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'''''Völuspá''''' ("Prophecy of the Seeress") is the first poem of the ''[[Poetic Edda]]'', a collection of [[Old Norse]] poems. It is preserved whole in two manuscripts, the Codex Regius and the Hauksbók, and partially in Snorri Sturluson's Prose Edda. [[J.R.R. Tolkien]] was influenced greatly by the saga, most obviously in the fact that most of the names of his Dwarves were drawn from it. [[Christopher Tolkien]] suggests that "''those Dwarf-names in The Hobbit provided the whole starting-point for the Mannish languages in Middle-earth.''"<ref>{{PM|II}}, Commentary to §58</ref><ref>Charles B. Noad, "[http://www.tolkiensociety.org/tolkien/book_reviews_01.html Review: The Peoples of Middle-earth (The History of Middle-earth XII)]" at Tolkiensociety.org. See section "Dwarvish and Mannish Related". Retrieved 30 August 2010.</ref> | |||
Almost all of the names of the [[Dwarves]] of [[Middle-earth]], as well as [[Gandalf|Gandalf's]], are taken from a section of the Völuspá called the ''Dvergatal'' (the "Catalogue of Dwarves").<ref name="Letter25">{{L|25}}</ref><ref group="note">The ''Dvergatal'' is now considered a later interpolation, and is often omitted from newer editions of ''Völuspá''.</ref> The ''Dvergatal'' is contained in stanzas 10–16: | |||
{| align=center | |||
|- | |||
| align=center | '''Original''' | |||
| align=center | '''Bellows translation''' | |||
|- | |||
| {{blockquote|<poem> | |||
10. Þar var Móðsognir mæztr of orðinn | |||
dverga allra, en Durinn annarr; | |||
þeir mannlíkun mörg of gerðu | |||
dvergar í jörðu, sem Durinn sagði. | |||
11. Nýi, Niði, Norðri, Suðri, | |||
Austri, Vestri, Alþjófr, Dvalinn, | |||
Nár ok Náinn Nípingr, Dáinn | |||
Bívurr, Bávurr, Bömburr, Nóri, | |||
Ánn ok Ánarr, Óinn, Mjöðvitnir. | |||
12. Veggr ok Gandalfr, Vindalfr, Þorinn, | |||
Þrár ok Þráinn, Þekkr, Litr ok Vitr, | |||
Nýr ok Nýráðr, nú hefi ek dverga, | |||
Reginn ok Ráðsviðr, rétt of talða. | |||
13. Fíli, Kíli, Fundinn, Náli, | |||
Hefti, Víli, Hannar, Svíurr, | |||
Billingr, Brúni, Bíldr ok Buri, | |||
Frár, Hornbori, Frægr ok Lóni, | |||
Aurvangr, Jari, Eikinskjaldi. | |||
14. Mál er dverga í Dvalins liði | |||
ljóna kindum til Lofars telja, | |||
þeir er sóttu frá salar steini | |||
Aurvanga sjöt til Jöruvalla. | |||
15. Þar var Draupnir ok Dolgþrasir, | |||
Hár, Haugspori, Hlévangr, Glóinn, | |||
Dóri, Óri Dúfr, Andvari | |||
Skirfir, Virfir, Skáfiðr, Ái. | |||
16. Alfr ok Yngvi, Eikinskjaldi, | |||
Fjalarr ok Frosti, Finnr ok Ginnarr; | |||
þat mun æ uppi meðan öld lifir, | |||
langniðja tal Lofars hafat. | |||
</poem>}} | |||
| {{blockquote|<poem> | |||
10. There was Motsognir | the mightiest made | |||
Of all the dwarfs, | and [[Durin]] next; | |||
Many a likeness | of men they made, | |||
The dwarfs in the earth, | as Durin said. | |||
11. Nyi and Nithi, | Northri and Suthri, | |||
Austri and Vestri, | Althjof, [[Dwalin|Dvalin]], | |||
[[Nár|Nar]] and [[Náin (disambiguation)|Nain]], | Niping, [[Dáin (disambiguation)|Dain]], | |||
[[Bifur]], [[Bofur]], | [[Bombur]], [[Nori]], | |||
An and Onar, | Ai, Mjothvitnir. | |||
12. Vigg and [[Gandalf]] | Vindalf, [[Thráin|Thrain]], | |||
Thekk and [[Thorin]], | [[Thrór|Thror]], Vit and Lit, | |||
Nyr and Nyrath,-- | now have I told-- | |||
Regin and Rathsvith-- | the list aright. | |||
13. [[Fíli|Fili]], [[Kíli|Kili]], | [[Fundin]], [[Náli|Nali]], | |||
Hepti, Vili, | [[Hannar]], Sviur, | |||
(Billing, Bruni, | Bildr and Buri,) | |||
[[Frar]], Hornbori, | Fræg and [[Loni]], | |||
Aurvang, Jari, | Eikinskjaldi. | |||
14. The race of the dwarfs | in [[Dwalin|Dvalin]]'s throng | |||
Down to [[Lofar]] | the list must I tell; | |||
The rocks they left, | and through wet lands | |||
: | They sought a home | in the fields of sand. | ||
: | |||
15. There were Draupnir | and Dolgthrasir, | |||
Hor, Haugspori, | Hlevang, [[Glóin|Gloin]], | |||
[[Dori]], [[Ori]], | Duf, Andvari, | |||
Skirfir, Virfir, | Skafith, Ai. | |||
16. Alf and [[Ingwe|Yngvi]], | Eikinskjaldi, | |||
Fjalar and Frosti, | Finn and Ginnar; | |||
So for all time | shall the tale be known, | |||
The list of all | the forbears of [[Lofar]]. | |||
</poem>}} | |||
|} | |||
==Notes== | |||
<references group="note" /> | |||
{{references}} | |||
"Eikinskjaldi" is directly translated to Oakenshield | |||
==External links== | |||
* [[wikipedia:Völuspá|Völuspá]] at Wikipedia. | |||
*[http://www.jrrvf.com/~glaemscrafu/texts/dvergatal-a.htm Dvergatal] in [[Glǽmscrafu]] (Text, translation and sound sample) | |||
* [http://etext.old.no/Bugge/voluspa/ Völuspá] (Old Norse full text) | |||
* [http://www.sacred-texts.com/neu/poe/poe03.htm Völuspá] (English translation by Henry Adams Bellows) | |||
[[Category:Poems]] | [[Category:Poems]] |
Revision as of 16:07, 10 August 2017
Völuspá ("Prophecy of the Seeress") is the first poem of the Poetic Edda, a collection of Old Norse poems. It is preserved whole in two manuscripts, the Codex Regius and the Hauksbók, and partially in Snorri Sturluson's Prose Edda. J.R.R. Tolkien was influenced greatly by the saga, most obviously in the fact that most of the names of his Dwarves were drawn from it. Christopher Tolkien suggests that "those Dwarf-names in The Hobbit provided the whole starting-point for the Mannish languages in Middle-earth."[1][2]
Almost all of the names of the Dwarves of Middle-earth, as well as Gandalf's, are taken from a section of the Völuspá called the Dvergatal (the "Catalogue of Dwarves").[3][note 1] The Dvergatal is contained in stanzas 10–16:
Original | Bellows translation |
|
|
Notes
- ↑ The Dvergatal is now considered a later interpolation, and is often omitted from newer editions of Völuspá.
References
- ↑ J.R.R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien (ed.), The Peoples of Middle-earth, "II. The Appendix on Languages", Commentary to §58
- ↑ Charles B. Noad, "Review: The Peoples of Middle-earth (The History of Middle-earth XII)" at Tolkiensociety.org. See section "Dwarvish and Mannish Related". Retrieved 30 August 2010.
- ↑ J.R.R. Tolkien; Humphrey Carpenter, Christopher Tolkien (eds.), The Letters of J.R.R. Tolkien, Letter 25, (dated February 1938)
"Eikinskjaldi" is directly translated to Oakenshield
External links
- Völuspá at Wikipedia.
- Dvergatal in Glǽmscrafu (Text, translation and sound sample)
- Völuspá (Old Norse full text)
- Völuspá (English translation by Henry Adams Bellows)