenor|Downfall]]. He would have been carried to [[Middle-earth]] in his father’s ship where [[Isildur]] and [[Anárion]] established a new realm, [[Gondor]], under their joint leadership.<br />
<br />
Meneldil was 111 years old when in {{SA|3429}} [[Sauron]] sent his army to attack and capture [[Minas Ithil]]. It is not known what role Meneldil may have played while his father defended [[Osgiliath]] and held the hosts of [[Mordor]] at bay. With the arrival of Elendil and [[Gil-galad]]’s forces the fortunes of the [[War of the Last Alliance]] turned, but in the hard fighting Anárion died (in {{SA|3440}}), as did Elendil (in {{SA|3441}}).<ref name="SA">{{App|SA}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Succession to Kingship===<br />
With the deaths of Elendil and Anárion, [[Arnor]] had no leader and the joint rule in [[Gondor]] was finished. [[Isildur]] returned to Gondor, assumed the [[Elendilmir]] as Arnor’s king and proclaimed his [[High King of the Dúnedain|lordship]] over all the [[Dúnedain]], [[Dúnedain of the North|North]] and [[Dúnedain of the South|South]]. While most of Arnor’s forces returned to [[Eriador]] the new King remained in the South to restore order and define Gondor’s boundaries. With Meneldil and a company of trusted friends, Isildur rode about the boundaries of Gondor and in Anórien created the [[Tomb of Elendil]] upon the hill of [[Eilenaer]], thereafter called [[Amon Anwar]].<ref>{{UT|Cirion}}</ref> <br />
<br />
When he was ready he committed the rule of Gondor to Meneldil and departed for [[Rivendell|Imladris]] with his three oldest sons to consult with [[Elrond]].<ref name="TA"/><ref name="Gladden"/> It is said that Meneldil was quite pleased to see his uncle and his sons leave for the North, hoping that they would remain there long.<ref>{{UT| Gladden}}, Note 10</ref> Then, a month after their departure, Isildur and his three sons were slain in the [[Disaster of the Gladden Fields]].<ref name="Gladden"/> Arnor would eventually (in {{TA|10}}<ref name="TA"/>) be ruled by Isildur’s fourth son, [[Valandil (King of Arnor)|Valandil]], but in the South Meneldil assumed full kingship, which was inherited by his descendants. Gondor would not be ruled by an heir of Isildur until the ascension of [[Aragorn]].<br />
<br />
Not much is known about his reign other than a Gondorian scholar wrote the ''[[Ondonóre Nómesseron Minaþurie]]''.<ref>{{VT|42}}, "[[The Rivers and Beacon-Hills of Gondor]]"</ref><br />
<br />
He was succeeded by his son [[Cemendur (King of Gondor)|Cemendur]].<br />
== Genealogy ==<br />
{{familytree/start}}<br />
{{familytree | | | | ELE | | | | | |ELE=[[Elendil]]<br/><small>''{{SA|3119}} - {{SA|3441|n}}''†</small>}}<br />
{{familytree | |,|-|-|^|-|-|.| | | |}}<br />
{{familytree | ISI | | | | ANA | | |ISI=[[Isildur]]<br/><small>''{{SA|3209}} - {{TA|2}}''†</small>|ANA=[[Anárion]]<br/><small>''{{SA|3219}} - {{SA|3440|n}}''†</small>}}<br />
{{familytree | |!| | | |,|-|^|-|.| |}}<br />
{{familytree | ARN | | UNN | | MEN |ARN=[[Kings of Arnor|''Kings of<br/>Arnor'']]|UNN=''Three children''<br/><small>''unknown''</small>|MEN='''MENELDIL'''<br/><small>''{{SA|3318}} - {{TA|158}}''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | |!| |}}<br />
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | CEM |CEM=[[Cemendur (King of Gondor)|Cemendur]]<br/><small>''{{SA|3399}} - {{TA|238}}''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | |!| |}}<br />
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | EAR |EAR=[[Eärendil (King of Gondor)|Eärendil]]<br/><small>''{{TA|48}} - {{TA|324|n}}''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree/end}}<br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
''Meneldil'' is [[Quenya]] for "Astronomer",<ref>{{L|297}}, p. 386</ref> literally "Lover of Heavens" (from ''[[Menel]]'' + ''[[-dil]]'').<br />
<br />
== Other versions of the legendarium ==<br />
In ''[[The Peoples of Middle-earth]]'', in Section VII "[[The Heirs of Elendil]]", [[Christopher Tolkien]] explained that there were three manuscripts in the textual history of this section. Manuscript A contained the information about the Southern Line of Gondor, and from its condition it appeared to be the first stage of composition. Manuscript B added the Northern Line, and began as a fair copy of A for the Southern line but became heavily emended. Manuscript B led to Manuscript C, a fine copy (but with later emendations), which led to a final typescript D. In the earlier Manuscripts A and B, Meneldil's date of birth was {{SA|3299}} instead of {{SA|3318}}. It was Isildur's son Kiryandil who was born in 3318 and thus was the last man born in Númenor.<ref name="Elendil"/><br />
<br />
{{references}}<br />
{{seq-start}}<br />
{{seq-head<br />
| race=gondorian<br />
| house=[[House of Anárion]]<br />
| born={{SA|3318}}<br />
| died={{TA|158}}<br />
}}<br />
{{seq<br />
| prev=[[Isildur]]<br>(and [[Anárion]])<br />
| list=3rd [[King of Gondor]]<br />
| dates={{TA|2}} – {{TA|158|n}}<br />
| next=[[Cemendur (King of Gondor)|Cemendur]]<br />
}}<br />
{{seq-end}}<br />
{{southernline}}<br />
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]<br />
[[Category:Gondorians]]<br />
[[Category:House of Anárion]]<br />
[[Category:Númenóreans]]<br />
[[Category:Quenya names]]<br />
[[Category:Rulers of Gondor]]<br />
[[Category:Second Age characters]]<br />
[[Category:Third Age characters]]<br />
[[de:Meneldil]]<br />
[[fr:encyclo/personnages/hommes/3a/dunedain/gondoriens/meneldil]]<br />
[[fi:Meneldil]]</div>Kulid123https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Elendil&diff=315983Elendil2020-06-23T03:19:29Z<p>Kulid123: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{disambig-two|the [[High King of the Dúnedain|High King]] of [[Gondor]] and [[Arnor]]|earlier [[King of Númenor|King]] of [[Númenor]]|[[Tar-Elendil]]}}<br />
{{numenorean infobox<br />
| name=Elendil<br />
| image=[[File:Kimberly - Elendil.jpg|250px]]<br />
| caption="Elendil" by [[:Category:Images by Kimberly|Kimberly]]<br />
| pronun=<br />
| othernames=''Nimruzîr'' ([[Adûnaic|A]])<br />
| titles=The Fair, Great King, [[High King (Dúnedain)|High King]], King of all the Dúnedain, [[King of Arnor]], [[King of Gondor]], King of the Southern Realm, Lord of Arnor and Gondor, The Tall, Voronda<br />
| position=<br />
| location=[[Númenor]], [[Arnor]]<br />
| affiliation=[[Faithful]], [[Last Alliance of Elves and Men]]<br />
| language=[[Sindarin]], [[Quenya]]<br />
| birth={{SA|3119}}<br />
| birthlocation=[[Númenor]]<br />
| rule={{SA|3320}} - {{SA|3441|n}} ([[High King (Dúnedain)|High King]])<br />
| death={{SA|3441}}<br />
| deathlocation=During [[Siege of Barad-dûr]]<br />
| age=322<br />
| notablefor=Founded the [[Kingdoms of the Dúnedain]] and later the [[Last Alliance]] with [[Gil-Galad]]<br />
| house=[[House of Elros]], founded the [[House of Elendil]]<br />
| parentage=[[Amandil]]<br />
| siblings=<br />
| spouse=<br />
| children=[[Isildur]] & [[Anárion]] <br />
| gender=Male<br />
| height=7'11" (2.41 m) <br />
| hair=Brown<br />
| eyes=<br />
| clothing=<br />
| weapons=[[Narsil]]<br />
| steed=<br />
}}<br />
'''Elendil''' was the father of [[Isildur]] and [[Anárion]], a survivor of the [[Downfall of Númenor]], and the founder and first [[High King (Dúnedain)|High King]] of the [[Dúnedain]] in [[Middle-earth]]. <br />
<br />
Elendil was also known as '''Elendil the Tall''', being the tallest of Men who escaped the Downfall (mentioned to be almost 2.5 [[Ranga|rangar]] tall, 7'11" or 2.41 m).<ref>{{UT|Linear}}</ref> <br />
<br />
==History==<br />
Elendil was born in [[Númenor]]. He was the son of [[Amandil]], the last [[Lords of Andúnië|Lord of Andúnië]] and leader of the [[Faithful]]. He was probably named after his ancestor, [[Tar-Elendil]], an ancient [[King of Númenor]]; his name also signified his and his family's devotion and friendship to the [[Elves]] as [[Elf-friend]]s, preserving the old beliefs in [[Ilúvatar]] and reverence for the [[Valar]]. Like his father, he stood against the barbarous practices of [[Ar-Pharazôn]] the King and [[Sauron]] his advisor. <br />
[[File:Abe Papakhian - Elendil and Sons.jpg|thumb|left|Abe Papakhian - ''Elendil and Sons'']]<br />
On the advice of his father, who foresaw the coming destruction of Númenor, Elendil put nine ships off the eastern coast and loaded all his people and possessions aboard them. Amandil then followed the actions of their ancestor, [[Eärendil]] and left Númenor attempting to warn the Valar of their King's folly.<ref name="Akallabeth">{{S|Akallabeth}}</ref><br />
<br />
When the catastrophic [[Downfall of Númenor|Downfall]] occurred in {{SA|3319}}, Elendil, his sons [[Isildur]] and [[Anárion]], and their supporters fled to [[Middle-earth]],<ref name="SA">{{App|SA}}</ref> sailing east in the nine ships. With them they took the ''[[palantíri]]'', the "Seeing Stones" that were given to the Lords of Andúnië by the Elves of [[Tol Eressëa]], the [[Sceptre of Annúminas]], the [[Ring of Barahir]], [[Narsil]] which Elendil kept as his sword, and a seedling of [[White Tree of Númenor|Nimloth]], the White Tree of Númenor.<ref name="Akallabeth"/><br />
[[File:Ted Nasmith - The Ships of the Faithful.jpg|thumb|[[Ted Nasmith]] - ''The Ships of the Faithful'']]<br />
The ships became separated during the tumultuous voyage to Middle-earth; while Isildur and Anárion landed in the more southerly lands near the haven of the Faithful at [[Pelargir]], Elendil and his people arrived at the northwest near [[Lindon]]. For this reason there were two kingdoms of the Númenóreans in exile, [[Arnor]] in the north and [[Gondor]] in the south.<ref name="Rings">{{S|Rings}}</ref> After Elendil finally landed in Middle-earth, he proclaimed an [[Elendil's Oath|oath]] in [[Quenya]]: "''Et Eärello Endorenna utúlien. Sinome maruvan ar Hildinyar tenn' Ambar-metta''" ("Out of the [[Belegaer|Great Sea]] to Middle-earth I am come. In this place will I abide, and my heirs, unto the ending of the world"). His heir and great-grandson by 39 generations [[Aragorn|Aragorn II]] spoke these words again when he took up the crown of Gondor as King [[Aragorn|Elessar]] at the beginning of the [[Fourth Age]].<ref>{{RK|VI5}}</ref><br />
<br />
Elendil founded the city of [[Annúminas]] in Arnor. His son Anárion established the city of [[Minas Anor]] in [[Anórien]], and Isildur founded [[Minas Ithil]] in [[Ithilien]]. Elendil, however, ruled as [[High King (Dúnedain)|High King]]. In both realms were built towers for the ''palantíri'', with which the lords kept contact.<ref name="Rings"/><br />
<br />
[[Sauron]], having lost his shape in the [[Downfall of Númenor]], returned to Middle-earth as a shadow and a black wind over the sea. It came to [[Mordor]], next to Gondor, where Sauron wrought a new guise.<ref name="Akallabeth"/> In {{SA|3429}} Sauron attacked, seizing [[Minas Ithil]]. Isildur fled north to his father, leaving Anárion in charge of Gondor. In response, Elendil formed an [[Last Alliance of Elves and Men|alliance]] with [[Gil-galad]], the [[High King of the Noldor]], to repel Sauron's assault.<ref name="SA"/> It is said that Elendil bound the [[Last Alliance]] with an oath and invoked the name of [[Eru]] to witness it.<ref name=Cirion>{{UT|Cirion}}</ref> <br />
<br />
The combined forces marched east to [[Imladris]] in {{SA|3431}}. In {{SA|3434|n}}, they passed the [[Misty Mountains]] and south together and fought in the [[War of the Last Alliance]] of Elves and Men. Elendil fought valiantly at the [[Battle of Dagorlad]].<ref name="SA"/><br />
[[File:Abe Papakhian - I Behold (colour).jpg|thumb|left|Abe Papakhian ''I Behold'']]<br />
At the end of the long [[Siege of Barad-dûr]], in the year {{SA|3441}}, Sauron came out to personally do battle. Gil-galad and Elendil fought Sauron and cast him down, but were both slain,<ref name="SA"/> and Elendil's sword [[Narsil]] was broken when he fell. Isildur used the broken sword to cut [[the One Ring]] from Sauron's hand. However, despite the urgings of [[Elrond]] and [[Cirdan]], Isildur chose not to destroy the Ring at [[Mount Doom]] and was eventually betrayed by the Ring in the [[Disaster of the Gladden Fields]], slain by [[Orcs]].<ref name="Rings"/><br />
<br />
==Legacy==<br />
Elendil was a great warrior, a wise king, and a heroic figure among the [[Dúnedain]]. Isildur built a hidden [[Tomb of Elendil|tomb for his father]] on the summit of the beacon hill that was named [[Amon Anwar]] ("hill of awe" in [[Sindarin]]). Its presence was considered great enough to hallow the entire hill, even to the [[Rohirrim]], who called it Halifirien ("holy mountain" in [[Rohirric]]).<ref name="Cirion">{{UT|Cirion}}</ref><br />
<br />
After the founding of [[Rohan]], the [[Steward]] [[Cirion]] moved Elendil's remains to the [[Hallows]] of [[Minas Tirith]].<ref name="Cirion"/><br />
<br />
Millennia after Elendil's death, [[Aragorn]], the [[Heir of Isildur]], invoked the name of Elendil as a battle cry during the [[War of the Ring]].<ref>{{HM|FR}}</ref><ref>{{HM|TT}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Genealogy==<br />
<div style="overflow-x: scroll; overflow-y: hidden; border: 1px solid #AAAAAA; padding: 3px; background: #EEEEEE;"><br />
{{familytree/start}}<br />
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ELR | | | | | | |ELR=[[Elros]]<br/><small>''{{FA|532}} - {{SA|442}}''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | |F|~|A|~|7| | | | | |}}<br />
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | AND | | NUM | | | | |AND=[[Lords of Andúnië|''Lords of<br/>Andúnië'']]|NUM=[[King of Númenor|''Kings of<br/>Númenor'']]}}<br />
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | |}}<br />
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | NUM | | | | | | | | |NUM=[[Númendil]]<br/><small>''unknown''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | |}}<br />
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | AMA | | | | | | | | |AMA=[[Amandil]]<br/><small>''Sailed west {{SA|3316}}''†</small>}}<br />
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | |}}<br />
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | ELE | | | | | | | | |ELE='''ELENDIL'''<br/><small>''{{SA|3119}} - {{SA|3441|n}}''†</small>}}<br />
{{familytree | | | | | | | |,|-|-|-|-|-|^|-|-|-|-|-|.| | | |}}<br />
{{familytree | | | | | | | ISI | | | | | | | | | | ANA | | |ISI=[[Isildur]]<br/><small>''{{SA|3209}} - {{TA|2}}''†</small>|ANA=[[Anárion]]<br/><small>''{{SA|3219}} - {{SA|3440|n}}''†</small>}}<br />
{{familytree | |,|-|-|-|v|-|^|-|v|-|-|-|.| | | |,|-|^|-|.| |}}<br />
{{familytree | ELE | | ARA | | CIR | | VAL | | UNN | | MEN |ELE=[[Elendur (son of Isildur)|Elendur]]<br/><small>''{{SA|3299}} - {{TA|2}}''†</small>|ARA=[[Aratan]]<br/><small>''{{SA|3339}} - {{TA|2}}''†</small>|CIR=[[Ciryon]]<br/><small>''{{SA|3379}} - {{TA|2}}''†</small>|VAL=[[Valandil (King of Arnor)|Valandil]]<br/><small>''{{SA|3430}} - {{TA|249}}''</small>|UNN=''Three children''<br/><small>''unknown''</small>|MEN=[[Meneldil]]<br/><small>''{{SA|3318}} - {{TA|158}}''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | |:| | | | | | | |:| |}}<br />
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | ARN | | | | | | GON |ARN=[[Kings of Arnor|''Kings of<br/>Arnor'']]|GON=[[Kings of Gondor|''Kings of<br/>Gondor'']]}}<br />
{{familytree/end}}<br />
</div><br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
{{Pronounce|Elendil.mp3|Ardamir}}<br />
''Elendil'' actually means "Lover of the Stars" in [[Quenya]].<ref>{{WJ|Author}}, p. 410</ref><br />
<br />
For the [[Edain]] it was intended to signify "[[Elf-friends|Elf-friend]]" ([[Adûnaic]] ''[[Nimruzîrim|Nimruzîr]]''),<ref>{{SD|67}}, p. 247</ref> since they tended to confuse the Quenya element [[EL]] for both "Elf" and "star".<br />
<br />
==Other versions of the legendarium==<br />
<br />
The chieftain of the alliance against [[Thû]] (Sauron) is named ''Amroth'' both in the outline<ref>{{LR|P1II1}}, p. 12</ref> and the first version of [[The Fall of Númenor]].<ref>{{LR|P1II2}}, p. 18</ref> The name ''Elendil'' is given for first time in the second version.<ref>{{LR|P1II3}}, pp. 28-29</ref><br />
<br />
==Portrayal in adaptations==<br />
{{Gallery<br />
|title=Elendil in adaptations<br />
|width=250<br />
|height=150<br />
|lines=2<br />
|File:The Lord of the Rings - The Motion Picture Trilogy - Elendil.jpg|Elendil in ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]''<br />
|File:The Lord of the Rings Online - Elendil.jpg|Elendil in ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]''<br />
}}<br />
'''2001: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]'':'''<br />
:In the film's prologue, Elendil is played by [[Peter McKenzie]]. Unlike in the books, Elendil is killed by a blow of [[Sauron]] instead of having a part in destroying him with [[Gil-galad]]. Instead, [[Isildur]] deals the fatal blow to the still-living Sauron by cutting off his fingers with the broken blade of [[Narsil]], and, with them, the [[The One Ring|ring of power]].<br />
<br />
'''2007: ''[[The Lord of the Rings Online]]'':'''<br />
:Elendil appears in several flashbacks depicting the the [[War of the Last Alliance]]. His ultimate fate is more accurate to the books than the film version, showing Elendil and [[Gil-galad]] both battling and defeating [[Sauron]] at the cost of their lives, with Elendil dealing the killing blow.<br />
<br />
{{References}}<br />
{{seq-start}}<br />
{{seq-head<br />
| race=numenorean<br />
| house=[[House of Elros]]<br />
| born={{SA|3119}}<br />
| died={{SA|3441}}<br />
}}<br />
{{seq<br />
| prev=Position created<br />
| pvac=None<br />
| prow=3<br />
| list=1st [[High King (Dúnedain)|High King]]<br />
| dates={{SA|3320}} – {{SA|3441|n}}<br />
| next=[[Isildur]]<br />
}}<br />
{{seq<br />
| list=1st [[Kings of Arnor|King of Arnor]]<br />
| dates={{SA|3320}} – {{SA|3441|n}}<br />
| next=[[Isildur]]<br />
}}<br />
{{seq<br />
| list=1st [[Kings of Gondor|King of Gondor]]<br />
| dates={{SA|3320}} – {{SA|3441|n}}<br />
| next=[[Isildur]]<br>(and [[Anárion]])<br />
}}<br />
{{seq-end}}<br />
{{northernline}}<br />
{{southernline}}<br />
[[Category:Characters in The Silmarillion]]<br />
[[Category:Dúnedain]]<br />
[[Category:Faithful of Númenor]]<br />
[[Category:House of Elendil| ]]<br />
[[Category:House of Elros]]<br />
[[Category:Quenya names]]<br />
[[Category:Rulers of Arnor]]<br />
[[Category:Rulers of Gondor]]<br />
[[Category:Second Age characters]]</div>Kulid123https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Talk:Lord_of_And%C3%BAni%C3%AB&diff=315982Talk:Lord of Andúnië2020-06-23T02:23:02Z<p>Kulid123: House of the Lords of Andunië</p>
<hr />
<div>==House==<br />
In the Unfinished Tales, there's a quote: "Only the Ring of Barahir father of Beren One-hand survived the Downfall; for it was given by Tar-Elendil to his daughter Silmarien and was preserved in the '''House of the Lords of Andunië''', of whom the last was Elendil the Faithful who fled from the wrack of Númenor to Middle-earth." (my emphasis) So, should I create a seperate page for the "House of the Lords of Andunië" or should I include a small section in this article and an infobox for the house? Please advise. Just a thought.--[[User:Kulid123|Kulid123]] 02:23, 23 June 2020 (UTC)</div>Kulid123https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Host_of_the_West_(Arnor)&diff=315976Host of the West (Arnor)2020-06-22T20:02:37Z<p>Kulid123: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{disambig-more|Host of the West|[[Host of the West (disambiguation)]]}}<br />
{{organization infobox| name=Host of the West (Arnor)| image=| caption=| pronun=| othernames=| founded=c. {{TA|1973}}| founder=[[Cirdan]] and [[Eärnur]]| purpose=To save the [[North-kingdom]]| members=[[Men of Arnor]], [[Gondorians]], [[Northmen]], [[Elves of Lindon]], and [[Shire-hobbits]]<ref name=gondor>{{App|Gondor}}</ref>| location=The Host was drawn from all parts of the [[Westlands]]| disbanded={{TA|1975}}| notablefor=Defeating [[Angmar]] and the [[Witch-King]]}}<br />
The '''Host of the West''' was a combined allied force of [[Elves]], [[Men]], and [[Hobbits]] during the [[Angmar War]]. <br />
==Formation==<br />
The host composed of a vast army from [[Gondor]] (actually just a small force compared to the full might of [[Gondor]])<ref name=gondor/> that arrived in a massive fleet, which hardly could find harborage, for its might filled [[Forlond]], [[Harlond (Lindon)|Harlond]], and the [[Grey Havens]].<ref name=gondor/> <br />
<br />
The [[Northmen]], proud princes of [[Rhovanion]]; riders tall and fair came with beautiful [[horses]] from the [[Vales of Anduin]] that gathered most praise when they arrived at [[Mithlond]].<ref name=gondor/><br />
<br />
[[Círdan]], Master of the [[Grey Havens]], summoned all who would fight from the [[Elves of Lindon]], as well as the remnants of the [[Men of Arnor]].<ref name=gondor/> Among the forces of former [[Arthedain]] were some [[Hobbits]] from [[the Shire]].<ref name=gondor/><br />
<br />
==History==<br />
In {{TA|1973}}, [[Arthedain]] was in danger and King [[Eärnil II]] sent his son Prince [[Eärnur]] and a massive fleet to their aid. After [[Arnor]] [[fall of Fornost|fell]] to [[Angmar]], Prince [[Eärnur]], in his capacity as [[Captain of Gondor]], reached belatedly [[Lindon]] with his fleet to the aid of Arthedain. <br />
<br />
Although it was too late, the fleet and the host it brought, seemed so massive, that there was much joy and wonder among [[Elves]] and [[Men]].<ref name=gondor/> The allied host, led by [[Círdan]] and [[Eärnur]], marched east across the river [[Lune]] to [[Fornost]] to challenge the [[Witch-king]], while the main body of the Host's horsemen, was to pass around the hills to surprise [[Fornost]] from the north. The [[Witch-king]] was crushed at the [[Battle of Fornost]] ({{TA|1975}}).<br />
<br />
After the main part of the battle, the Host was joined by a force of [[Elves]] from [[Rivendell]] led by [[Glorfindel]], who chased the [[Witch-king]].<ref name=gondor/><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[Battle of Fornost]]<br />
{{title}}<br />
{{references}}<br />
[[Category:Armies]]</div>Kulid123https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Gondor&diff=315969Gondor2020-06-22T18:34:04Z<p>Kulid123: Still needs a lot of work, especially the history</p>
<hr />
<div>{{kingdom<br />
| image=[[File:Abe Papakhian - Minas Tirith.jpg|250px]]<br />
| name=Gondor<br />
| pronun=<br />
| othernames=Kingdom of the South, The South-kingdom, Stoningland<br />
| location=Lands around the [[White Mountains]], west of [[Mordor]]<br />
| capital=[[Osgiliath]] ({{SA|3320}} - {{TA|1640}})<br/>[[Minas Tirith]] (from {{TA|1640}})<br />
| towns=[[Pelargir]], [[Calembel]], [[Dol Amroth]], [[Erech]], [[Linhir]]<br/>Formerly: [[Minas Morgul|Minas Ithil]]<br />
| regions=[[Anórien]], [[Ithilien]], [[Lossarnach]], [[Lebennin]], [[Harondor]] (contested), [[Belfalas]], [[Lamedon]], [[Anfalas]], [[Enedwaith]] (shared with [[Arnor]])<br/>Formerly: [[Calenardhon]] <br />
| population=Primarily [[Gondorians]] ([[Belfalas]] was inhabited by [[Elves]] for some time)<br />
| language=[[Westron]], [[Númenórean Sindarin]], [[Quenya]]<br />
| govern1=[[Kings of Gondor|King of Gondor]]/[[High King of the Dúnedain|High King]]<br />
| govern2=Later [[Ruling Steward]]<br />
| govern3=[[Council of Gondor]]<br />
| currency=[[tharni]], [[castar]]<br />
| holiday=[[Cormarë]] (Fourth Age)<br />
| precededby=[[Númenor]]<br />
| event1=Founded<br />
| event1date={{SA|3320}}<br />
| event2=Independence<br />
| event2date={{TA|2}}<br />
| event3=First [[Ruling Steward]]<br />
| event3date={{TA|2050}}<br />
| event4=[[Rohan]]&nbsp;formed<br />
| event4date={{TA|2510}}<br />
| event5=Kings return<br />
| event5date=[[1 May]], {{TA|3019}}<br />
| followedby=[[Reunited Kingdom]]<br />
}}<br />
{{Pronounce|Gondor.mp3|Ardamir}}<br />
<center>{{quote|Gondor! Gondor, between the Mountains and the Sea!<br>West Wind blew there; light upon the Silver Tree|[[Aragorn]]<ref name="tRoR">[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'', ''[[The Two Towers]]'', "[[The Riders of Rohan]]"</ref>}}</center><br />
<br />
'''Gondor''', or the '''South-kingdom''', was one of the two [[Kingdoms of the Dúnedain]] (the other being [[Arnor]] in the north) in the lands about the [[Mouths of Anduin]]. Initially the lesser of the [[Realms in Exile|Realms in-Exile]], Gondor survived to the end of the [[Third Age]], unlike [[Arnor]], and had an instrumental role in the [[War of the Ring]].<br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
===Second Age===<br />
==== Foundation ====<br />
After the [[Downfall of Númenor]], the [[Exiles of Númenor]], led by [[Elendil]], established the [[Realms in Exile]] of [[Arnor]] and [[Gondor]]. Arriving at the [[Mouths of Anduin]], Elendil's sons, [[Isildur]] and [[Anárion]], ascended the great river and founded the realm of Gondor.<ref name=rings>{{S|Rings}}</ref> <br />
<br />
In [[Númenor]]ean colonies and outposts, such as [[Belfalas]] and [[Pelargir]],<ref name="UTD">{{UT|Druedain}}</ref> there were many [[Faithful]], fully or partially of [[Númenórean]] blood, who descended from [[Númenor]] long before its [[Downfall of Numenor|Downfall]]. The colonists welcomed Elendil's sons and allied themselves with the founders of the [[Kingdoms of the Dúnedain]].<ref name=rings/><ref name=languages>{{App|Men}}</ref> Elendil made the Faithful nobles (kin of Elendil) who ruled Belfalas "[[Princes of Dol Amroth|Princes]]".<ref name="Cirion">{{UT|Cirion}}</ref> There were also many men of mingled blood, descended from the [[Men of the Mountains|Men of]] the [[White Mountains]] during the [[Dark Years]].<ref name="Minas Tirith">{{RK|V1}}</ref> <br />
<br />
[[Image:Ted Nasmith - The White Tree.jpg|thumb|[[Ted Nasmith]] - ''The White Tree'']]<br />
<br />
At this early point in its history, Gondor was the lesser of the Kingdoms of the Dúnedain, with their conjoint [[King of Gondor|Kings]] subject to the [[High King (Dúnedain)|High King]] who ruled [[Arnor]] in the North. After their arrival and acceptance by the people, [[Isildur]] and [[Anárion]] put themselves to the task of ordering their realm. Isildur took the area then known as [[Arnen]] (later [[Ithilien]])<ref>{{VT|42a}}, p. 17</ref> and built the tower of [[Minas Ithil]] near Mordor as a threat to the [[Mordor|Black Land]], and within its walls he planted a seedling of the [[Nimloth of Númenor|White Tree]] of [[Númenor]] that he had taken before its burning. [[Anárion]] raised the tower of [[Minas Anor]] on the other side of [[Anduin]]'s floodplain as a bulwark against the [[Wild Men]]. In between their cities, the brothers founded [[Osgiliath]], their capital, from which they jointly reigned; these three cities also housed three of the [[palantíri]], the Seeing Stones that the [[Faithful]] had taken with them from [[Númenor]], to maintain contact with [[Elendil]] and the other areas under their control.<br />
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Extraordinary knowledge of stonework was brought to the South-kingdom from [[Númenor]], and this skill was a vital part of the character of [ondor and its people. In the early years of the realm, the [[Gondorians]] worked to erect mighty cities and monuments throughout their new land.<ref name=rings/> Their original capital at [[Osgiliath]] had great stone bridges spanned the [[Anduin]], as well as mighty houses and towers of stone.<ref name=rings/> Other works marvellous and strong they built in the land in the days of their power, at the [[Argonath]], and at [[Aglarond]], and at [[Erech]]; and at [[Isengard]], they made the [[Orthanc|Pinnacle of Orthanc]] of unbreakable stone.<ref name=rings/> Great roads that ran both north and south of the [[White Mountains]] traversed through the realm.<ref>{{RK|Ride}}</ref><br />
<br />
Gondor was, from the beginnning of its history, always more powerful and populous than its northern counterpart, the [[Arnor]], in spite of its borders being impeded in the South and East.<ref name=Atani>{{PM|Atani}}</ref><br />
<br />
==== War of the Last Alliance ====<br />
{{main|War of the Last Alliance}}<br />
Gondor was at first unaware that [[Sauron]], who had been taken as a prisoner to [[Númenor]] before its destruction, had survived the disastrous [[Downfall of Númenor|Downfall]]. However, not long after the kingdom's cities were built, the awakening of the fires of [[Orodruin]] signalled his return. At that time, the [[Men of Gondor]] first called the mountain ''[[Amon Amarth]]'', or [[Mount Doom]].<ref>{{App|Numenor}}</ref><br />
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Soon after, in {{SA|3429}}, [[Sauron]] launched an [[Fall of Minas Ithil|attack on Minas Ithil]], which forced [[Isildur]] into a retreat. Sauron took the fortress and burned the [[White Tree of Gondor]] that had grown there, but Isildur saved one of its seedlings and took it and his family on a ship down the [[Anduin]]. He sailed to the north to confer with [[Elendil]] about these events while [[Anárion]] remained in Gondor and continued to hold [[Minas Anor]] and [[Osgiliath]].<ref>{{App|B1}}</ref> He also managed to push back [[Sauron]]'s forces to the mountain range of [[Ephel Dúath]], but Sauron began to gather reinforcements and the [[Men of Gondor]] knew that their realm was in great danger of being destroyed unless aid came.<br />
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[[Elendil]] reacted to the threat of Sauron by combining forces with [[Gil-galad]], the [[High King of the Noldor]], to make the [[Last Alliance of Elves and Men]]. Their armies marched south-east from [[Arnor]] and [[Lindon]]. Supported by the forces of Gondor, [[Lórinand]], the [[Woodland Realm]], and [[Khazad-dûm]], the [[Last Alliance|Alliance]] fought a great battle on the plain of [[Dagorlad]], north of [[Mordor]]. The [[Last Alliance]] was victorious, and entered [[Mordor]] itself, where they laid a siege on Sauron's Tower of [[Siege of Barad-dûr|Barad-dûr]] for seven years. During this time, [[Anárion]], joint [[King of Gondor]], was killed by a rock thrown from [[Barad-dûr]] that broke his helm. The siege ended when [[Sauron]] himself emerged from [[Barad-dûr]] to fight the [[Last Alliance|Alliance]]. [[Gil-galad]] and [[Elendil]] were slain in single combat, but [[Isildur]] cut the [[One Ring]] from Sauron's finger ending the war.<ref name=rings/><br />
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=== Third Age ===<br />
====Independence====<br />
After the battle, [[Isildur]], former joint [[King of Gondor]] and heir to the [[High King (Dúnedain)|High Kingship]], built a secret tomb for [[Elendil]] on the mountain [[Amon Anwar]]<ref name="CE"/> and placed the rule of Gondor in the hands of his brother's eldest eligible son, [[Meneldil]]. Isildur planted the seedling of the White Tree that he had saved in [[Minas Ithil]], and brought to Minas Anor, and it endured for several centuries. <br />
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After these acts, Isildur left Gondor in {{TA|2}} with the intent of taking up the [[High King (Dúnedain)|High Kingship]] in [[Annúminas]]. He [[Disaster of the Gladden Fields|never arrived]].<ref name=rings/><ref name="AppB">{{App|B2}}</ref> [[Isildur]] had relinquished the rule of Gondor to his nephew [[Meneldil]] who became the first [[King of Gondor]] to rule in his own right and so, Gondor became an independent realm.<ref name=rings/><ref name="AppB"/><br />
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==== Golden Age ====<br />
After the war, Gondor's power and wealth grew steadily (only interrupted by an [[Easterlings|Easterling]] invasion in {{TA|492}}). Its power would continue to grow into the 9th century of the [[Third Age]]. While the power of Gondor's sister kingdom [[Arnor]] peaked during the 9th century, when it broke into various successor states, Gondor's greatest glory was yet to come.<br />
[[File:Steven White Jr. - Gondor TA1050.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Gondor in {{TA|1050}}]]<br />
Gondor's power reached its Golden Age under the four "[[Ship-kings]]": [[Tarannon Falastur]], [[Eärnil I]], [[Ciryandil]], and [[Hyarmendacil I]].<br />
<br />
Tarannon was [[Captain of the Hosts]] and the first of the [[Ship-kings]] of Gondor, who extended Gondor far along the shores west and south of the [[Ethir Anduin]]. Commemorating his victories, Tarannon assumed the name "Falastur" when he took the crown.<ref>{{App|Gondor}}</ref> Tarannon was also famous for his Queen, the "nefarious, solitary, and loveless" [[Berúthiel]]. Tarannon had built a house in [[Pelargir]] that rested upon arches sunk into the [[Anduin]], but the queen refused to live within the sound and smell of the sea. She lived in the King's House in [[Osgiliath]] where she owned cats said to be able to spy upon men. Eventually Tarannon placed her upon a boat cast adrift at sea.<ref>{{UT|Istari}}, Note 7</ref> He was then the first king to die without an heir, and was succeeded by his nephew, the second of the Ship-kings, [[Eärnil I]].<ref name="South"/><br />
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[[Eärnil I]] continued with the expansionist maritime policy of his predecessor by constructing a great navy and repairing the ancient haven of [[Pelargir]].<ref name="Elendil"/> But Gondor was not the supreme "Lord of the Coasts" as Tarannon boasted; the [[Haven of Umbar]] stood in their way of complete domination. So in {{TA|933}}, [[Eärnil I]] defeated the forces of Umbar, seizing control of the seas and making Umbar a great harbour and fortress of Gondor. Even though Gondor's naval power was uncontested, [[Eärnil I]] was lost at sea and was never seen again. <br />
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When he was lost at sea, he was succeeded by his son [[Ciryandil]], who continued his father's naval policies of building more ships. Ciryandil reigned over Gondor for seventy-nine years, and died in the defence of Umbar against the Haradrim, in Haradwaith, led by the lords exiled from Umbar.<br />
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When Ciryandil was slain, his son Ciryaher took up the Crown. After biding his time and building up his forces, he avenged his father, and defeated the kings of Harad, by land and by sea and made them acknowledge the overlordship of Gondor in {{TA|1050}}. In the reign of the powerful king Hyarmendacil I Gondor reached the height of its power. After this victory he took the name ''Hyarmendacil'', meaning "South-victor". Hyarmendacil's reign brought [[Gondor]] to its greatest extent and power. For the rest of his one hundred and thirty-four year reign Gondor was at peace; the passes of [[Mordor]] were well guarded, and no one dared contest his power. During Hyarmendacil I's reign, Gondor's borders reached their furthest extent. The Kingdom extended east to the [[Sea of Rhûn]]; south to the [[Harnen]] and all the coast up to the cape of [[Umbar]]; as far north as [[Celebrant]]; and west towards [[Greyflood]]. Gondor would also enjoy several centuries of peace due to its military might. The [[Men of the Vales of Anduin]] as well as the Haradrim acknowledged its authority and overlordship, with the Kings of Harad paying homage.<ref name="Gondor"/> Hyarmendacil I was the last of the [[Ship-kings]]. He was succeeded by his lazy son [[Atanatar II|Atanatar II Alcarin]].<br />
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==== Decline ====<br />
The extent and power of the realm [[Atanatar]] had inherited earned him the title [[Alcarin]] ("Glorious") but he did little to maintain its strength, and nothing to expand its influence. Already during Atanatar's reign, then, Gondor began to stagnate. There is some evidence to suggest that [[Gandalf]] first visited Gondor during this period, earning the name ''[[Incánus]]'' from the [[Gondorians]]. Atanatar II ruled Gondor for seventy-seven years, during which the wealth and power created by his father slowly began to wane. Atanatar was succeeded by his eldest son, who ruled as [[Narmacil I]], but [[Narmacil]] had no children and was succeeded in turn by his brother, Atanatar's younger son [[Calmacil]].<br />
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After sixty-four years as [[Regent of Gondor|Regent]] under the old King [[Calmacil]], [[Minalcar]] took the throne in his own right. In memory of a great victory over the [[Easterlings]] he had won in his [[Regent of Gondor|Regency]], he became King in the name [[Rómendacil II]]. [[Rómendacil II]] built, on the northern approach to [[Nen Hithoel]], the giant pillars [[Argonath]] to mark the northern border of Gondor following his great victory over the [[Easterlings]] in {{TA|1248}}.<ref>{{App|B2}}</ref> He developed less tangible defences, too, working to cement a bond between Gondor and the [[Northmen]] who lived to the east. He went so far as to send his son [[Valacar]] to live among them, an act from which the evils of the [[Kin-strife]] would eventually develop. After Rómendacil II's reign, decadence spread under the kings of Gondor and a long period of decline began (although Gondor experienced several revivals). Three great calamities struck Gondor during the second millennium of the Third Age, which are held to be the chief reasons for its decline: the [[Kin-strife]], the [[Great Plague]], and the invasion of the [[Wainriders]] (a tribe of Easterlings), one of series of conflicts in the [[Wainrider/Balchoth War]]. <br />
<br />
===== The Kin-strife =====<br />
{{main|Kin-strife}}<br />
In the 15th century a great civil war named the Kin-strife tore the nation apart. The current King Eldacar was of mixed blood: his mother was of the Northmen. Popular displeasure at this led to the overthrow of King Eldacar by Castamir, the admiral of all of Gondor's naval forces who possessed some royal blood. Eldacar's son was slain, and Eldacar fled north. Castamir was afterwards known as [[Castamir|Castamir the Usurper]]. During his ten year rule he proved to be very cruel, and because of his love of his old fleet, he lavished attention on the coastal regions while the interior provinces were ignored and left to rot. Eldacar then returned with an army of his Northmen kinsmen, and they were joined by armies of Gondorians from interior provinces such as Anórien. [[Osgiliath]] was devastated during this conflict, its great bridge destroyed and its ''[[palantíri|palantír]]'' lost. Eldacar slew Castamir and reclaimed his throne, but Castamir's sons and their forces were besieged in Pelargir, the great port of Gondor. They eventually retreated to Umbar, where they joined with the Corsairs, and troubled Gondor for many years, until their descendants died out.<br />
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===== The Great Plague =====<br />
{{main|Great Plague}}<br />
In [[Third Age 1636]] the [[Great Plague]] struck and the [[White Tree of Gondor|White Tree]] died. This Plague was no localized event: the Plague swept through all of Middle-earth, reaching the successor states of Arnor and the [[Hobbits]] of [[the Shire]] in the North. King [[Tarondor (King of Gondor)|Tarondor]] found a sapling of the White Tree, and moved the capital from Osgiliath to [[Minas Anor]], the City of Anárion. During this time, Gondor was so depopulated that the fortifications guarding against the re-entry of evil into Mordor were abandoned. It is believed that had the Haradrim or Easterlings been capable of attacking Gondor at this time, it would have fallen. However, the Plague left Gondor's enemies in no better condition than Gondor itself, and neither side was capable of mounting new offensives.<br />
<br />
===== The Invasion of the Wainriders =====<br />
The first invasion of the Wainriders began {{TA|1856}} during the reign of King [[Narmacil II]], following the sapping of Gondor's strength by the plague. The spirit of Sauron in the East stirred up the forces of the Wainriders to attack the lands of Gondor and her allies. The Wainriders were stronger than any other horde of Easterlings before, and so in 1856, on the fields of Rhovanion, the Wainriders defeated the forces of Gondor and the Northmen, killing [[Narmacil II]] and enslaving Rhovanion. During the enslavement of Rhovannion, the Nazgûl entered Mordor. But the Gondorians would not sit idle, while their allies to the north were suffering under the Wainriders. In 1899 Kingn Calimehtar led a revot in Rhovanion, and defeated the Wainriders in the Battle of Dagorlad. <br />
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{{TA|1940}} The King [[Ondoher]] took council with [[Araphant]] the king of [[Arthedain]]. The kings realized that one force was beset on destroying the kingdoms of the [[Dunedain]]. For a long time it had lain dormant, but in the weakness of both kingdoms, it attacked. The Kingdoms allied against the power, and Prince [[Arvedui]] of Arthedain married Firiel the daughter of Ondoher. <br />
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After licking their wounds for 45 years the Wainriders returned with allies from Khand and Harad {{TA|1944}}. The Wainriders came in the north from Rhovanion and the men of Harad and Khand attacked from the South. The Wainriders destroyed the Northern Army of Gondor, but in the south Gondor defeated the Southrons at the River Poros. Their Captain Eärnil gathered the remnants of the northern army, and went north to challenge the Wainriders. In the [[Battle of the Camp]] Eärnil surprised the Wainriders, while they were celebrating their victory.<br />
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===== Reunification Rejected =====<br />
In 1944, Gondor also faced a constitutional crisis when King [[Ondoher]] was slain in a previous battle with both his sons. Prince [[Arvedui]], son of King [[Araphant]] of [[Arthedain]] and Ondoher's son-in-law, and the victorious general Eärnil, who was a distant blood-relative of Ondoher, claimed the throne. Arvedui's claim lay mainly in the reintroduction of the old Númenórean law of accession, which stated the eldest (remaining) child should succeed the king. If the law was reintroduced, then Arvedui's wife [[Fíriel]], Ondoher's daughter and last remaining child would become [[Ruling Queens of Númenor|Ruling Queen]], making their descendants Kings of both Arnor and Gondor. Arvedui also tried to put weight behind his claim as he was Isildur's heir. The Council of Gondor recognised that the name of Isildur was held in honour in Gondor, but they dictated that the South-Kingdom must be ruled by an Heir of Anárion. Due to his ancestry from Fíriel and Arvedui, more than a millennium later, Aragorn Elessar put forward his claim as the heir of both Isildur and Anárion.<br />
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Eärnil lay his claim as being a direct descendant of King [[Telumehtar]] Umbardacil. His claim was also greatly bolstered by the popularity he had gained as the victorious general who saved Gondor from the Wainriders after winning the southern theatre of the war. Steward [[Pelendur]] who was temporarily ruling Gondor as serving as arbiter of succession, intervened in favour of Gondor's victorious general who would rule as [[Eärnil II]].<br />
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===== The Last Heir of Anárion =====<br />
During the [[Battle of Fornost]], Eärnil II's heir Eärnur led Gondor's forces to victory over the [[Witch-king]] of [[Angmar]], who was actually the Lord of the [[Nazgûl]]. Although Eärnur wished to fight him, Eärnur's horse was terrified and fled the battle against his wishes. By the time he mastered his horse and return, the Witch-king had fled. [[Glorfindel]] the Elf then prophesied to him that it was better that he not fight the Lord of the Nazgûl because "never by the hand of man shall he fall". <br />
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Eärnur later ascended to the throne, ruling from Minas Anor (Tower of the Sun). During this time, the Ringwraiths captured Minas Anor's sister city, Minas Ithil (Tower of the Moon), renaming it Minas Morgul (Tower of Sorcery) and taking it as their lair. Minas Anor was renamed Minas Tirith (Tower of Guard) as a result. The Lord of the Nazgûl repeatedly sent messengers to Minas Tirith challenging Eärnur to single combat, taunting him that he had fled out of cowardice from facing him during the Battle of Fornost. Eventually, King Eärnur was overcome by wrath and rode with a small company of knights to Minas Morgul, to accept the challenge. They were never heard from again. So ended the Line of [[Anárion]].<br />
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==== The Ruling Stewards of Gondor ====<br />
{{main|Ruling Stewards}}<br />
The realm was governed by a long line of hereditary Stewards after the disappearance of [[Eärnur]], son of Eärnil, since there was no proof that the last king was dead, and no claimant had enough support to be accepted as his successor. The line of Anárion was held to have failed, and Gondor was not willing to risk to another Kin-strife, which would surely have destroyed it. Whenever there was a new Steward, he would swear an oath to yield rule of Gondor back to the King, in essence only an heir of Isildur, if he should ever return. In Gondor there was no one who could claim descent from Isildur in direct line, and the northern line of Arnor had effectively disappeared, so this oath was not considered seriously. The line of Stewards ruled as Kings, without having the title.<br />
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===== Cirion and Eorl =====<br />
[[Image:Ted Nasmith - The Oathtaking of Cirion and Eorl.jpg|thumb|left|200px|[[Ted Nasmith]] - ''The Oathtaking of Cirion and Eorl'']]<br />
In [[Third Age 2510]], when Steward [[Cirion]] ruled over Gondor, the nation faced one of its greatest perils: an Easterling tribe named the ''[[Balchoth]]'' invaded Gondor with massive force. Gondor's army marched to fight the Balchoth but were cut off from [[Minas Tirith]] and pushed back in the direction of the [[Limlight]].<br />
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Messengers were sent to get help from the [[Éothéod]], a tribe which lived in the northern vales of the [[Anduin]], but nobody expected the messengers to reach their destination. When certain peril came upon Gondor, however, the Éothéod turned the tide of the [[Battle of the Field of Celebrant]]. After the victory the Éothéod were awarded the fields of [[Calenardhon]] north of the [[Ered Nimrais]] from the Gap of Rohan at the southern end of the [[Misty Mountains|Hithaeglir]], [[Fangorn Forest]], rivers Limlight to river [[Anduin]], western [[Emyn Muil]] and the [[Mering Stream]], where they established the kingdom of [[Rohan]] with [[Eorl the Young]] as their first king. A perpetual alliance between Gondor and Rohan was established by the oath Eorl swore to Cirion.<ref name="CE"/><br />
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In {{TA|2710}} King [[Déor]] asked the help of [[Egalmoth (Steward of Gondor)|Steward Egalmoth]] to drive off the [[Dunlendings]] from the occupied [[Ring of Isengard]], but a renewed war against the Orcs prevented the Steward from fulfilling the Oath.<ref name="Elendil">{{PM|Elendil}}</ref><ref>{{UT|Isen}}</ref><br />
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Southern Gondor was assailed by three great fleets from Umbar and Harad and [[Beren (Steward of Gondor)|Steward Beren]] spent much of his rule fighting the [[Corsairs of Umbar]]. In the meantime, during the [[Long Winter]] of {{TA|2758}} - {{TA|2759|n}}, Rohan came under attack from the Dunlendings, so neither nation could help the other, until captain Beregond, Beren's son, repeled the invaders. Therefore when [[Saruman]] suddenly appeared and requested leave to dwell in [[Isengard]], Beren gladly gave the [[Wizard]] the [[key of Orthanc]]. By the time of Beregond, Gondor started recovering its strength.<ref name="Stewards">{{App|Stewards}}</ref><br />
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Upon the death of [[Belecthor]], the [[White Tree of Gondor]] also died, but was left standing "until the King comes".<ref>{{PM|Elendil}}, p. 206</ref><br />
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In {{TA|2885}}, when Ithilien was invaded in great strength, King [[Folcwine]] of Rohan fulfilled the Oath and sent many men to Gondor. With their aid Steward [[Túrin II]] won a victory at the [[Crossings of Poros]]. Since then, Gondor withdrew from Ithilien and only the [[Rangers of Ithilien]] remained with special refuges for them, and a fortification on Cair Andros.<ref name="Gondor"/><br />
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It was near the end of [[Turgon (Steward of Gondor)|Turgon]]'s rule, in {{TA|2951}}, when [[Sauron]] declared himself openly in [[Mordor]]; he gathered his power there, and began rebuilding [[Barad-dûr]].<ref>{{App|TA}}</ref> [[Ecthelion II]] strengthened [[Pelargir]] and refortified [[Cair Andros]].<ref name="Elendil"/> Under his service, the stranger [[Thorongil]], severely damaged the Corsairs' fleet at Umbar in a [[Surprise Attack on Umbar|surprise attack]].<ref name="Stewards"/><br />
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===== War of the Ring=====<br />
{{main|War of the Ring}}<br />
[[File:Steven White Jr. - Gondor TA3019.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Gondor in {{TA|3019}}]]<br />
In 3019, during the [[War of the Ring]], Gondor was the strongest of the free nations that opposed Sauron, and thus, its defeat was his primary strategic goal in the war.<ref name="MT">{{RK|V1}}</ref> Gondor faced an all out attack on its capital Minas Tirith in the [[Battle of the Pelennor Fields]]. Although nearly defeated, the Rohirrim once again turned the tide of battle, and helped win the war, though with heavy losses.<ref name="tBotPF">{{RK|Battle}}</ref> The combined army of the West then carried the battle to Sauron at the Battle of the Morannon, a feint to distract Sauron's attention from Frodo Baggins's quest to destroy the One Ring in Mount Doom, thus causing Sauron's destruction and the allies' ultimate victory.<br />
<br />
===Later History===<br />
{{main|Reunited Kingdom}}<br />
After the second and final defeat of Sauron, the [[King of Gondor|Kingship of Gondor]] was restored, [[Aragorn|Aragorn II]] became the third [[King of Gondor and Arnor]]. <br />
<br />
During his reign, [[Aragorn]] restored Gondor and repeopled it, but retained [[Minas Tirith]] as the chief city.<ref name="Elendil">{{PM|Elendil}}</ref>. He, alongside [[King of Rohan|King]] [[Éomer]], led military campaigns beyond the [[Sea of Rhûn]] and on the far fields of the [[South]].<ref name="Appendix A">{{App|Mark}}</ref> As a result, he was able to re-establish his dominance in places which Gondor initially held at the height of its power. The threat of the [[Corsairs of Umbar|Corsairs]] was finally completely subdued during his reign and [[Umbar]] was finally re-taken.<ref name="AppGondor"/> He also made peace with the [[Haradrim]] after his coronation.<ref name="RK-StewardKing">{{RK|VI5}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Politics==<br />
Gondor was divided into regions described as 'fiefs', each under the control of a lord who in turn owed their allegiance to the Ruler of Gondor, whether the [[King of Gondor|King]] or (in later years) the [[Ruling Steward]].<ref name="Fortyone">{{PM|Languages}}, §41, p. 45</ref> Many of these fiefs were dominated by the [[Dúnedain of the South]], notably the royal lands of [[Anórien]] and [[Ithilien]], as well as the shoreland fief of [[Belfalas]].<ref name=languages/><br />
<br />
The [[Númenórean]] [[King of Gondor]] governed the realm with the frame of ancient law, of which he was administrator (and interpreter) but not the maker.<ref name="politics">{{L|244}}</ref> In all debatable matters of importance domestic, or external, however, even [[Denethor II|Denethor]] had a [[Council of Gondor|Council]], and at least listened to what the Lords of the Fiefs and the Captains of the Forces had to say.<ref name="politics"/> [[Aragorn]] re-established the [[Council of Gondor|Great Council of Gondor]], and in that [[Faramir]], who remained by inheritance the [[Steward]] (or representative of the King during his absence abroad, or sickness, or between his death and the accession of his heir) was his chief counsellor.<ref name="politics"/><br />
<br />
==Geography==<br />
At its greatest extent, the realm extended:<ref name="AppGondor">{{App|Gondor}}</ref><br />
<br />
* North to the [[Field of Celebrant]] and the southern eaves of [[Mirkwood]]<ref name="AppGondor"/><br />
* West to the [[Greyflood]]<ref name="AppGondor"/><br />
* East to the inland [[Sea of Rhûn]]<ref name="AppGondor"/><br />
* South to the [[River Harnen]], and also along the coast to the peninsula and haven of [[Umbar]]<ref name="AppGondor"/><br />
<br />
[[Calenardhon|A large part of the northern territories]] was gifted to the [[Éothéod]] in {{TA|2510}}.<ref name="CE">{{UT|Cirion}}</ref> Gondor's close proximity to Sauron's land was the catalyst of many battles and skirmishes, but its location also gave the Gondorians more ability to protect the other regions of Middle-earth from the Dark Lord and his servants.<ref name="CoE">{{FR|Council}}</ref><br />
<br />
At the height of its power, between the reigns of [[Hyarmendacil I]] and [[Rómendacil II]] ({{TA|1015}}-{{TA|1366|n}}), the wide lands between [[Anduin]] and the [[Sea of Rhûn]] were never effectively settled or occupied, and the only true north boundary of the Kingdom east of [[Anduin]] was formed by the [[Emyn Muil]] and the marshes south and east of them.<ref name=Atani/> Númenorean influence, however, went far beyond even these extended bounds, passing up the [[Vales of Anduin]] to its sources, and reaching the lands east of [[Mirkwood]], between the [[River Running]] and the [[River Carnen]].<ref name=Atani/><br />
<br />
===Regions===<br />
Gondor was divided between several nearly autonomous regions. These were the following:<br />
<br />
* [[Andrast]], the de-populated peninsula of [[Ras Morthil]]<br />
* [[Anfalas]], or the Langstrand, in the south-west<br />
* [[Anórien]], surrounding [[Minas Tirith]] and north of Ered Nimrais<br />
* [[Belfalas]], the peninsula jutting out from the southern coast of Gondor ruled by the [[Prince of Dol Amroth]]<br />
* [[Ethir Anduin]], the estuary of the [[Anduin|River Anduin]]<br />
* [[Ithilien]], the lands across the [[Anduin]] from Minas Tirith<br />
* [[Lamedon]], north of the [[Ringló]]<br />
* [[Lebennin]], the land between Lossarnach and the Bay of Belfalas <br />
* [[Lossarnach]], in the mountain vales south-west of Minas Tirith <br />
* [[Morthond]], south of Erech<br />
* [[Pinnath Gelin]], the hills north of Anfalas and east of the river Lefnui<br />
* [[Ringló Vale]], between Lamedon and [[Belfalas]]<br />
<br />
Additionally, Gondor held or had held the following regions at certain points in its history:<br />
* [[South Gondor]], which was contested between Gondor and the forces of [[Harad]] and [[Umbar]]<br />
* [[Calenardhon]], which was given to the Éothéod and became Rohan<br />
* [[Enedwaith]], the timberlands of Gondor (shared with [[Arnor]]), which were never really populated and soon abandoned<br />
* [[Rhovanion]], which was never fully under the control of Gondor but under Gondorian influence at certain times during the Third Age<br />
* [[Haradwaith]], tributary of Gondor for a while<br />
<br />
===Cities===<br />
Cities in Gondor included:<br />
* [[Calembel]]<br />
* [[Dol Amroth]], the seat of [[Prince of Dol Amroth|Princes]] on the coasts of Gondor<br />
* [[Linhir]]<br />
* [[Minas Tirith]] (originally named [[Minas Anor]]), the seven-tiered citadel of the [[Kings of Gondor]]<br />
* [[Minas Ithil]], conquered by the [[Ringwraiths]] and renamed [[Minas Morgul]] by the [[Gondorians]]<br />
* [[Osgiliath]], the ancient capital of Gondor<br />
* [[Pelargir]], the greatest and most ancient of the havens of Gondor<br />
* [[Tarnost]] (debatable)<ref name="t2M">[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], [[Christopher Tolkien]], ''[[The War of the Ring]]'', "[[The Second Map]]"</ref><br />
<br />
===Fortresses and outposts===<br />
Additionally, Gondor used the following locations as military strongholds at certain points in its history, many of which Mordor later took:<br />
* The outposts of [[Amon Hen]] and [[Amon Lhaw]] on [[Emyn Muil]] probably had small garrisons<br />
* [[Isengard|Angrenost]], the fortress of Isengard, later granted to [[Saruman]]<br />
* The Gondorian fortress later known as [[Hornburg]], guarding the [[Helm's Deep]]<br />
* The [[Towers of the Teeth]], built by the Gondorians to keep watch over Mordor.<br />
* The [[Tower of Cirith Ungol|fortress]] guarding the pass of [[Cirith Ungol]]<br />
* The castle that came to be called [[Durthang]], the largest fortress in Mordor, originally built to guard the [[Ephel Dúath]]<br />
* [[Tharbad]] to the north, held by both Gondor and Arnor but abandoned and later ruined after Gondor retreated from [[Enedwaith]]<br />
* [[Umbar]], which was contested between Gondor and the forces of [[Harad]] and [[Umbar]]<br />
<br />
==Languages==<br />
[[Westron]], or the Common Speech, was the main language of the people of [[Gondor]]. An antique, more formal and terse, form of the Common Tongue was spoken by the Gondorians.<ref>{{App|Translation}}</ref> <br />
<br />
Many of the Men of Gondor could also speak the [[Elvish]] tongues, a notable distinction and characteristic among the [[Dúnedain of the South]].<ref name=languages/> [[Sindarin]] had long ceased to be a "first language" in Gondor, but was learned in early youth (by those claiming [[Númenórean]] descent) from loremasters, and used by them as a mark of rank and high-blood.<ref name="Elendil"/> It had changed very little since the [[Downfall of Númenor]] and though the [[Men of Gondor]] altered some of the sounds, they could still understand the [[Elves]] and be understood by them.<ref name="Elendil"/> [[Westron]] became used more and more by the [[Dúnedain of Gondor]] themselves, so that at the time of the [[War of the Ring]], [[Sindarin]] was known to only a small part of the peoples of Gondor (and spoken daily by fewer); they dwelt mostly in [[Minas Tirith]] and the adjacent townlands, and in the land of the tributary princes of [[Dol Amroth]].<ref name=languages/> [[Sindarin]] was used to be polite, especially in [[Minas Tirith]].<ref name="quenya">{{L|347}}</ref><br />
<br />
[[Quenya]] was known to the learned of Gondor, a tradition which has continued from the loremasters of [[Númenor]], to be used for places of fame and reverence in addition to the names of royalty and men of great renown.<ref name="quenya"/><ref name=languages/> All the royal names of the [[Kings of Gondor]] as well as all the [[Stewards]] until [[Mardil Voronwë]] were [[Quenya]] names.<ref name=languages/><ref>{{App|South}}</ref> At the end of the [[Third Age]], there were more [[Gondorians]] (those of [[Minas Tirith]] and its fiefs) that knew [[Quenya]] or spoke [[Sindarin]] than there were [[Elves]] (those of [[Lindon]], [[Rivendell]], and [[Lórien]]) who did either.<ref name="quenya"/> <br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
In earlier times, it was called the South Kingdom, or ''Hyaralondie'', ''Hyallondie'' and ''Turmen Hyallondiéva'' in Quenya, and ''Arthor na Challonnas'' in Sindarin from the Númenórean point of view: the elements ''[[londie]]'' and ''[[lonnas]]'' mean "harbour, landing".<ref name="PE17">{{PE|17}}</ref><br />
<br />
The name '''Gondor''' was likely adopted from the lesser people's terminology<ref name="L324">{{L|324}}</ref> and translates from [[Sindarin]] as "Stone-land", from the words ''[[gond]]'', "stone", and ''(n)[[dor]]'', "land".<ref name="L324"/> The (generally not used) [[Quenya]] form of the name was ''Ondonóre''.<ref name="VT42">{{VT|42}}</ref> Gondor received its name because of the abundance of stone in the [[Ered Nimrais]], and the usage of it in great stone cities, statues, and monuments, such as Minas Tirith and the Argonath. <br />
<br />
In [[Rohan]], it was known as '''Stoningland''' (a modernization of [[Old English]] ''Stāning-(land)''<ref>{{HM|N}}, p. 776</ref>),<ref name="tBotPF"/> and [[Ghân-buri-Ghân]] of the [[Drúedain]] also recognized their use of stone.<ref name="RotR">{{RK|Ride}}</ref><br />
==Inspiration==<br />
The history and civilization of Gondor has been compared to historical elements of the real world. Many real-world civilizations experienced periods in which a regent, vizier, or or general held actual power in the name a rightful monarch, like the Ruling Stewards did in Gondor. In his letters Tolkien compared the Ruling Stewards of Gondor to the Carolingians of France--Charlemagne's line descended from a marshal in service to the Merovingian dynasty that eventually replaced them.<br />
===Italy===<br />
[[Letter to Jennifer Brookes-Smith (28 July 1955)|Writing in a letter]] about an impending trip in [[1955]], Tolkien identified Gondor as [[Wikipedia:Italy|Italy]].<ref>{{CG|C}}, p. 462</ref><br />
===Egypt===<br />
[[Tolkien]] himself likened Gondor in a degree to ancient Egypt, in terms of how Gondorians constructed gigantic stone structures, and the [[Crown of Gondor]] being similar to the [[Wikipedia:Pschent|crown of the Pharaohs of Egypt]].<ref>{{L|211}}, p. 281</ref> Notably, some "scholars" claimed that ancient Egypt was a colony of [[Atlantis]],<ref>[[Wikipedia:Ignatius L. Donnelly|Ignatius L. Donnelly]], [http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/4032 Atlantis: The Antediluvian World] (1882), Part V, Chapter II: The Egyptian Colony</ref> much like how Gondor was a survival of Númenor (although it is unknown if Tolkien considered this aspect).<br />
===Byzantine Empire===<br />
In online discussions, many [[Tolkien fandom|Tolkien fans]] have entertained the idea that Gondor is comparable to the [[Wikipedia:Byzantine Empire|Byzantine Empire]],<ref>{{webcite|author=|articleurl=http://www.middleearthcenter.com/forums/showthread.php?t=21307|articlename=Gondor -> Byzantine Empire|dated=|website=[http://www.middleearthcenter.com/ Middle-earth Center]|accessed=22 September 2012}}</ref><ref>{{webcite|author=|articleurl=http://www.lotrplaza.com/forum/forum_posts.asp?TID=229914|articlename=Is Gondor Constantinople?|dated=|website=Plaza|accessed=22 September 2012}}</ref><ref>{{webcite|author=|articleurl=http://www.thephora.net/forum/showthread.php?t=12555|articlename=Gondor = Byzantium?|dated=|website=[http://www.thephora.net/forum/index.php The Phora]|accessed=22 September 2012}}</ref> and Tolkien himself referred to Minas Tirith as a "Byzantine City".<ref>{{HM|RC}}, p. 570</ref> Some of the parallels noted between Gondor and the Byzantine Empire are:<ref>Miryam Librán-Moreno, "'Byzantium, New Rome!': Goths, Langobards, and Byzantium in ''The Lord of the Rings''", in ''[[Tolkien and the Study of His Sources]]'' (edited by [[Jason Fisher]]</ref><ref>{{webcite|author=Tom Simon|articleurl=http://www.bondwine.com/essays/38/gondor.html|articlename=Gondor, Byzantium, and Feudalism|dated=13 March 2010|website=[http://www.bondwine.com/ Bondwine]|accessed=22 September 2012}}</ref><br />
<br />
Gondor is the south-eastern portion of [[Elendil]]'s original kingdom. The Byzantine Empire was the Eastern remnant of the Roman Empire. The [[Wikipedia:Western Roman Empire|Western Roman Empire]] eventually withered and dissolved, like [[Arnor]], while the Byzantine Empire endured, although in declined state. Their geographical role is also comparable as the Byzantine Empire encircled the Mediterranean while Gondor occupied the region around the [[Bay of Belfalas]]; both were threatened by [[Easterlings|eastern]] and [[Haradrim|southern]] adversaries. The Byzantine Empire absorbed several "barbaric" peoples like the Wends and Slavs, much like Gondor did with the [[Northmen]] and other [[Middle Men]]. <br />
<br />
As a final note, the last Byzantine Emperor, [[Wikipedia:Constantine_XI_Palaiologos#Legacy|Constantine XI]], remained in legend and folklore as the [[Wikipedia:King in the mountain|"Marble King"]] whose messianic ressurection and return would signal the restoration of the Empire. This parallels the fate of [[Earnur]] and Gondor's interregnum period until the "Return of the [[Aragorn|King]]" who [[Reunited Kingdom|restored the Kingdom]]. However unlike the Byzantine Empire, Gondor did not fall. Like Minas Tirith, the Byzantine capital Constantinople sat near a strategic waterway (the Anduin to the Bay of Tolfalas in the case of Minas Tirith, the Bosporus Strait in the case of Constantinople) and was protected by massive walls that were virtually impregnable until the rise of effective gunpowder weapons in the real-world 15th century.<br />
{{references}}<br />
{{FellowshipRoute}}<br />
[[Category:Gondor| ]]<br />
[[Category:Regions]]<br />
[[Category:Sindarin locations]]<br />
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[[de:Gondor]]<br />
[[fi:Gondor]]</div>Kulid123https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Gondor&diff=315909Gondor2020-06-22T04:14:27Z<p>Kulid123: Cleaned up! Needs more work...</p>
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<div>{{kingdom<br />
| image=[[File:Abe Papakhian - Minas Tirith.jpg|250px]]<br />
| name=Gondor<br />
| pronun=<br />
| othernames=Kingdom of the South, The South-kingdom, Stoningland<br />
| location=South of [[White Mountains]], west of [[Mordor]]<br />
| capital=[[Osgiliath]] ({{SA|3320}} - {{TA|1640}})<br/>[[Minas Tirith]] (from {{TA|1640}})<br />
| towns=[[Pelargir]], [[Calembel]], [[Dol Amroth]], [[Erech]], [[Linhir]]<br/>Formerly: [[Minas Morgul|Minas Ithil]]<br />
| regions=[[Anórien]], [[Ithilien]], [[Lossarnach]], [[Lebennin]], [[Harondor]] (contested), [[Belfalas]], [[Lamedon]], [[Anfalas]], [[Enedwaith]] (shared with [[Arnor]])<br/>Formerly: [[Calenardhon]] <br />
| population=Primarily [[Gondorians]] ([[Belfalas]] was inhabited by [[Elves]] for some time)<br />
| language=[[Westron]], [[Númenórean Sindarin]], [[Quenya]]<br />
| govern1=[[Kings of Gondor|King of Gondor]]/[[High King of the Dúnedain|High King]]<br />
| govern2=Later [[Ruling Steward]]<br />
| govern3=[[Council of Gondor]]<br />
| currency=[[Castar]]<br />
| holiday=[[Cormarë]] (Fourth Age)<br />
| precededby=[[Númenor]]<br />
| event1=Founded<br />
| event1date={{SA|3320}}<br />
| event2=Independence<br />
| event2date={{TA|2}}<br />
| event3=First Ruling Steward<br />
| event3date={{TA|2050}}<br />
| event4=Rohan&nbsp;formed<br />
| event4date={{TA|2510}}<br />
| event5=Kings return<br />
| event5date=[[1 May]], {{TA|3019}}<br />
| followedby=[[Reunited Kingdom]]<br />
}}<br />
{{Pronounce|Gondor.mp3|Ardamir}}<br />
<center>{{quote|Gondor! Gondor, between the Mountains and the Sea!<br>West Wind blew there; light upon the Silver Tree|[[Aragorn]]<ref name="tRoR">[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'', ''[[The Two Towers]]'', "[[The Riders of Rohan]]"</ref>}}</center><br />
<br />
'''Gondor''', or the '''South-kingdom''', was one of the two [[Kingdoms of the Dúnedain]] (the other being [[Arnor]] in the north) in the lands about the [[Mouths of Anduin]]. Initially the lesser of the [[Realms in Exile|Realms in-Exile]], Gondor survived to the end of the [[Third Age]], unlike [[Arnor]], and had an instrumental role in the [[War of the Ring]].<br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
===Second Age===<br />
==== Foundation ====<br />
After the [[Downfall of Númenor]], the [[Exiles of Númenor]], led by [[Elendil]], established the [[Realms in Exile]] of [[Arnor]] and [[Gondor]]. Arriving at the [[Mouths of Anduin]], Elendil's sons, [[Isildur]] and [[Anárion]], ascended the great river and founded the realm of Gondor.<ref name=rings>{{S|Rings}}</ref> <br />
<br />
In [[Númenor]]ean colonies and outposts, such as [[Belfalas]] and [[Pelargir]],<ref name="UTD">{{UT|Druedain}}</ref> there were many [[Faithful]], fully or partially of [[Númenórean]] blood, who descended from [[Númenor]] long before its [[Downfall of Numenor|Downfall]]. The colonists welcomed Elendil's sons and allied themselves with the founders of the [[Kingdoms of the Dúnedain]].<ref name=rings/><ref name=languages>{{App|Men}}</ref> Elendil made the Faithful nobles (kin of Elendil) who ruled Belfalas "[[Princes of Dol Amroth|Princes]]".<ref name="Cirion">{{UT|Cirion}}</ref> There were also many men of mingled blood, descended from the [[Men of the Mountains|Men of]] the [[White Mountains]] during the [[Dark Years]].<ref name="Minas Tirith">{{RK|V1}}</ref> <br />
<br />
[[Image:Ted Nasmith - The White Tree.jpg|thumb|[[Ted Nasmith]] - ''The White Tree'']]<br />
<br />
At this early point in its history, Gondor was the lesser of the Kingdoms of the Dúnedain, with their conjoint [[King of Gondor|Kings]] subject to the [[High King (Dúnedain)|High King]] who ruled [[Arnor]] in the North. After their arrival and acceptance by the people, [[Isildur]] and [[Anárion]] put themselves to the task of ordering their realm. Isildur took the area then known as [[Arnen]] (later [[Ithilien]])<ref>{{VT|42a}}, p. 17</ref> and built the tower of [[Minas Ithil]] near Mordor as a threat to the [[Mordor|Black Land]], and within its walls he planted a seedling of the [[Nimloth of Númenor|White Tree]] of [[Númenor]] that he had taken before its burning. [[Anárion]] raised the tower of [[Minas Anor]] on the other side of [[Anduin]]'s floodplain as a bulwark against the [[Wild Men]]. In between their cities, the brothers founded [[Osgiliath]], their capital, from which they jointly reigned; these three cities also housed three of the [[palantíri]], the Seeing Stones that the [[Faithful]] had taken with them from [[Númenor]], to maintain contact with [[Elendil]] and the other areas under their control.<br />
<br />
Extraordinary knowledge of stonework was brought to the South-kingdom from [[Númenor]], and this skill was a vital part of the character of [ondor and its people. In the early years of the realm, the [[Gondorians]] worked to erect mighty cities and monuments throughout their new land.<ref name=rings/> Their original capital at [[Osgiliath]] had great stone bridges spanned the [[Anduin]], as well as mighty houses and towers of stone.<ref name=rings/> Other works marvellous and strong they built in the land in the days of their power, at the [[Argonath]], and at [[Aglarond]], and at [[Erech]]; and at [[Isengard]], they made the [[Orthanc|Pinnacle of Orthanc]] of unbreakable stone.<ref name=rings/> Great roads that ran both north and south of the [[White Mountains]] traversed through the realm.<ref>{{RK|Ride}}</ref><br />
<br />
Gondor was, from the beginnning of its history, always more powerful and populous than its northern counterpart, the [[Arnor]], in spite of its borders being impeded in the South and East.<ref>{{PM|Atani}}</ref><br />
<br />
==== War of the Last Alliance ====<br />
{{main|War of the Last Alliance}}<br />
Gondor was at first unaware that [[Sauron]], who had been taken as a prisoner to [[Númenor]] before its destruction, had survived the disastrous [[Downfall of Númenor|Downfall]]. However, not long after the kingdom's cities were built, the awakening of the fires of [[Orodruin]] signalled his return. At that time, the [[Men of Gondor]] first called the mountain ''[[Amon Amarth]]'', or [[Mount Doom]].<ref>{{App|Numenor}}</ref><br />
<br />
Soon after, in {{SA|3429}}, [[Sauron]] launched an [[Fall of Minas Ithil|attack on Minas Ithil]], which forced [[Isildur]] into a retreat. Sauron took the fortress and burned the [[White Tree of Gondor]] that had grown there, but Isildur saved one of its seedlings and took it and his family on a ship down the [[Anduin]]. He sailed to the north to confer with [[Elendil]] about these events while [[Anárion]] remained in Gondor and continued to hold [[Minas Anor]] and [[Osgiliath]].<ref>{{App|B1}}</ref> He also managed to push back [[Sauron]]'s forces to the mountain range of [[Ephel Dúath]], but Sauron began to gather reinforcements and the [[Men of Gondor]] knew that their realm was in great danger of being destroyed unless aid came.<br />
<br />
[[Elendil]] reacted to the threat of Sauron by combining forces with [[Gil-galad]], the [[High King of the Noldor]], to make the [[Last Alliance of Elves and Men]]. Their armies marched south-east from [[Arnor]] and [[Lindon]]. Supported by the forces of Gondor, [[Lórinand]], the [[Woodland Realm]], and [[Khazad-dûm]], the [[Last Alliance|Alliance]] fought a great battle on the plain of [[Dagorlad]], north of [[Mordor]]. The [[Last Alliance]] was victorious, and entered [[Mordor]] itself, where they laid a siege on Sauron's Tower of [[Siege of Barad-dûr|Barad-dûr]] for seven years. During this time, [[Anárion]], joint [[King of Gondor]], was killed by a rock thrown from [[Barad-dûr]] that broke his helm. The siege ended when [[Sauron]] himself emerged from [[Barad-dûr]] to fight the [[Last Alliance|Alliance]]. [[Gil-galad]] and [[Elendil]] were slain in single combat, but [[Isildur]] cut the [[One Ring]] from Sauron's finger ending the war.<ref name=rings/><br />
<br />
=== Third Age ===<br />
====Independence====<br />
After the battle, [[Isildur]], former joint [[King of Gondor]] and heir to the [[High King (Dúnedain)|High Kingship]], built a secret tomb for [[Elendil]] on the mountain [[Amon Anwar]]<ref name="CE"/> and placed the rule of Gondor in the hands of his brother's eldest eligible son, [[Meneldil]]. Isildur planted the seedling of the White Tree that he had saved in [[Minas Ithil]], and brought to Minas Anor, and it endured for several centuries. <br />
<br />
After these acts, Isildur left Gondor in {{TA|2}} with the intent of taking up the [[High King (Dúnedain)|High Kingship]] in [[Annúminas]]. He [[Disaster of the Gladden Fields|never arrived]].<ref name=rings/><ref name="AppB">{{App|B2}}</ref> [[Isildur]] had relinquished the rule of Gondor to his nephew [[Meneldil]] who became the first [[King of Gondor]] to rule in his own right and so, Gondor became an independent realm.<ref name=rings/><ref name="AppB"/><br />
<br />
==== Golden Age ====<br />
After the war, Gondor's power and wealth grew steadily (only interrupted by an [[Easterlings|Easterling]] invasion in {{TA|492}}). Its power would continue to grow into the 9th century of the Third Age. While the power of Gondor's sister kingdom [[Arnor]] peaked during the 9th century, when it broke into various successor states, Gondor's greatest glory was yet to come.<br />
[[File:Steven White Jr. - Gondor TA1050.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Gondor in {{TA|1050}}]]<br />
Gondor's power reached its Golden Age under the four "[[Ship-kings]]": [[Tarannon Falastur]], [[Eärnil I]], [[Ciryandil]], and [[Hyarmendacil I]].<br />
<br />
The reign of Tarannon was an unhappy one: he married [[Berúthiel]], nefarious and loveless. Unlike her husband, she hated the Sea, its smells and its sounds. Mystery began to surround her as she used her [[cats]] to spy on the Gondorian nobility, and paranoia and fear rose. After much ado, Tarannon banished her from Gondor, setting her on an adrift ship with her cats. The ship was last seen passing [[Umbar]] in the South.<ref name="UTI7">{{UT|Istari}}, note 7</ref> Because he exiled his wife, Tarannon died childless, and the kingship went to his nephew Eärnil I. But not all went ill for Tarannon. Around {{TA|830}}, Tarannon captured the land of Harandor, and took the name Falastur, meaning Lord of Coasts.<br />
<br />
But Gondor was not the supreme lord of the coasts as Tarannon boasted, the haven of [[Umbar]] stood in their way of complete domination. So in 933, Eärnil I defeated the Umbarim, seizing control of the seas. Even though Gondor held unrivaled control of the seas, Eärnil I was lost at sea and was never seen again. The exiled nobility of Umbar sought to depose the newly established Gondorian control of Umbar. They mustered a Haradrim army and besieged the city. In hopes of relieving the siege, Ciryandil I led an army into Harad, but in 1149 he died fighting the Haradrim.<br />
<br />
In the reign of the powerful king Hyarmendacil I Gondor reached the height of its power. During Hyarmendacil's reign, Gondor's borders reached their furthest extent. The Kingdom extended east to the [[Sea of Rhûn]]; south to the [[Harnen]] and all the coast up to the cape of [[Umbar]]; as far north as [[Celebrant]]; and west towards [[Greyflood]]. Gondor would also enjoy several centuries of peace due to its military might. The [[Men of the Vales of Anduin]] as well as the Haradrim acknowledged its authority and overlordship, with the Kings of Harad paying homage.<ref name="Gondor"/><br />
<br />
[[Rómendacil II]] built on the northern approach to [[Nen Hithoel]] the giant pillars [[Argonath]] to mark the northern border of Gondor following a great victory over the [[Easterlings]] in {{TA|1248}}.<ref>{{App|B2}}</ref><br />
<br />
==== Decline ====<br />
After Rómendacil II's reign, decadence spread under the kings of Gondor and a long period of decline began (although Gondor experienced several revivals). Three great calamities struck Gondor during the second millennium of the Third Age, which are held to be the chief reasons for its decline: the [[Kin-strife]], the [[Great Plague]], and the invasion of the [[Wainriders]] (a tribe of Easterlings), one of series of conflicts in the [[Wainrider/Balchoth War]]. =<br />
<br />
===== The Kin-strife =====<br />
{{main|Kin-strife}}<br />
In the 15th century a great civil war named the Kin-strife tore the nation apart. The current King Eldacar was of mixed blood: his mother was of the Northmen. Popular displeasure at this led to the overthrow of King Eldacar by Castamir, the admiral of all of Gondor's naval forces who possessed some royal blood. Eldacar's son was slain, and Eldacar fled north. Castamir was afterwards known as [[Castamir|Castamir the Usurper]]. During his ten year rule he proved to be very cruel, and because of his love of his old fleet, he lavished attention on the coastal regions while the interior provinces were ignored and left to rot. Eldacar then returned with an army of his Northmen kinsmen, and they were joined by armies of Gondorians from interior provinces such as Anórien. [[Osgiliath]] was devastated during this conflict, its great bridge destroyed and its ''[[palantíri|palantír]]'' lost. Eldacar slew Castamir and reclaimed his throne, but Castamir's sons and their forces were besieged in Pelargir, the great port of Gondor. They eventually retreated to Umbar, where they joined with the Corsairs, and troubled Gondor for many years, until their descendants died out.<br />
<br />
===== The Great Plague =====<br />
{{main|Great Plague}}<br />
In [[Third Age 1636]] the [[Great Plague]] struck and the [[White Tree of Gondor|White Tree]] died. This Plague was no localized event: the Plague swept through all of Middle-earth, reaching the successor states of Arnor and the [[Hobbits]] of [[the Shire]] in the North. King [[Tarondor (King of Gondor)|Tarondor]] found a sapling of the White Tree, and moved the capital from Osgiliath to [[Minas Anor]], the City of Anárion. During this time, Gondor was so depopulated that the fortifications guarding against the re-entry of evil into Mordor were abandoned. It is believed that had the Haradrim or Easterlings been capable of attacking Gondor at this time, it would have fallen. However, the Plague left Gondor's enemies in no better condition than Gondor itself, and neither side was capable of mounting new offensives.<br />
<br />
===== The Invasion of the Wainriders =====<br />
The first invasion of the Wainriders began {{TA|1856}} during the reign of King [[Narmacil II]], following the sapping of Gondor's strength by the plague. The spirit of Sauron in the East stirred up the forces of the Wainriders to attack the lands of Gondor and her allies. The Wainriders were stronger than any other horde of Easterlings before, and so in 1856, on the fields of Rhovanion, the Wainriders defeated the forces of Gondor and the Northmen, killing [[Narmacil II]] and enslaving Rhovanion. During the enslavement of Rhovannion, the Nazgûl entered Mordor. But the Gondorians would not sit idle, while their allies to the north were suffering under the Wainriders. In 1899 Kingn Calimehtar led a revot in Rhovanion, and defeated the Wainriders in the Battle of Dagorlad. <br />
<br />
{{TA|1940}} The King [[Ondoher]] took council with [[Araphant]] the king of [[Arthedain]]. The kings realized that one force was beset on destroying the kingdoms of the [[Dunedain]]. For a long time it had lain dormant, but in the weakness of both kingdoms, it attacked. The Kingdoms allied against the power, and Prince [[Arvedui]] of Arthedain married Firiel the daughter of Ondoher. <br />
<br />
After licking their wounds for 45 years the Wainriders returned with allies from Khand and Harad {{TA|1944}}. The Wainriders came in the north from Rhovanion and the men of Harad and Khand attacked from the South. The Wainriders destroyed the Northern Army of Gondor, but in the south Gondor defeated the Southrons at the River Poros. Their Captain Eärnil gathered the remnants of the northern army, and went north to challenge the Wainriders. In the [[Battle of the Camp]] Eärnil surprised the Wainriders, while they were celebrating their victory.<br />
<br />
===== Reunification Rejected =====<br />
In 1944, Gondor also faced a constitutional crisis when King [[Ondoher]] was slain in a previous battle with both his sons. Prince [[Arvedui]], son of King [[Araphant]] of [[Arthedain]] and Ondoher's son-in-law, and the victorious general Eärnil, who was a distant blood-relative of Ondoher, claimed the throne. Arvedui's claim lay mainly in the reintroduction of the old Númenórean law of accession, which stated the eldest (remaining) child should succeed the king. If the law was reintroduced, then Arvedui's wife [[Fíriel]], Ondoher's daughter and last remaining child would become [[Ruling Queens of Númenor|Ruling Queen]], making their descendants Kings of both Arnor and Gondor. Arvedui also tried to put weight behind his claim as he was Isildur's heir. The Council of Gondor recognised that the name of Isildur was held in honour in Gondor, but they dictated that the South-Kingdom must be ruled by an Heir of Anárion. Due to his ancestry from Fíriel and Arvedui, more than a millennium later, Aragorn Elessar put forward his claim as the heir of both Isildur and Anárion.<br />
<br />
Eärnil lay his claim as being a direct descendant of King [[Telumehtar]] Umbardacil. His claim was also greatly bolstered by the popularity he had gained as the victorious general who saved Gondor from the Wainriders after winning the southern theatre of the war. Steward [[Pelendur]] who was temporarily ruling Gondor as serving as arbiter of succession, intervened in favour of Gondor's victorious general who would rule as [[Eärnil II]].<br />
<br />
===== The Last Heir of Anárion =====<br />
During the [[Battle of Fornost]], Eärnil II's heir Eärnur led Gondor's forces to victory over the [[Witch-king]] of [[Angmar]], who was actually the Lord of the [[Nazgûl]]. Although Eärnur wished to fight him, Eärnur's horse was terrified and fled the battle against his wishes. By the time he mastered his horse and return, the Witch-king had fled. [[Glorfindel]] the Elf then prophesied to him that it was better that he not fight the Lord of the Nazgûl because "never by the hand of man shall he fall". <br />
<br />
Eärnur later ascended to the throne, ruling from Minas Anor (Tower of the Sun). During this time, the Ringwraiths captured Minas Anor's sister city, Minas Ithil (Tower of the Moon), renaming it Minas Morgul (Tower of Sorcery) and taking it as their lair. Minas Anor was renamed Minas Tirith (Tower of Guard) as a result. The Lord of the Nazgûl repeatedly sent messengers to Minas Tirith challenging Eärnur to single combat, taunting him that he had fled out of cowardice from facing him during the Battle of Fornost. Eventually, King Eärnur was overcome by wrath and rode with a small company of knights to Minas Morgul, to accept the challenge. They were never heard from again. So ended the Line of [[Anárion]].<br />
<br />
==== The Ruling Stewards of Gondor ====<br />
{{main|Ruling Stewards}}<br />
The realm was governed by a long line of hereditary Stewards after the disappearance of [[Eärnur]], son of Eärnil, since there was no proof that the last king was dead, and no claimant had enough support to be accepted as his successor. The line of Anárion was held to have failed, and Gondor was not willing to risk to another Kin-strife, which would surely have destroyed it. Whenever there was a new Steward, he would swear an oath to yield rule of Gondor back to the King, in essence only an heir of Isildur, if he should ever return. In Gondor there was no one who could claim descent from Isildur in direct line, and the northern line of Arnor had effectively disappeared, so this oath was not considered seriously. The line of Stewards ruled as Kings, without having the title.<br />
<br />
===== Cirion and Eorl =====<br />
[[Image:Ted Nasmith - The Oathtaking of Cirion and Eorl.jpg|thumb|left|200px|[[Ted Nasmith]] - ''The Oathtaking of Cirion and Eorl'']]<br />
In [[Third Age 2510]], when Steward [[Cirion]] ruled over Gondor, the nation faced one of its greatest perils: an Easterling tribe named the ''[[Balchoth]]'' invaded Gondor with massive force. Gondor's army marched to fight the Balchoth but were cut off from [[Minas Tirith]] and pushed back in the direction of the [[Limlight]].<br />
<br />
Messengers were sent to get help from the [[Éothéod]], a tribe which lived in the northern vales of the [[Anduin]], but nobody expected the messengers to reach their destination. When certain peril came upon Gondor, however, the Éothéod turned the tide of the [[Battle of the Field of Celebrant]]. After the victory the Éothéod were awarded the fields of [[Calenardhon]] north of the [[Ered Nimrais]] from the Gap of Rohan at the southern end of the [[Misty Mountains|Hithaeglir]], [[Fangorn Forest]], rivers Limlight to river [[Anduin]], western [[Emyn Muil]] and the [[Mering Stream]], where they established the kingdom of [[Rohan]] with [[Eorl the Young]] as their first king. A perpetual alliance between Gondor and Rohan was established by the oath Eorl swore to Cirion.<ref name="CE"/><br />
<br />
In {{TA|2710}} King [[Déor]] asked the help of [[Egalmoth (Steward of Gondor)|Steward Egalmoth]] to drive off the [[Dunlendings]] from the occupied [[Ring of Isengard]], but a renewed war against the Orcs prevented the Steward from fulfilling the Oath.<ref name="Elendil">{{PM|Elendil}}</ref><ref>{{UT|Isen}}</ref><br />
<br />
Southern Gondor was assailed by three great fleets from Umbar and Harad and [[Beren (Steward of Gondor)|Steward Beren]] spent much of his rule fighting the [[Corsairs of Umbar]]. In the meantime, during the [[Long Winter]] of {{TA|2758}} - {{TA|2759|n}}, Rohan came under attack from the Dunlendings, so neither nation could help the other, until captain Beregond, Beren's son, repeled the invaders. Therefore when [[Saruman]] suddenly appeared and requested leave to dwell in [[Isengard]], Beren gladly gave the [[Wizard]] the [[key of Orthanc]]. By the time of Beregond, Gondor started recovering its strength.<ref name="Stewards">{{App|Stewards}}</ref><br />
<br />
Upon the death of [[Belecthor]], the [[White Tree of Gondor]] also died, but was left standing "until the King comes".<ref>{{PM|Elendil}}, p. 206</ref><br />
<br />
In {{TA|2885}}, when Ithilien was invaded in great strength, King [[Folcwine]] of Rohan fulfilled the Oath and sent many men to Gondor. With their aid Steward [[Túrin II]] won a victory at the [[Crossings of Poros]]. Since then, Gondor withdrew from Ithilien and only the [[Rangers of Ithilien]] remained with special refuges for them, and a fortification on Cair Andros.<ref name="Gondor"/><br />
<br />
It was near the end of [[Turgon (Steward of Gondor)|Turgon]]'s rule, in {{TA|2951}}, when [[Sauron]] declared himself openly in [[Mordor]]; he gathered his power there, and began rebuilding [[Barad-dûr]].<ref>{{App|TA}}</ref> [[Ecthelion II]] strengthened [[Pelargir]] and refortified [[Cair Andros]].<ref name="Elendil"/> Under his service, the stranger [[Thorongil]], severely damaged the Corsairs' fleet at Umbar in a [[Surprise Attack on Umbar|surprise attack]].<ref name="Stewards"/><br />
<br />
===== War of the Ring=====<br />
{{main|War of the Ring}}<br />
[[File:Steven White Jr. - Gondor TA3019.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Gondor in {{TA|3019}}]]<br />
In 3019, during the [[War of the Ring]], Gondor was the strongest of the free nations that opposed Sauron, and thus, its defeat was his primary strategic goal in the war.<ref name="MT">{{RK|V1}}</ref> Gondor faced an all out attack on its capital Minas Tirith in the [[Battle of the Pelennor Fields]]. Although nearly defeated, the Rohirrim once again turned the tide of battle, and helped win the war, though with heavy losses.<ref name="tBotPF">{{RK|Battle}}</ref> The combined army of the West then carried the battle to Sauron at the Battle of the Morannon, a feint to distract Sauron's attention from Frodo Baggins's quest to destroy the One Ring in Mount Doom, thus causing Sauron's destruction and the allies' ultimate victory.<br />
<br />
===Later History===<br />
{{main|Reunited Kingdom}}<br />
After the second and final defeat of Sauron, the [[King of Gondor|Kingship of Gondor]] was restored, [[Aragorn|Aragorn II]] became the third [[King of Gondor and Arnor]]. <br />
<br />
During his reign, [[Aragorn]] restored Gondor and repeopled it, but retained [[Minas Tirith]] as the chief city.<ref name="Elendil">{{PM|Elendil}}</ref>. He, alongside [[King of Rohan|King]] [[Éomer]], led military campaigns beyond the [[Sea of Rhûn]] and on the far fields of the [[South]].<ref name="Appendix A">{{App|Mark}}</ref> As a result, he was able to re-establish his dominance in places which Gondor initially held at the height of its power. The threat of the [[Corsairs of Umbar|Corsairs]] was finally completely subdued during his reign and [[Umbar]] was finally re-taken.<ref name="AppGondor"/> He also made peace with the [[Haradrim]] after his coronation.<ref name="RK-StewardKing">{{RK|VI5}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Politics==<br />
Gondor was divided into regions described as 'fiefs', each under the control of a lord who in turn owed their allegiance to the Ruler of Gondor, whether the [[King of Gondor|King]] or (in later years) the [[Ruling Steward]].<ref name="Fortyone">{{PM|Languages}}, §41, p. 45</ref> Many of these fiefs were dominated by the [[Dúnedain of the South]], notably the royal lands of [[Anórien]] and [[Ithilien]], as well as the shoreland fief of [[Belfalas]].<ref name=languages/><br />
<br />
The [[Númenórean]] [[King of Gondor]] governed the realm with the frame of ancient law, of which he was administrator (and interpreter) but not the maker.<ref name="politics">{{L|244}}</ref> In all debatable matters of importance domestic, or external, however, even [[Denethor II|Denethor]] had a [[Council of Gondor|Council]], and at least listened to what the Lords of the Fiefs and the Captains of the Forces had to say.<ref name="politics"/> [[Aragorn]] re-established the [[Council of Gondor|Great Council of Gondor]], and in that [[Faramir]], who remained by inheritance the [[Steward]] (or representative of the King during his absence abroad, or sickness, or between his death and the accession of his heir) was his chief counsellor.<ref name="politics"/><br />
<br />
==Geography==<br />
At its greatest extent, the realm extended:<ref name="AppGondor">{{App|Gondor}}</ref><br />
<br />
* North to the [[Field of Celebrant]] and the southern eaves of [[Mirkwood]]<ref name="AppGondor"/><br />
* West to the [[Greyflood]]<ref name="AppGondor"/><br />
* East to the inland [[Sea of Rhûn]]<ref name="AppGondor"/><br />
* South to the [[River Harnen]], and also along the coast to the peninsula and haven of [[Umbar]]<ref name="AppGondor"/><br />
<br />
[[Calenardhon|A large part of the northern territories]] was gifted to the [[Éothéod]] in {{TA|2510}}.<ref name="CE">{{UT|Cirion}}</ref> Gondor's close proximity to Sauron's land was the catalyst of many battles and skirmishes, but its location also gave the Gondorians more ability to protect the other regions of Middle-earth from the Dark Lord and his servants.<ref name="CoE">{{FR|Council}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Regions===<br />
Gondor was divided between several nearly autonomous regions. These were the following:<br />
<br />
* [[Andrast]], the de-populated peninsula of [[Ras Morthil]]<br />
* [[Anfalas]], or the Langstrand, in the south-west<br />
* [[Anórien]], surrounding [[Minas Tirith]] and north of Ered Nimrais<br />
<br />
* [[Belfalas]], the peninsula jutting out from the southern coast of Gondor ruled by the [[Prince of Dol Amroth]]<br />
* [[Ethir Anduin]], south of the mouths of the Anduin<br />
* [[Ithilien]], the lands across the [[Anduin]] from Minas Tirith<br />
<br />
* [[Lamedon]], north of the [[Ringló]]<br />
<br />
* [[Lebennin]], the land between Lossarnach and the Bay of Belfalas <br />
* [[Lossarnach]], in the mountain vales south-west of Minas Tirith <br />
* [[Morthond]], south of Erech<br />
* [[Pinnath Gelin]], the hills north of Anfalas and east of the river Lefnui<br />
* [[Ringló Vale]], between Lamedon and [[Belfalas]]<br />
<br />
Additionally, Gondor held or had held the following regions at certain points in its history:<br />
* [[South Gondor]], which was contested between Gondor and the forces of [[Harad]] and [[Umbar]]<br />
* [[Calenardhon]], which was given to the Éothéod and became Rohan<br />
* [[Enedwaith]], the timberlands of Gondor (shared with [[Arnor]]), which were never really populated and soon abandoned<br />
* [[Rhovanion]], which was never fully under the control of Gondor but under Gondorian influence at certain times during the Third Age<br />
* [[Haradwaith]], tributary of Gondor for a while<br />
<br />
===Cities===<br />
Cities in Gondor included:<br />
* [[Calembel]]<br />
* [[Dol Amroth]], a city on the coast of Belfalas<br />
* [[Linhir]]<br />
* [[Minas Tirith]] (originally named Minas Anor), City of the Kings<br />
* [[Osgiliath]], city and former capital of Gondor on the river Anduin, largely destroyed and abandoned by the end of the Third Age<br />
* [[Pelargir]]<br />
* [[Tarnost]] (debatable)<ref name="t2M">[[J.R.R. Tolkien]], [[Christopher Tolkien]], ''[[The War of the Ring]]'', "[[The Second Map]]"</ref><br />
<br />
===Fortresses and outposts===<br />
Additionally, Gondor used the following locations as military strongholds at certain points in its history, many of which Mordor later took:<br />
* The outposts of [[Amon Hen]] and [[Amon Lhaw]] on [[Emyn Muil]] probably had small garrisons<br />
* [[Isengard|Angrenost]], the fortress of Isengard, later granted to [[Saruman]]<br />
* The Gondorian fortress later known as [[Hornburg]], guarding the [[Helm's Deep]]<br />
* The [[Towers of the Teeth]], built by the Gondorians to keep watch over Mordor.<br />
* The [[Tower of Cirith Ungol|fortress]] guarding the pass of [[Cirith Ungol]]<br />
* The castle that came to be called [[Durthang]], the largest fortress in Mordor, originally built to guard the [[Ephel Dúath]]<br />
* [[Minas Ithil]], conquered by the [[Ringwraiths]] and renamed [[Minas Morgul]] by the [[Gondorians]].<br />
* [[Tharbad]] to the north, held by both Gondor and Arnor but abandoned and later ruined after Gondor retreated from [[Enedwaith]]<br />
* [[Umbar]], which was contested between Gondor and the forces of [[Harad]] and [[Umbar]]<br />
<br />
==Languages==<br />
[[Westron]], or the Common Speech, was the main language of the people of [[Gondor]]. An antique, more formal and terse, form of the Common Tongue was spoken by the Gondorians.<ref>{{App|Translation}}</ref> <br />
<br />
Many of the Men of Gondor could also speak the [[Elvish]] tongues, a notable distinction and characteristic among the [[Dúnedain of the South]].<ref name=languages/> [[Sindarin]] had long ceased to be a "first language" in [[Gondor]], but was learned in early youth (by those claiming [[Númenórean]] descent) from loremasters, and used by them as a mark of rank and high-blood.<ref name="Elendil"/> It had changed very little since the [[Downfall of Númenor]] and though the Men of [[Gondor]] altered some of the sounds, they could still understand the [[Elves]] and be understood by them.<ref name="Elendil"/> [[Westron]] became used more and more by the Dúnedain of Gondor themselves, so that at the time of the [[War of the Ring]], [[Sindarin]] was known to only a small part of the peoples of Gondor (and spoken daily by fewer); they dwelt mostly in [[Minas Tirith]] and the adjacent townlands, and in the land of the tributary princes of [[Dol Amroth]].<ref name=languages/> [[Sindarin]] was used to be polite, especially in [[Minas Tirith]].<ref name="quenya">{{L|347}}</ref><br />
<br />
[[Quenya]] was known to the learned of [[Gondor]], a tradition which has continued from the loremasters of [[Númenor]], to be used for places of fame and reverence in addition to the names of royalty and men of great renown.<ref name="quenya"/><ref name=languages/> All the royal names of the [[Kings of Gondor]] as well as all the [[Stewards]] until [[Mardil Voronwë]] were [[Quenya]] names.<ref name=languages/><ref>{{App|South}}</ref> At the end of the [[Third Age]], there were more [[Men]] (those of [[Minas Tirith]] and its fiefs) that knew [[Quenya]] or spoke [[Sindarin]] than there were [[Elves]] (those of [[Lindon]], [[Rivendell]], and [[Lórien]]) who did either.<ref name="quenya"/> <br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
In earlier times, it was called the South Kingdom, or ''Hyaralondie'', ''Hyallondie'' and ''Turmen Hyallondiéva'' in Quenya, and ''Arthor na Challonnas'' in Sindarin from the Númenórean point of view: the elements ''[[londie]]'' and ''[[lonnas]]'' mean "harbour, landing".<ref name="PE17">{{PE|17}}</ref><br />
<br />
The name '''Gondor''' was likely adopted from the lesser people's terminology<ref name="L324">{{L|324}}</ref> and translates from [[Sindarin]] as "Stone-land", from the words ''[[gond]]'', "stone", and ''(n)[[dor]]'', "land".<ref name="L324"/> The (generally not used) [[Quenya]] form of the name was ''Ondonóre''.<ref name="VT42">{{VT|42}}</ref> Gondor received its name because of the abundance of stone in the [[Ered Nimrais]], and the usage of it in great stone cities, statues, and monuments, such as Minas Tirith and the Argonath. <br />
<br />
In [[Rohan]], it was known as '''Stoningland''' (a modernization of [[Old English]] ''Stāning-(land)''<ref>{{HM|N}}, p. 776</ref>),<ref name="tBotPF"/> and [[Ghân-buri-Ghân]] of the [[Drúedain]] also recognized their use of stone.<ref name="RotR">{{RK|Ride}}</ref><br />
==Inspiration==<br />
The history and civilization of Gondor has been compared to historical elements of the real world. Many real-world civilizations experienced periods in which a regent, vizier, or or general held actual power in the name a rightful monarch, like the Ruling Stewards did in Gondor. In his letters Tolkien compared the Ruling Stewards of Gondor to the Carolingians of France--Charlemagne's line descended from a marshal in service to the Merovingian dynasty that eventually replaced them.<br />
===Italy===<br />
[[Letter to Jennifer Brookes-Smith (28 July 1955)|Writing in a letter]] about an impending trip in [[1955]], Tolkien identified Gondor as [[Wikipedia:Italy|Italy]].<ref>{{CG|C}}, p. 462</ref><br />
===Egypt===<br />
[[Tolkien]] himself likened Gondor in a degree to ancient Egypt, in terms of how Gondorians constructed gigantic stone structures, and the [[Crown of Gondor]] being similar to the [[Wikipedia:Pschent|crown of the Pharaohs of Egypt]].<ref>{{L|211}}, p. 281</ref> Notably, some "scholars" claimed that ancient Egypt was a colony of [[Atlantis]],<ref>[[Wikipedia:Ignatius L. Donnelly|Ignatius L. Donnelly]], [http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/4032 Atlantis: The Antediluvian World] (1882), Part V, Chapter II: The Egyptian Colony</ref> much like how Gondor was a survival of Númenor (although it is unknown if Tolkien considered this aspect).<br />
===Byzantine Empire===<br />
In online discussions, many [[Tolkien fandom|Tolkien fans]] have entertained the idea that Gondor is comparable to the [[Wikipedia:Byzantine Empire|Byzantine Empire]],<ref>{{webcite|author=|articleurl=http://www.middleearthcenter.com/forums/showthread.php?t=21307|articlename=Gondor -> Byzantine Empire|dated=|website=[http://www.middleearthcenter.com/ Middle-earth Center]|accessed=22 September 2012}}</ref><ref>{{webcite|author=|articleurl=http://www.lotrplaza.com/forum/forum_posts.asp?TID=229914|articlename=Is Gondor Constantinople?|dated=|website=Plaza|accessed=22 September 2012}}</ref><ref>{{webcite|author=|articleurl=http://www.thephora.net/forum/showthread.php?t=12555|articlename=Gondor = Byzantium?|dated=|website=[http://www.thephora.net/forum/index.php The Phora]|accessed=22 September 2012}}</ref> and Tolkien himself referred to Minas Tirith as a "Byzantine City".<ref>{{HM|RC}}, p. 570</ref> Some of the parallels noted between Gondor and the Byzantine Empire are:<ref>Miryam Librán-Moreno, "'Byzantium, New Rome!': Goths, Langobards, and Byzantium in ''The Lord of the Rings''", in ''[[Tolkien and the Study of His Sources]]'' (edited by [[Jason Fisher]]</ref><ref>{{webcite|author=Tom Simon|articleurl=http://www.bondwine.com/essays/38/gondor.html|articlename=Gondor, Byzantium, and Feudalism|dated=13 March 2010|website=[http://www.bondwine.com/ Bondwine]|accessed=22 September 2012}}</ref><br />
<br />
Gondor is the south-eastern portion of [[Elendil]]'s original kingdom. The Byzantine Empire was the Eastern remnant of the Roman Empire. The [[Wikipedia:Western Roman Empire|Western Roman Empire]] eventually withered and dissolved, like [[Arnor]], while the Byzantine Empire endured, although in declined state. Their geographical role is also comparable as the Byzantine Empire encircled the Mediterranean while Gondor occupied the region around the [[Bay of Belfalas]]; both were threatened by [[Easterlings|eastern]] and [[Haradrim|southern]] adversaries. The Byzantine Empire absorbed several "barbaric" peoples like the Wends and Slavs, much like Gondor did with the [[Northmen]] and other [[Middle Men]]. <br />
<br />
As a final note, the last Byzantine Emperor, [[Wikipedia:Constantine_XI_Palaiologos#Legacy|Constantine XI]], remained in legend and folklore as the [[Wikipedia:King in the mountain|"Marble King"]] whose messianic ressurection and return would signal the restoration of the Empire. This parallels the fate of [[Earnur]] and Gondor's interregnum period until the "Return of the [[Aragorn|King]]" who [[Reunited Kingdom|restored the Kingdom]]. However unlike the Byzantine Empire, Gondor did not fall. Like Minas Tirith, the Byzantine capital Constantinople sat near a strategic waterway (the Anduin to the Bay of Tolfalas in the case of Minas Tirith, the Bosporus Strait in the case of Constantinople) and was protected by massive walls that were virtually impregnable until the rise of effective gunpowder weapons in the real-world 15th century.<br />
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{{FellowshipRoute}}<br />
[[Category:Gondor| ]]<br />
[[Category:Regions]]<br />
[[Category:Sindarin locations]]<br />
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<div>==Name?==<br />
As far as i'm concerned, this term does not come up in the canon, specifically the Silmarillion. "The meeting of the hosts of the West and of the North is named the Great Battle, and the War of Wrath." That's the quote where I think this term arose. Otherwise, I suggest we delete this page. Just a thought. Let me know what you guys think.--[[User:Kulid123|Kulid123]] 22:11, 21 June 2020 (UTC)</div>Kulid123https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Host_of_the_West_(disambiguation)&diff=315900Host of the West (disambiguation)2020-06-21T22:03:07Z<p>Kulid123: </p>
<hr />
<div>The '''Host of the West''' refers to several armies during the history of [[Middle-earth]]:<br />
*The [[Host of the Valar|Host of the West]], the great alliance that fought in the [[Great Battle]] at the end of the [[First Age]].<br />
*The [[Host of the West (Arnor)|Host of the West]], the allied army of [[Elves]], [[Gondor]], [[Arnor]] and [[Hobbits]] under [[Eärnur]] and [[Cirdan the Shipwright]] that fought in the [[Battle of Fornost]].<br />
*The [[Army of the West|Host of the West]], the allied forces of [[Gondor]], [[Rohan]], and the [[Grey Company]] during the [[War of the Ring]].<br />
{{disambig}}</div>Kulid123https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Host_of_the_West_(disambiguation)&diff=315899Host of the West (disambiguation)2020-06-21T22:02:50Z<p>Kulid123: </p>
<hr />
<div>The '''Host of the West''' refers to several armies during the history of [[Middle-earth]]:<br />
*The [[Host of the Valar|Host of the West]], the great alliance that fought in the [[Great Battle]] at the end of the [[First Age]].<br />
*The [[Host of the West (Arnor)|Host of the West]], the allied army of [[Elves]], [[Gondor]], [[Arnor]] and [[Hobbits]] under [[Eärnur]] and [[Cirdan the Shipwright]] that fought in the [[Battle of Fornost]].<br />
*The [[Host of the West|Army of the West]], the allied forces of [[Gondor]], [[Rohan]], and the [[Grey Company]] during the [[War of the Ring]].<br />
{{disambig}}</div>Kulid123https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Host_of_the_West_(disambiguation)&diff=315898Host of the West (disambiguation)2020-06-21T21:33:57Z<p>Kulid123: </p>
<hr />
<div>The '''Host of the West''' refers to several armies during the history of [[Middle-earth]]:<br />
*The [[Host of the Valar|Host of the West]], the great alliance that fought in the [[Great Battle]] at the end of the [[First Age]].<br />
*The [[Host of the West (Arnor)|Host of the West]], the allied army of [[Elves]], [[Gondor]], [[Arnor]] and [[Hobbits]] under [[Eärnur]] and [[Cirdan the Shipwright]] that fought in the [[Battle of Fornost]].<br />
*The [[Host of the West]], the allied forces of [[Gondor]], [[Rohan]], and the [[Grey Company]] during the [[War of the Ring]].<br />
{{disambig}}</div>Kulid123https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Arnor&diff=315897Arnor2020-06-21T21:16:17Z<p>Kulid123: /* Foundation */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{sources}}<br />
{{kingdom<br />
| image=<br />
| name=Arnor<br />
| pronun=<br />
| othernames=Kingdom of the North, The Lost Realm, The North-kingdom, The North-realm, The Northern Kingdom<br />
| location=Most of [[Eriador]]<br />
| capital=[[Annúminas]], later [[Fornost Erain]]<br />
| towns=[[Lond Daer]], [[Tharbad]], [[Bree]], [[Hobbiton]]<br />
| regions=[[Arthedain]], [[Cardolan]], [[Rhudaur]]<br />
| population=Primarily [[Men of Arnor]] (many [[Hobbits]] in [[the Shire]] and [[Bree-land]])<br />
| language=[[Westron]], [[Númenórean Sindarin]], [[Quenya]], [[Hobbitish]]<br />
| govern1=[[Kings of Arnor|King of Arnor]]/[[High King of the Dúnedain|High King]]<br />
| govern2=<br />
| govern3=<br />
| currency=<br />
| holiday=<br />
| precededby=[[Númenor]]<br />
| event1=Founded<br />
| event1date={{SA|3320}}<br />
| event2=Independence<br />
| event2date={{TA|2}}<br />
| event3=Divided<br />
| event3date={{TA|861}}<br />
| event4=Destroyed<br />
| event4date={{TA|1974}}<br />
| event5=Re-formed<br />
| event5date=[[1 May]], {{TA|3019}}<br />
| followedby=[[Reunited Kingdom]]<br />
}}<br />
{{Pronounce|Arnor.mp3|Ardamir}}<br />
<br />
'''Arnor''', or the '''North-kingdom''', was one of the two [[Kingdoms of the Dúnedain]] (the other being [[Gondor]] in the south) in the land of [[Eriador]] in [[Middle-earth]]. It was the original seat of the [[High King (Dúnedain)|High King]] who ruled over both Arnor and [[Gondor]].<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
<!--"Events" in Eriador infobox links here--><br />
===Second Age===<br />
==== Foundation ====<br />
[[File:Steven White Jr. - Ann18.jpg|left|220px|thumb|Steven White, Jr. - ''Palace Complex at Annúminas'']]<br />
After the [[Downfall of Númenor]], [[Elendil]] and his followers reached [[Eriador]] by sailing through the [[Gulf of Lune]] and into the lands of [[Lindon]]. There, he befriended the [[High King of the Noldor]] [[Gil-galad]].<ref name=rings>{{S|Rings}}</ref> [[Elendil]] founded Arnor at the end of the [[Second Age]] ({{SA|3320}}), while his sons founded the southern realm of [[Gondor]]. He established the city of [[Annúminas]] as his capital. Both kingdoms of the [[Númenóreans]] were known as the [[Realms in Exile|Realms in-Exile]], and their histories are intertwined.<br />
<br />
The [[Men of Arnor]] dwelt in many places in [[Eriador]] about the courses of the [[Lhûn]] and the [[Baranduin]]; but their chief city was at [[Annúminas]] beside Lake [[Nenuial]].<ref name=rings/> At [[Fornost]] upon the [[North Downs]] they also dwelt, and in [[Cardolan]], and in the hills of [[Rhudaur]]; and towers they raised upon [[Amon Sûl]].<ref name=rings/> Arnor was, from the beginnning of their history, always less powerful and populous than its southern counterpart, [[Gondor]], despite its presendence over it as the seat of the [[High King (Dúnedain)|High King]].<ref>{{PM|Atani}}</ref><br />
<br />
There, many already dwelt who were in whole or part of [[Númenorean]] blood who welcomed Elendil and his sons.<ref name=rings/><ref name=languages>{{App|Men}}</ref> In Arnor, these [[Men of Eriador]] accepted the new kingdom of [[Elendil]] and helped to people and maintain the many places that the Northern Dúnedain built.<ref name=rings/> When [[Elendil]] led his people into the south to battle against [[Sauron]], these [[Men of Eriador]] marched alongside the [[Dúnedain]].<ref name=rings/> The [[Men of Bree]] also became subjects of Arnor.<ref name=languages/><br />
<br />
==== War of the Last Alliance ====<br />
[[File:The Lord of the Rings - The Motion Picture Trilogy - Isildur 2.jpg|right|220px|thumb|''Isildur'' in Peter Jackson's ''Fellowship of the Ring'']]<br />
In {{SA|3430}}, Arnor allied itself with [[Gil-galad]] in a great alliance opposing Sauron, the [[Last Alliance of Elves and Men]]. In conjunction with southern forces from Gondor, they confronted Sauron's armies in the [[War of the Last Alliance]]. Both [[Elendil]], [[King of Arnor]], and his son [[Anárion]], joint [[King of Gondor]], were slain in this conflict, but [[Isildur]] cut the One Ring from Sauron's finger and prevailed. <br />
<br />
===Third Age===<br />
==== Decline and Breakup ====<br />
Isildur, the second [[High King (Dúnedain)|High King]], was killed in {{TA|2}} in the [[Disaster of the Gladden Fields]].<ref name=ta>{{App|TA}}</ref> His three eldest sons were killed with him, but the fourth and youngest, [[Valandil (King of Arnor)|Valandil]], who had remained at [[Rivendell]] due to his youth, became the first [[King of Arnor|King of an independent Arnor]] in {{TA|10}}.<ref name=ta/> [[Valandil (King of Arnor)|Valandil]], [[Isildur]]'s youngest son, took up his rule in [[Annúminas]], but his people were diminished, and of the [[Men of Arnor]] there remained now too few to people the land or maintain the places [[Elendil]] built; many of them had died in the [[War of the Last Alliance]] and at the [[Disaster of the Gladden Fields]].<ref name=rings/><br />
<br />
After the reign of [[Eärendur]] in {{TA|861}}, the seventh king that followed [[Valandil]], Arnor became divided into the petty realms and lordships of [[Arthedain]], [[Cardolan]], and [[Rhudaur]], owing to dissensions among his sons.<ref name=rings/><ref name=eriador>{{App|Eriador}}</ref><br />
<br />
==== Conflict with Angmar ====<br />
{{main|Angmar War}}<br />
[[File:Grant Gould - The Witch King.jpg|right|thumb|220px|Eliot Gould - ''The Witch King'']] <br />
There was often strife between the three kingdoms, usually over control of the [[Weather Hills]] and the [[palantíri|palantír]] of [[Amon Sûl]].<ref name=eriador/> Seeing the disunion in Arnor, Arnor's greatest enemy in the north by the middle of the Third Age was [[Angmar]], ruled by the [[Witch-king|Witch King of Angmar]].<ref name=eriador/> During the reign of Malvegil (c. {{TA|1300}}), this new power arose beyond the [[Ettenmoors]].<ref name=eriador/> The [[Witch-king]] was later identified as in fact the lord of [[Sauron|Sauron's]] [[Ringwraiths]].<ref name=eriador/> <br />
<br />
Years later, Arnor was refounded ''de jure'' by the seventh [[King of Arthedain]], [[Argeleb I]], when [[Cardolan]] placed itself under the suzerainty of [[Arthedain]] as the line of [[Isildur]] had failed in the other kingdoms.<ref name=eriador/> This claim was resisted in [[Rhudaur]], where the [[Dúnedain]] there were few, and a lord of the [[Hill-men]], whose allegiance lay with [[Angmar]] in secret, seized power.<ref name=eriador/> In response, Argeleb fortified the [[Weather Hills|hills]], but he was killed during battle with the two realms in {{TA|1356}}.<ref name="eriador"/> His son [[Arveleg I]], however, counterattacked in conjunction with [[Cardolan]] and [[Lindon]] and drove the enemy back. Arveleg successfully held the frontier along the Weather Hils in force for quite some years.<ref name=eriador/><br />
[[File:BFME2 - Weathertop.jpg|left|220px|thumb|''Weathertop'' from BFME2]] <br />
In {{TA|1409}}, Angmar crossed the Hoarwell river into Cardolan and attacked again. This time, Weathertop was captured and Arveleg fell in battle.<ref name=eriador/> While the [[Tower of Amon Sûl]] fell, the ''palantír'' was recovered and taken to [[Fornost]]. The Men of Arnor were defeated and [[Arveleg I]] as well as the last prince of [[Cardolan]] were slain.<ref name=eriador/> From that time onward, [[Rhudaur]] was occupied by evil Men subject to [[Angmar]], and the Northern Dúnedain that remained were slain of fled west.<ref name=eriador/> Although [[Cardolan]] was ravaged, a remnant of the faithful among the Dúnedain of Cardolan also held out in [[Tyrn Gorthad]] (the [[Barrow-downs]]), or took refuge in the [[Old Forest]].<ref name=eriador/> The Men of Arnor did not have the strength to drive away the forces of Angmar, so the [[Elves of Lindon]], forces of [[Rivendell]], and the [[Galadhrim]] defeated the armies of Angmar.<ref name=eriador/><br />
<br />
Although the northern parts of [[Arthedain]] were little affected, the remnants of the [[Men of Arnor]] were affected by the [[Great Plague]]; the joint garrison (of Arnor and Gondor) at [[Tharbad]] ceased to exist,<ref>{{UT|6d}}</ref> and the last of the Dúnedain of [[Cardolan]] died on the [[Barrow-downs]].<ref name=eriador/> <br />
[[File:Amir Salehi - Servant of Death.jpg|right|220px|thumb|Amir Salehi - ''Servant of Death'']]<br />
<br />
Suspecting that these attacks might be being coordinated by a single power, the two kingdoms finally brought to an end their years of estrangement.<ref name=gondor>{{App|Gondor}}</ref> In {{TA|1940}}, [[Arvedui]], heir to the [[Sceptre of Annúminas|Sceptre of Arnor]], wedded [[Fíriel]], the daughter of [[Ondoher]] [[King of Gondor]]. Soon, [[Ondoher]] was slain in battle and hoping to save Arnor from Angmar, Arvedui staked his claim to Gondor, by right of his descent from Elendil and by that of his wife.<ref name=gondor/> The [[Council of Gondor]], however, was not for reunification and chose the next King [[Eärnil II]]; he maintained good relations with Arnor, promising them aid against the continuing attacks of Angmar.<ref name=gondor/> Arvedui succeeded his father in {{TA|1964}}, but Arnor's strength was fast dwindling.<ref name=gondor/> In {{TA|1973}} he sent a message to [[Eärnil II]] that they were in great straits, and that Angmar was preparing its final assault.<ref name=gondor/> [[Eärnil II]], accordingly, mustered a great army under the command of his son [[Eärnur]] but it could not arrive in [[Lindon]] before [[Angmar]] struck.<ref name=gondor/><br />
<br />
In {{TA|1974}}, the [[Witch-king]], with his host from [[Angmar]], invaded [[Arthedain]] and captured [[Fornost Erain]], driving most of the Northern Dúnedain there over the [[Lune]],<ref name=eriador/> including the sons of [[Arvedui Last-king]],<ref name=eriador/> who later perished in a shipwreck. The remnants of Arnor later joined the great [[Host of the West (Arnor)|Host of the West]], lead by [[Cirdan|Cirdan the Shipwright]] and [[Eärnur]], [[Captain of Gondor]], in which, also with the help of [[Elves]] from [[Rivendell]] lead by [[Glorfindel]], overthrew [[Angmar]].<ref name=gondor/><br />
<br />
[[The Shire]] was a fertile and well-tilled part of Arnor, but deserted during the waning days of the Kingdom when it was known as the splinter-realm of [[Arthedain]]; it had been the hunting grounds of the [[King of Arnor]]. The [[Hobbits]] (who lived in [[Dunland]] and parts of depopulated [[Cardolan]] and [[Rhudaur]]) got official permission from King [[Argeleb II]] at [[Fornost]] to settle the lands. This was finally done in {{TA|1601}} by [[Bree-hobbits]] led by the brothers [[Marcho]] and [[Blanco]].<br />
<br />
By 30 years later, almost all of the [[Hobbits]] of Middle-earth could be found in [[the Shire]]. The [[Shire-hobbits]] considered themselves as subjects of the [[Kings of Arthedain|King]], at least nominally, considering the isolation of their country. Nevertheless, the [[Hobbits]] sent some support troops to the great battles Arnor fought against [[Angmar]].<ref name=eriador/> After the fall of Arnor, [[the Shire]] remained a minor but independent political unit and the title of [[Thain]] was established to fill the absence of a Kingship.<ref name=eriador/><br />
<br />
==== Chieftains of the Dúnedain ====<br />
{{main|Chieftains of the Dúnedain}}<br />
After the [[Angmar War]], all the people of Arnor were diminished.<ref name=eriador/> [[Aranarth]], son of [[Arvedui Last-king]], perceived that the Northern Dúnedain had become too few to reestablish the North-kingdom. Instead of calling himself a king or prince, he assumed the title [[Chieftains of the Dúnedain|Chieftain]]. Through them the royal line of Arnor was maintained successfully for a thousand years until the refounding of Arnor on [[1 May]], {{TA|3019}}. Aranarth brought his son, [[Arahael]], to [[Rivendell]] and gave him to [[Elrond]] for safekeeping until he was grown. This became a tradition that was followed through the rest of the Third Age. Also brought to Elrond were the heirlooms of the [[House of Isildur]]: the [[Sceptre of Annúminas]], the [[Ring of Barahir]], the shards of [[Narsil]], and the [[Star of Elendil]].<ref name=eriador/> Thus, the [[Dúnedain of the North]] were reduced to a few [[Ranger of the North|Rangers]] wandering secretly in the wild, and their heritage was forgotten, save in [[Imladris]], where the [[Heir of Isildur|Heirs of Isildur]] were harboured and their line, from father to son, remained unbroken.<ref name=rings/><ref name=eriador/><br />
<br />
===== War of the Ring =====<br />
Although the North-kingdom had been fallen for a thousand years by the time the [[War of the Ring]] broke out, northern forces did participate in the War. [[Aragorn|Aragorn II]], the [[Chieftain of the Dúnedain]] at the time, was a [[Rangers of the North|Ranger of the North]], and there were several hundred of them operating during the conflict. <br />
<br />
On [[22 September|September 22]] {{TA|3019}}, the [[Ringwraiths]] came to [[Sarn Ford]]. Although the [[Dúnedain]] [[Rangers of the North|Rangers]] were guarding the crossing, their chieftain [[Aragorn|Aragorn II]] was away and the [[Ringwraiths]] captured the ford, driving away many of the Rangers. [[Halbarad]], kinsman of [[Aragorn]], mustered 30 Northern Dúnedain (all that could be gathered in haste),<ref name="Grey">{{RK|V2}}</ref> and this [[Grey Company]] rode to the aid of [[Aragorn]] in [[Rohan]].<ref name="Grey"/> This group accompanied Aragorn through the [[Paths of the Dead]] and to the attack on [[Umbar]] which captured the Corsair fleet. They participated at the last battle, fighting under his banner, at the [[Battle of the Morannon]], where [[Sauron]] was finally thrown down.<br />
<br />
There was also a battle fought in [[the Shire]], between Saruman's [[Ruffians]] and [[Hobbits|Hobbit]] militia forces. This was the last battle fought in the [[War of the Ring]], and resulted in the death of Saruman and the death or capture of his followers. This became known as the [[Battle of Bywater]], and represents the Hobbit contribution to the War.<ref name="AppB4">{{App|B4}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Later History===<br />
==== Restoration of the North-kingdom ====<br />
[[File:Rowena Morrill - The Last Steward of Gondor.jpg|right|220px|thumb|Rowena Morrill - ''The Last Steward of Gondor'']]<br />
[[Aragorn|Aragorn II]] was crowned by [[Gandalf]] as [[Aragorn|King Elessar]], as refounded Arnor as part of the greater [[Reunited Kingdom]]. The Reunited Kingdom included all the lands of Arnor in the North; all of [[Eriador]], except the [[Lindon|regions]] beyond the [[Lune]], and the lands east of [[Greyflood]] and [[Loudwater]], in which lay [[Rivendell]] and [[Eregion]].<ref name="eriador"/> He rebuilt [[Annúminas]] and when he went north, would rule from there.<ref name="eriador"/> He also had the ruins of [[Fornost Erain]] rebuilt and made it a great city where Men dwelt once again.<ref name="Bound">{{RK|VI7}}</ref> [[The Shire]] was an exception to this, and though it lay within Arnor, Aragorn made a law that Men should not enter it, a law that he observed himself.<ref name="eriador"/><br />
<br />
==Politics==<br />
The [[Númenórean]] monarch of Arnor governed the realm and its people with the frame of ancient law, of which he was administrator (and interpreter) but not the maker.<ref name="politics">{{L|244}}</ref><br />
<br />
After his accession, [[Aragorn]] also established a council in Arnor, because in {{FoA|13}}, he chose three [[Counsellor of the North-kingdom|Counsellors of the North-kingdom]] from the people of [[the Shire]] and [[Buckland]].<ref name="AppBLater">{{App|B5}}</ref> These Counsellors were those appointed to the positions of the [[Thain]] and [[Mayor of the Shire]], and the [[Master of Buckland]].<ref name="AppBLater"/><br />
<br />
==Geography==<br />
=== Regions===<br />
Arnor included all of [[Eriador]] at its greatest, except the [[Lindon|regions]] beyond the [[Lune]], and the lands east of [[Greyflood]] and [[Loudwater]], in which lay [[Rivendell]] and [[Eregion]].<ref name="eriador"/><br />
<br />
* [[Arthedain]], the westernmost region of the North-kingdom bordering the [[Lune]]. <br />
* [[Cardolan]], the lands south of the [[East Road]], east of the [[Brandywine]].<br />
* [[Rhudaur]], the region between the [[Weather Hills]] and the [[Misty Mountains]].<br />
<br />
=== Cities, Fortresses, and Watchtowers===<br />
<br />
* [[Annúminas]], the old seat of the [[Kings of Arnor]] on the shore of [[Lake Evendim]]. <br />
* [[Fornost]], the later seat of the [[Kings of Arnor]] and [[Kings of Arthedain|Arthedain]] on the southern end of the [[North Downs]].<br />
* [[Bree]], an ancient township on the [[East Road]].<br />
* [[Lond Daer]], the [[Númenórean]] port on the [[Gwathló]].<br />
* [[Weathertop|Amon Sûl]], also called Weathertop, the highest of the [[Weather Hills]].<br />
* The [[White Towers]], the Elf-towers of [[Emyn Beraid]].<br />
* [[Tharbad]], the city at the crossings of [[Greyflood]].<br />
<br />
=== The Palantíri===<br />
{{main|Palantíri}}<br />
The [[Palantíri]] or 'seeing stones' were spherical stones that could communicate with each other and give visual impressions to a skilled remote user. [[Elendil]] and his two sons originally divided these stones between themselves. They were usually heavily guarded and under the control of the kings. There were seven of these stones in total. The northern kingdom possessed three, and the southern kingdom held the other four.<ref name=rings/>{{rp|362}} They were:<br />
<br />
* The [[Elostirion-stone]], kept in the tower of [[Elostirion]]. This was used to communicate with The Master Stone in [[Tol Eressëa]], the Lonely Isle of the Elves, along the [[Straight Road]]. It could not contact the other Middle-Earth stones.<br />
* The [[Amon Sûl-stone]], kept in the watchtower of [[Weathertop|Amon Sûl]]. The [[Amon Sûl-stone]] was a large stone, and the northern kings often used it to contact its corresponding large stone in Gondor, at the great dome of [[Osgiliath]].<br />
* The [[Annúminas-stone]], kept in Arnor's capital city of [[Annúminas]]. Though one of the lesser stones, it was the stone most often used by the [[Kings of Arnor]].<br />
<br />
==Languages==<br />
[[Westron]], or the Common Speech, was the native language of the people of Arnor.<ref name=lang>{{App|F1}}</ref> Among the [[Dúnedain]] however, including those of Arnor, the kings and high lords, and indeed all those of [[Númenorean]] blood in any degree, for long used [[Númenórean Sindarin]].<ref>{{PM|Languages}}</ref> [[Quenya]] was known to the learned of Arnor, a tradition which has continued from the loremasters of [[Númenor]], to be used for places of fame and reverence in addition to the names of royalty and men of great renown.<ref name=languages/> All the royal names of the [[Kings of Arnor]] were [[Quenya]] names.<ref name=North>{{App|North}}</ref> The [[Kings of Arthedain]] and later the [[Chieftain of the Dúnedain|Chieftains of the Dúnedain]], however, took [[Sindarin]] names.<ref name=North/><br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
{{Transcribed|Tengwar Arnor.png|Arnor|Tengwar, Sindarin mode}}<br />
'''''Arnor''''' was the colloquial name for the '''North-kingdom'''. The North-kingdom, as the land was called at its conception, was also known as ''Turmen Follondiéva'' in [[Quenya]] and ''Arthor na Forlonnas'' in [[Sindarin]]. These names quickly fell out of use, in favour of ''Arnor'': the ''Land of the King'', so called for the kingship of [[Elendil]], and to seal its precedence over the [[Gondor|southern realm]]. In full, poetic Sindarin, it was called ''Arannor'', which mirrored its Quenya name, '''''Arandórë'''''.<ref>{{PE|17}}, p. 28</ref> Though technically ''Arandórë'' would have a Sindarin form ''Ardor'', [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]] chose ''Arnor'' because it sounded better. This linguistic change was ascribed to a later, Mannish development of Sindarin.<ref name="L347">{{L|347}}</ref><ref>{{HM|RC}}, p. 17</ref> The form '''''Arnanórë''''' is also seen.<ref name="L347" /><br />
<br />
==Portrayal in adaptations==<br />
'''2002: {{tttee}}:'''<br />
:Peter Jackson's movies do not mention the long history of how Arnor and Gondor diverged, nor do they mention Arnor by name. The one passing reference to it is in a scene from the Extended Edition, when Aragorn reveals to Éowyn that he is actually eighty-seven years old. She realises that he must be one of the [[Dúnedain]], a descendant of Númenor blessed with long life, but says that she thought his race had passed into legend. Aragorn acknowledges that he is one of the Dúnedain, and explains that there are not many of his people left, because "the Northern kingdom was destroyed long ago".<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[Kings of Arnor]]<br />
* [[Kings of Gondor]]<br />
* [[Gondor]]<br />
* [[War of the Last Alliance]]<br />
* [[War of the Ring]]<br />
<br />
{{References}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Arnor| ]]<br />
[[Category:Eriador]]<br />
[[Category:Regions]]<br />
[[Category:Sindarin locations]]<br />
<br />
[[de:Arnor]]<br />
[[fi:Arnor]]<br />
[[fr:encyclo/geographie/royaumes/arnor]]</div>Kulid123https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Arnor&diff=315896Arnor2020-06-21T21:10:29Z<p>Kulid123: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{sources}}<br />
{{kingdom<br />
| image=<br />
| name=Arnor<br />
| pronun=<br />
| othernames=Kingdom of the North, The Lost Realm, The North-kingdom, The North-realm, The Northern Kingdom<br />
| location=Most of [[Eriador]]<br />
| capital=[[Annúminas]], later [[Fornost Erain]]<br />
| towns=[[Lond Daer]], [[Tharbad]], [[Bree]], [[Hobbiton]]<br />
| regions=[[Arthedain]], [[Cardolan]], [[Rhudaur]]<br />
| population=Primarily [[Men of Arnor]] (many [[Hobbits]] in [[the Shire]] and [[Bree-land]])<br />
| language=[[Westron]], [[Númenórean Sindarin]], [[Quenya]], [[Hobbitish]]<br />
| govern1=[[Kings of Arnor|King of Arnor]]/[[High King of the Dúnedain|High King]]<br />
| govern2=<br />
| govern3=<br />
| currency=<br />
| holiday=<br />
| precededby=[[Númenor]]<br />
| event1=Founded<br />
| event1date={{SA|3320}}<br />
| event2=Independence<br />
| event2date={{TA|2}}<br />
| event3=Divided<br />
| event3date={{TA|861}}<br />
| event4=Destroyed<br />
| event4date={{TA|1974}}<br />
| event5=Re-formed<br />
| event5date=[[1 May]], {{TA|3019}}<br />
| followedby=[[Reunited Kingdom]]<br />
}}<br />
{{Pronounce|Arnor.mp3|Ardamir}}<br />
<br />
'''Arnor''', or the '''North-kingdom''', was one of the two [[Kingdoms of the Dúnedain]] (the other being [[Gondor]] in the south) in the land of [[Eriador]] in [[Middle-earth]]. It was the original seat of the [[High King (Dúnedain)|High King]] who ruled over both Arnor and [[Gondor]].<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
<!--"Events" in Eriador infobox links here--><br />
===Second Age===<br />
==== Foundation ====<br />
[[File:Steven White Jr. - Ann18.jpg|left|220px|thumb|Steven White, Jr. - ''Palace Complex at Annúminas'']]<br />
Elendil and his people reached Eriador by sailing through the [[Gulf of Lune]] into the lands of [[Lindon]]. There, he befriended the [[High King of the Noldor]] [[Gil-galad]].<ref name=rings>{{S|Rings}}</ref> Elendil established the city of [[Annúminas]] as his capital. [[Elendil]] founded Arnor at the end of the [[Second Age]] ({{SA|3320}}), while his sons founded the southern realm of [[Gondor]]. Both kingdoms of the [[Númenóreans]] were known as the realms in Exile, and their history is intertwined.<br />
<br />
The [[Men of Arnor]] dwelt in many places in [[Eriador]] about the courses of the [[Lhûn]] and the [[Baranduin]]; but their chief city was at [[Annúminas]] beside Lake [[Nenuial]].<ref name=rings/> At [[Fornost]] upon the [[North Downs]] they also dwelt, and in [[Cardolan]], and in the hills of [[Rhudaur]]; and towers they raised upon [[Amon Sûl]].<ref name=rings/> Arnor was, from the beginnning of their history, always less powerful and populous than its southern counterpart, [[Gondor]], despite its presendence over it as the seat of the [[High King (Dúnedain)|High King]].<ref>{{PM|Atani}}</ref><br />
<br />
There, many already dwelt who were in whole or part of [[Númenorean]] blood who welcomed Elendil and his sons.<ref name=rings/><ref name=languages>{{App|Men}}</ref> In Arnor, these [[Men of Eriador]] accepted the new kingdom of [[Elendil]] and helped to people and maintain the many places that the Northern Dúnedain built.<ref name=rings/> When [[Elendil]] led his people into the south to battle against [[Sauron]], these [[Men of Eriador]] marched alongside the [[Dúnedain]].<ref name=rings/> The [[Men of Bree]] also became subjects of Arnor.<ref name=languages/><br />
<br />
==== War of the Last Alliance ====<br />
[[File:The Lord of the Rings - The Motion Picture Trilogy - Isildur 2.jpg|right|220px|thumb|''Isildur'' in Peter Jackson's ''Fellowship of the Ring'']]<br />
In {{SA|3430}}, Arnor allied itself with [[Gil-galad]] in a great alliance opposing Sauron, the [[Last Alliance of Elves and Men]]. In conjunction with southern forces from Gondor, they confronted Sauron's armies in the [[War of the Last Alliance]]. Both [[Elendil]], [[King of Arnor]], and his son [[Anárion]], joint [[King of Gondor]], were slain in this conflict, but [[Isildur]] cut the One Ring from Sauron's finger and prevailed. <br />
<br />
===Third Age===<br />
==== Decline and Breakup ====<br />
Isildur, the second [[High King (Dúnedain)|High King]], was killed in {{TA|2}} in the [[Disaster of the Gladden Fields]].<ref name=ta>{{App|TA}}</ref> His three eldest sons were killed with him, but the fourth and youngest, [[Valandil (King of Arnor)|Valandil]], who had remained at [[Rivendell]] due to his youth, became the first [[King of Arnor|King of an independent Arnor]] in {{TA|10}}.<ref name=ta/> [[Valandil (King of Arnor)|Valandil]], [[Isildur]]'s youngest son, took up his rule in [[Annúminas]], but his people were diminished, and of the [[Men of Arnor]] there remained now too few to people the land or maintain the places [[Elendil]] built; many of them had died in the [[War of the Last Alliance]] and at the [[Disaster of the Gladden Fields]].<ref name=rings/><br />
<br />
After the reign of [[Eärendur]] in {{TA|861}}, the seventh king that followed [[Valandil]], Arnor became divided into the petty realms and lordships of [[Arthedain]], [[Cardolan]], and [[Rhudaur]], owing to dissensions among his sons.<ref name=rings/><ref name=eriador>{{App|Eriador}}</ref><br />
<br />
==== Conflict with Angmar ====<br />
{{main|Angmar War}}<br />
[[File:Grant Gould - The Witch King.jpg|right|thumb|220px|Eliot Gould - ''The Witch King'']] <br />
There was often strife between the three kingdoms, usually over control of the [[Weather Hills]] and the [[palantíri|palantír]] of [[Amon Sûl]].<ref name=eriador/> Seeing the disunion in Arnor, Arnor's greatest enemy in the north by the middle of the Third Age was [[Angmar]], ruled by the [[Witch-king|Witch King of Angmar]].<ref name=eriador/> During the reign of Malvegil (c. {{TA|1300}}), this new power arose beyond the [[Ettenmoors]].<ref name=eriador/> The [[Witch-king]] was later identified as in fact the lord of [[Sauron|Sauron's]] [[Ringwraiths]].<ref name=eriador/> <br />
<br />
Years later, Arnor was refounded ''de jure'' by the seventh [[King of Arthedain]], [[Argeleb I]], when [[Cardolan]] placed itself under the suzerainty of [[Arthedain]] as the line of [[Isildur]] had failed in the other kingdoms.<ref name=eriador/> This claim was resisted in [[Rhudaur]], where the [[Dúnedain]] there were few, and a lord of the [[Hill-men]], whose allegiance lay with [[Angmar]] in secret, seized power.<ref name=eriador/> In response, Argeleb fortified the [[Weather Hills|hills]], but he was killed during battle with the two realms in {{TA|1356}}.<ref name="eriador"/> His son [[Arveleg I]], however, counterattacked in conjunction with [[Cardolan]] and [[Lindon]] and drove the enemy back. Arveleg successfully held the frontier along the Weather Hils in force for quite some years.<ref name=eriador/><br />
[[File:BFME2 - Weathertop.jpg|left|220px|thumb|''Weathertop'' from BFME2]] <br />
In {{TA|1409}}, Angmar crossed the Hoarwell river into Cardolan and attacked again. This time, Weathertop was captured and Arveleg fell in battle.<ref name=eriador/> While the [[Tower of Amon Sûl]] fell, the ''palantír'' was recovered and taken to [[Fornost]]. The Men of Arnor were defeated and [[Arveleg I]] as well as the last prince of [[Cardolan]] were slain.<ref name=eriador/> From that time onward, [[Rhudaur]] was occupied by evil Men subject to [[Angmar]], and the Northern Dúnedain that remained were slain of fled west.<ref name=eriador/> Although [[Cardolan]] was ravaged, a remnant of the faithful among the Dúnedain of Cardolan also held out in [[Tyrn Gorthad]] (the [[Barrow-downs]]), or took refuge in the [[Old Forest]].<ref name=eriador/> The Men of Arnor did not have the strength to drive away the forces of Angmar, so the [[Elves of Lindon]], forces of [[Rivendell]], and the [[Galadhrim]] defeated the armies of Angmar.<ref name=eriador/><br />
<br />
Although the northern parts of [[Arthedain]] were little affected, the remnants of the [[Men of Arnor]] were affected by the [[Great Plague]]; the joint garrison (of Arnor and Gondor) at [[Tharbad]] ceased to exist,<ref>{{UT|6d}}</ref> and the last of the Dúnedain of [[Cardolan]] died on the [[Barrow-downs]].<ref name=eriador/> <br />
[[File:Amir Salehi - Servant of Death.jpg|right|220px|thumb|Amir Salehi - ''Servant of Death'']]<br />
<br />
Suspecting that these attacks might be being coordinated by a single power, the two kingdoms finally brought to an end their years of estrangement.<ref name=gondor>{{App|Gondor}}</ref> In {{TA|1940}}, [[Arvedui]], heir to the [[Sceptre of Annúminas|Sceptre of Arnor]], wedded [[Fíriel]], the daughter of [[Ondoher]] [[King of Gondor]]. Soon, [[Ondoher]] was slain in battle and hoping to save Arnor from Angmar, Arvedui staked his claim to Gondor, by right of his descent from Elendil and by that of his wife.<ref name=gondor/> The [[Council of Gondor]], however, was not for reunification and chose the next King [[Eärnil II]]; he maintained good relations with Arnor, promising them aid against the continuing attacks of Angmar.<ref name=gondor/> Arvedui succeeded his father in {{TA|1964}}, but Arnor's strength was fast dwindling.<ref name=gondor/> In {{TA|1973}} he sent a message to [[Eärnil II]] that they were in great straits, and that Angmar was preparing its final assault.<ref name=gondor/> [[Eärnil II]], accordingly, mustered a great army under the command of his son [[Eärnur]] but it could not arrive in [[Lindon]] before [[Angmar]] struck.<ref name=gondor/><br />
<br />
In {{TA|1974}}, the [[Witch-king]], with his host from [[Angmar]], invaded [[Arthedain]] and captured [[Fornost Erain]], driving most of the Northern Dúnedain there over the [[Lune]],<ref name=eriador/> including the sons of [[Arvedui Last-king]],<ref name=eriador/> who later perished in a shipwreck. The remnants of Arnor later joined the great [[Host of the West (Arnor)|Host of the West]], lead by [[Cirdan|Cirdan the Shipwright]] and [[Eärnur]], [[Captain of Gondor]], in which, also with the help of [[Elves]] from [[Rivendell]] lead by [[Glorfindel]], overthrew [[Angmar]].<ref name=gondor/><br />
<br />
[[The Shire]] was a fertile and well-tilled part of Arnor, but deserted during the waning days of the Kingdom when it was known as the splinter-realm of [[Arthedain]]; it had been the hunting grounds of the [[King of Arnor]]. The [[Hobbits]] (who lived in [[Dunland]] and parts of depopulated [[Cardolan]] and [[Rhudaur]]) got official permission from King [[Argeleb II]] at [[Fornost]] to settle the lands. This was finally done in {{TA|1601}} by [[Bree-hobbits]] led by the brothers [[Marcho]] and [[Blanco]].<br />
<br />
By 30 years later, almost all of the [[Hobbits]] of Middle-earth could be found in [[the Shire]]. The [[Shire-hobbits]] considered themselves as subjects of the [[Kings of Arthedain|King]], at least nominally, considering the isolation of their country. Nevertheless, the [[Hobbits]] sent some support troops to the great battles Arnor fought against [[Angmar]].<ref name=eriador/> After the fall of Arnor, [[the Shire]] remained a minor but independent political unit and the title of [[Thain]] was established to fill the absence of a Kingship.<ref name=eriador/><br />
<br />
==== Chieftains of the Dúnedain ====<br />
{{main|Chieftains of the Dúnedain}}<br />
After the [[Angmar War]], all the people of Arnor were diminished.<ref name=eriador/> [[Aranarth]], son of [[Arvedui Last-king]], perceived that the Northern Dúnedain had become too few to reestablish the North-kingdom. Instead of calling himself a king or prince, he assumed the title [[Chieftains of the Dúnedain|Chieftain]]. Through them the royal line of Arnor was maintained successfully for a thousand years until the refounding of Arnor on [[1 May]], {{TA|3019}}. Aranarth brought his son, [[Arahael]], to [[Rivendell]] and gave him to [[Elrond]] for safekeeping until he was grown. This became a tradition that was followed through the rest of the Third Age. Also brought to Elrond were the heirlooms of the [[House of Isildur]]: the [[Sceptre of Annúminas]], the [[Ring of Barahir]], the shards of [[Narsil]], and the [[Star of Elendil]].<ref name=eriador/> Thus, the [[Dúnedain of the North]] were reduced to a few [[Ranger of the North|Rangers]] wandering secretly in the wild, and their heritage was forgotten, save in [[Imladris]], where the [[Heir of Isildur|Heirs of Isildur]] were harboured and their line, from father to son, remained unbroken.<ref name=rings/><ref name=eriador/><br />
<br />
===== War of the Ring =====<br />
Although the North-kingdom had been fallen for a thousand years by the time the [[War of the Ring]] broke out, northern forces did participate in the War. [[Aragorn|Aragorn II]], the [[Chieftain of the Dúnedain]] at the time, was a [[Rangers of the North|Ranger of the North]], and there were several hundred of them operating during the conflict. <br />
<br />
On [[22 September|September 22]] {{TA|3019}}, the [[Ringwraiths]] came to [[Sarn Ford]]. Although the [[Dúnedain]] [[Rangers of the North|Rangers]] were guarding the crossing, their chieftain [[Aragorn|Aragorn II]] was away and the [[Ringwraiths]] captured the ford, driving away many of the Rangers. [[Halbarad]], kinsman of [[Aragorn]], mustered 30 Northern Dúnedain (all that could be gathered in haste),<ref name="Grey">{{RK|V2}}</ref> and this [[Grey Company]] rode to the aid of [[Aragorn]] in [[Rohan]].<ref name="Grey"/> This group accompanied Aragorn through the [[Paths of the Dead]] and to the attack on [[Umbar]] which captured the Corsair fleet. They participated at the last battle, fighting under his banner, at the [[Battle of the Morannon]], where [[Sauron]] was finally thrown down.<br />
<br />
There was also a battle fought in [[the Shire]], between Saruman's [[Ruffians]] and [[Hobbits|Hobbit]] militia forces. This was the last battle fought in the [[War of the Ring]], and resulted in the death of Saruman and the death or capture of his followers. This became known as the [[Battle of Bywater]], and represents the Hobbit contribution to the War.<ref name="AppB4">{{App|B4}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Later History===<br />
==== Restoration of the North-kingdom ====<br />
[[File:Rowena Morrill - The Last Steward of Gondor.jpg|right|220px|thumb|Rowena Morrill - ''The Last Steward of Gondor'']]<br />
[[Aragorn|Aragorn II]] was crowned by [[Gandalf]] as [[Aragorn|King Elessar]], as refounded Arnor as part of the greater [[Reunited Kingdom]]. The Reunited Kingdom included all the lands of Arnor in the North; all of [[Eriador]], except the [[Lindon|regions]] beyond the [[Lune]], and the lands east of [[Greyflood]] and [[Loudwater]], in which lay [[Rivendell]] and [[Eregion]].<ref name="eriador"/> He rebuilt [[Annúminas]] and when he went north, would rule from there.<ref name="eriador"/> He also had the ruins of [[Fornost Erain]] rebuilt and made it a great city where Men dwelt once again.<ref name="Bound">{{RK|VI7}}</ref> [[The Shire]] was an exception to this, and though it lay within Arnor, Aragorn made a law that Men should not enter it, a law that he observed himself.<ref name="eriador"/><br />
<br />
==Politics==<br />
The [[Númenórean]] monarch of Arnor governed the realm and its people with the frame of ancient law, of which he was administrator (and interpreter) but not the maker.<ref name="politics">{{L|244}}</ref><br />
<br />
After his accession, [[Aragorn]] also established a council in Arnor, because in {{FoA|13}}, he chose three [[Counsellor of the North-kingdom|Counsellors of the North-kingdom]] from the people of [[the Shire]] and [[Buckland]].<ref name="AppBLater">{{App|B5}}</ref> These Counsellors were those appointed to the positions of the [[Thain]] and [[Mayor of the Shire]], and the [[Master of Buckland]].<ref name="AppBLater"/><br />
<br />
==Geography==<br />
=== Regions===<br />
Arnor included all of [[Eriador]] at its greatest, except the [[Lindon|regions]] beyond the [[Lune]], and the lands east of [[Greyflood]] and [[Loudwater]], in which lay [[Rivendell]] and [[Eregion]].<ref name="eriador"/><br />
<br />
* [[Arthedain]], the westernmost region of the North-kingdom bordering the [[Lune]]. <br />
* [[Cardolan]], the lands south of the [[East Road]], east of the [[Brandywine]].<br />
* [[Rhudaur]], the region between the [[Weather Hills]] and the [[Misty Mountains]].<br />
<br />
=== Cities, Fortresses, and Watchtowers===<br />
<br />
* [[Annúminas]], the old seat of the [[Kings of Arnor]] on the shore of [[Lake Evendim]]. <br />
* [[Fornost]], the later seat of the [[Kings of Arnor]] and [[Kings of Arthedain|Arthedain]] on the southern end of the [[North Downs]].<br />
* [[Bree]], an ancient township on the [[East Road]].<br />
* [[Lond Daer]], the [[Númenórean]] port on the [[Gwathló]].<br />
* [[Weathertop|Amon Sûl]], also called Weathertop, the highest of the [[Weather Hills]].<br />
* The [[White Towers]], the Elf-towers of [[Emyn Beraid]].<br />
* [[Tharbad]], the city at the crossings of [[Greyflood]].<br />
<br />
=== The Palantíri===<br />
{{main|Palantíri}}<br />
The [[Palantíri]] or 'seeing stones' were spherical stones that could communicate with each other and give visual impressions to a skilled remote user. [[Elendil]] and his two sons originally divided these stones between themselves. They were usually heavily guarded and under the control of the kings. There were seven of these stones in total. The northern kingdom possessed three, and the southern kingdom held the other four.<ref name=rings/>{{rp|362}} They were:<br />
<br />
* The [[Elostirion-stone]], kept in the tower of [[Elostirion]]. This was used to communicate with The Master Stone in [[Tol Eressëa]], the Lonely Isle of the Elves, along the [[Straight Road]]. It could not contact the other Middle-Earth stones.<br />
* The [[Amon Sûl-stone]], kept in the watchtower of [[Weathertop|Amon Sûl]]. The [[Amon Sûl-stone]] was a large stone, and the northern kings often used it to contact its corresponding large stone in Gondor, at the great dome of [[Osgiliath]].<br />
* The [[Annúminas-stone]], kept in Arnor's capital city of [[Annúminas]]. Though one of the lesser stones, it was the stone most often used by the [[Kings of Arnor]].<br />
<br />
==Languages==<br />
[[Westron]], or the Common Speech, was the native language of the people of Arnor.<ref name=lang>{{App|F1}}</ref> Among the [[Dúnedain]] however, including those of Arnor, the kings and high lords, and indeed all those of [[Númenorean]] blood in any degree, for long used [[Númenórean Sindarin]].<ref>{{PM|Languages}}</ref> [[Quenya]] was known to the learned of Arnor, a tradition which has continued from the loremasters of [[Númenor]], to be used for places of fame and reverence in addition to the names of royalty and men of great renown.<ref name=languages/> All the royal names of the [[Kings of Arnor]] were [[Quenya]] names.<ref name=North>{{App|North}}</ref> The [[Kings of Arthedain]] and later the [[Chieftain of the Dúnedain|Chieftains of the Dúnedain]], however, took [[Sindarin]] names.<ref name=North/><br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
{{Transcribed|Tengwar Arnor.png|Arnor|Tengwar, Sindarin mode}}<br />
'''''Arnor''''' was the colloquial name for the '''North-kingdom'''. The North-kingdom, as the land was called at its conception, was also known as ''Turmen Follondiéva'' in [[Quenya]] and ''Arthor na Forlonnas'' in [[Sindarin]]. These names quickly fell out of use, in favour of ''Arnor'': the ''Land of the King'', so called for the kingship of [[Elendil]], and to seal its precedence over the [[Gondor|southern realm]]. In full, poetic Sindarin, it was called ''Arannor'', which mirrored its Quenya name, '''''Arandórë'''''.<ref>{{PE|17}}, p. 28</ref> Though technically ''Arandórë'' would have a Sindarin form ''Ardor'', [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]] chose ''Arnor'' because it sounded better. This linguistic change was ascribed to a later, Mannish development of Sindarin.<ref name="L347">{{L|347}}</ref><ref>{{HM|RC}}, p. 17</ref> The form '''''Arnanórë''''' is also seen.<ref name="L347" /><br />
<br />
==Portrayal in adaptations==<br />
'''2002: {{tttee}}:'''<br />
:Peter Jackson's movies do not mention the long history of how Arnor and Gondor diverged, nor do they mention Arnor by name. The one passing reference to it is in a scene from the Extended Edition, when Aragorn reveals to Éowyn that he is actually eighty-seven years old. She realises that he must be one of the [[Dúnedain]], a descendant of Númenor blessed with long life, but says that she thought his race had passed into legend. Aragorn acknowledges that he is one of the Dúnedain, and explains that there are not many of his people left, because "the Northern kingdom was destroyed long ago".<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[Kings of Arnor]]<br />
* [[Kings of Gondor]]<br />
* [[Gondor]]<br />
* [[War of the Last Alliance]]<br />
* [[War of the Ring]]<br />
<br />
{{References}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Arnor| ]]<br />
[[Category:Eriador]]<br />
[[Category:Regions]]<br />
[[Category:Sindarin locations]]<br />
<br />
[[de:Arnor]]<br />
[[fi:Arnor]]<br />
[[fr:encyclo/geographie/royaumes/arnor]]</div>Kulid123https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Arnor&diff=315895Arnor2020-06-21T21:06:45Z<p>Kulid123: Cleaned up! Needs more work...</p>
<hr />
<div>{{sources}}<br />
{{kingdom<br />
| image=<br />
| name=Arnor<br />
| pronun=<br />
| othernames=Kingdom of the North, The Lost Realm, The North-kingdom, The North-realm, The Northern Kingdom<br />
| location=Most of [[Eriador]]<br />
| capital=[[Annúminas]], later [[Fornost Erain]]<br />
| towns=[[Lond Daer]], [[Tharbad]], [[Bree]], [[Hobbiton]]<br />
| regions=[[Arthedain]], [[Cardolan]], [[Rhudaur]]<br />
| population=Primarily [[Men of Arnor]] (many [[Hobbits]] in [[the Shire]] and [[Bree-land]])<br />
| language=[[Westron]], [[Númenórean Sindarin]], [[Quenya]], [[Hobbitish]]<br />
| govern1=[[Kings of Arnor|King of Arnor]]/[[High King of the Dúnedain|High King]]<br />
| govern2=<br />
| govern3=<br />
| currency=<br />
| holiday=<br />
| precededby=[[Númenor]]<br />
| event1=Founded<br />
| event1date={{SA|3320}}<br />
| event2=Divided<br />
| event2date={{TA|861}}<br />
| event3=Destroyed<br />
| event3date={{TA|1974}}<br />
| event4=Re-formed<br />
| event4date=[[1 May]], {{TA|3019}}<br />
| event5=<br />
| event5date=<br />
| followedby=[[Reunited Kingdom]]<br />
}}<br />
{{Pronounce|Arnor.mp3|Ardamir}}<br />
<br />
'''Arnor''', or the '''North-kingdom''', was one of the two [[Kingdoms of the Dúnedain]] (the other being [[Gondor]] in the south) in the land of [[Eriador]] in [[Middle-earth]]. It was the original seat of the [[High King (Dúnedain)|High King]] who ruled over both Arnor and [[Gondor]].<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
<!--"Events" in Eriador infobox links here--><br />
===Second Age===<br />
==== Foundation ====<br />
[[File:Steven White Jr. - Ann18.jpg|left|220px|thumb|Steven White, Jr. - ''Palace Complex at Annúminas'']]<br />
Elendil and his people reached Eriador by sailing through the [[Gulf of Lune]] into the lands of [[Lindon]]. There, he befriended the [[High King of the Noldor]] [[Gil-galad]].<ref name=rings>{{S|Rings}}</ref> Elendil established the city of [[Annúminas]] as his capital. [[Elendil]] founded Arnor at the end of the [[Second Age]] ({{SA|3320}}), while his sons founded the southern realm of [[Gondor]]. Both kingdoms of the [[Númenóreans]] were known as the realms in Exile, and their history is intertwined.<br />
<br />
The [[Men of Arnor]] dwelt in many places in [[Eriador]] about the courses of the [[Lhûn]] and the [[Baranduin]]; but their chief city was at [[Annúminas]] beside Lake [[Nenuial]].<ref name=rings/> At [[Fornost]] upon the [[North Downs]] they also dwelt, and in [[Cardolan]], and in the hills of [[Rhudaur]]; and towers they raised upon [[Amon Sûl]].<ref name=rings/> Arnor was, from the beginnning of their history, always less powerful and populous than its southern counterpart, [[Gondor]], despite its presendence over it as the seat of the [[High King (Dúnedain)|High King]].<ref>{{PM|Atani}}</ref><br />
<br />
There, many already dwelt who were in whole or part of [[Númenorean]] blood who welcomed Elendil and his sons.<ref name=rings/><ref name=languages>{{App|Men}}</ref> In Arnor, these [[Men of Eriador]] accepted the new kingdom of [[Elendil]] and helped to people and maintain the many places that the Northern Dúnedain built.<ref name=rings/> When [[Elendil]] led his people into the south to battle against [[Sauron]], these [[Men of Eriador]] marched alongside the [[Dúnedain]].<ref name=rings/> The [[Men of Bree]] also became subjects of Arnor.<ref name=languages/><br />
<br />
==== War of the Last Alliance ====<br />
[[File:The Lord of the Rings - The Motion Picture Trilogy - Isildur 2.jpg|right|220px|thumb|''Isildur'' in Peter Jackson's ''Fellowship of the Ring'']]<br />
In {{SA|3430}}, Arnor allied itself with [[Gil-galad]] in a great alliance opposing Sauron, the [[Last Alliance of Elves and Men]]. In conjunction with southern forces from Gondor, they confronted Sauron's armies in the [[War of the Last Alliance]]. Both [[Elendil]], [[King of Arnor]], and his son [[Anárion]], joint [[King of Gondor]], were slain in this conflict, but [[Isildur]] cut the One Ring from Sauron's finger and prevailed. <br />
<br />
===Third Age===<br />
==== Decline and Breakup ====<br />
Isildur, the second [[High King (Dúnedain)|High King]], was killed in {{TA|2}} in the [[Disaster of the Gladden Fields]].<ref name=ta>{{App|TA}}</ref> His three eldest sons were killed with him, but the fourth and youngest, [[Valandil (King of Arnor)|Valandil]], who had remained at [[Rivendell]] due to his youth, became the first [[King of Arnor|King of an independent Arnor]] in {{TA|10}}.<ref name=ta/> [[Valandil (King of Arnor)|Valandil]], [[Isildur]]'s youngest son, took up his rule in [[Annúminas]], but his people were diminished, and of the [[Men of Arnor]] there remained now too few to people the land or maintain the places [[Elendil]] built; many of them had died in the [[War of the Last Alliance]] and at the [[Disaster of the Gladden Fields]].<ref name=rings/><br />
<br />
After the reign of [[Eärendur]] in {{TA|861}}, the seventh king that followed [[Valandil]], Arnor became divided into the petty realms and lordships of [[Arthedain]], [[Cardolan]], and [[Rhudaur]], owing to dissensions among his sons.<ref name=rings/><ref name=eriador>{{App|Eriador}}</ref><br />
<br />
==== Conflict with Angmar ====<br />
{{main|Angmar War}}<br />
[[File:Grant Gould - The Witch King.jpg|right|thumb|220px|Eliot Gould - ''The Witch King'']] <br />
There was often strife between the three kingdoms, usually over control of the [[Weather Hills]] and the [[palantíri|palantír]] of [[Amon Sûl]].<ref name=eriador/> Seeing the disunion in Arnor, Arnor's greatest enemy in the north by the middle of the Third Age was [[Angmar]], ruled by the [[Witch-king|Witch King of Angmar]].<ref name=eriador/> During the reign of Malvegil (c. {{TA|1300}}), this new power arose beyond the [[Ettenmoors]].<ref name=eriador/> The [[Witch-king]] was later identified as in fact the lord of [[Sauron|Sauron's]] [[Ringwraiths]].<ref name=eriador/> <br />
<br />
Years later, Arnor was refounded ''de jure'' by the seventh [[King of Arthedain]], [[Argeleb I]], when [[Cardolan]] placed itself under the suzerainty of [[Arthedain]] as the line of [[Isildur]] had failed in the other kingdoms.<ref name=eriador/> This claim was resisted in [[Rhudaur]], where the [[Dúnedain]] there were few, and a lord of the [[Hill-men]], whose allegiance lay with [[Angmar]] in secret, seized power.<ref name=eriador/> In response, Argeleb fortified the [[Weather Hills|hills]], but he was killed during battle with the two realms in {{TA|1356}}.<ref name="eriador"/> His son [[Arveleg I]], however, counterattacked in conjunction with [[Cardolan]] and [[Lindon]] and drove the enemy back. Arveleg successfully held the frontier along the Weather Hils in force for quite some years.<ref name=eriador/><br />
[[File:BFME2 - Weathertop.jpg|left|220px|thumb|''Weathertop'' from BFME2]] <br />
In {{TA|1409}}, Angmar crossed the Hoarwell river into Cardolan and attacked again. This time, Weathertop was captured and Arveleg fell in battle.<ref name=eriador/> While the [[Tower of Amon Sûl]] fell, the ''palantír'' was recovered and taken to [[Fornost]]. The Men of Arnor were defeated and [[Arveleg I]] as well as the last prince of [[Cardolan]] were slain.<ref name=eriador/> From that time onward, [[Rhudaur]] was occupied by evil Men subject to [[Angmar]], and the Northern Dúnedain that remained were slain of fled west.<ref name=eriador/> Although [[Cardolan]] was ravaged, a remnant of the faithful among the Dúnedain of Cardolan also held out in [[Tyrn Gorthad]] (the [[Barrow-downs]]), or took refuge in the [[Old Forest]].<ref name=eriador/> The Men of Arnor did not have the strength to drive away the forces of Angmar, so the [[Elves of Lindon]], forces of [[Rivendell]], and the [[Galadhrim]] defeated the armies of Angmar.<ref name=eriador/><br />
<br />
Although the northern parts of [[Arthedain]] were little affected, the remnants of the [[Men of Arnor]] were affected by the [[Great Plague]]; the joint garrison (of Arnor and Gondor) at [[Tharbad]] ceased to exist,<ref>{{UT|6d}}</ref> and the last of the Dúnedain of [[Cardolan]] died on the [[Barrow-downs]].<ref name=eriador/> <br />
[[File:Amir Salehi - Servant of Death.jpg|right|220px|thumb|Amir Salehi - ''Servant of Death'']]<br />
<br />
Suspecting that these attacks might be being coordinated by a single power, the two kingdoms finally brought to an end their years of estrangement.<ref name=gondor>{{App|Gondor}}</ref> In {{TA|1940}}, [[Arvedui]], heir to the [[Sceptre of Annúminas|Sceptre of Arnor]], wedded [[Fíriel]], the daughter of [[Ondoher]] [[King of Gondor]]. Soon, [[Ondoher]] was slain in battle and hoping to save Arnor from Angmar, Arvedui staked his claim to Gondor, by right of his descent from Elendil and by that of his wife.<ref name=gondor/> The [[Council of Gondor]], however, was not for reunification and chose the next King [[Eärnil II]]; he maintained good relations with Arnor, promising them aid against the continuing attacks of Angmar.<ref name=gondor/> Arvedui succeeded his father in {{TA|1964}}, but Arnor's strength was fast dwindling.<ref name=gondor/> In {{TA|1973}} he sent a message to [[Eärnil II]] that they were in great straits, and that Angmar was preparing its final assault.<ref name=gondor/> [[Eärnil II]], accordingly, mustered a great army under the command of his son [[Eärnur]] but it could not arrive in [[Lindon]] before [[Angmar]] struck.<ref name=gondor/><br />
<br />
In {{TA|1974}}, the [[Witch-king]], with his host from [[Angmar]], invaded [[Arthedain]] and captured [[Fornost Erain]], driving most of the Northern Dúnedain there over the [[Lune]],<ref name=eriador/> including the sons of [[Arvedui Last-king]],<ref name=eriador/> who later perished in a shipwreck. The remnants of Arnor later joined the great [[Host of the West (Arnor)|Host of the West]], lead by [[Cirdan|Cirdan the Shipwright]] and [[Eärnur]], [[Captain of Gondor]], in which, also with the help of [[Elves]] from [[Rivendell]] lead by [[Glorfindel]], overthrew [[Angmar]].<ref name=gondor/><br />
<br />
[[The Shire]] was a fertile and well-tilled part of Arnor, but deserted during the waning days of the Kingdom when it was known as the splinter-realm of [[Arthedain]]; it had been the hunting grounds of the [[King of Arnor]]. The [[Hobbits]] (who lived in [[Dunland]] and parts of depopulated [[Cardolan]] and [[Rhudaur]]) got official permission from King [[Argeleb II]] at [[Fornost]] to settle the lands. This was finally done in {{TA|1601}} by [[Bree-hobbits]] led by the brothers [[Marcho]] and [[Blanco]].<br />
<br />
By 30 years later, almost all of the [[Hobbits]] of Middle-earth could be found in [[the Shire]]. The [[Shire-hobbits]] considered themselves as subjects of the [[Kings of Arthedain|King]], at least nominally, considering the isolation of their country. Nevertheless, the [[Hobbits]] sent some support troops to the great battles Arnor fought against [[Angmar]].<ref name=eriador/> After the fall of Arnor, [[the Shire]] remained a minor but independent political unit and the title of [[Thain]] was established to fill the absence of a Kingship.<ref name=eriador/><br />
<br />
==== Chieftains of the Dúnedain ====<br />
{{main|Chieftains of the Dúnedain}}<br />
After the [[Angmar War]], all the people of Arnor were diminished.<ref name=eriador/> [[Aranarth]], son of [[Arvedui Last-king]], perceived that the Northern Dúnedain had become too few to reestablish the North-kingdom. Instead of calling himself a king or prince, he assumed the title [[Chieftains of the Dúnedain|Chieftain]]. Through them the royal line of Arnor was maintained successfully for a thousand years until the refounding of Arnor on [[1 May]], {{TA|3019}}. Aranarth brought his son, [[Arahael]], to [[Rivendell]] and gave him to [[Elrond]] for safekeeping until he was grown. This became a tradition that was followed through the rest of the Third Age. Also brought to Elrond were the heirlooms of the [[House of Isildur]]: the [[Sceptre of Annúminas]], the [[Ring of Barahir]], the shards of [[Narsil]], and the [[Star of Elendil]].<ref name=eriador/> Thus, the [[Dúnedain of the North]] were reduced to a few [[Ranger of the North|Rangers]] wandering secretly in the wild, and their heritage was forgotten, save in [[Imladris]], where the [[Heir of Isildur|Heirs of Isildur]] were harboured and their line, from father to son, remained unbroken.<ref name=rings/><ref name=eriador/><br />
<br />
===== War of the Ring =====<br />
Although the North-kingdom had been fallen for a thousand years by the time the [[War of the Ring]] broke out, northern forces did participate in the War. [[Aragorn|Aragorn II]], the [[Chieftain of the Dúnedain]] at the time, was a [[Rangers of the North|Ranger of the North]], and there were several hundred of them operating during the conflict. <br />
<br />
On [[22 September|September 22]] {{TA|3019}}, the [[Ringwraiths]] came to [[Sarn Ford]]. Although the [[Dúnedain]] [[Rangers of the North|Rangers]] were guarding the crossing, their chieftain [[Aragorn|Aragorn II]] was away and the [[Ringwraiths]] captured the ford, driving away many of the Rangers. [[Halbarad]], kinsman of [[Aragorn]], mustered 30 Northern Dúnedain (all that could be gathered in haste),<ref name="Grey">{{RK|V2}}</ref> and this [[Grey Company]] rode to the aid of [[Aragorn]] in [[Rohan]].<ref name="Grey"/> This group accompanied Aragorn through the [[Paths of the Dead]] and to the attack on [[Umbar]] which captured the Corsair fleet. They participated at the last battle, fighting under his banner, at the [[Battle of the Morannon]], where [[Sauron]] was finally thrown down.<br />
<br />
There was also a battle fought in [[the Shire]], between Saruman's [[Ruffians]] and [[Hobbits|Hobbit]] militia forces. This was the last battle fought in the [[War of the Ring]], and resulted in the death of Saruman and the death or capture of his followers. This became known as the [[Battle of Bywater]], and represents the Hobbit contribution to the War.<ref name="AppB4">{{App|B4}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Later History===<br />
==== Restoration of the North-kingdom ====<br />
[[File:Rowena Morrill - The Last Steward of Gondor.jpg|right|220px|thumb|Rowena Morrill - ''The Last Steward of Gondor'']]<br />
[[Aragorn|Aragorn II]] was crowned by [[Gandalf]] as [[Aragorn|King Elessar]], as refounded Arnor as part of the greater [[Reunited Kingdom]]. The Reunited Kingdom included all the lands of Arnor in the North; all of [[Eriador]], except the [[Lindon|regions]] beyond the [[Lune]], and the lands east of [[Greyflood]] and [[Loudwater]], in which lay [[Rivendell]] and [[Eregion]].<ref name="eriador"/> He rebuilt [[Annúminas]] and when he went north, would rule from there.<ref name="eriador"/> He also had the ruins of [[Fornost Erain]] rebuilt and made it a great city where Men dwelt once again.<ref name="Bound">{{RK|VI7}}</ref> [[The Shire]] was an exception to this, and though it lay within Arnor, Aragorn made a law that Men should not enter it, a law that he observed himself.<ref name="eriador"/><br />
<br />
==Politics==<br />
The [[Númenórean]] monarch of Arnor governed the realm and its people with the frame of ancient law, of which he was administrator (and interpreter) but not the maker.<ref name="politics">{{L|244}}</ref><br />
<br />
After his accession, [[Aragorn]] also established a council in Arnor, because in {{FoA|13}}, he chose three [[Counsellor of the North-kingdom|Counsellors of the North-kingdom]] from the people of [[the Shire]] and [[Buckland]].<ref name="AppBLater">{{App|B5}}</ref> These Counsellors were those appointed to the positions of the [[Thain]] and [[Mayor of the Shire]], and the [[Master of Buckland]].<ref name="AppBLater"/><br />
<br />
==Geography==<br />
=== Regions===<br />
Arnor included all of [[Eriador]] at its greatest, except the [[Lindon|regions]] beyond the [[Lune]], and the lands east of [[Greyflood]] and [[Loudwater]], in which lay [[Rivendell]] and [[Eregion]].<ref name="eriador"/><br />
<br />
* [[Arthedain]], the westernmost region of the North-kingdom bordering the [[Lune]]. <br />
* [[Cardolan]], the lands south of the [[East Road]], east of the [[Brandywine]].<br />
* [[Rhudaur]], the region between the [[Weather Hills]] and the [[Misty Mountains]].<br />
<br />
=== Cities, Fortresses, and Watchtowers===<br />
<br />
* [[Annúminas]], the old seat of the [[Kings of Arnor]] on the shore of [[Lake Evendim]]. <br />
* [[Fornost]], the later seat of the [[Kings of Arnor]] and [[Kings of Arthedain|Arthedain]] on the southern end of the [[North Downs]].<br />
* [[Bree]], an ancient township on the [[East Road]].<br />
* [[Lond Daer]], the [[Númenórean]] port on the [[Gwathló]].<br />
* [[Weathertop|Amon Sûl]], also called Weathertop, the highest of the [[Weather Hills]].<br />
* The [[White Towers]], the Elf-towers of [[Emyn Beraid]].<br />
* [[Tharbad]], the city at the crossings of [[Greyflood]].<br />
<br />
=== The Palantíri===<br />
{{main|Palantíri}}<br />
The [[Palantíri]] or 'seeing stones' were spherical stones that could communicate with each other and give visual impressions to a skilled remote user. [[Elendil]] and his two sons originally divided these stones between themselves. They were usually heavily guarded and under the control of the kings. There were seven of these stones in total. The northern kingdom possessed three, and the southern kingdom held the other four.<ref name=rings/>{{rp|362}} They were:<br />
<br />
* The [[Elostirion-stone]], kept in the tower of [[Elostirion]]. This was used to communicate with The Master Stone in [[Tol Eressëa]], the Lonely Isle of the Elves, along the [[Straight Road]]. It could not contact the other Middle-Earth stones.<br />
* The [[Amon Sûl-stone]], kept in the watchtower of [[Weathertop|Amon Sûl]]. The [[Amon Sûl-stone]] was a large stone, and the northern kings often used it to contact its corresponding large stone in Gondor, at the great dome of [[Osgiliath]].<br />
* The [[Annúminas-stone]], kept in Arnor's capital city of [[Annúminas]]. Though one of the lesser stones, it was the stone most often used by the [[Kings of Arnor]].<br />
<br />
==Languages==<br />
[[Westron]], or the Common Speech, was the native language of the people of Arnor.<ref name=lang>{{App|F1}}</ref> Among the [[Dúnedain]] however, including those of Arnor, the kings and high lords, and indeed all those of [[Númenorean]] blood in any degree, for long used [[Númenórean Sindarin]].<ref>{{PM|Languages}}</ref> [[Quenya]] was known to the learned of Arnor, a tradition which has continued from the loremasters of [[Númenor]], to be used for places of fame and reverence in addition to the names of royalty and men of great renown.<ref name=languages/> All the royal names of the [[Kings of Arnor]] were [[Quenya]] names.<ref name=North>{{App|North}}</ref> The [[Kings of Arthedain]] and later the [[Chieftain of the Dúnedain|Chieftains of the Dúnedain]], however, took [[Sindarin]] names.<ref name=North/><br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
{{Transcribed|Tengwar Arnor.png|Arnor|Tengwar, Sindarin mode}}<br />
'''''Arnor''''' was the colloquial name for the '''North-kingdom'''. The North-kingdom, as the land was called at its conception, was also known as ''Turmen Follondiéva'' in [[Quenya]] and ''Arthor na Forlonnas'' in [[Sindarin]]. These names quickly fell out of use, in favour of ''Arnor'': the ''Land of the King'', so called for the kingship of [[Elendil]], and to seal its precedence over the [[Gondor|southern realm]]. In full, poetic Sindarin, it was called ''Arannor'', which mirrored its Quenya name, '''''Arandórë'''''.<ref>{{PE|17}}, p. 28</ref> Though technically ''Arandórë'' would have a Sindarin form ''Ardor'', [[J.R.R. Tolkien|Tolkien]] chose ''Arnor'' because it sounded better. This linguistic change was ascribed to a later, Mannish development of Sindarin.<ref name="L347">{{L|347}}</ref><ref>{{HM|RC}}, p. 17</ref> The form '''''Arnanórë''''' is also seen.<ref name="L347" /><br />
<br />
==Portrayal in adaptations==<br />
'''2002: {{tttee}}:'''<br />
:Peter Jackson's movies do not mention the long history of how Arnor and Gondor diverged, nor do they mention Arnor by name. The one passing reference to it is in a scene from the Extended Edition, when Aragorn reveals to Éowyn that he is actually eighty-seven years old. She realises that he must be one of the [[Dúnedain]], a descendant of Númenor blessed with long life, but says that she thought his race had passed into legend. Aragorn acknowledges that he is one of the Dúnedain, and explains that there are not many of his people left, because "the Northern kingdom was destroyed long ago".<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[Kings of Arnor]]<br />
* [[Kings of Gondor]]<br />
* [[Gondor]]<br />
* [[War of the Last Alliance]]<br />
* [[War of the Ring]]<br />
<br />
{{References}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Arnor| ]]<br />
[[Category:Eriador]]<br />
[[Category:Regions]]<br />
[[Category:Sindarin locations]]<br />
<br />
[[de:Arnor]]<br />
[[fi:Arnor]]<br />
[[fr:encyclo/geographie/royaumes/arnor]]</div>Kulid123https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Reunited_Kingdom&diff=315894Reunited Kingdom2020-06-21T20:32:57Z<p>Kulid123: /* Politics */</p>
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<div>{{Sources}}<br />
{{kingdom<br />
| image=[[File:Sage - Reunited Kingdom.png|250px]]<br />
| name=Reunited Kingdom<br />
| pronun=<br />
| othernames=Two Kingdoms<br />
| location=Historically, [[Arnor]] and [[Gondor]] at their greatest extents<ref name="Appendix A">{{App|Mark}}</ref><br />
| capital=[[Annúminas]] ([[Arnor]])<br>[[Minas Tirith]] ([[Gondor]])<ref name="Elendil">{{PM|Elendil}}</ref><br />
| towns='''Arnor'''<br>[[Bree]], [[Bywater]], [[Fornost Erain]], [[Hobbiton]], [[Michel Delving]], [[Tuckborough]]<br>'''Gondor'''<br>[[Calembel]], [[Dol Amroth]], [[Erech]], [[Linhir]], [[Pelargir]], [[Umbar]]<br />
| regions='''Arnor'''<br>[[Arthedain]], [[Cardolan]], [[Rhudaur]]<br>'''Gondor'''<br>[[Anfalas]], [[Anórien]], [[Belfalas]], [[Dorwinion]], [[Enedwaith]] (shared with [[Arnor]]), [[Ithilien]], [[Lamedon]], [[Lebennin]], [[Lossarnach]], [[South Gondor]]<br />
| population=Primarily [[Men]] (many [[Hobbits]] in [[the Shire]] and [[Bree-land]])<br />
| language=[[Westron]], [[Númenórean Sindarin]], [[Quenya]], [[Hobbitish]]<br />
| govern1=[[High King (Dúnedain)|High King]]<br />
| govern2=[[Council of Gondor]]<ref>{{L|244}}</ref><br />
| govern3=<br />
| currency=[[tharni]], [[castar]]<ref>{{PM|Languages}}</ref><br />
| holiday=[[Cormarë]] <br />
| precededby=[[Arnor]], [[Gondor]]<br />
| event1=Established<br />
| event1date=[[1 May]], {{TA|3019}}<br />
| event2=<br />
| event2date=<br />
| event3=<br />
| event3date=<br />
| event4=<br />
| event4date=<br />
| event5=<br />
| event5date=<br />
| followedby=<br />
}}<br />
The '''Reunited Kingdom''' (also called the '''Two Kingdoms'''<ref>{{VT|42a}}, p. 6</ref>) was the restored kingdom of [[Arnor]] and [[Gondor]], the twin kingdoms founded at the end of the [[Second Age]] by [[Elendil]] and his sons [[Isildur]] and [[Anárion]]. In the beginning, Elendil was [[High King of the Dúnedain|High King]] of both realms, but the two were divided after the deaths of his sons. Over 3,000 years later [[Aragorn|Aragorn Elessar]] reunited the kingdoms and ruled as [[High King of the Dúnedain|High King]] of the Reunited Kingdom.<br />
<br />
The fate of the kingdoms, especially that of Gondor, would come to dominate the history of the [[Third Age]].<br />
<br />
==Geography==<br />
During Aragorn's reign, the Reunited Kingdom expanded to retake all territories that had originally belonged to both [[Arnor]] and [[Gondor]] at their greatest extents, excluding only [[Rohan]] (the [[Oath of Eorl|grant]] of which he renewed), and [[the Shire]], the [[Drúadan Forest]], and [[Fangorn Forest]] (which became protectorates), under the protection of the [[Sceptre of Annúminas|Sceptre]].<ref name="Appendix A"/><br />
<br />
The Reunited Kingdom included all the lands of [[Arnor]]; all of [[Eriador]], except the [[Lindon|regions]] beyond the [[Lune]], and the lands east of [[Greyflood]] and [[Loudwater]], in which lay [[Rivendell]] and [[Eregion]].<ref name="Eriador">{{App|Eriador}}</ref><br />
<br />
In [[Gondor]], the realm extended:<ref name="AppGondor">{{App|Gondor}}</ref><br />
<br />
* North to the [[Field of Celebrant]] and the southern eaves of [[Mirkwood]]<ref name="AppGondor"/><br />
* West to the [[Greyflood]]<ref name="AppGondor"/><br />
* East to the inland [[Sea of Rhûn]]<ref name="AppGondor"/><br />
* South to the [[River Harnen]], and also along the coast to the peninsula and haven of [[Umbar]]<ref name="AppGondor"/><br />
<br />
==Politics==<br />
The [[Númenórean]] [[High King (Dúnedain)|High King]] governed the realm with the frame of ancient law, of which he was administrator (and interpreter) but not the maker.<ref name="politics">{{L|244}}</ref> <br />
<br />
In all debatable matters of importance domestic, or external, however, even [[Denethor II|Denethor]] had a [[Council of Gondor|Council]], and at least listened to what the Lords of the Fiefs and the Captains of the Forces had to say.<ref name="politics"/> [[Aragorn]] re-established the [[Council of Gondor|Great Council of Gondor]], and in that [[Faramir]], who remained by inheritance the [[Steward]] (or representative of the King during his absence abroad, or sickness, or between his death and the accession of his heir) was his chief counsellor.<ref name="politics"/><br />
<br />
After his accession, [[Aragorn]] established a council in [[Arnor]], because in {{FoA|13}}, he chose three [[Counsellor of the North-kingdom|Counsellors of the North-kingdom]] from the people of [[the Shire]] and [[Buckland]].<ref name="AppBLater">{{App|B5}}</ref> These Counsellors were those appointed to the positions of the [[Thain]] and [[Mayor of the Shire]], and the [[Master of Buckland]].<ref name="AppBLater"/><br />
<br />
==History==<br />
===Background===<br />
At the end of the [[Second Age]], [[Elendil]] and his sons established two great kingdoms in [[Middle-earth]]: [[Arnor]] in the north and [[Gondor]] in the south. These Kingdoms of the [[Dúnedain]] were united under a single [[High King of the Dúnedain|High King]], Elendil himself, who ruled the [[Arnor|North-kingdom]] while his sons reigned jointly over the South-kingdom of [[Gondor]].<ref name=rings>{{s|Rings}}</ref><br />
<br />
In the first years of the [[Third Age]], this union failed. After the loss of [[Isildur]] at the [[Disaster of the Gladden Fields]], his nephew [[Meneldil]] took up the kingship of Gondor, and that country remained independent from the North-kingdom through most of the Third Age. <br />
<br />
===Dissolutions===<br />
In the north, the realm of Arnor fell into troubled times. It broke into three separate kingdoms, and in time these too were lost, so that the Dúnedain of the North-kingdom of Elendil were reduced to a wandering people led by a [[Chieftains of the Dúnedain|Chieftain]]. Nonetheless, they were able to maintain Isildur's line in unbroken descent.<ref name=rings/><br />
<br />
However, the line of [[King of Gondor|Kings]] failed in Gondor; [[Eärnur]] was lost without heirs. Its rule was taken up by the [[Stewards]].<ref name=rings/> <br />
<br />
There were two attempts to reunite the kingdoms, but only the second of these was successful. The first of these occurred in {{TA|1944}} when [[Arvedui]], [[King of Arthedain]], claimed the High Kingship of the Two Kingdoms. His claim was rejected by Steward [[Pelendur]] and the [[Council of Gondor]], who elected to maintain their independence.<ref name="AppGondor"/><br />
<br />
===Reunification===<br />
====Reign of Elessar====<br />
More than a thousand years later, after the [[War of the Ring]], Arvedui's direct descendant, [[Aragorn]], came forward to make the same claim. This time, the people of Gondor accepted a [[High King of the Dúnedain|High King]], and the Two Kingdoms were restored and reunited at last. <br />
<br />
[[Aragorn]] restored [[Gondor]] and repeopled it, but retained [[Minas Tirith]] as the chief city.<ref name="Elendil"/> He rebuilt [[Annúminas]] and when he went north, would rule from there.<ref name="Eriador"/> He also had the ruins of [[Fornost Erain]] rebuilt and made it a great city where Men dwelt once again.<ref name="Bound">{{RK|VI7}}</ref> [[The Shire]] was an exception to this, and though it lay within the Reunited Kingdom, Aragorn made a law that Men should not enter it, a law that he observed himself.<ref name="Eriador"/><br />
<br />
During his reign, he, alongside [[King of Rohan|King]] [[Éomer]], led military campaigns beyond the [[Sea of Rhûn]] and on the far fields of the [[South]].<ref name="Appendix A">{{App|Mark}}</ref> As a result, he was able to re-establish his dominance in places which [[Gondor]] initially held at the height of its power. The threat of the [[Corsairs of Umbar|Corsairs]] was finally completely subdued during his reign and [[Umbar]] was finally re-taken.<ref name="AppGondor"/> He also made peace with the [[Haradrim]] after his coronation.<ref name="RK-StewardKing">{{RK|VI5}}</ref><br />
<br />
====Later History====<br />
After Aragorn's death in {{FoA|120}},<ref name="Tale">{{App|Tale}}</ref> his son [[Eldarion]] took up the High Kingship.<ref name="Tale"/> One hundred years into his reign, he encountered a renewal of [[Morgoth]]-worship known as the "[[Dark Tree]]".<ref>{{PM|Shadow}}</ref> In a 1972 letter concerning ''[[The New Shadow]]'', Tolkien mentioned that Eldarion's reign would have lasted for about 100 years after the death of Aragorn.<ref name="L338">{{L|338}}</ref> <br />
<br />
Of [[Eldarion]], it was foretold that he should rule a great realm, and that it should endure for a hundred generations of [[Men]] after him, that is until a new age brought in again new things; and from him should come the kings of many realms in long days after.<ref name="Elendil"/> But if this foretelling spoke truly, none now can say, for [[Gondor]] and [[Arnor]] are no more; and even the chronicles of the [[House of Telcontar|House of Elessar]] and all their deeds and glory are lost.<ref name="Elendil"/> <br />
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{{references}}<br />
[[category:Gondor]]<br />
[[category:Arnor]]<br />
[[Category:Mannish realms]]<br />
<br />
[[de:Wiedervereinigtes Königreich]]<br />
[[fr:encyclo/geographie/royaumes/royaume_reunifie]]<br />
[[fi:Jällen yhdistetty Valtakunta]]</div>Kulid123https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Exiles_of_N%C3%BAmenor&diff=315884Exiles of Númenor2020-06-21T15:43:22Z<p>Kulid123: </p>
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<div>{{expansion}}<br />
{{stub}}<br />
{{sources}}<br />
'''Exiles of Númenor''' was a name given to [[Elendil]], his sons and his followers after they escaped to [[Middle-earth]] from the destruction of [[Númenor]].<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Exiles of Numenor}}<br />
[[Category:Dúnedain]]<br />
[[Category:Mannish Titles]]</div>Kulid123https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Talk:Fall_of_Dol_Guldur&diff=315883Talk:Fall of Dol Guldur2020-06-21T15:32:33Z<p>Kulid123: </p>
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<div>==Rename==<br />
Accept this term isn't used in ''The Lord of the Rings'', but in Appendix B it is described as "destruction of Dol Guldur", so I propose moving this article to that. --{{User:Mith/sig}} 21:27, 15 June 2020 (UTC)<br />
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:Personally, I prefer it as it is now (same goes to Amon Sul). [[User:Gaetano|Gaetano]] 23:29, 20 June 2020 (UTC)<br />
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::I agree with the rename, although we could use the "Fall of..." naming for other destructions that aren't named. [[User:Sage|Sage]] 09:59, 21 June 2020 (UTC)<br />
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:::I agree with the rename as well. Also, for battles with such little information, such as this one, is an infobox really necessary? Because all the information in the infobox would already be in the article rendering the infobox useless in a battle with little information. Just a thought.--[[User:Kulid123|Kulid123]] 15:32, 21 June 2020 (UTC)</div>Kulid123https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Talk:Dale_(Kingdom)&diff=315849Talk:Dale (Kingdom)2020-06-21T03:44:42Z<p>Kulid123: </p>
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<div>==Merge?==<br />
<br />
Should this page and the other Dale page be merged? I feel like it'll serve a better purpose as being 1 page with all the information in one page. Besides, the location is always refeered to as being just "Dale" and never the "Kingdom of Dale". The only difference is that earlier they were ruled by the "Lord of Dale" and later the "King of Dale". What do y'all think?--[[User:Kulid123|Kulid123]] 18:05, 10 June 2020 (UTC)<br />
<br />
:I have to admit I am inclined to agree. --{{User:Mith/sig}}<br />
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::That's good. I'll get right to it.--[[User:Kulid123|Kulid123]] 19:48, 20 June 2020 (UTC)<br />
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:::Well, let's see if anyone else has a contrary opinion first. There's no rush. --{{User:Mith/sig}} 19:56, 20 June 2020 (UTC)<br />
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::::Oh damn, I already did it. If you wanna undo it go ahead. My bad. Only saw this after.--[[User:Kulid123|Kulid123]] 21:23, 20 June 2020 (UTC)<br />
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:The way I see it, I don't think it should be merged because both articles have different purposes as it says in the disambiguation on the top one talks about the city and one talks about the political entity. I see it like Venice and Republic of Venice if that makes sense. [[User:Gaetano|Gaetano]] 00:46, 21 June 2020 (UTC)<br />
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::Right...but the thing is, it never existed as a kingdom; its rulers merely ruled over one political entity with two different titles. Besides, the histories of both articles were anyways identical. It is reduntant to keep both. All the political history is anyways included on that article. Also, the cultural history should be in the article for the "Men of Dale". Just a thought.--[[User:Kulid123|Kulid123]] 03:44, 21 June 2020 (UTC)</div>Kulid123https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Eldar_of_Eress%C3%ABa&diff=315839Eldar of Eressëa2020-06-20T21:24:40Z<p>Kulid123: Redirected page to Elves of Eressëa</p>
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<div>#REDIRECT [[Elves of Eressëa]]</div>Kulid123https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Talk:Dale_(Kingdom)&diff=315838Talk:Dale (Kingdom)2020-06-20T21:23:05Z<p>Kulid123: /* Merge? */ Whoops</p>
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<div>==Merge?==<br />
<br />
Should this page and the other Dale page be merged? I feel like it'll serve a better purpose as being 1 page with all the information in one page. Besides, the location is always refeered to as being just "Dale" and never the "Kingdom of Dale". The only difference is that earlier they were ruled by the "Lord of Dale" and later the "King of Dale". What do y'all think?--[[User:Kulid123|Kulid123]] 18:05, 10 June 2020 (UTC)<br />
<br />
:I have to admit I am inclined to agree. --{{User:Mith/sig}}<br />
<br />
::That's good. I'll get right to it.--[[User:Kulid123|Kulid123]] 19:48, 20 June 2020 (UTC)<br />
<br />
:::Well, let's see if anyone else has a contrary opinion first. There's no rush. --{{User:Mith/sig}} 19:56, 20 June 2020 (UTC)<br />
<br />
::::Oh damn, I already did it. If you wanna undo it go ahead. My bad. Only saw this after.--[[User:Kulid123|Kulid123]] 21:23, 20 June 2020 (UTC)</div>Kulid123https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Dale&diff=315837Dale2020-06-20T20:58:26Z<p>Kulid123: I merged the two</p>
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<div>{{kingdom<br />
| image=[[File:Matěj Čadil - Dale.jpg|250px]]<br />
| name=Dale<br />
| pronun=<br />
| othernames=<br />
| location=Between [[Erebor]] and [[Carnen]]; later extended far south and east of [[Lake-town]]<ref name="Meetings">{{FR|II1}}</ref><ref name=great>{{App|Great}}</ref><br />
| capital=Dale<br />
| towns=Later: [[Lake-town]]<ref name="Meetings">{{FR|II1}}</ref><ref name=great/><br />
| regions=<br />
| population=[[Men of Dale]]<br />
| language=[[Language of Dale]], [[Westron]]<br />
| govern1=[[Lord of Dale]]<br />
| govern2=Later the [[King of Dale]]<br />
| govern3=<br />
| currency=<br />
| holiday=<br />
| precededby=<br />
| event1=Founded<br />
| event1date=Soon after {{TA|2590}}<br/>''[[#In Other Versions of the Legendarium|See below]]''<br />
| event2=Destroyed<br />
| event2date={{TA|2770}}<br />
| event3=Re-founded<br />
| event3date={{TA|2944}}<br />
| event4=<br />
| event4date=<br />
| event5=<br />
| event5date=<br />
| followedby=<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Dale''' was the great township and city-state of the [[Northmen]] beneath the [[Lonely Mountain]].<br />
<br />
It was known as a merry town that traded, mainly in food-supplies, for the skills and craft-pieces of the [[Dwarves of Erebor|Dwarves]]. Dale's toy market was the wonder of the North<ref name="Party">{{H|Party}}</ref> and the town was renowned for its bells.<ref>{{H|Doorstep}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Geography==<br />
Dale was situated in the valley between the south-western and south-eastern arms of the [[Lonely Mountain]], nestled in a sharp U-shaped bend of the [[River Running]].<ref>{{H|Thror}}</ref> When it was re-founded the township consisted of the city of Dale and the valley of the [[River Running]] before the [[Front Gate|gates]] of the [[Lonely Mountain]].<ref>{{H|Stage}}</ref> By the time of the [[War of the Ring]], its boundaries and influence extended far south and east of [[Lake-town]],<ref name="Meetings">{{FR|II1}}</ref> all the way to the River [[Carnen]].<ref name=great/><br />
<br />
==History==<br />
===Early History===<br />
====Foundation====<br />
[[File:Angus McBride - Dale.jpg|thumb|left|[[Angus McBride]] - ''Dale'']]<br />
In {{TA|2590}}, King [[Thrór]] re-established the [[Kingdom under the Mountain]].<ref name="TA">{{App|TA}}</ref> The realm prospered and [[Northmen]] living to the south came up the River Running and built Dale.<ref name="Party"/> The town shared in the prosperity of the Dwarves and was governed by the [[Lord of Dale]], of whom the last was named [[Girion]].<ref>{{H|Fire}}</ref><br />
<br />
====Destruction====<br />
In {{TA|2770}}, [[Smaug]] descended upon the Dwarf-kingdom.<ref name="TA"/> Although the [[Men of Dale]] fielded warriors against the dragon, they could not prevent him from killing or scattering the Dwarves and then occupying the Lonely Mountain. After the attack, the dragon would crawl out of the [[Front Gate]] of the Mountain by night and ravage the city, carrying away people (especially maidens) from Dale to eat.<ref name="Party"/> The remaining population soon fled and the deserted city fell into ruin.<ref name="Party"/><br />
<br />
===Re-establishment=== <br />
Three years after the death of [[Smaug]] and the [[Battle of Five Armies]], Dale was rebuilt in {{TA|2944}} by [[Bard|Bard the Bowman]],<ref name="TA"/> who had killed the dragon and was the descendant of [[Girion]]. Dale soon again enjoyed prosperity; [[Bard]] re-founded Dale as its first [[King of Dale|King]] and gathered men from the [[Long Lake]], the South, and the West. [[Lake-town]] was rebuilt and grew wealthy from traffic with Dale.<ref>{{H|Stage}}</ref> Its people became known as [[Bardings]], after their new ruler.<ref name="TA"/><br />
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====War of the Ring====<br />
[[File:Jan Pospisil - Dale units vs. Rhun.jpg|right|thumb|Jan Pospisil - ''The Battle of Dale'']]<br />
During the reign of King [[Brand]], the grandson of [[Bard the Bowman]], Dale served as the capital for the lands he ruled, which extended far south and east of [[Lake-town]].<ref>{{FR|II1}}</ref> However, as [[Glóin]] revealed at the [[Council of Elrond]], in {{TA|3017}} a messenger from [[Mordor]] came to ask King [[Dáin Ironfoot]] at the gate to the Lonely Mountain for news of [[Hobbits]] and to ask for [[Bilbo Baggins|Bilbo's]] [[The One Ring|ring]]. Messengers had also spoken to King [[Brand]] and he was afraid,for the [[Sauron]]'s forces began gathering beyond the [[Carnen]].<ref>{{FR|II2}}</ref><br />
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During the [[War of the Ring]], [[Easterlings]] crossed the border and moved to attack the city. On [[17 March]] {{TA|3019}} the [[Battle of Dale]] began.<ref name=great/> Not able to hold back the [[Easterlings]], the [[Bardings]] and their allies, the [[Dwarves of Erebor]], retreated into the [[Lonely Mountain]], but lost Kings Brand and Dáin Ironfoot who were both slain at the [[Gate of Erebor]].<ref name=great/> For seven days, the Men and Dwarves barricaded themselves in [[Erebor]] until news came from the south of the defeat of [[Sauron]].<ref name=great/> The heirs to the kings of Dale and Erebor, [[Bard II]] and [[Thorin Stonehelm|Thorin III Stonehelm]], broke the siege and routed the remnants of the [[Easterlings]] and soon after, [[Bard II]] was crowned [[King of Dale]].<ref name=great/> <br />
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===Later History===<br />
After the [[Battle of Dale]], the [[Easterlings]] did not trouble Dale in the future.<ref name=great/> King Bard II also sent an ambassador to the crowning of King [[Aragorn|Elessar]].<ref name=great/> Dale remained independent but in friendship with [[Gondor]] and under the protection and crown of the [[King of the West]].<ref name=great/><br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
The word ''dale'' means "valley", as it was built in the [[River Running|Celduin]] valley between two arms of Erebor.<br />
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==In Other Versions of the Legendarium==<br />
[[Tolkien]] left no foundation date for Dale in any of his published works. In ''[[The Hobbit]]'', [[Thorin]] tells [[Bilbo]] that men built “the merry town of Dale” during the time when his grandfather [[Thror]] was [[King under the Mountain]], soon after {{TA|2590}}. This is the only definitive statement. However, in the ''[[Unfinished Tales of Numenor and Middle-earth]]'', the section titled “[[Cirion and Eorl]]” contains a lengthy description of the wars between [[Gondor]] and the [[Wainriders]]. In that story, the following comment is found (after the defeat of King [[Narmacil II]] of Gondor in {{TA|1856}}):<br />
<br />
:{{blockquote|As for the Northmen, a few, it is said, fled over the Celduin (River Running) and were merged with the folk of Dale under Erebor (with whom they were akin), some took refuge in Gondor, and others were gathered by Marhwini son of Marhari (who fell in the rearguard action after the Battle of the Plains).|{{UT|8}}}}<br />
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It is possible to reconcile the texts if {{TA|1856}} is seen as the year of the foundation of the first, primitive [[Northmen]] settlements in the area with the years after {{TA|2590}} as the foundation of the city with the coming of the [[Dwarves of Erebor|Dwarves]]; the canonicity of this, however, is unknown.<br />
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==Portrayal in adaptations==<br />
[[File:Dale-BFME2.jpg|thumb|Dale in [[The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth II|''BFME'' II]]]]<br />
'''2006: ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth II]]'':'''<br />
:The City of Dale appears in the ''Erebor'' map, just south-east of the mountain itself. It appears to contain several houses, taverns and bridges, as well as a statue of a man. The city is built around the mountain's river.<br />
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'''2012: ''[[The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey]]'':'''<br />
:Glimpses of the [[sack of Erebor]] and the destruction of Dale were shown in the opening prologue sequence.<br />
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'''2013: ''[[The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug]]'':'''<br />
:The ruined city of Dale appears briefly in the scene when [[Bilbo Baggins]] and the [[Thorin and Company|Dwarves]] are heading for [[Lonely Mountain|Erebor]].<br />
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'''2014: ''[[The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies]]'':'''<br />
:After the death of [[Smaug]], the villagers of [[Lake-town]] seek refuge in the ruined city. During the [[Battle of Five Armies]], they hide inside Dale while the [[Lake-men]] combat the enemy forces. When the [[Orcs|Orc]] army attacks the ruined city, Bard and the Lake-towners run to defend it, leaving the [[Dwarves]] and the [[Elves]] to protect the gates of Erebor. The Elves later come to join the [[Men]] in defending the city.<br />
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==See also==<br />
*[[:Category:Images of Dale|Images of Dale]]<br />
*[[Lake-town]]<br />
*[[Men of Dale]]<br />
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{{References}}<br />
[[Category:Cities, towns and villages]]<br />
[[Category:Rhovanion]]<br />
[[de:Thal]]<br />
[[fi:Laakso]]<br />
[[fr:encyclo:geographie:villes_tours_et_forteresses:rhovanion:dale]]</div>Kulid123https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Dale_(Kingdom)&diff=315836Dale (Kingdom)2020-06-20T20:52:58Z<p>Kulid123: Redirected page to Dale</p>
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<div>#REDIRECT [[Dale]]</div>Kulid123https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Talk:Dale_(Kingdom)&diff=315823Talk:Dale (Kingdom)2020-06-20T19:48:18Z<p>Kulid123: I'll start it</p>
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<div>==Merge?==<br />
<br />
Should this page and the other Dale page be merged? I feel like it'll serve a better purpose as being 1 page with all the information in one page. Besides, the location is always refeered to as being just "Dale" and never the "Kingdom of Dale". The only difference is that earlier they were ruled by the "Lord of Dale" and later the "King of Dale". What do y'all think?--[[User:Kulid123|Kulid123]] 18:05, 10 June 2020 (UTC)<br />
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:I have to admit I am inclined to agree. --{{User:Mith/sig}}<br />
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::That's good. I'll get right to it.--[[User:Kulid123|Kulid123]] 19:48, 20 June 2020 (UTC)</div>Kulid123https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Talk:N%C3%BAmen%C3%B3rean_Sindarin&diff=315793Talk:Númenórean Sindarin2020-06-20T17:59:50Z<p>Kulid123: </p>
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<div>There is a section titled 'Other sound shifts' which remains empty. Does Ederchil have something to add in mind? I could help. [[User:Sage|Sage]] 17:33, 23 January 2009 (UTC)<br />
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:That was kinda in the hope there would be more. But there isn't, as far as I know. -- {{User:Ederchil/sig}} 18:10, 23 January 2009 (UTC)<br />
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== Name ==<br />
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Am I the only one who finds the name hideously cumbersome? Like saying "Canada English" or "Iran Farsi" or "Sweden Swedish" it just seems a nonsensical phrase to me.--{{User:Mith/sig}} 18:46, 13 July 2011 (UTC)<br />
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:In any case it's an attested use by JRRT - there's no better alternative.--[[User:Morgan|Morgan]] 18:48, 13 July 2011 (UTC)<br />
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::Well, those are two separate arguments: regardless of what Tolkien's usage was surely a ''grammatically'' better alternative would be "Gondorian Sindarin". --{{User:Mith/sig}} 18:58, 13 July 2011 (UTC)<br />
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:::Interestingly enough, in the Unfinished Tales, there is an excerpt: "...Númenórean Sindarin used in Gondor in the naming of places and persons..." Based on this, the name of the Sindarin used by the Numenoreans in the Second Age and later in Gondor is called "Númenórean Sindarin", not "Gondor Sindarin".--[[User:Kulid123|Kulid123]] 16:14, 5 May 2020 (UTC)<br />
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::::In which case, shouldn't all references, articles and categories of "Gondor Sindarin" be removed? --{{User:Mith/sig}} 15:39, 20 June 2020 (UTC)<br />
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:::::I tried to delete as many references and articles of "Gondor Sindarin" as I could. There may be a few more. I could not rename/delete categories though I'm not sure how to do that.--[[User:Kulid123|Kulid123]] 17:59, 20 June 2020 (UTC)</div>Kulid123https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Men_of_Hithlum&diff=315664Men of Hithlum2020-06-19T20:54:48Z<p>Kulid123: Redirected page to House of Hador</p>
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<div>#REDIRECT [[House of Hador]]</div>Kulid123https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=House_of_Hador&diff=315663House of Hador2020-06-19T20:54:06Z<p>Kulid123: </p>
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<div>{{sources}}<br />
{{disambig-more|Hador|[[Hador (disambiguation)]]}}<br />
{{Noble House infobox<br />
| name=House of Hador<br />
| image=<br />
| caption= <br />
| othernames='''House:'''<br>Third House of the Edain<br>'''People:'''<br>Edain of the North, Folk of Marach, Hadorians, Men of Dor-lómin, Men of Hador's House, Men of Hithlum, Men of the North, People of Hador<br />
| founder=[[Marach]]<br />
| leader=Briefly the [[Lord of Dor-lómin|Lords of Dor-lómin]]<br />
| location=[[Estolad]], [[Hithlum]] (especially [[Dor-lómin]]), later [[Númenor]]<br />
| affiliation=[[House of Fingolfin]]<br />
| rivalry=<br />
| destroyed= Last formal leader of this people, [[Húrin Thalion]], ruled until {{FA|472}}, but descendants of this people survived down into the [[Fourth Age]]<br />
| language=[[Taliska]], [[Sindarin]]<br />
| members=[[Hador]], [[Galdor]], [[Huor]], [[Eärendil]], [[Elrond]]<br />
| race=[[Edain]]<br />
| distinctions=<br />
| height=Tall<br />
| hair=Mostly golden<br />
| skin=Fair<br />
| clothing=<br />
| weapons=<br />
| heirlooms=[[Dragon-helm of Dor-lómin]], [[Dramborleg]], [[Gurthang]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
The [[House of Hador]] ([[Sindarin]]: '''''Bar Hador'''''<ref>{{MR|P5I}}; the first word appears in the [[lenition|lenited]] compound form ''e-mbar'' "''of'' the House"</ref>), also known as the '''Third House of the Edain''', was the last house of the Edain to cross the [[Ered Luin]] into [[Beleriand]] during the [[First Age]]. <br />
<br />
The followers of [[Marach]] and his descendants would become the '''Edain of the North''', '''Folk of Marach''', '''Hadorians''', '''Men of Dor-lómin''', '''Men of Hador's House''', '''Men of Hithlum''', '''Men of the North''', and the '''People of Hador'''. <br />
==Origin==<br />
The [[Men]] of the House of Marach descended from the tribes of Men who abandoned [[Hildórien]] for the [[West (disambiguation)|West]]. They were at war with the [[Men of Darkness|Men]] who fell under the [[Shadow]], and were pursued by them.<ref name=DM>{{PM|Atani}}</ref> They followed a road around northern [[Rhûn]] where they met some [[Dwarves]].<ref>{{WJ|Dwarves}}</ref> At the shores of the [[Sea of Rhûn]] a [[House of Bëor|small part was separated]]. The Greater Folk, the ancestors of the House of Marach, came later in the north-east woods near the shores. They crafted boats and could sail the insland Sea, and seemed to had been related to the ancestors of the [[Northmen]].<ref>{{UT|Cirion}}</ref> <br />
<br />
That folk was numerous and came in three hosts each around 2000 adult men. They crossed [[Eriador]] armed and equipped, with many [[horses]], some [[donkeys]] and flocks of [[sheep]] and [[goats]]. They reached the feet of the [[Ered Luin]] a year before all others but didn't attempt to find passes. Their mounted scouts attemted to find a way round them, and did so from the south.<ref name=DM/><br />
<br />
In {{FA|313}}, the first host entered [[Beleriand]] from the south and were followed by the rest of the folk of Marach in the same year.<ref name=DM/> They were the largest of the Houses and also the most warlike and they frightened the native [[Green-elves]] who inhabited the forested slopes of the mountains and so were bidden to progress to Estolad as the [[House of Bëor]] had done. Of all the Houses of the Edain the Hadorians remained longest in Estolad (perhaps due to the immense size of the House) but became close allies with the Noldorin [[House of Fingolfin]] who reigned in [[Hithlum]]. Under the rule of [[Magor]], grandson of Marach the House removed to the southern slopes of the [[Ered Wethrin]].<br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
It was during the reign of Hador in {{FA|416|n}} though that the House of Marach were finally granted permanent lands in the form of the fief of [[Dor-lómin]] within Hithlum. In recognition of the first lord of their new realm the House became known as the House of Hador. As a gift from his new lords, Hador was given the [[Dragon-helm of Dor-lómin|Dragon Helm]] by Fingon, which became a great heirloom of the House, borne by all its lords save Húrin. They enjoyed much splendor under the [[House of Fingolfin]], and their warriors held [[Eithel Sirion]] and fought beside the Noldor in the [[Wars of Beleriand]].<br />
<br />
Hador died during the [[Dagor Bragollach]] alongside his younger son [[Gundor]]. So Lordship of the House passed to Hador's older son [[Galdor (Lord of Dor-lómin)|Galdor]] leading the House of Hador in the troubled times that followed the Dagor Bragollach. During those times the House united with some of the folk of the [[House of Beor]] who had fled from [[Dorthonion]]. Galdor's wife was of the [[Haladin]] and their sons, [[Húrin]] and [[Huor]], were sent away to Brethil when they were lost and spent time with [[Turgon]] in [[Gondolin]]. Galdor himself was slain at [[Eithel Sirion]] in {{FA|462|n}}, thus Húrin became the third Lord of Dor-lómin. <br />
<br />
During Húrin's tenure as lord, Hithlum was largely made safe, owing largely to the great reclamation of lost lands by the [[Union of Maedhros]] of which the men and elves of Hithlum were participants. This gathered steam until the plans were made for another assault on [[Morgoth]] in [[Angband]]- the battle that would become known as [[Nirnaeth Arnoediad]]. Húrin mustered all the men that Dor-lómin could provide to supplement Fingon's host in the west. The result was devastating for the House of Hador and their remnant covered the retreat of Turgon. They refused to leave and heroically drew up their lines behind [[Rivil]], killing hundreds of [[Orcs]] and [[Trolls]] before their entire host killed to a man in a final last stand. <br />
<br />
=== Later History ===<br />
Hithlum, defenceless and beaten was thus taken by the treacherous [[Swarthy Men]] who had been so instrumental in Morgoth's victory without any notable resistance of what remained of the people of the House of Hador.<br />
<br />
From this point the lives of the people of Hador became one of marginal slavery. The House of Hador fared badly under the [[Incomers]]; brutally suppressed, their lands were taken and their women forced into marriage with the new despot-lords of Hithlum. The nobility of the House went into hiding or killed trying to flee. Húrin's son and heir (and officially now Lord of the House) [[Túrin]] was too young to lead and so was sent away to [[Doriath]] for his safety by his [[Morwen|mother]] and Huor's son Tuor was only born the year of the Nirnaeth Arnoediad and so was similarly guarded; fostered by the [[Sindar|grey elves]] that still inhabited the mountains of [[Mithrim]]. Those that could escape in the years that followed did-so fleeing to those havens of the elves that still stood but the House of Hador ceased to be as a coherent entity in much the same manner as the [[House of Bëor]] had suffered in the aftermath of the Dagor Bragollach. <br />
<br />
None the less, when the surviving Edain were granted the gift-land of [[Númenor]] the House of Hador was still the greatest in size of all the Houses and so made up the greater portion of those who removed there.<br />
<br />
It was believed in [[Gondor]] (somewhat inaccurately<ref name=DM/><ref>{{PM|XNotes}}, #61</ref>) that some of the sons of the House who refused the call to [[Elenna]], became the direct ancestors of the [[Northmen]]; explaining thus the affinity the [[Rohirrim]] had with the [[Gondorians]].<ref>{{TT|IV5}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Physical Characteristics ==<br />
The people of the House of Hador tended to be hardy and enduring in cold and distances, strong, tall, bold and steadfast (second to those of the First House), swift in body, with blue eyes, fair skin, and golden hair; they were noble and generous, ready in mind and quick to anger and laughter. There were some among them who were dark-haired (a trait sometimes inherited from the [[House of Beor]]).<ref>{{S|Men}}</ref><ref name=DM/>{{rp|307}}, and those members showed an interest in crafts and lore.<ref>{{PM|XNotes}}, #43</ref> They were marked as being the tallest men inhabitants of Beleriand save the Elves, They were the largest of the Houses and also the most warlike.<br />
<br />
Their features and traits were such, that young members of the House were almost indistinguishable from the Eldar, a fact that was remembered in elven songs ever after. The swift fading of this condition was a grief and a mystery to the Eldar.<ref>{{PM|XNotes}}, #47</ref> As a notable example, [[Túrin]] could be taken as one of the [[Noldor]], and was named ''[[Adanedhel]]'' ("Elf-man") in [[Nargothrond]].<ref>{{S|Turin}}</ref><br />
<br />
Their language was closely related with that of the Folk of Bëor, but their dialect, the main dialect of [[Taliska]] which became [[Adûnaic]], was more uniform with fewer alien influences.<ref name=DM/> As [[Elf-friends]] they also spoke [[Sindarin]].<br />
<br />
==Genealogy==<br />
<div style="overflow-x: scroll; overflow-y: hidden; border: 1px solid #AAAAAA; padding: 3px; background: #EEEEEE;"><br />
{{familytree/start}}<br />
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | MAR | | | | | | | | | | | | |MAR=[[Marach]]</br><small>''{{FA|282}} - {{FA|376|n}}''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | |,|-|^|-|.| | | | | | | | | | | |}}<br />
{{familytree | | | | | ZIM |y| MAL | | IML | | | | | | | | | | |ZIM=[[Zimrahin]]</br><small>''unknown''</small>|MAL=[[Malach]]</br><small>''{{FA|307|n}} - {{FA|398|n}}''</small>|IML=[[Imlach]]</br><small>''b. {{FA|310|n}}''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree | | | | | |,|-|^|-|.| | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | |}}<br />
{{familytree | BEL |V| ADA | | MAG | | AML | | | | | | | | | | |BEL=[[Belemir]]</br><small>''b. {{FA|339|n}}''</small>|ADA=[[Adanel]]</br><small>''b. {{FA|339|n}}''</small>|MAG=[[Magor]]</br><small>''b. {{FA|341|n}}''</small>|AML=[[Amlach]]</br><small>''b. {{FA|337|n}}''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree | | | |:| | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |}}<br />
{{familytree | | | BEO | | | | HAT | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |BEO=''<small>[[House of Bëor]]</small>''|HAT=[[Hathol]]</br><small>''b. {{FA|365|n}}''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree | | | |:| | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |}}<br />
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | HAD |y| GIL | | | | | | | | | | |HAD=[[Hador]]</br><small>''{{FA|390|n}} - {{FA|455|n}}''</small>|GIL=[[Gildis]]</br><small>''unknown''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree | | | | | |,|-|-|-|v|-|^|-|-|-|-|-|.| | | | | | | |}}<br />
{{familytree | HAL |V| GLO | | GAL |y| HAR | | GUN | | | | | | |HAL=[[Haldir (Chieftain of the Haladin)|Haldir]]</br><small>''{{FA|414|n}} - {{FA|472|n}}''</small>|GLO=[[Glóredhel]]</br><small>''{{FA|415|n}} - {{FA|472|n}}''</small>|GAL=[[Galdor (Lord of Dor-lómin)|Galdor]]</br><small>''{{FA|417|n}} - {{FA|462|n}}''</small>|HAR=[[Hareth]]</br><small>''b. {{FA|420|n}}''</small>|GUN=[[Gundor]]</br><small>''{{FA|419|n}} - {{FA|455|n}}''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree | | | |:| | | | | | | |)|-|-|-|.| | | | | | | | | |}}<br />
{{familytree | | | HAL | | MOR |y| HUR | | HUO |y| RIA | | | | |HAL=<small>''[[House of Haleth]]''</small>|MOR=[[Morwen]]<br/><small>''{{FA|441|n}} - {{FA|501|n}}''</small>|HUR=[[Húrin]]</br><small>''{{FA|441|n}} - {{FA|502|n}}''</small>|HUO=[[Huor]]</br><small>''{{FA|444|n}} - {{FA|472|n}}</small>|RIA=[[Rían]]<br/><small>''{{FA|450|n}} - {{FA|472|n}}''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree | | | |:| |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|.| | | |!| | | | | | | |}}<br />
{{familytree | | | | | TUR | | LAL | | NIE | | TUO |y| IDR | | |TUR=[[Túrin]]<br/><small>''{{FA|464|n}} - {{FA|499|n}}''</small>|LAL=[[Lalaith]]<br/><small>''{{FA|466|n}} - {{FA|469|n}}''</small>|NIE=[[Nienor]]<br/><small>''{{FA|473|n}} - {{FA|499|n}}''</small>|TUO=[[Tuor]]<br/><small>''b. {{FA|472|n}}''</small>|IDR=[[Idril]]<br/><small>''b. {{YT}}''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree | | | | | |L|~|~|~|~|~|~|~|J| | | | | |!| | | | | |}}<br />
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | EAR |y| ELW |EAR=[[Eärendil]]<br/><small>''b. {{FA|503|n}}''</small>|ELW=[[Elwing]]<br/><small>''b. {{FA|503}}''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |,|-|^|-|.| |}}<br />
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ROS | | RON |ROS=[[Elros]]<br/><small>''{{FA|532}} - {{SA|442}}''</small>|RON=[[Elrond]]<br/><small>''born {{FA|532}}''</small>}}<br />
{{familytree/end}}<br />
</div><br />
{{references}}<br />
[[Category:House of Hador| ]]<br />
[[Category:Mannish Noble Houses|Hador]]<br />
[[de:Haus Hador]]<br />
[[fr:encyclo:peuples:hommes:peuple_de_hador]]<br />
[[fi:Hadorin kansa]]<br />
[[fi:Hadorin Huone]]</div>Kulid123https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Men_of_Hador%27s_House&diff=315662Men of Hador's House2020-06-19T20:53:26Z<p>Kulid123: Redirected page to House of Hador</p>
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<div>#REDIRECT [[House of Hador]]</div>Kulid123https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Folk_of_Marach&diff=315661Folk of Marach2020-06-19T20:52:36Z<p>Kulid123: Redirected page to House of Hador</p>
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<div>#REDIRECT [[House of Hador]]</div>Kulid123