https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Cirth&feed=atom&action=historyCirth - Revision history2024-03-29T14:27:15ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.39.3https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Cirth&diff=371046&oldid=prevChad in Texas: /* Table of the earliest Cirth */ (slowly improving all Cirth pages) This was labeled "Earliest", but it represents Certhas Daeron which is actually the first 'explained' version. JRR says that Daeron rearranged, so his were not "earliest"2023-03-28T01:26:25Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Table of the earliest Cirth: </span> (slowly improving all Cirth pages) This was labeled "Earliest", but it represents Certhas Daeron which is actually the first 'explained' version. JRR says that Daeron rearranged, so his were not "earliest"</span></p>
<table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface">
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 01:26, 28 March 2023</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l3">Line 3:</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Cirth''' referred to the runic writing systems in [[Middle-earth]]. ''Cirth'' (singular [[certh]]) means "''runes''" in [[Sindarin]]. ''[[Certhas]]'' refers to a runic alphabet. The system was an ancient writing of the [[Elves]], and although they were later largely replaced by the [[Tengwar]] (which were enhanced and brought by [[Fëanor]]), they were adopted by [[Dwarves]] because its straight lines were better suited to carving than the curved strokes of the Tengwar.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Cirth''' referred to the runic writing systems in [[Middle-earth]]. ''Cirth'' (singular [[certh]]) means "''runes''" in [[Sindarin]]. ''[[Certhas]]'' refers to a runic alphabet. The system was an ancient writing of the [[Elves]], and although they were later largely replaced by the [[Tengwar]] (which were enhanced and brought by [[Fëanor]]), they were adopted by [[Dwarves]] because its straight lines were better suited to carving than the curved strokes of the Tengwar.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== Table <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">of the earliest Cirth </del>==</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Cirth </ins>Table <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">(Certhas Daeron shown) </ins>==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{| border="1"</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{| border="1"</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| <em style="font-family: 'Cirth Erebor'; font-style: normal;">1</em></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| <em style="font-family: 'Cirth Erebor'; font-style: normal;">1</em></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| l</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| l</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| <em style="font-family: 'Cirth Erebor'; font-style: normal;">S</em></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| <em style="font-family: 'Cirth Erebor'; font-style: normal;">S</em></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| u/w?</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| u <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">(</ins>/w?<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">)</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|-</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|-</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| <em style="font-family: 'Cirth Erebor'; font-style: normal;">5</em><ref>The original value of this certh wasn&rsquo;t given by Tolkien, but he mentions that in later Angerthas, it took the value ''hw'' after <em style="font-family: 'Cirth Erebor'; font-style: normal;">6</em> became ''m'' (for reasons explained below) while he doesn't give us the early certh for M. We can infer that this was the certh for M judging by both its 'labial' shape, and the symmetrical shape used for nasals, like <em style="font-family: 'Cirth Erebor'; font-style: normal;">@</em>, <em style="font-family: 'Cirth Erebor'; font-style: normal;">u</em>.</ref></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| <em style="font-family: 'Cirth Erebor'; font-style: normal;">5</em><ref>The original value of this certh wasn&rsquo;t given by Tolkien, but he mentions that in later Angerthas, it took the value ''hw'' after <em style="font-family: 'Cirth Erebor'; font-style: normal;">6</em> became ''m'' (for reasons explained below) while he doesn't give us the early certh for M. We can infer that this was the certh for M judging by both its 'labial' shape, and the symmetrical shape used for nasals, like <em style="font-family: 'Cirth Erebor'; font-style: normal;">@</em>, <em style="font-family: 'Cirth Erebor'; font-style: normal;">u</em>.</ref></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| m?</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">? (</ins>m?<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">)</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| <em style="font-family: 'Cirth Erebor'; font-style: normal;">@</em></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| <em style="font-family: 'Cirth Erebor'; font-style: normal;">@</em></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| n</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| n</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|-</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|-</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| <em style="font-family: 'Cirth Erebor'; font-style: normal;">6</em><ref>This certh will have the value ''m'' in later Angerthas, for reasons explained below. Its original value can&rsquo;t be guessed (maybe the certh for ''a''?), but judging from the &ldquo;labial&rdquo; shape, it could be ''w''.</ref></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| <em style="font-family: 'Cirth Erebor'; font-style: normal;">6</em><ref>This certh will have the value ''m'' in later Angerthas, for reasons explained below. Its original value can&rsquo;t be guessed (maybe the certh for ''a''?), but judging from the &ldquo;labial&rdquo; shape, it could be ''w''.</ref></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| ?>m</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| ? <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">(</ins>>m<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">)</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| <em style="font-family: 'Cirth Erebor'; font-style: normal;">#</em><ref name="HS">The reversal of the stem didn&rsquo;t had any phonologic significance. These Cirth were interchangeable and used for ''h'' or ''s'' depending on when <em style="font-family: 'Cirth Erebor'; font-style: normal;">g</em> was ''s'' or ''h''. This would perhaps apply to these early Cirth as well</ref></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| <em style="font-family: 'Cirth Erebor'; font-style: normal;">#</em><ref name="HS">The reversal of the stem didn&rsquo;t had any phonologic significance. These Cirth were interchangeable and used for ''h'' or ''s'' depending on when <em style="font-family: 'Cirth Erebor'; font-style: normal;">g</em> was ''s'' or ''h''. This would perhaps apply to these early Cirth as well</ref></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| h/s</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| h/s</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| h/s</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| h/s</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| <em style="font-family: 'Cirth Erebor'; font-style: normal;">h</em><ref>This Certh will have the value ''ss'' in later Angerthas. It must had another unknown value before (maybe the certh for ''a''?).</ref></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| <em style="font-family: 'Cirth Erebor'; font-style: normal;">h</em><ref>This Certh will have the value ''ss'' in later Angerthas. It must had another unknown value before (maybe the certh for ''a''?).</ref></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">a</del>?>ss</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| ? <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">(</ins>>ss<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">)</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| <em style="font-family: 'Cirth Erebor'; font-style: normal;">b</em></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| <em style="font-family: 'Cirth Erebor'; font-style: normal;">b</em></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| o</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| o</div></td></tr>
</table>Chad in Texashttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Cirth&diff=371043&oldid=prevChad in Texas: /* Structure */ (first of many) I am going to slowly improve all the Cirth pages. On this page, I correct/clarify that the table above was not the first cirth iteration.2023-03-28T01:18:41Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Structure: </span> (first of many) I am going to slowly improve all the Cirth pages. On this page, I correct/clarify that the table above was not the first cirth iteration.</span></p>
<table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface">
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<col class="diff-content" />
<col class="diff-marker" />
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 01:18, 28 March 2023</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l55">Line 55:</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Structure==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Structure==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">above table gives the most ancient known </del>cirth<ref>{{HM|AE}}</ref> <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">that would later give </del>the [[Certhas Daeron]]. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">They had possibly </del>different values <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">at that time than the ones given here</del>. </div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The cirth<ref>{{HM|AE}}</ref> <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">table above demonstrates the values after [[Daeron]] rearranged them into what became known as </ins>the [[Certhas Daeron]]. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">The cirth runes themselves existed beforehand, with </ins>different <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">but unglossed </ins>values. </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The known ancient cirth don&rsquo;t cover all the sounds of Sindarin, since we are missing ''rh'', ''lh'', ''mh'', ''v'', ''y'', ''œ''. Perhaps they were used for the [[Old Sindarin]] tongue, and many of the above mentioned sounds indeed didn&rsquo;t exist in that language. However still frequent sounds ''w'' and ''a'' are missing. This indicates that some ancient, unknown cirth could have existed, but didn&rsquo;t make it to the later systems; a fuller table therefore can't be reconstructed.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The known ancient cirth don&rsquo;t cover all the sounds of Sindarin, since we are missing ''rh'', ''lh'', ''mh'', ''v'', ''y'', ''œ''. Perhaps they were used for the [[Old Sindarin]] tongue, and many of the above mentioned sounds indeed didn&rsquo;t exist in that language. However still frequent sounds ''w'' and ''a'' are missing. This indicates that some ancient, unknown cirth could have existed, but didn&rsquo;t make it to the later systems; a fuller table therefore can't be reconstructed.</div></td></tr>
</table>Chad in Texashttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Cirth&diff=370784&oldid=prevChad in Texas: /* Table of the earliest Cirth */ The style of the table switched from source to destination. I added > where necessary.2023-03-21T04:11:16Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Table of the earliest Cirth: </span> The style of the table switched from source to destination. I added > where necessary.</span></p>
<table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface">
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 04:11, 21 March 2023</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|-</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|-</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| <em style="font-family: 'Cirth Erebor'; font-style: normal;">6</em><ref>This certh will have the value ''m'' in later Angerthas, for reasons explained below. Its original value can&rsquo;t be guessed (maybe the certh for ''a''?), but judging from the &ldquo;labial&rdquo; shape, it could be ''w''.</ref></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| <em style="font-family: 'Cirth Erebor'; font-style: normal;">6</em><ref>This certh will have the value ''m'' in later Angerthas, for reasons explained below. Its original value can&rsquo;t be guessed (maybe the certh for ''a''?), but judging from the &ldquo;labial&rdquo; shape, it could be ''w''.</ref></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| ?</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| ?<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">>m</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| <em style="font-family: 'Cirth Erebor'; font-style: normal;">#</em><ref name="HS">The reversal of the stem didn&rsquo;t had any phonologic significance. These Cirth were interchangeable and used for ''h'' or ''s'' depending on when <em style="font-family: 'Cirth Erebor'; font-style: normal;">g</em> was ''s'' or ''h''. This would perhaps apply to these early Cirth as well</ref></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| <em style="font-family: 'Cirth Erebor'; font-style: normal;">#</em><ref name="HS">The reversal of the stem didn&rsquo;t had any phonologic significance. These Cirth were interchangeable and used for ''h'' or ''s'' depending on when <em style="font-family: 'Cirth Erebor'; font-style: normal;">g</em> was ''s'' or ''h''. This would perhaps apply to these early Cirth as well</ref></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| h/s</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| h/s</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| h/s</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| h/s</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| <em style="font-family: 'Cirth Erebor'; font-style: normal;">h</em><ref>This Certh will have the value ''ss'' in later Angerthas. It must had another unknown value before (maybe the certh for ''a''?).</ref></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| <em style="font-family: 'Cirth Erebor'; font-style: normal;">h</em><ref>This Certh will have the value ''ss'' in later Angerthas. It must had another unknown value before (maybe the certh for ''a''?).</ref></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| ss<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">?</del></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">a?></ins>ss</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| <em style="font-family: 'Cirth Erebor'; font-style: normal;">b</em></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| <em style="font-family: 'Cirth Erebor'; font-style: normal;">b</em></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| o</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| o</div></td></tr>
</table>Chad in Texashttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Cirth&diff=353987&oldid=prev141.101.68.44: /* Other versions of the legendarium */2022-08-24T22:00:52Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Other versions of the legendarium</span></span></p>
<table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface">
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 22:00, 24 August 2022</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l78">Line 78:</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Many letters have shapes also found in the historical [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elder_Futhark Futhark], but their sound values are only similar in a few of the vowels. Rather, the system of assignment of sound values is much more systematic in the Cirth than in the historical runes (e.g., voiced variants of a voiceless sound are expressed by an additional stroke). A similar system has been proposed for a few historical runes (e.g. ''p'' &#5832; and ''w'' &#5817; as variants of ''b'' &#5842;), but is in any case much more obscure.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Many letters have shapes also found in the historical [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elder_Futhark Futhark], but their sound values are only similar in a few of the vowels. Rather, the system of assignment of sound values is much more systematic in the Cirth than in the historical runes (e.g., voiced variants of a voiceless sound are expressed by an additional stroke). A similar system has been proposed for a few historical runes (e.g. ''p'' &#5832; and ''w'' &#5817; as variants of ''b'' &#5842;), but is in any case much more obscure.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Other versions of the legendarium==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Other versions of the legendarium==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Tolkien had noted an apparent discrepancy between [[Elrond]]'s reference to the Runes (the [[Moon-letters]]) as invented by the Dwarves, and [[Appendix E]] stating that they were invented by the [[Sindar]] in [[Beleriand]]. He attempted to resolve the discrepancy by having the Dwarves invent the Runes, and Daeron organising them;or making [[Angerthas Moria]] a purely Dwarvish invention. However, he decided that Elrond referred only to the Moon-letters and not the alphabetic system itself. [[Christopher Tolkien]] cites this incident as an example of how he strived for consistency for his [[Secondary world]].<ref>{{PM|XNotes}}, #8</ref></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Tolkien had noted an apparent discrepancy between [[Elrond]]'s reference to the Runes (the [[Moon-letters]]) as invented by the Dwarves, and [[Appendix E]] stating that they were invented by the [[Sindar]] in [[Beleriand]]. He attempted to resolve the discrepancy by having the Dwarves invent the Runes, and Daeron organising them; or making [[Angerthas Moria]] a purely Dwarvish invention. However, he decided that Elrond referred only to the Moon-letters and not the alphabetic system itself. [[Christopher Tolkien]] cites this incident as an example of how he strived for consistency for his [[Secondary world]].<ref>{{PM|XNotes}}, #8</ref></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Encoding==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Encoding==</div></td></tr>
</table>141.101.68.44https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Cirth&diff=329618&oldid=prevLorenzoCB: Changed fallen link2021-03-24T09:16:08Z<p>Changed fallen link</p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{font|[http://www.<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">acondia</del>.com/<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">fonts</del>/<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">cirth</del>/ Cirth Erebor] by [[Dan Smith]]}}</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{font|[http://www.<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">tolkiendil</ins>.com/<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">telechargements</ins>/<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">polices</ins>/<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">angerthas_et_runes#cirth_erebor </ins>Cirth Erebor] by [[Dan Smith]]}}</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Cirth''' referred to the runic writing systems in [[Middle-earth]]. ''Cirth'' (singular [[certh]]) means "''runes''" in [[Sindarin]]. ''[[Certhas]]'' refers to a runic alphabet. The system was an ancient writing of the [[Elves]], and although they were later largely replaced by the [[Tengwar]] (which were enhanced and brought by [[Fëanor]]), they were adopted by [[Dwarves]] because its straight lines were better suited to carving than the curved strokes of the Tengwar.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Cirth''' referred to the runic writing systems in [[Middle-earth]]. ''Cirth'' (singular [[certh]]) means "''runes''" in [[Sindarin]]. ''[[Certhas]]'' refers to a runic alphabet. The system was an ancient writing of the [[Elves]], and although they were later largely replaced by the [[Tengwar]] (which were enhanced and brought by [[Fëanor]]), they were adopted by [[Dwarves]] because its straight lines were better suited to carving than the curved strokes of the Tengwar.</div></td></tr>
</table>LorenzoCBhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Cirth&diff=314822&oldid=prevMithbot: Bot: changed capitalisation on legendarium2020-06-15T20:49:32Z<p>Bot: changed capitalisation on legendarium</p>
<table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface">
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 20:49, 15 June 2020</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Inspiration==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Inspiration==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Many letters have shapes also found in the historical [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elder_Futhark Futhark], but their sound values are only similar in a few of the vowels. Rather, the system of assignment of sound values is much more systematic in the Cirth than in the historical runes (e.g., voiced variants of a voiceless sound are expressed by an additional stroke). A similar system has been proposed for a few historical runes (e.g. ''p'' &#5832; and ''w'' &#5817; as variants of ''b'' &#5842;), but is in any case much more obscure.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Many letters have shapes also found in the historical [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elder_Futhark Futhark], but their sound values are only similar in a few of the vowels. Rather, the system of assignment of sound values is much more systematic in the Cirth than in the historical runes (e.g., voiced variants of a voiceless sound are expressed by an additional stroke). A similar system has been proposed for a few historical runes (e.g. ''p'' &#5832; and ''w'' &#5817; as variants of ''b'' &#5842;), but is in any case much more obscure.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Other versions of the <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Legendarium</del>==</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Other versions of the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">legendarium</ins>==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Tolkien had noted an apparent discrepancy between [[Elrond]]'s reference to the Runes (the [[Moon-letters]]) as invented by the Dwarves, and [[Appendix E]] stating that they were invented by the [[Sindar]] in [[Beleriand]]. He attempted to resolve the discrepancy by having the Dwarves invent the Runes, and Daeron organising them;or making [[Angerthas Moria]] a purely Dwarvish invention. However, he decided that Elrond referred only to the Moon-letters and not the alphabetic system itself. [[Christopher Tolkien]] cites this incident as an example of how he strived for consistency for his [[Secondary world]].<ref>{{PM|XNotes}}, #8</ref></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Tolkien had noted an apparent discrepancy between [[Elrond]]'s reference to the Runes (the [[Moon-letters]]) as invented by the Dwarves, and [[Appendix E]] stating that they were invented by the [[Sindar]] in [[Beleriand]]. He attempted to resolve the discrepancy by having the Dwarves invent the Runes, and Daeron organising them;or making [[Angerthas Moria]] a purely Dwarvish invention. However, he decided that Elrond referred only to the Moon-letters and not the alphabetic system itself. [[Christopher Tolkien]] cites this incident as an example of how he strived for consistency for his [[Secondary world]].<ref>{{PM|XNotes}}, #8</ref></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
</table>Mithbothttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Cirth&diff=303827&oldid=prevMith: Added {{languages}} template2019-03-10T11:33:44Z<p>Added {{languages}} template</p>
<table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface">
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 11:33, 10 March 2019</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* [http://std.dkuug.dk/jtc1/sc2/wg2/docs/n1642/n1642.htm Official proposal to encode Cirth in Unicode]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* [http://std.dkuug.dk/jtc1/sc2/wg2/docs/n1642/n1642.htm Official proposal to encode Cirth in Unicode]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* [http://www.evertype.com/standards/csur/cirth.html Cirth proposal for ConScript Unicode Registry]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* [http://www.evertype.com/standards/csur/cirth.html Cirth proposal for ConScript Unicode Registry]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">{{languages}}</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Category:Writing systems]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Category:Writing systems]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
</table>Mithhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Cirth&diff=303750&oldid=prevMith: /* Other versions of the Legendarium */2019-03-09T11:09:23Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Other versions of the Legendarium</span></span></p>
<table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface">
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 11:09, 9 March 2019</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l78">Line 78:</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Many letters have shapes also found in the historical [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elder_Futhark Futhark], but their sound values are only similar in a few of the vowels. Rather, the system of assignment of sound values is much more systematic in the Cirth than in the historical runes (e.g., voiced variants of a voiceless sound are expressed by an additional stroke). A similar system has been proposed for a few historical runes (e.g. ''p'' &#5832; and ''w'' &#5817; as variants of ''b'' &#5842;), but is in any case much more obscure.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Many letters have shapes also found in the historical [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elder_Futhark Futhark], but their sound values are only similar in a few of the vowels. Rather, the system of assignment of sound values is much more systematic in the Cirth than in the historical runes (e.g., voiced variants of a voiceless sound are expressed by an additional stroke). A similar system has been proposed for a few historical runes (e.g. ''p'' &#5832; and ''w'' &#5817; as variants of ''b'' &#5842;), but is in any case much more obscure.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Other versions of the Legendarium==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Other versions of the Legendarium==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Tolkien had noted an apparent discrepancy between [[Elrond]]'s reference to the Runes (<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">actually </del>the [[Moon-letters]]) as invented by the Dwarves<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">; </del>and [[Appendix E]]<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">, </del>stating that they were invented by the [[Sindar]] in [[Beleriand]]. He attempted to resolve the discrepancy by <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">making </del>the Dwarves <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">inventing them</del>, and Daeron <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">organizing </del>them<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">, </del>or <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">makng </del>[[Angerthas Moria]] a purely Dwarvish invention. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">With a relief </del>he decided that Elrond referred only to the Moon-letters and not the alphabetic system itself. [[Christopher Tolkien]] cites this incident as an example of how he strived for consistency for his [[Secondary world]].<ref>{{PM|XNotes}}, #8</ref></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Tolkien had noted an apparent discrepancy between [[Elrond]]'s reference to the Runes (the [[Moon-letters]]) as invented by the Dwarves<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">, </ins>and [[Appendix E]] stating that they were invented by the [[Sindar]] in [[Beleriand]]. He attempted to resolve the discrepancy by <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">having </ins>the Dwarves <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">invent the Runes</ins>, and Daeron <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">organising </ins>them<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">;</ins>or <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">making </ins>[[Angerthas Moria]] a purely Dwarvish invention. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">However, </ins>he decided that Elrond referred only to the Moon-letters and not the alphabetic system itself. [[Christopher Tolkien]] cites this incident as an example of how he strived for consistency for his [[Secondary world]].<ref>{{PM|XNotes}}, #8</ref></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Encoding==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Encoding==</div></td></tr>
</table>Mithhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Cirth&diff=303623&oldid=prevSage: /* Inspiration */2019-02-27T07:52:57Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Inspiration</span></span></p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 07:52, 27 February 2019</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l77">Line 77:</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Inspiration==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Inspiration==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Many letters have shapes also found in the historical [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elder_Futhark Futhark], but their sound values are only similar in a few of the vowels. Rather, the system of assignment of sound values is much more systematic in the Cirth than in the historical runes (e.g., voiced variants of a voiceless sound are expressed by an additional stroke). A similar system has been proposed for a few historical runes (e.g. ''p'' &#5832; and ''w'' &#5817; as variants of ''b'' &#5842;), but is in any case much more obscure.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Many letters have shapes also found in the historical [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elder_Futhark Futhark], but their sound values are only similar in a few of the vowels. Rather, the system of assignment of sound values is much more systematic in the Cirth than in the historical runes (e.g., voiced variants of a voiceless sound are expressed by an additional stroke). A similar system has been proposed for a few historical runes (e.g. ''p'' &#5832; and ''w'' &#5817; as variants of ''b'' &#5842;), but is in any case much more obscure.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">==Other versions of the Legendarium==</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Tolkien had noted an apparent discrepancy between [[Elrond]]'s reference to the Runes (actually the [[Moon-letters]]) as invented by the Dwarves; and [[Appendix E]], stating that they were invented by the [[Sindar]] in [[Beleriand]]. He attempted to resolve the discrepancy by making the Dwarves inventing them, and Daeron organizing them, or makng [[Angerthas Moria]] a purely Dwarvish invention. With a relief he decided that Elrond referred only to the Moon-letters and not the alphabetic system itself. [[Christopher Tolkien]] cites this incident as an example of how he strived for consistency for his [[Secondary world]].<ref>{{PM|XNotes}}, #8</ref></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Encoding==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Encoding==</div></td></tr>
</table>Sagehttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Cirth&diff=302500&oldid=prevSage at 08:43, 23 January 20192019-01-23T08:43:20Z<p></p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 08:43, 23 January 2019</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{font|[http://www.acondia.com/fonts/cirth/ Cirth Erebor] by [[Dan Smith]]}}</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{font|[http://www.acondia.com/fonts/cirth/ Cirth Erebor] by [[Dan Smith]]}}</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Cirth''' referred to the runic writing systems in [[Middle-earth]]. ''Cirth'' (singular [[certh]]) means "''runes''" in [[Sindarin]]. ''[[Certhas]]'' refers to a runic alphabet. The system was an ancient writing of the [[Elves]], later adopted by <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">the </del>[[Dwarves]] <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">and some other eples</del>.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Cirth''' referred to the runic writing systems in [[Middle-earth]]. ''Cirth'' (singular [[certh]]) means "''runes''" in [[Sindarin]]. ''[[Certhas]]'' refers to a runic alphabet. The system was an ancient writing of the [[Elves]], <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">and although they were </ins>later <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">largely replaced by the [[Tengwar]] (which were enhanced and brought by [[Fëanor]]), they were </ins>adopted by [[Dwarves]] <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">because its straight lines were better suited to carving than the curved strokes of the Tengwar</ins>.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== Table of the earliest Cirth ==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== Table of the earliest Cirth ==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l68">Line 68:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 68:</td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The assignment of values was unsystematic. The form of a certh was consisted of a stem and a branch. The branch was found usually on the right side of the stem, and sometimes on the left, but with no phonetic significance. Therefore <em style="font-family: 'Cirth Erebor'; font-style: normal;">3</em> would just be an alternative form of <em style="font-family: 'Cirth Erebor'; font-style: normal;">1</em>.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The assignment of values was unsystematic. The form of a certh was consisted of a stem and a branch. The branch was found usually on the right side of the stem, and sometimes on the left, but with no phonetic significance. Therefore <em style="font-family: 'Cirth Erebor'; font-style: normal;">3</em> would just be an alternative form of <em style="font-family: 'Cirth Erebor'; font-style: normal;">1</em>.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Certhas Daeron was created by [[Daeron]], the minstrel of king [[Thingol]] of [[Doriath]] and was later expanded into what was known as the [[Angerthas Daeron]]<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">. Although the Cirth were later largely replaced by the [[Tengwar]] (which were enhanced and brought by [[Fëanor]]), they were adopted by [[Dwarves]] to write down their [[Khuzdul]] language ('''''[[Angerthas Moria]]''''' and '''''[[Angerthas Erebor]]''''') because its straight lines were better suited to carving than the curved strokes of the Tengwar</del>.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Certhas Daeron was created by [[Daeron]], the minstrel of king [[Thingol]] of [[Doriath]] and was later expanded into what was known as the [[Angerthas Daeron]]. </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>By the [[Second Age]] the cirth were seldomly used. The [[Noldor]] of [[Eregion]] used cirth as a "matter of lore" mainly for formal writing. It was how the [[Dwarves of Moria]] got to know them and preferred them from the tengwar, being intended for carved inscriptions. <ref group=note>The text connects the lore usage of the cirth by the [[Gwaith-i-Mirdain]] with the notion that [[Celebrimbor]] was a descendant of Daeron, before it was decided to make him the son of [[Curufin]].</ref></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>By the [[Second Age]] the cirth were seldomly used. The [[Noldor]] of [[Eregion]] used cirth as a "matter of lore" mainly for formal writing. It was how the [[Dwarves of Moria]] got to know them and preferred them from the tengwar, being intended for carved inscriptions.<ref group=note>The text connects the lore usage of the cirth by the [[Gwaith-i-Mirdain]] with the notion that [[Celebrimbor]] was a descendant of Daeron, before it was decided to make him the son of [[Curufin]].</ref> <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">They modifed the system accordngly for their Khuzdul language (cf. ''[[Angerthas Moria]]'' and ''[[Angerthas Erebor]]'').</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>By the [[Third Age]] only some Elves of [[Sindar]]in descent wrote in cirth in inscriptions, even though with spelling influence from the [[tengwar]]. The [[Longbeards]] were of the very few peoples who still knew and used cirth, leading to the misconception that they invented them, and were known as "dwarf-letters" by outsiders.<ref>{{<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">HM</del>|<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">PM</del>}}</ref></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>By the [[Third Age]] only some Elves of [[Sindar]]in descent wrote in cirth in inscriptions, even though with spelling influence from the [[tengwar]]. The [[Longbeards]] were of the very few peoples who still knew and used cirth, leading to the misconception that they invented them, and were known as "dwarf-letters" by outsiders.<ref>{{<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">PM</ins>|<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Dwarves</ins>}}</ref></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
</table>Sage