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'''''-nd''''' is a toponymical ending in [[Sindarin]], an ending "commonly used in the names of regions or countries". Vowels could be attached to the ending, yielding the forms ''-and'', ''-end'', ''-ond''. In names such as ''[[Rohan]]'', the ''-d'' was dropped, due to its lack of pronunciation in speech (this also | '''''-nd''''' is a toponymical ending in [[Sindarin]], an ending "commonly used in the names of regions or countries". Vowels could be attached to the ending, yielding the forms ''-and'', ''-end'', ''-ond''. In names such as ''[[Rohan]]'', the ''-d'' was dropped, due to its lack of pronunciation in speech (this also occurred in ''[[Anorien]]'' and ''[[Ithilien]]).<ref name=Cirion>{{UT|Cirion}}</ref><ref>{{HM|RC}}, p. 248</ref> | ||
The form also | The form also appears as ''-ian(d)'', ''-iann'', ''-ion'', ''-ien''.<ref name="PE">{{PE|17}}, pp. 42-3, 115</ref> | ||
==Examples== | ==Examples== |
Revision as of 08:13, 8 August 2018
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-nd is a toponymical ending in Sindarin, an ending "commonly used in the names of regions or countries". Vowels could be attached to the ending, yielding the forms -and, -end, -ond. In names such as Rohan, the -d was dropped, due to its lack of pronunciation in speech (this also occurred in Anorien and Ithilien).[1][2]
The form also appears as -ian(d), -iann, -ion, -ien.[3]
Examples
With a
With e
With o
Etymology
-ian(d) and ultimately -ien are reduced from -iand(a), -iend(e),[4] and said to be derived from PQ yandē "a wide region, or country".[3]
-(i)on appears in later-formed names and is in origin distinct from the above. It is explained to be from root YANA- and/or root YONO.[3]
Cognates
Relevant endings don't appear in other languages such as Quenya save perhaps the name Hildórien and Calacirian (from Kalakiryande)[5]. However there is the Qenya name Valariande[6] and Ossiriande.[7] The book The Road Goes Ever On gives the Quenya name of Lothlórien as Lóriende.
The above hint that in Quenya the endings were preserved as -iande and -iende, without loss of final -e. On the other hand, Valariande is perhaps non-canon as early Qenya (but consistent to the later rules of phonology); as for Lóriende, it seems to be constructed after the Sindarin name and can not be indicative of Quenya etymology.[source?]
See also
References
- ↑ J.R.R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien (ed.), Unfinished Tales, "Cirion and Eorl and the Friendship of Gondor and Rohan"
- ↑ Wayne G. Hammond and Christina Scull (eds), The Lord of the Rings: A Reader's Companion, p. 248
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 J.R.R. Tolkien, "Words, Phrases and Passages in Various Tongues in The Lord of the Rings", in Parma Eldalamberon XVII (edited by Christopher Gilson), pp. 42-3, 115
- ↑ J.R.R. Tolkien, "Words, Phrases and Passages in Various Tongues in The Lord of the Rings", in Parma Eldalamberon XVII (edited by Christopher Gilson) p.37
- ↑ J.R.R. Tolkien, "Notes and Translations", in The Road Goes Ever On (J.R.R. Tolkien, Donald Swann), p. 70
- ↑ J.R.R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien (ed.), The Book of Lost Tales Part One p.202
- ↑ J.R.R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien (ed.), The Lays of Beleriand, "III. The Lay of Leithian: Canto I (Of Thingol)", pp. 158-9