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[[Húrin]] and the tragedy of his children is referred to as [[Narn i Chîn Húrin]]. "The Wanderings of Húrin" is the conclusion to the "Narn". It is found in [[''The War of the Jewels'']], the eleventh book in [[The History of Middle-earth]]. This was not included in the final [[Silmarillion]] because [[Christopher Tolkien]] feared that the heavy compression which would have been necessary to make it a stylistic match with the rest of the book would have been too difficult and would have made the story overly complex and difficult to read.
'''The Wanderings of Húrin''' is chapter one of Part Three of ''[[The War of the Jewels]]'', the eleventh book in ''[[The History of Middle-earth]]''. It tells a portion of the story of [[Húrin]] (after the death of his children [[Túrin]] and [[Nienor]]) from his release from [[Angband]] until he has visited [[Brethil]] and begins to head to [[Nargothrond]].


This tale was not included in ''[[The Silmarillion]]'' because [[Christopher Tolkien]] feared that the heavy compression which would have been necessary to make it a stylistic match with the rest of the book would have been too difficult and would have made the story overly complex and difficult to read.  However, it is a fascinating account of the further workings of [[Morgoth]]'s curse upon Húrin and tells of his disastrous visit to [[Brethil]], in which the [[House of Haleth]] is brought to an end.  The section on [[Brethil]] offers details of the Folk of Haleth's culture and unique political entity.  In the end, Christopher Tolkien asked if the exclusion of this story brought into question the whole attempt to write a "unified" ''Silmarillion''.


== Summary ==
== Synopsis==
'''WARNING SPOILER(S) AHEAD!'''
''The account of Húrin in [[Hithlum]] and Brethil is mixed with Christopher Tolkien's commentaries upon his father's process in creating the story as well as the changes to the House of Haleth's genealogy.  In this synopsis just the story will be summarized.  The starting and stopping points of the pieces of the story are given in square brackets to assist those readers who wish to read the straight story.''


The text starts with [[Húrin]] being realeased by [[Morgoth]]. Húrin gathers some outlaws together, led by Asgorn, and went to the halls of [[Lorgan]]. Lorgan finds out that Húrin wasn't with Morgoth as Lorgan hoped. Húrin seeks Gondolin, but fails to find it. All he manages is to reveal to Morgoth where abouts Gondolin is, and to seperate himself from his men.
[''Beginning on p. 252 under the heading "500" and ending on p. 254 at the heading "501".'']
After years of captivity, [[Morgoth]] released Húrin, pretending that he did so out of pity but actually to further his malice. An escort of soldiers brought Húrin to the border of [[Hithlum]], which made the [[Easterlings]] and the enslaved [[Edain]] believe that Húrin was in league with the Dark Lord. Shunned, Húrin was further embittered, and prevented from rousing any rebellion against the new lords of the land, even if he had wished to do so.


Asgon and the outlaws expect to find Húrin in the [[Forest of Brethil]]. They were brought before [[Hardang]] but then sent out because they were ruled by the [[House of Hador]] of which Túrin was of also.
Only a small company of followers, [[Asgon]] and seven others, followed Húrin when he decided to depart from Hithlum. Before leaving, they entered the halls of [[Lorgan]], the self-styled Lord of Hithlum, who feigned friendship since he was concerned that Húrin was in Morgoth's favor.  Húrin scorned Lorgan and proclaimed he was not in Morgoth's service.  Lorgan, guessing at Morgoth's intent, lets Húrin leave unhindered but with his curse.


Meanwhile, Húrin travels along the Taeglin were he meets [[Morwen]], his wife. He talks and Morwen dies. He goes back to the Ford of Taeglin and collapses. A man named Manthor brings Húrin to the house of Hardang. Hardang is rude, so Húrin throws a stool at his head. He is put into prison.
[''Beginning on p. 260 with "It is said that the hunters…" and ending on p. 265 with "…and took counsel with his friends."'']
As Húrin and his companions left Hithlum he desired to see [[Turgon]].  Bound by his oath to not reveal the location of [[Gondolin]] he asked to go down into the vales of [[Sirion]]. Asgon led the way out of the mountains down the [[Lithir]] river. The eight men went unmolested by any creature of Morgoth for their orders were to spy unseen upon Húrin. As they went south Húrin considered how to ditch his men in order to journey to Gondolin alone.  Coming to the ford of [[Brithiach]] he told Asgon he wanted to go to Brethil where his son died and where he had an errand. That night though Húrin slept apart and disappeared before dawn, heading into [[Dimbar]].


Manthor becomes a friend of Húrin, and they find that they are cousins. The next day the people have a moot to decide the fate of Húrin. Manthor is for him, while Hardang and Avranc, son of [[Dorlas]], are against him. Manthor succeds in convincing the people that Húrin should be let free by telling them about his hardships and how his food was drugged. Húrin convinces them by saying that Hardang had thrust Morwen out to die.
Arising, Asgon and the others did not know if Húrin left by himself or was taken by beast or foe. One of the party, [[Ragnir (outlaw)|Ragnir]], wanted to go home but Asgon led them into Brethil.  That night march-wardens of the [[Haladin]] captured Asgon's company, who offered no resistance. Their weapons were taken and they were led to the woodmen's captain, [[Ebor]].  Since Ebor's lord, [[Manthor]], was away he had to obey the commands of the [[Halad]] or Chieftain of Brethil and send Asgon's company to him for questioning.


The people become crazy. They want Manthor to be Cheiftan so they chase Hardang and Avranc, with some loyal ones, into the Hall of the Haladin. The people set it on fire. Hardang and Avranc escape by a back door. Avranc gets through, but Hardang is killed by a spear.
The new chieftain was [[Hardang]], son of [[Hundad]].  He had love neither for Túrin nor for the [[House of Hador]], and little love for Manthor.  When the blindfolded prisoners came before Hardang he accused them of spying for [[Angband]]. Asgon rejected this accusation. Hardang granted them their lives but ordered them expelled without their weapons.  Asgon cried that this was the justice of Easterlings and not [[Edain]]. He revealed that Húrin had returned and would come into Brethil, news that frightened Hardang for he feared some strange turn of events.


Húrin and Manthor go to find Morwen's body. They bury her. Later, when they stop, Avranc apears then shoots Manthor, then runs away. Manthor dies. Húrin, and his son Túrin manage to destroy the [[House of Haleth]].
Asgon and his company were led away, again blindfolded, to the North-march.  Ebor was ill-pleased with their treatment and returned to them their weapons.  He begged them not to return for Hardang had sent word that if they did they were to be slain on sight.  Still wishing to meet Húrin, Asgon led the party to the west to keep a watch for their lord's return.
 
[''Beginning on p. 271 with "Now Húrin, coming into Dimbar…" and ending on p. 298 with the start of the chapter's notes.'']
In the meantime, Húrin made his way to the [[Echoriad]] but could not find the entrance to Gondolin.  The eagles reported to Turgon of Húrin's return.  Turgon at first refused to allow him access but later relented and asked to eagles to seek Húrin.  However, it was too late.  Not only had Húrin left, he had cried out for Turgon to remember him, and the spies of Morgoth heard and reported where Gondolin lay.
 
Húrin, starving, entered Brethil where night-sentinels saw him but did not hinder him.  Passing onward, Húrin came to the memorial stone of Túrin and Nienor, where he discovered his wife, [[Morwen]], in rags.  He held her in his arms until she died at sunset.  Húrin left his wife's body, stumbled to the [[Haudh-en-Elleth]], and lay down in darkness.
 
A man named [[Sagroth]] discovered Húrin in the morning.  Another, called [[Forhend]] foresaw trouble and recommended thrusting Húrin out of Brethil.  A third, [[Avranc]], son of [[Dorlas]], said he would just come back and that it would be better to kill the intruder.  Manthor, hearing Avranc's words, upbraided him and woke Húrin.  Húrin arose and thinking that the men were about to attack dared them to try.  Manthor calmed him and invited him to rest and eat.  Húrin tried to eat but could not and spat the food out. Húrin agreed to go with the party to see Hardang.
 
Manthor and Forhend led Húrin to Obel Halad but Avranc got there first and warned Hardang.  Inside, Hardang did not rise to greet Húrin and offered him no chair, which led the white-haired Húrin to sit on the floor until Hardang gave him a low stool.  Manthor rebuked Avranc for having left his duty.  Hardang, seeing the displeasure in the faces of others as well as Manthor for his treatment of Húrin, asked the old man if he wanted food and rest.  Húrin, doubly angered by his treatment followed by Hardang's weak courtesy, scorned the Chieftain and threw the stool at him, cutting his head.  Furious, Avranc arrested Húrin and Hardang ordered him imprisoned.
 
Manthor overheard Avranc urging Húrin's death to Hardang and declared that the matter of Húrin's appearance concerned all the folk of Haleth.  Hardang ordered Manthor to return to the marches but Manthor quit Hardang's service, and said he would summon the folk.  As he left Avranc nearly shot Manthor with an arrow but Hardang restrained him.  Soon the Men of Brethil were gathering at Obel Halad.  Manthor went to Húrin in prison and offered his services as counsel for the upcoming trial.  After some initial rejection Húrin accepted Manthor as friend.  Manthor stated that Hardang showed no evil before Húrin came and that Húrin had a dark shadow following him that made lesser shadows grow darker.
 
The next day a [[Folkmoot]] for Judgement was announced that would be held on the following morning.  Manthor was denied access to Húrin in the morning but was allowed to see him in the afternoon.  Húrin had been drowsing all day and said the food had done him ill.  Grimly, Manthor took some of the food for testing and told the guards to bring food for two in the morning for he would eat with the prisoner.
 
The Moot was held in a ring cut into a hillside, with seven tiers of seats.  In the lowest tier was the [[Angbor (stone)|Angbor]] stone on which the Halad sat.  When Húrin was placed before the Angbor it was Hardang who accused him of the charges, as per custom.  Manthor challenged Hardang's right to recite an offence against himself. In a rage, Hardang unwisely appointed Avranc as his replacement, a move that insulted the elder headmen in the crowd.  Avranc then finished the accusation according to his interpretation of events.
 
Given the chance to respond, at first Húrin remained silent.  Manthor explained that Húrin would not speak because of his fetters.  After some sparring between Avranc and Manthor, Hardang ordered the fetters removed due to the restiveness of the crowd.  Húrin then heaped insults upon Hardang and Avranc until Manthor convinced Húrin to sit and let him speak. Manthor then pointed out that Avranc had disobeyed his orders and had suggested that the sleeping Húrin should be slain when he was first found. Manthor then revealed that Húrin's food had been drugged.  Avranc told the assembly to be wary of Manthor's words since he was kin to the prisoner, which was a bad move since it allowed Manthor to remind the people that Húrin was kin to the House of Haleth and should have been treated with honor.  He then described the scene in which Húrin threw the stool, detailing all of Hardang's shameful discourtesy.  At the end of his speech the assembly was clearly on Húrin's side.  Húrin then spoke and accused Hardang of having contrived the starving of Morwen.  He strode towards Hardang, causing the Chieftain to retreat, which convinced the crowd of his guilt.
 
A riot ensued in which some men loyal to Hardang, or at least his office, defended him while others attacked.  Manthor tried to halt the uproar but was thrust aside.  A battle ensued at the gate to the Folkmoot, during which Avranc fired an arrow at Manthor but missed.  Hardang's faction ran to the Obel Halad and barricaded themselves within.  When Manthor attempted to parley with those inside Avranc again shot at him (and missed) which led to the burning of the house of the chieftains.  Avranc escaped from the flames but when Hardang ran out he was killed with a spear.
 
The next day Manthor and Húrin led a party to [[Nen Girith]] in order to bury Morwen.  On the return trip Avranc fired an arrow for the third time and killed Manthor.  With his death the House of Haleth was ended.  After Manthor's body was carried away Húrin turned westward and departed alone.
 
==Author's  Commentary==
At the start of this chapter Christopher Tolkien mentions that the ''Grey Annals'' seemed to have ended with strange abruptness, which was explained when he found the continuation that had been misplaced.  The missing parts of the ''Grey Annals'' are presented, noting many name changes and the growth of the story that would become the Wanderings of Húrin.  Various rewrites and additions are shown as the story enlarged.  Accompanying the name changes is a discussion of how the genealogy of the House of Haleth mutated as characters shifted position.
 
The story ends with Húrin turning away.  Christopher reports that there were various notes regarding the continuation of the tale, in which some of the Men of Brethil follow Húrin and they meet Asgon who has been waiting for Húrin's reappearance.  A side-note on Manthor suggested that part of his friendship with Húrin was ambition for the Chieftainship, awoken by Húrin's shadow.
 
Christopher's final word is that this was the furthest point in J.R.R. Tolkien's writings of ''The Silmarillion''.  It was as if a high cliff was reached that looked down on an ancient plain below, for the remainder of Húrin's story had been written over twenty-five years before.
 
==Analysis==
As mentioned, stylistically this detailed story of Húrin's wanderings did not fit with Christopher's more compressed ''Silmarillion''.  From the point of view of readers, the main question to ask is how canonical to treat this tale.  In the published ''Silmarillion'' the wanderings of Húrin corresponding to this story occupy but three pages.  Húrin travelled alone at all times, passed through Brethil unchallenged, and found Morwen at [[Cabed Naeramarth]]. She died, he alone buried her, and then he left for Nargothrond.  Asgon goes unmentioned and  Húrin's encounters with the people of Brethil are missing.<ref>{{S|Doriath}}</ref>
 
When ''The Children of Húrin'' ends only a brief epilogue is given in which Húrin meets Morwen, and her death is the last incident of the book.  ''The Wanderings of Húrin'' could be added to ''The Children of Húrin'' without having to change any of the text of that book.<ref>{{CH|18}}</ref>
 
Perhaps the best way to regard the discrepancies between ''The Silmarillion'' and ''The Wanderings of Húrin'' is to picture two speakers – one who tells the first story and another who corrects him by adding the tale of the events in Brethil.  Besides the look at Brethil and its customs this story provides the conclusion of the story of the House of Haleth, a blank spot in ''The Silmarillion'' that is now satisfactorily explained.
 
{{references}}
[[Category: The War of the Jewels chapters|Wanderings of Hurin]]

Revision as of 00:11, 22 November 2011

The Wanderings of Húrin is chapter one of Part Three of The War of the Jewels, the eleventh book in The History of Middle-earth. It tells a portion of the story of Húrin (after the death of his children Túrin and Nienor) from his release from Angband until he has visited Brethil and begins to head to Nargothrond.

This tale was not included in The Silmarillion because Christopher Tolkien feared that the heavy compression which would have been necessary to make it a stylistic match with the rest of the book would have been too difficult and would have made the story overly complex and difficult to read. However, it is a fascinating account of the further workings of Morgoth's curse upon Húrin and tells of his disastrous visit to Brethil, in which the House of Haleth is brought to an end. The section on Brethil offers details of the Folk of Haleth's culture and unique political entity. In the end, Christopher Tolkien asked if the exclusion of this story brought into question the whole attempt to write a "unified" Silmarillion.

Synopsis

The account of Húrin in Hithlum and Brethil is mixed with Christopher Tolkien's commentaries upon his father's process in creating the story as well as the changes to the House of Haleth's genealogy. In this synopsis just the story will be summarized. The starting and stopping points of the pieces of the story are given in square brackets to assist those readers who wish to read the straight story.

[Beginning on p. 252 under the heading "500" and ending on p. 254 at the heading "501".] After years of captivity, Morgoth released Húrin, pretending that he did so out of pity but actually to further his malice. An escort of soldiers brought Húrin to the border of Hithlum, which made the Easterlings and the enslaved Edain believe that Húrin was in league with the Dark Lord. Shunned, Húrin was further embittered, and prevented from rousing any rebellion against the new lords of the land, even if he had wished to do so.

Only a small company of followers, Asgon and seven others, followed Húrin when he decided to depart from Hithlum. Before leaving, they entered the halls of Lorgan, the self-styled Lord of Hithlum, who feigned friendship since he was concerned that Húrin was in Morgoth's favor. Húrin scorned Lorgan and proclaimed he was not in Morgoth's service. Lorgan, guessing at Morgoth's intent, lets Húrin leave unhindered but with his curse.

[Beginning on p. 260 with "It is said that the hunters…" and ending on p. 265 with "…and took counsel with his friends."] As Húrin and his companions left Hithlum he desired to see Turgon. Bound by his oath to not reveal the location of Gondolin he asked to go down into the vales of Sirion. Asgon led the way out of the mountains down the Lithir river. The eight men went unmolested by any creature of Morgoth for their orders were to spy unseen upon Húrin. As they went south Húrin considered how to ditch his men in order to journey to Gondolin alone. Coming to the ford of Brithiach he told Asgon he wanted to go to Brethil where his son died and where he had an errand. That night though Húrin slept apart and disappeared before dawn, heading into Dimbar.

Arising, Asgon and the others did not know if Húrin left by himself or was taken by beast or foe. One of the party, Ragnir, wanted to go home but Asgon led them into Brethil. That night march-wardens of the Haladin captured Asgon's company, who offered no resistance. Their weapons were taken and they were led to the woodmen's captain, Ebor. Since Ebor's lord, Manthor, was away he had to obey the commands of the Halad or Chieftain of Brethil and send Asgon's company to him for questioning.

The new chieftain was Hardang, son of Hundad. He had love neither for Túrin nor for the House of Hador, and little love for Manthor. When the blindfolded prisoners came before Hardang he accused them of spying for Angband. Asgon rejected this accusation. Hardang granted them their lives but ordered them expelled without their weapons. Asgon cried that this was the justice of Easterlings and not Edain. He revealed that Húrin had returned and would come into Brethil, news that frightened Hardang for he feared some strange turn of events.

Asgon and his company were led away, again blindfolded, to the North-march. Ebor was ill-pleased with their treatment and returned to them their weapons. He begged them not to return for Hardang had sent word that if they did they were to be slain on sight. Still wishing to meet Húrin, Asgon led the party to the west to keep a watch for their lord's return.

[Beginning on p. 271 with "Now Húrin, coming into Dimbar…" and ending on p. 298 with the start of the chapter's notes.] In the meantime, Húrin made his way to the Echoriad but could not find the entrance to Gondolin. The eagles reported to Turgon of Húrin's return. Turgon at first refused to allow him access but later relented and asked to eagles to seek Húrin. However, it was too late. Not only had Húrin left, he had cried out for Turgon to remember him, and the spies of Morgoth heard and reported where Gondolin lay.

Húrin, starving, entered Brethil where night-sentinels saw him but did not hinder him. Passing onward, Húrin came to the memorial stone of Túrin and Nienor, where he discovered his wife, Morwen, in rags. He held her in his arms until she died at sunset. Húrin left his wife's body, stumbled to the Haudh-en-Elleth, and lay down in darkness.

A man named Sagroth discovered Húrin in the morning. Another, called Forhend foresaw trouble and recommended thrusting Húrin out of Brethil. A third, Avranc, son of Dorlas, said he would just come back and that it would be better to kill the intruder. Manthor, hearing Avranc's words, upbraided him and woke Húrin. Húrin arose and thinking that the men were about to attack dared them to try. Manthor calmed him and invited him to rest and eat. Húrin tried to eat but could not and spat the food out. Húrin agreed to go with the party to see Hardang.

Manthor and Forhend led Húrin to Obel Halad but Avranc got there first and warned Hardang. Inside, Hardang did not rise to greet Húrin and offered him no chair, which led the white-haired Húrin to sit on the floor until Hardang gave him a low stool. Manthor rebuked Avranc for having left his duty. Hardang, seeing the displeasure in the faces of others as well as Manthor for his treatment of Húrin, asked the old man if he wanted food and rest. Húrin, doubly angered by his treatment followed by Hardang's weak courtesy, scorned the Chieftain and threw the stool at him, cutting his head. Furious, Avranc arrested Húrin and Hardang ordered him imprisoned.

Manthor overheard Avranc urging Húrin's death to Hardang and declared that the matter of Húrin's appearance concerned all the folk of Haleth. Hardang ordered Manthor to return to the marches but Manthor quit Hardang's service, and said he would summon the folk. As he left Avranc nearly shot Manthor with an arrow but Hardang restrained him. Soon the Men of Brethil were gathering at Obel Halad. Manthor went to Húrin in prison and offered his services as counsel for the upcoming trial. After some initial rejection Húrin accepted Manthor as friend. Manthor stated that Hardang showed no evil before Húrin came and that Húrin had a dark shadow following him that made lesser shadows grow darker.

The next day a Folkmoot for Judgement was announced that would be held on the following morning. Manthor was denied access to Húrin in the morning but was allowed to see him in the afternoon. Húrin had been drowsing all day and said the food had done him ill. Grimly, Manthor took some of the food for testing and told the guards to bring food for two in the morning for he would eat with the prisoner.

The Moot was held in a ring cut into a hillside, with seven tiers of seats. In the lowest tier was the Angbor stone on which the Halad sat. When Húrin was placed before the Angbor it was Hardang who accused him of the charges, as per custom. Manthor challenged Hardang's right to recite an offence against himself. In a rage, Hardang unwisely appointed Avranc as his replacement, a move that insulted the elder headmen in the crowd. Avranc then finished the accusation according to his interpretation of events.

Given the chance to respond, at first Húrin remained silent. Manthor explained that Húrin would not speak because of his fetters. After some sparring between Avranc and Manthor, Hardang ordered the fetters removed due to the restiveness of the crowd. Húrin then heaped insults upon Hardang and Avranc until Manthor convinced Húrin to sit and let him speak. Manthor then pointed out that Avranc had disobeyed his orders and had suggested that the sleeping Húrin should be slain when he was first found. Manthor then revealed that Húrin's food had been drugged. Avranc told the assembly to be wary of Manthor's words since he was kin to the prisoner, which was a bad move since it allowed Manthor to remind the people that Húrin was kin to the House of Haleth and should have been treated with honor. He then described the scene in which Húrin threw the stool, detailing all of Hardang's shameful discourtesy. At the end of his speech the assembly was clearly on Húrin's side. Húrin then spoke and accused Hardang of having contrived the starving of Morwen. He strode towards Hardang, causing the Chieftain to retreat, which convinced the crowd of his guilt.

A riot ensued in which some men loyal to Hardang, or at least his office, defended him while others attacked. Manthor tried to halt the uproar but was thrust aside. A battle ensued at the gate to the Folkmoot, during which Avranc fired an arrow at Manthor but missed. Hardang's faction ran to the Obel Halad and barricaded themselves within. When Manthor attempted to parley with those inside Avranc again shot at him (and missed) which led to the burning of the house of the chieftains. Avranc escaped from the flames but when Hardang ran out he was killed with a spear.

The next day Manthor and Húrin led a party to Nen Girith in order to bury Morwen. On the return trip Avranc fired an arrow for the third time and killed Manthor. With his death the House of Haleth was ended. After Manthor's body was carried away Húrin turned westward and departed alone.

Author's Commentary

At the start of this chapter Christopher Tolkien mentions that the Grey Annals seemed to have ended with strange abruptness, which was explained when he found the continuation that had been misplaced. The missing parts of the Grey Annals are presented, noting many name changes and the growth of the story that would become the Wanderings of Húrin. Various rewrites and additions are shown as the story enlarged. Accompanying the name changes is a discussion of how the genealogy of the House of Haleth mutated as characters shifted position.

The story ends with Húrin turning away. Christopher reports that there were various notes regarding the continuation of the tale, in which some of the Men of Brethil follow Húrin and they meet Asgon who has been waiting for Húrin's reappearance. A side-note on Manthor suggested that part of his friendship with Húrin was ambition for the Chieftainship, awoken by Húrin's shadow.

Christopher's final word is that this was the furthest point in J.R.R. Tolkien's writings of The Silmarillion. It was as if a high cliff was reached that looked down on an ancient plain below, for the remainder of Húrin's story had been written over twenty-five years before.

Analysis

As mentioned, stylistically this detailed story of Húrin's wanderings did not fit with Christopher's more compressed Silmarillion. From the point of view of readers, the main question to ask is how canonical to treat this tale. In the published Silmarillion the wanderings of Húrin corresponding to this story occupy but three pages. Húrin travelled alone at all times, passed through Brethil unchallenged, and found Morwen at Cabed Naeramarth. She died, he alone buried her, and then he left for Nargothrond. Asgon goes unmentioned and Húrin's encounters with the people of Brethil are missing.[1]

When The Children of Húrin ends only a brief epilogue is given in which Húrin meets Morwen, and her death is the last incident of the book. The Wanderings of Húrin could be added to The Children of Húrin without having to change any of the text of that book.[2]

Perhaps the best way to regard the discrepancies between The Silmarillion and The Wanderings of Húrin is to picture two speakers – one who tells the first story and another who corrects him by adding the tale of the events in Brethil. Besides the look at Brethil and its customs this story provides the conclusion of the story of the House of Haleth, a blank spot in The Silmarillion that is now satisfactorily explained.

References