https://tolkiengateway.net/w/api.php?action=feedcontributions&user=Menelwyn&feedformat=atomTolkien Gateway - User contributions [en]2024-03-28T20:21:29ZUser contributionsMediaWiki 1.39.3https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Christopher_Lee&diff=18362Christopher Lee2006-04-30T00:40:06Z<p>Menelwyn: </p>
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<div>'''Christopher Lee''' played [[Saruman]] in [[Peter Jackson's The Lord of the Rings]]. He also performed with the [[Tolkien Ensemble]] on their CDs At Dawn in Rivendell and Leaving Rivendell. On those, he sang the role of Treebeard, as well as reciting numerous other poems.</div>Menelwynhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Celeborn&diff=18361Celeborn2006-04-30T00:36:12Z<p>Menelwyn: </p>
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<div>{{Pronounce|Celeborn.mp3|Ardamir}}<br />
''' Lord Celeborn''' (pronounced with a hard ''C'' as in ''Cake'') is the [[Elves|Elven]] husband of [[Galadriel]], '''Lord of the Galadhrim''', and co-ruler along with Galadriel of [[Lothlórien]]. He was known in the [[Third Age]] as the Lord of [[Lórien]]. He was the father of [[Celebrían]], the wife of [[Elrond]], making him the grandfather of [[Arwen Evenstar]]. He was also a kinsman of the [[First Age]] Elven King [[Thingol]].<br />
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In the ''[[Fellowship of the Ring]]'', Celeborn has a minor role. The main focus is on his wife.<br />
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He could be referred to as '''The Lord of Lórien''', '''The Lord of the Galadhrim''', or '''The Lord of the Wood''' interchangably. Within the realm of Lothlórien, he was referred to as simply '''Lord Celeborn''' or '''The Lord''' (he was more often named with Galadriel as '''The Lord and Lady''').<br />
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Celeborn's ancestry is not exactly certain. Celeborn first appeared in ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'', and he did not appear at all in Tolkien's (at the time unpublished) existing legends of the [[First Age]], ''[[The Silmarillion]]''. Tolkien felt that for an Elf of Celeborn's importance he had to have a good ancestry, and spent several years trying to resolve Celeborn's origins.<br />
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Most existing writings portray Celeborn as a [[Sindar]]in Elf from [[Doriath]], the kingdom of Thingol. Celeborn is described as a "kinsman" of Thingol. That Celeborn and Thingol are remotely related is further alluded to by the fact they both had silver hair, a haircolour which is never mentioned outside of the royal house of the Sindar. This origin was adopted by [[Christopher Tolkien]] and [[Guy Kay]] for the ''Silmarillion'' when it was decided to publish this book after Tolkien's death, and a new paragraph about Celeborn's marriage to Galadriel was inserted. Exactly how Celeborn could have been a kinsman of Thingol was not mentioned.<br />
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[[Image:Celeborn from PJ's LotR.jpg|thumb|left|''Celeborn'' from [[Peter Jackson's The Lord of the Rings]].]]<br />
According to one speculative text written by Tolkien, published as part of the ''[[Unfinished Tales]]'', Celeborn was the grandson of Thingol's younger brother [[Elmo]] (who never appears elsewhere). Elmo was also linked to [[Círdan]], making Círdan another member of the Sindarin royal house.<br />
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This simple origin Celeborn was however changed: in Tolkien's last writings Celeborn was a [[Teleri]]n Elf from [[Valinor]], then named '''''Teleporno''''' in Telerin [[Quenya]]. He met Galadriel when she was living in the Telerin city [[Alqualondë]], before the rebellion of the [[Ñoldor]]. They decided to travel together to [[Middle-earth]], without asking permission from the [[Valar]] to do so. While not involved with the rebellion of the Ñoldor at all, because they left at the same time and without permission (which would certainly not have been granted at that time), Celeborn and Galadriel were caught under the same Ban that prevented them from returning. The name Teleporno was "Sindarized" as ''Celeborn'': Telerin ''telep'' ("silver") (Ñoldorin Quenya ''tyelep'') was translated to Sindarin ''keleb''. In order to be counted as a kinsman of the Sindarin king Thingol, Celeborn must have been part of the family of the Telerin king [[Olwë]], likely one of his sons or grandsons.<br />
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This altered origin was not adopted into the published ''Silmarillion'', primarily because it would have necessitated a major rewrite of the earlier parts to account for a separate departure of Galadriel. A further problem was that this descent would have made Celeborn Galadriel's first or second cousin, and Elves never married close kin.<br />
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It is unfortunately not known what Tolkien's "final word" on Celeborn's origin was, as he never returned to the question. While it is likely the Aman origin of ''Teleporno'' was the final intent, it is equally likely Celeborn would have been portrayed in the eventual "author's Silmarillion" as related more distantly to Thingol&mdash;the relationship could have been through other family members not mentioned. (See [[Daughters of Finwë]] for an example of significant family members not named in ''The Silmarillion''.) <br />
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Celeborn's further history is as shady as his past: at one point during the [[Second Age]], Celeborn apparently ruled over Elves in [[Lindon]], but it is not certain if he fell under the overlordship of [[Gil-galad]], or ruled (together with Galadriel?) as an independent lord.<br />
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Celeborn and Galadriel later ruled over the Elves of [[Eregion]] (at least in some accounts), before settling in Lothlórien.<br />
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Celeborn remained behind after Galadriel left Middle-earth, but eventually, some time during the [[Fourth Age]], left for Valinor. It is said with him passed the last memory of the [[Elder Days]] from Middle-earth.<br />
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In [[Peter Jackson's The Lord of the Rings]], Celeborn is played by [[Marton Csokas]]. The role was extremely small in the theatrical version, but expanded slightly in the Extended Edition of The Fellowship of the Ring. In that version, he participates in giving gifts to the Fellowship as they are leaving Lórien. Notably, he gives [[Aragorn II|Aragorn]] a dagger and warns him of the dangers the Fellowship will face while sailing down the [[Anduin]]. In The Return of the King, Celeborn leaves for Valinor with Galadriel and the other Ringbearers, rather than remaining behind as in the book.<br />
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[[Category:High Elves]]<br />
[[Category:Pronounced articles]]</div>Menelwynhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Atani&diff=18359Atani2006-04-30T00:22:37Z<p>Menelwyn: </p>
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<div>{{Pronounce|Atani.mp3|Ardamir}}<br />
A [[Quenya]] name for [[Men]], and especially the [[Men]] of the [[Three Houses]] of the [[Edain]]. The singular of Atani is Atan. These are the equivalents of [[Sindarin]] Edain and Adan, respectively.<br />
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[[Category:Pronounced articles]]</div>Menelwynhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=And%C3%BAril&diff=18357Andúril2006-04-30T00:17:10Z<p>Menelwyn: </p>
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<div>{{Pronounce|Anduril.mp3|Ardamir}}<br />
'''Andúril''' ([[Sindarin]] for "Flame of the West") was name for sword [[Narsil]] after its reforging in 3019 [[Third Age|TA]] for [[Aragorn II|Aragorn]], the heir of [[Isildur]]. He carried the sword during his journey south as part of the [[Fellowship of the Ring]], and it featured prominently at several points in the story, where it was sometimes referred to as the [[Sword that was Broken]] or [[The Sword Reforged]].<br />
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[[Boromir son of Denethor II|Boromir]], son of the [[Steward of Gondor]], travelled to [[Rivendell]] in time for the [[Council of Elrond]] because of the prophetic dream of his brother [[Faramir son of Denethor II|Faramir]], in which he was told to "seek for the Sword that was broken". Aragorn often uses the sword to help establish his credentials.<br />
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Narsil (broken and reforged as Andúril) acts as a symbol of the kingship of [[Arnor]] and [[Gondor]]. As the Chieftain of the [[Rangers of the North]], Aragorn carries the fragments of the ancient sword, secret but ever vigilant, and the blade is reforged as Andúril when he sets out to reclaim his kingdom.<br />
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In [[Peter Jackson's The Lord of the Rings]], Andúril is not forged from the shards of Narsil until The Return of the King. In that movie, [[Elrond]] had that done with [[Arwen]]'s encouragement. He then took the re-forged sword to Aragorn in the camp of the [[Rohirrim]] at [[Dunharrow]]. Aragorn's acceptance of the sword, along with his decision at that time to take the Paths of the Dead, showed his willingness to accept his destiny of becoming king.<br />
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{{weapons}}<br />
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[[Category:Weapons]]<br />
[[Category:Swords]]<br />
[[Category:Pronounced articles]]</div>Menelwynhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=A_Journey_in_the_Dark&diff=18318A Journey in the Dark2006-04-29T18:55:11Z<p>Menelwyn: </p>
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<div>{{fotrchapters}}<br />
'''A Journey in the Dark''' is the fourth chapter of the second book in [[The Fellowship of the Ring]].<br />
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===Summary===<br />
[[Gandalf]] tells the group that the only way under the mountain is through the [[Mines of Moria]], underground tunnels in which a group of [[Dwarves]] led by [[Balin]] disappeared many years ago.<br />
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When they reach [[Moria]], the river has been dammed and the entrance is flooded. Gandalf sets the pony free and sends it back to [[Rivendell]]. Gandalf uses a secret password to gain them entrance. Before they can go in, they are attacked by a tentacled water creature, the [[Watcher in the Water]], that particularly targets Frodo. To escape, they all go into the Mines, but the Watcher destroys the entrance behind them. They have no choice but to go forward through the Mines.<br />
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Fissures and chasms make their path treacherous and at one point they enter a stone door and find a deep well inside it. Pippin throws a stone into it and they hear tapping, as if someone is using a hammer. They walk on for as long as they can, coming to many paths and crossroads, resting little and eating even less. The Mines of Moria are famous for silver ([[mithril]]) and it was in search of this that Balin and his Dwarves came to Moria. Gandalf tells them that Bilbo had a coat of mail armor made of mithril and Frodo staggers when he realizes that Bilbo has gifted him with a suit of armor whose value can buy the whole [[Shire]].<br />
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When they continue on their journey the next day, they come upon a tomb and Gandalf reads what is written on it. They realize that the tomb belongs to Balin and the Dwarves. Frodo is upset as he realizes that Bilbo's good friend is dead.<br />
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[[Category:The Fellowship of the Ring chapters]]</div>Menelwynhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Riddle_of_Strider&diff=16998Riddle of Strider2006-04-22T21:38:22Z<p>Menelwyn: </p>
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<div>'''The Riddle of Strider''' is a poem by [[Bilbo Baggins]] in honor of [[Aragorn II|Aragorn]], written when Aragorn first revealed his true identity to Bilbo. Its text reads<br />
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:All that is gold does not glitter,<br />
:Not all those who wander are lost;<br />
:The old that is strong does not wither,<br />
:Deep roots are not reached by the frost.<br />
:From the ashes a fire shall be woken,<br />
:A light from the shadows shall spring;<br />
:Renewed shall be blade that was broken,<br />
:The crownless again shall be king.<br />
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The poem is first given in [[The Lord of the Rings]] in the letter left for [[Frodo]] by [[Gandalf]] in [[Bree]]. In that letter, it appears as part of a postscript reminding Frodo to make sure that the "[[Strider]]" he meets is "the real Strider." The poem thus appears in that context as a means of identifying Aragorn. Aragorn indeed later quotes the first two lines, not knowing the poem is in the letter, and this does help to confirm his identity. Bilbo himself recites the poem at the [[Council of Elrond]] when [[Boromir]] expresses doubts about Aragorn's claim to be the [[Heir of Isildur]].<br />
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The first line is clearly a re-working of the traditional proverb "All that glitters is not gold," reversing its meaning. The second line, perhaps one of the lines from Tolkien's work most often quoted out of context, refers to Aragorn's travels. The third and fourth lines concern Aragorn's heritage, while the remaining lines describe his destiny. The "blade that was broken" refers to the [[Shards of Narsil]], which is indeed remade for Aragorn. <br />
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In [[Peter Jackson's The Return of the King]], the last four lines are recited by [[Arwen]] upon her return to [[Rivendell]] as she stands before the Shards of Narsil. She later encourages [[Elrond]] to re-forge the sword, and presumably to deliver it to Aragorn.<br />
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A reading of this poem by [[Christopher Lee]] can be found on the [[Tolkien Ensemble]]'s CD At Dawn in Rivendell.</div>Menelwynhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Riddle_of_Strider&diff=16996Riddle of Strider2006-04-22T21:37:18Z<p>Menelwyn: </p>
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<div>'''The Riddle of Strider''' is a poem by [[Bilbo Baggins]] in honor of [[Aragorn|Aragorn II]], written when Aragorn first revealed his true identity to Bilbo. Its text reads<br />
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:All that is gold does not glitter,<br />
:Not all those who wander are lost;<br />
:The old that is strong does not wither,<br />
:Deep roots are not reached by the frost.<br />
:From the ashes a fire shall be woken,<br />
:A light from the shadows shall spring;<br />
:Renewed shall be blade that was broken,<br />
:The crownless again shall be king.<br />
<br />
The poem is first given in [[The Lord of the Rings]] in the letter left for [[Frodo]] by [[Gandalf]] in [[Bree]]. In that letter, it appears as part of a postscript reminding Frodo to make sure that the "[[Strider]]" he meets is "the real Strider." The poem thus appears in that context as a means of identifying Aragorn. Aragorn indeed later quotes the first two lines, not knowing the poem is in the letter, and this does help to confirm his identity. Bilbo himself recites the poem at the [[Council of Elrond]] when [[Boromir]] expresses doubts about Aragorn's claim to be the [[Heir of Isildur]].<br />
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The first line is clearly a re-working of the traditional proverb "All that glitters is not gold," reversing its meaning. The second line, perhaps one of the lines from Tolkien's work most often quoted out of context, refers to Aragorn's travels. The third and fourth lines concern Aragorn's heritage, while the remaining lines describe his destiny. The "blade that was broken" refers to the [[Shards of Narsil]], which is indeed remade for Aragorn. <br />
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In [[Peter Jackson's The Return of the King]], the last four lines are recited by [[Arwen]] upon her return to [[Rivendell]] as she stands before the Shards of Narsil. She later encourages [[Elrond]] to re-forge the sword, and presumably to deliver it to Aragorn.<br />
<br />
A reading of this poem by [[Christopher Lee]] can be found on the [[Tolkien Ensemble]]'s CD At Dawn in Rivendell.</div>Menelwynhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=The_Man_in_the_Moon_Stayed_Up_Too_Late&diff=16977The Man in the Moon Stayed Up Too Late2006-04-22T21:10:10Z<p>Menelwyn: </p>
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<div>'''The Man in the Moon Stayed Up Too Late''' is the imagined original ditty that is dericed to 'our time' in the simplified nursery rhyme "Hey Diddle Diddle". The supposedly original was invented (by back formation) by [[J.R.R. Tolkien]]. The title of this version is given in ''[[The Adventures of Tom Bombadil]]''.<br />
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In the Inn at [[Bree]] ("[[The Prancing Pony|At the Sign of the Prancing Pony]]", ''[[The Fellowship of the Ring]]'' Chapter 9) [[Frodo]] jumps on a table and recites "a ridiculous song" invented by [[Bilbo Baggins|Bilbo]]. "Here it is in full," said Tolkien. "Only a few words of it are now, as a rule, remembered." <br />
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There follows the tale, in thirteen ballad-like five-line stanzas, introducing each element in turn: "the [[Man in the Moon]]" himself, the ostler's "tipsy cat/ that plays a five-stringed fiddle", the little dog, the "horn&eacute;d cow<br />
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:as proud as any queen.<br />
:But music turns her head like ale,<br />
:And makes her wave her tufted tail<br />
:And dance upon the green."<br />
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and "O! the rows of silver dishes/ and the store of silver spoons."<br />
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At the climactic moment<br />
:"With a ping and a pang the fiddle-strings broke!<br />
:the cow jumped over the [[Moon]],<br />
:And the little dog laughed to see such fun<br />
:And the Saturday dish went off at a run<br />
:with the silver Sunday spoon."<br />
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Note that the cow is able to jump over the Moon with ease because the Man in the Moon has temporarily brought it down to [[Arda|Earth]].<br />
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Part of Tolkien's brilliance in establishing the epic mood is his ability to introduce a version of a familiar saying and give the reader a sense of hearing the old proverb afresh, as if spoken for the first time, in the heat of the moment.<br />
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A musical version of this poem was recorded by the [[Tolkien Ensemble]] on their CD A Night in Rivendell.<br />
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[[Category:Books]]</div>Menelwynhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=The_Fall_of_Gil-galad&diff=16975The Fall of Gil-galad2006-04-22T21:04:01Z<p>Menelwyn: </p>
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<div>The lay that tells of the loss of [[Ereinion Gil-galad]] in the [[Siege of Barad-dûr]] at the end of the [[War of the Last Alliance]]. [[Sam]] sings the first lines of it in the [[The Lord of the Rings]]. <br />
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Little is known of the lay itself. According to [[Aragorn]], it was originally written in 'an ancient tongue' (presumably [[Quenya]]), but [[Bilbo Baggins]] later translated it into the [[Common Tongue]], and taught it to [[Samwise Gamgee]] in his younger days. It seems to have told the story of the War of the [[Last Alliance of Elves and Men|Last Alliance]], at least to the point where [[Gil-galad]] aided in the overthrow of [[Sauron]], and was himself slain. Its contents, though, are largely unknown to us: Sam confirms that it was a long poem, but apart from three introductory stanzas, the text of the lay is lost. Aragorn does say that he knows more of the text, as does Frodo, but he refuses to share it at the time he discusses it with the hobbits.<br />
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Sam's verses of the song are given in Book 1, Chapter XI of The Lord of the Rings ([[A Knife in the Dark]]).<br />
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A musical version of those three verses was recorded by the [[Tolkien Ensemble]] on their album A Night in Rivendell.</div>Menelwynhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=A_Elbereth_Gilthoniel&diff=16837A Elbereth Gilthoniel2006-04-22T01:26:45Z<p>Menelwyn: </p>
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<div>A Elbereth Gilthoniel is an aerlinn (poem) of [[Rivendell]] addressed to [[Varda]], sung in [[Sindarin]] and in iambic tetrameter. The first stanza (the only one known) rhymes aababcc. <br />
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:A Elbereth Gilthoniel<br />
:Silivren penna míriel<br />
:o menel aglar elenath!<br />
:Na-chaered palan-díriel<br />
:o galadhremmin Ennorath,<br />
:Fanuilos, le linnathon<br />
:nef aear, si nef Aearon. <br />
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Which translates as <br />
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:O Elbereth Starkindler<br />
:(white) glittering slants down<br />
:sparkling like jewels<br />
:from [the] firmament [the] glory [of] the star-host!<br />
:To-remote distance far-having gazed <br />
:from [the] tree-tangled middle-lands,<br />
:[[Fanuilos]], to thee I will chant<br />
:on this side of ocean, here on this side of the Great Ocean! <br />
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The rest of it is not saved but it is possible that 'Oh Snow-white' is a Westron translation or variation of this aerlinn. Variations of this hymn are sung throughout the book, such as the very last one written down:<br />
<br />
[ [[Frodo Baggins]] has just sung a song]<br />
<br />
..And as if in answer, from down below, coming up the road out of the valley, voices sang:<br />
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:A! Elbereth Gilthoniel!<br />
:silivren penna míriel<br />
:o menel aglar elenath,<br />
:Gilthoniel, A! Elbereth!<br />
:We still remember, we who dwell<br />
:In this far land beneath the trees<br />
:The starlight on the Western Seas<br />
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Donald Swann wrote music for this song, which can be found in the book [[The Road Goes Ever On]], as well as on the accompanying CD of the latest version. A different musical version was recorded by the [[Tolkien Ensemble]]. The first version cited above can be found on their album A Night in Rivendell, and takes the form of a chant sung by a female soloist. The second version can be found on the album At Dawn in Rivendell.<br />
[[Category:Poems]]</div>Menelwynhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Rhymes_of_Lore&diff=16834Rhymes of Lore2006-04-22T01:21:36Z<p>Menelwyn: </p>
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<div>'''A Rhyme of Lore''' is a poem found in Book 3, Chapter XI ([[The Palantir]]) of [[The Lord of the Rings]]. It is sung by [[Gandalf]] when he is travelling to [[Minas Tirith]] with [[Pippin]]. Its text is as follows:<br />
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:Tall ships and tall kings<br />
:Three times three,<br />
:What brought they from the foundered land<br />
:Over the flowing sea?<br />
:Seven stars and seven stones<br />
:And one white tree.<br />
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The ships are the nine ships that survived the fall of [[N&uacute;menor]], sailed by Elendil, Isildur and Anarion. The foundered land is N&uacute;menor itself. The seven stones are the [[palant&iacute;ri]], and the white tree is the sapling of Nimloth preserved by Isildur before the [[Nimloth]] was destroyed. <br />
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In his explanation of the poem to Pippin, Gandalf implies that this is one of many Rhymes of Lore. He also suggests that this one originates with the [[Dunedain]] of [[Arnor]].<br />
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A musical version of this poem was recorded by the [[Tolkien Ensemble]] on their album A Night in Rivendell.<br />
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[[Category:Poems]]</div>Menelwynhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Melkor&diff=16818Melkor2006-04-22T01:06:14Z<p>Menelwyn: </p>
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<div>Said to be the mightiest dweller in [[Arda]], Melkor was of the same order of the [[Valar]] and equal in power to [[Manwë]] himself, who was Melkor's brother in the mind of [[Ilúvatar]]. While the Valar descended into Arda to order and govern wisely, though, Melkor sought power for himself alone, and sought to bend all things to his own will.<br />
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All that the Valar made, Melkor looked to destroy; long before the [[Elves]] awoke, he threw down the [[Lamps of the Valar]], destroying their dwelling in [[Almaren]]. They removed to [[Valinor]], and fearing for the coming Elves, made war on Melkor and imprisoned him for three ages. By the time he was released, the Elves had come to Valinor; Melkor turned back to his evil ways; slaying [[Finwë]] and stealing the Silmarils, he destroyed the [[Two Trees of Valinor]] and fled back to his ancient fortress of [[Angband]] in the north of [[Middle-earth]].<br />
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The name Melkor means "he who arises in might". The name is generally used to refer to this Vala prior to his theft of the Silmarils; afterwards he is usually referred to as Morgoth.<br />
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'''See also:''' <br><br />
[[Morgoth]]<br><br />
[[Morgoth Bauglir]]</div>Menelwynhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Many_Partings&diff=16815Many Partings2006-04-22T01:01:00Z<p>Menelwyn: </p>
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<div>{{rotkchapters}}<br />
'''Many Partings''' is the sixth chapter of the sixth book in [[The Return of the King]].<br />
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===Summary===<br />
After many days, when the festivities are over, the [[Company]] sets out for [[Rivendell]]. [[Aragorn]] tells [[Frodo]] that he knows the [[Hobbits|Hobbit]] wishes for nothing more than to return home. Frodo answers that he wishes first to stop off at Rivendell to visit [[Bilbo]] one last time, as the older Hobbit will likely die soon. [[Arwen]] gives Frodo a white jewel and tells him that he may have the privilege of sailing to the [[Blessed Realm]] in her place.<br />
<br />
When the hobbits leave Minas Tirith, they are accompanied by many members of the Gondorian court. They stop at [[Rohan]] and bid farewell to [[Éomer]], honoring the memory of [[Théoden]]. At this feast, Faramir and Éowyn become betrothed. After a brief stay in Rohan, they set off again.<br />
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Arriving in [[Isengard]], they meet [[Treebeard]], the [[Ents|Ent]] leader who orchestrated the march on [[Saruman]] in [[The Two Towers]]. The Ents had promised to guard Saruman’s old stronghold of [[Orthanc]], ensuring that the corrupt wizard would never escape. [[Treebeard]] tells them of the flight of many [[Orcs]] and the doom the Orcs met in the forest. He relates that he reported news regularly to Saruman, who would come to the window of Orthanc to listen. But then the wizard withered away. Treebeard, to [[Gandalf]]’s dismay, has released Saruman, for he did not wish to keep such a miserable creature caged. Gandalf warns Treebeard that Saruman still has the power of his voice—a power he has used to his advantage in the past.<br />
<br />
Proceeding onward, the group comes upon an old, ragged man leaning on a staff. They recognize him as Saruman. Another beggar in his company is [[Wormtongue]], his former servant. The deposed Saruman is bitter but powerless. [[Galadriel]] and Gandalf offer Saruman mercy and reprieve. Their kindness irritates Saruman, who claims that with his demise, theirs will soon follow. After a few more days of slow and pleasant travel, Galadriel and [[Celeborn]] turn eastward and return home.<br />
<br />
The remaining travelers reach Rivendell and the [[House of Elrond]], and they find Bilbo. The old hobbit sits quietly in a small room, surrounded by bits of paper and pencils. The next day, all of Rivendell celebrates Bilbo’s 129th birthday. After a fortnight, Frodo realizes that he must return to [[the Shire]]. Bilbo chooses to remain in Rivendell, for he is far too old for any more travel. Bilbo gives Frodo three books of collected lore entitled [[Translations from the Elvish]], asking Frodo to finish editing them. Before Frodo leaves, Elrond takes the hobbit quietly aside, assuring him that in time he himself will visit the Shire, and he will bring Bilbo with him.</div>Menelwynhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Many_Meetings&diff=16812Many Meetings2006-04-22T00:55:59Z<p>Menelwyn: </p>
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<div>{{fotrchapters}}<br />
'''Many Meetings''' is the first chapter of the second book in [[The Fellowship of the Ring]].<br />
<br />
===Summary===<br />
When [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]] awakes he is in the house of [[Elrond]] at [[Rivendell]]. [[Gandalf]] is there. Elrond has called a council meeting to discuss what must happen. Gandalf tells Frodo that [[Strider]] is also called [[Aragorn]], [[Man of the West]], and that the [[Black Riders]] are also known as [[Ringwraiths]] or the nine servants of the [[Lord of the Rings]]. Gandalf also explains to Frodo how the Black Riders were defeated at the [[Ford of Bruinen]].<br />
<br />
Frodo finds that for the past four days and three nights he has been delirious. He learns that Elrond, a master healer, has been at work trying to save him. The rider that wounded Frodo did so with a Morgul-knife, and a piece of the knife was still stuck in Frodo's body. That piece had worked its way toward his heart, but Elrond had removed it. If the fragment had reached Frodo's heart he would have become like the Riders, a servant to [[Sauron]]. [[The Ring]] would have been taken from him, which would have been a disaster for Frodo.<br />
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Frodo learns about all those who work for the Dark Lord. The men are made of nothing, and wear robes to give shapes to their otherwise shapeless existences. The horses, just like many [[Orcs]], trolls, kings and men, have been brought up under the Dark Lord's power and they are in his service forever. Gandalf tells Frodo that the white figure he saw at the river was [[Glorfindel]] and that the river itself was commanded by Elrond.<br />
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Elrond hosts a great feast for his guests. At the feast, Frodo talks with the Dwarf [[Glóin]], who tells Frodo what became of the Dwarves Bilbo had known during his adventures. Frodo also sees Arwen for the first time. After the feast, Frodo goes to the [[Hall of Fire]] along with the other guests. To his delight, Frodo discovers [[Bilbo Baggins|Bilbo]] is living there among the others. Bilbo tells Frodo what he has been up to and asks to see the Ring. When Frodo produces it, Bilbo at once asks him to put it away, fearful of the way he has responded to it. Strider returns and Frodo discovers that he is also called Dúnadan. Bilbo performs his Song of Eärendil, then one of the Elves sings the hymn [[A Elbereth Gilthoniel]].<br />
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[[Category:The Fellowship of the Ring chapters]]</div>Menelwynhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=The_Etymologies&diff=16796The Etymologies2006-04-21T23:57:08Z<p>Menelwyn: </p>
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<div>The ''Etymologies'' are one of the documents included in Volume V of [[The History of Middle-earth]] (The Lost Road). In his preface to that volume, [[Christopher Tolkien]] describes the Etymologies as "a kind of historical dictionary," and associates the work with the years 1937-1938, prior to Tolkien's work on [[The Lord of the Rings]]. <br />
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In the Etymologies, Tolkien provides a series of [[Elvish]] linguistic root syllables, or "bases". He then shows how each base evolved into various words in the various Elvish languages, primarily [[Quenya]] and [[Sindarin]] (then called "Noldorin"), but also about ten other variations. Although the derived words cannot necessarily be said to be in their final forms, as Tolkien's invented languages continued to evolve throughout his life, as Christopher Tolkien points out, this document "enormously increases the known vocabularies of the Elvish tongues."</div>Menelwynhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Girdle_of_Melian&diff=15912Girdle of Melian2006-04-18T23:14:00Z<p>Menelwyn: </p>
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<div>The fence of enchantment set around [[Thingol]]'s kingdom of [[Doriath]] by [[Melian]] his Queen, preventing entry into his land without his will and consent. [[Beren]] was unique in being the only person to pass through the Girdle without the knowledge of Doriath's rulers.</div>Menelwynhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Gh%C3%A2n-buri-Gh%C3%A2n&diff=15896Ghân-buri-Ghân2006-04-18T22:23:19Z<p>Menelwyn: </p>
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<div>Ghân is the chief of the [[Drúedain]], the wild men who inhabit [[Drúadan Forest]]. In the third volume of the Lord of the Rings, [[The Return of the King]], he aids [[Théoden]], King of [[Rohan]], to reach [[Minas Tirith]] with reinforcements before it is conquered by the enemy. In return, Théoden promises that his people will have peace with the Drúedain, and that his people will wage war and drive away the [[Gorgûn]] ([[Orcs]]), that have been troubling the Drúedain.<br />
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Following the War of the Ring, Aragorn, as king of Gondor, decrees that the Dr&uacute;adan Forest formally belongs to Ghan and his people, and that no one else may enter that forest without their permission.<br />
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==See Also==<br />
* [[Drúedain]]<br />
* [[Drúadan Forest]]</div>Menelwynhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Rhymes_of_Lore&diff=15895Rhymes of Lore2006-04-18T22:17:41Z<p>Menelwyn: </p>
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<div>'''A Rhyme of Lore''' is a poem found in Book 3, Chapter XI ([[The Palantir]]) of [[The Lord of the Rings]]. It is sung by [[Gandalf]] when he is travelling to [[Minas Tirith]] with [[Pippin]]. Its text is as follows:<br />
<br />
Tall ships and tall kings<br />
Three times three,<br />
What brought they from the foundered land<br />
Over the flowing sea?<br />
Seven stars and seven stones<br />
And one white tree.<br />
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The ships are the nine ships that survived the fall of [[N&uacute;menor]], sailed by Elendil, Isildur and Anarion. The foundered land is N&uacute;menor itself. The seven stones are the [[palant&iacute;ri]], and the white tree is the sapling of Nimloth preserved by Isildur before the [[Nimloth]] was destroyed. <br />
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In his explanation of the poem to Pippin, Gandalf implies that this is one of many Rhymes of Lore. He also suggests that this one originates with the [[Dunedain]] of [[Arnor]].<br />
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A musical version of this poem was recorded by the [[Tolkien Ensemble]] on their album A Night in Rivendell.</div>Menelwynhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Bag_End&diff=15377Bag End2006-04-14T20:04:32Z<p>Menelwyn: </p>
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<div>:''"In a hole in the ground there lived a [[Hobbit]]. Not a nasty, dirty, wet hole, filled with the ends of worms and an oozy smell, nor yet a dry, bare, sandy hole with nothing in it to sit down on or to eat: it was a Hobbit-hole, and that means comfort."'' &ndash;''[[The Hobbit]]'', Chapter 1, "An Unexpected Party"<br />
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In [[J.R.R. Tolkien]]'s fictional world of [[Middle-earth]], '''Bag End''' was a smial (or [[Hobbit-holes|Hobbit-hole]]) in [[Hobbiton]], at the end of Bagshot Row.<br />
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[[Bilbo Baggins]] inherited the home from his parents, Bungo and Belladonna Baggins, who built the smial in 2889 [[Third Age]]. The hobbit hole is noted to have a green door with a round brass knob, all but countless rooms with round windows, and a garden. Although hobbits are known to be of small stature, larger visitors are often seen, indicating that the ceilings are certainly taller than expected. The grounds and home were kept by the Gamgee family, most notably Hamfast ("[[The Gaffer]]") and later his son, [[Sam Gamgee|Samwise]]. The beautiful hole is a point of contention between Bilbo and his relatives, the Sackville-Bagginses, who very much desire to own it.<br />
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Here, Bilbo lived a quiet existence until the wizard [[Gandalf]] appeared with 13 [[Dwarves]] at the beginning of ''The Hobbit''. Upon his return, he discovered the contents of the smial being auctioned off, due to his suspected death. The Sackville-Bagginses are disappointed at his return and their loss of Bag End.<br />
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By the beginning of ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'', Bilbo adopts his cousin (and nephew) [[Frodo Baggins|Frodo]] as his heir. Frodo becomes the Master of Bag End on their mutual birthday, at the age of 33, while Bilbo, now 111 years old, leaves to live with the elves at [[Rivendell]]. Frodo remains content at Bag End until Gandalf returns and confirms that Bilbo's ring is actually the [[One Ring]]. Preperations for departure ensue, with Frodo selling Bag End to the Sackville-Bagginses and removing to Crickhollow, before beginning the quest to destroy the ring.<br />
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Upon their return during the [[Scouring of the Shire]], Frodo and company discover that [[Lotho Sackville-Baggins]] had made Bag End his power base as he became Chief of [[the Shire]]. He succeeded, if only too well, and lost control of the entire enterprise. After [[Saruman]] arrived, [[Gr&iacute;ma Wormtongue]] killed Lotho in his sleep.<br />
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Frodo resumes living in Bag End and is joined by [[Samwise Gamgee|Sam]], upon his marriage to [[Rose Cotton]]. However, with wounds too deep to heal, in 3021 he names Sam his heir, and leaves across the sea. Bag End remains in the Gamgee family (later known as the Gardners) for at least three generations following Sam.<br />
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The name comes from the farmhouse in the tiny Worcestershire village of Dormston, in which Tolkien's aunt lived. It can also be seen as a pun on "cul-de-sac" (literally, "bottom of the bag"). In the books, it is supposedly a translation of the [[Westron]] ''Labin-nec'', which has much the same meaning, and the same relationship to the Westron form of Baggins: ''Labingi''.<br />
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In [[Peter Jackson's The Lord of the Rings]], a life-sized exterior of Bag End was constructed as part of the Hobbiton set near Matamata, New Zealand. The interior sets of Bag End were built on two different scales, and their design was based on artwork by [[John Howe]].<br />
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==External link==<br />
* [http://www.jrrtolkien.org.uk/Images/bagendmap.jpg A floorplan of Bag End]<br />
* [http://www.ourhobbithole.com Fans who are building a Hobbit Hole]<br />
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[[Category:Locations]]</div>Menelwynhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Atalant%C3%AB&diff=15376Atalantë2006-04-14T19:57:41Z<p>Menelwyn: </p>
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<div>{{Pronounce|Atalante.mp3|Ardamir}}<br />
A name in [[Quenya]] for [[Númenor]] after its [[Downfall of Númenor|Downfall]], meaning simply 'The Downfallen'. Although the word Atalante does translate as proper Quenya, Tolkien certainly intended the name to evoke "Atlantis".<br />
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[[Category:Pronounced articles]]</div>Menelwynhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Bagshot_Row&diff=15375Bagshot Row2006-04-14T19:55:25Z<p>Menelwyn: </p>
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<div>The row of hobbit-holes that were delved into [[Hobbiton Hill]] beneath [[Bag End]]. The [[Gamgee family]] lived at #3 Bagshot Row. The holes were destroyed in the [[War of the Ring]], and replaced by a new row called, simply, [[New Row]].<br />
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[[Category:Locations]]</div>Menelwynhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Elrond&diff=15361Elrond2006-04-14T18:55:47Z<p>Menelwyn: </p>
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<div>{{Pronounce|Elrond.mp3|Ardamir}}<br />
One of the greatest [[Elves]] in the history of [[Middle-earth]], '''Elrond''' is one of few characters to appear in [[The Silmarillion]], [[The Hobbit]], and [[The Lord of the Rings]]. His name means “Star-dome,” which according to one account he received because when he was found by [[Maglor]] (see below), he was playing in a cave underneath a waterfall.<br />
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[[Image:Elrond, Lord of Rivendell.jpg|thumb|left|''Elrond'' from [[Peter Jackson's The Lord of the Rings]].]]<br />
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== Elrond in the First and Second Ages ==<br />
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Elrond was born at the [[Havens of Sirion]] late in the [[First Age]]. His parents were [[Earendil]] and [[Elwing]]. He was thus [[Half-elven]]: Earendil was the child of the mortal [[Tuor]] and the Elf [[Idril]], while Elwing was the grandchild of [[Beren]] (a human) and [[Luthien]] (daughter of the Elf-king [[Thingol]] and the Maia [[Melian]]). Consequently, Elrond was descended from all three tribes of the Elves ([[Vanyar]] and [[Noldor]] through Idril, [[Sindar]] through Luthien), a Maia, and the [[Edain]]. Elrond had a twin brother, [[Elros]], who later became the first king of [[N&uacute;menor]].<br />
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When the [[Sons of Feanor]] attacked the Havens of Sirion, Elrond and his brother were taken captive by Maglor, and were subsequently raised by him. Following the [[War of Wrath]], because of his Half-elven heritage the [[Valar]] gave Elrond and his brother a choice whether to be counted among the kindred of Elves or of Men. Elrond chose to belong to the Firstborn, while Elros chose to become mortal. Elrond subsequently remained in [[Lindon]] with [[Gil-galad]], where he became known as a healer and loremaster.<br />
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When [[Sauron]] (disguised in his fair form as [[Annatar]]) came seeking entrance to Lindon during the Second Age, Elrond and Gil-galad sensed that he was not what he seemed, and denied him. Later, in S.A. 1697 during the wars of the Elves against Sauron, Elrond founded the refuge of [[Imladris]] ([[Rivendell]]).<br />
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Elrond marched with Gil-galad and [[Elendil]] during the [[War of the Last Alliance]], serving as Gil-galad’s herald. He was present during the last battle of that war, witnessing the deaths of Gil-galad and Elendil. At the conclusion of that battle, when [[Isildur]] cut the [[One Ring]] from Sauron’s hand he and [[Cirdan]] advised Isildur to destroy the Ring, but Isildur refused their counsel. Elrond subsequently returned to Rivendell, which prospered the coming years with the aid of the Ring of Air, [[Vilya]], that Elrond had received from Gil-galad. It has been argued that following Gil-galad’s death, Elrond had the right to become High King of the Noldor, but he never claimed the title.<br />
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== Elrond in the Third Age ==<br />
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Following Isildur’s death, Elrond received the shards of [[Narsil]], which he preserved for many years. He began his long tradition of fostering the heirs of Isildur by helping to raise Isildur’s son [[Valandil]], who had been left in Rivendell during the War of the Last Alliance. Centuries later, when the Northern Kingdom fell, Elrond took the other heirlooms of Arnor (the [[Sceptre of Annuminas]] and the [[Ring of Barahir]]) into his keeping, holding them for the one who would eventually be able to reclaim the throne of [[Arnor]].<br />
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In T.A. 109, Elrond married [[Celebrian]], the daughter of [[Galadriel]] and [[Celeborn]]. Their first children, the twins [[Elladan]] and [[Elrohir]], were born in 130, and their daughter [[Arwen]] in 241.<br />
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In 2933, Elrond took [[Aragorn]] as his foster-son in Rivendell, naming him Estel (Hope) and concealing his heritage from him until he came of age. When Aragorn became an adult, Elrond gave him the Ring of Barahir and the shards of Narsil, foreseeing that Aragorn might be the one to claim the thrones of Gondor and Arnor. When Aragorn fell in love with Arwen, Elrond revealed to him that Arwen shared the choice of the Half-elven, and that one or the other of them would ultimately be parted from her forever. Elrond insisted that Arwen could not marry Aragorn until he became king of both Gondor and Arnor.<br />
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== Elrond in ''The Hobbit'' ==<br />
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In ''The Hobbit'', Elrond plays a minor but significant role. During [[Thorin and Company]]’s stay in Rivendell, Elrond reads the runes on the swords [[Orcrist]] and [[Glamdring]], identifying them as coming from [[Gondolin]]. He also reads the [[moon-letters]] on Thorin’s map, providing the information the Dwarves and Bilbo need to enter the [[Lonely Mountain]].<br />
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In ''The Hobbit'', it is said of Elrond that he “was an elf-friend—one of those people whose fathers came into the strange stories before the beginning of History, the wars of the evil goblins and the elves and the first men in the North. In those days of our tale there were still some people who had both elves and heroes of the North for ancestors, and Elrond the master of the house was their chief. He was as noble and as fair in face as an elf-lord, as strong as a warrior, as wise as a wizard, as venerable as a king of dwarves, and as kind as summer.” ([[A Short Rest]]) Note that in this description he is not identified as an elf himself, as Tolkien had not at this stage decided that Elrond of Rivendell was the same person as Elrond the son of Earendil.<br />
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== Elrond in ''The Lord of the Rings'' ==<br />
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When [[Frodo]] first leaves the Shire with the One Ring, it is always his intention to go to Rivendell to seek the advice of Elrond. Indeed, in his letter left at Bree, Gandalf counsels him to do so. Elrond’s first role in ''The Lord of the Rings'' is to heal Frodo of his wound sustained at [[Weathertop]]. Elrond then hosts the feast that is held when Frodo recovers. The description given of Elrond at that feast tells us that “the face of Elrond was ageless, neither old nor young, though in it was written the memory of many things both glad and sorrowful. His hair was dark as the shadows of twilight, and upon it was set a circlet of silver; his eyes were grey as a clear evening, and in them was a light like the light of stars. Venerable he seemed as a king crowned with many winters, and yet hale as a tried warrior in the fulness of his strength. He was the Lord of Rivendell and mighty among both Elves and Men.” ([[Many Meetings]])<br />
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Elrond’s principal role, of course, is as the leader of the [[Council of Elrond]]. During that meeting, he narrates what he knows of the history of Isildur and the Ring. He identifies Aragorn as Isildur’s Heir, and when Frodo ultimately volunteers to carry the Ring, Elrond affirms that decision as correct. Elrond also appears to have selected the members of the Fellowship other than Frodo and [[Sam]], accepting [[Merry]] and [[Pippin]] only reluctantly.<br />
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Later, Elrond sends his sons Elladan and Elrohir to join the [[Dunedain]] Rangers who ride to Rohan to join Aragorn. Through Elrohir, Elrond advises Aragorn to take the [[Paths of the Dead]]. During the [[Last Debate]], Elrohir supports Aragorn’s decision to attack Mordor as a diversion to allow Frodo time to reach Mount Doom, saying that this was Elrond’s advice. Following the [[War of the Ring]], Elrond escorts Arwen to Minas Tirith for her marriage to Aragorn, and parts from her in great sorrow.<br />
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At the end of the story, Elrond is one of the Elves who takes ship to [[Valinor]] along with Frodo and the other Ringbearers. The Third Age is held to have ended with Elrond’s departure.<br />
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== Elrond in [[Peter Jackson’s The Lord of the Rings]] ==<br />
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In Peter Jackson’s movies, Elrond is played by [[Hugo Weaving]] (see picture above). His role in the movie is expanded beyond his role in the book, and the character appears in each of the three movies.<br />
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In ''The Fellowship of the Ring'', Elrond first appears in the Prologue as a commander of the army of Elves in the War of the Last Alliance. A later flashback scene shows him actually taking Isildur into [[Mount Doom]], trying to persuade him to destroy the Ring. This scene is strongly paralleled in ''The Return of the King'' when Frodo attempts to destroy the Ring, with Sam using some of the same words Elrond did in the earlier scene.<br />
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As in the book, Elrond heals Frodo’s wound from Weathertop. Elrond then has a conversation with Gandalf, discussing the many challenges that face them. Elrond argues that the Ring cannot remain in Rivendell (in the movie, Frodo appears to have thought that he would be able to leave the Ring there). He also expresses his doubts about the race of Men, and gives the first hints about Aragorn’s real identity. In the Council of Elrond, Elrond himself is the one who argues that the only option is to destroy the Ring. He does not select the Fellowship, but accepts those who volunteer.<br />
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Elrond gains two additional scenes in the Extended Edition of the movie. In the first, he talks with Aragorn beside the grave of Aragorn’s mother. Elrond encourages the reluctant Aragorn to accept his fate of becoming king. In the next scene, Elrond blesses the departing Fellowship.<br />
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In ''The Two Towers'', Elrond is mainly appears in scenes involving Arwen. In a flashback, Aragorn remembers Elrond telling him to abandon his love for Arwen, allowing her to sail to Valinor. Aragorn attempts to do this, but Arwen denies him. In another scene, Elrond persuades Arwen that she should sail to Valinor, describing what will happen if she remains and Aragorn dies. Elrond then has a telepathic communication with Galadriel discussing the war that is beginning. He apparently suggests that she send an army to [[Helm’s Deep]] to aid the Men there, since when [[Haldir]] arrives at Helm’s Deep he says that he brings “word from Elrond of Rivendell.”<br />
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In ''The Return of the King'', Elrond’s first scene is with Arwen, who has decided not to sail after all, but to return. Although he senses that she is dying Elrond acknowledges her choice. At her suggestion, he has the shards of Narsil re-forged, then carries the new sword to Aragorn at [[Dunharrow]]. He finally convinces Aragorn to accept his destiny, and advises him to take the Paths of the Dead. Later, Elrond escorts Arwen to [[Minas Tirith]] for her wedding, and he finally sails to Valinor with the Ringbearers.<br />
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'''See also:'''<br />
* [[Elrond, Herald of Gil-Galad polystone bust]]<br />
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[[Category:Elves]]<br />
[[Category:Pronounced articles]]</div>Menelwynhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Asfaloth&diff=15314Asfaloth2006-04-14T14:47:33Z<p>Menelwyn: </p>
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<div>The white horse of [[Glorfindel]], who bore [[Frodo Baggins]] to safety at the [[Ford of Bruinen]]. Asfaloth was a remarkably fast horse, outpacing the steeds of the [[Black Riders]].<br />
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In [[Peter Jackson's The Fellowship of the Ring]], Asfaloth belongs to [[Arwen]], who performs the function Glorfindel had in the book.<br />
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[[Category:Horses]]</div>Menelwynhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Armenelos&diff=15308Armenelos2006-04-14T14:35:55Z<p>Menelwyn: </p>
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<div>{{Pronounce|Armenelos.mp3|Ardamir}}<br />
'''Armenelos the Golden''', refered to as ''The City of Kings'', was the capital and (in later years) the largest city of [[Númenor]]. The name contains the elements Ar(a)- (high, kingly), [[Menel]] (heaven), and Os(t) (city, fortress).<br />
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It was situated in eastern central [[Númenor]], in the district called [[Arandor]], the Kingsland, close to [[Meneltarma]] and the haven of [[Rómenna]].<br />
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It was founded as far back as the end of the [[First Age]], when the [[Edain]] first migrated to the island. Conceivably [[Arandor]] was the first district they settled after landing in a firth that later led to the haven of [[Rómenna]].<br />
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Armenelos contained the royal palace, the ''King's House'', reportedly built with the help of the [[Maiar]]. Its finishing, together with the coronation of [[Elros]] in 32 S.A. marked the beginning of the Númenorean realm.<br />
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[[Category:Locations]]<br />
[[Category:Númenor]]<br />
[[Category:Cities]]<br />
[[Category:Pronounced articles]]</div>Menelwynhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Akallab%C3%AAth&diff=15280Akallabêth2006-04-14T00:52:30Z<p>Menelwyn: /* Textual history */</p>
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<div>Akallab&ecirc;th (''The Downfallen'' in [[Ad&ucirc;naic]]; [[Quenya]] is ''Atalant&euml;'') is the story of the destruction of the Kingdom of [[N&uacute;menor]]. At the end of the [[First Age]] (described in detail in the ''[[Quenta Silmarillion]]''), those of [[Men]] who had been helping [[Elves]] in their fight against [[Melkor]] were given a new small continent of their own, free from the evil and sadness of [[Middle-earth]]. It was located in the middle of the [[Belegaer|Great Ocean]], between the western shores of Middle-earth, and the eastern shores of [[Aman]], where the [[Valar]] dwelt.<br />
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As they entered N&uacute;menor, the Men were forbidden to set sail towards Aman. They gladly agreed to this, because they regarded mortality as a gift, and did not envy the Valar and Elves who could not die. For two and a half thousand years N&uacute;menor grew in might. [[N&uacute;men&oacute;rean]] ships sailed the seas and established remote colonies, some of them in Middle-earth. During that time, the Elves of Middle-earth were engaged in a bitter fight with [[Morgoth]]'s former servant [[Sauron]], who had turned into a [[Dark Lord]] himself. The Elves asked for the help of the N&uacute;men&oacute;reans, and they agreed. But as time went on, it became evil and rebelled against the Valar and the Elves, over the course of one thousand and a half years, desiring immortality. There was one king, the second-last, who tried to amend the evil, but it was too late. During this time, N&uacute;menor still grew more powerful.<br />
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The last king wanted control of Middle-earth, and so he attacked Sauron. Sauron's armies became afraid of the might of N&uacute;menor, and so he was captured and brought imprisoned to the N&uacute;men&oacute;rean king. However Sauron exploited his power to corrupt the N&uacute;menorean king to his will. Soon he became his advisor, and much of N&uacute;menor obeyed his will and worshiped Morgoth. Sauron convinced the king to try and assail Aman for immortality, desiring to destroy N&uacute;menor with the wrath of the Valar. However as this was done, the Valar appealed to [[Eru|Eru Il&uacute;vatar]]. Eru destroyed the N&uacute;men&oacute;rian host, by crushing it under stones; however he also caused the whole of N&uacute;menor to sink under the Great Ocean. Just a few men of N&uacute;men&oacute;rean royal blood, uncorrupted by Sauron who came from a long line called the Faithful, had fled N&uacute;menor by ships earlier with some gifts that Men received from the Valar and the Elves in times of peace. They were led by [[Elendil]] the Tall, and his two sons: [[Isildur]] and [[An&aacute;rion]].<br />
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They set sail to Middle-earth, where the followers of Elendil established two kingdoms which were managed as N&uacute;men&oacute;rian provinces: [[Gondor]] in the south, and [[Arnor]] in the North. Some of the King's Men, enemies of Elendil, established other realms in exile to the south; of these [[Umbar]] was the chief. The culture of N&uacute;menor became the dominant culture of Middle-earth (thus, [[Westron]], a descendant of the [[Ad&ucirc;naic]] language of N&uacute;menor became the [[Common Speech]]). The sadness and the shock from the loss of a whole continent lived ever in the hearts of kings of N&uacute;men&oacute;rean descent. [[Arda]] was made spherical, and Aman was put beyond it, out of the reach of mortal men. Sauron, although greatly diminished and bereft of shape, escaped N&uacute;menor and return to Middle-earth once more.<br />
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==Textual history==<br />
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The story originated with ''[[The Lost Road and Other Writings|The Lost Road]]'', an abandoned time-travel novel. The story also forms a major element in ''[[The Notion Club Papers]]'', likewise an abandoned time-travel novel. Other versions of the story include various texts called ''[[The Fall of N&uacute;menor]]'' and the version in the "Mannish Tradition," ''[[The Drowning of Anadune]]''. These texts can be found in HoME Volume IX, ''[[Sauron Defeated]]''. A highly abbreviated version of the story is found in [[Appendix A]] of The Lord of the Rings.<br />
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==Interpretation==<br />
As the [[Quenya]] name makes obvious, this is a retelling of the story of Atlantis in the Middle-earth cadre.<br />
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{{silmarillion}}<br />
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[[Category:Books]]</div>Menelwynhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Amrod&diff=15279Amrod2006-04-14T00:13:49Z<p>Menelwyn: </p>
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<div>With his twin brother [[Amras]], youngest of the seven [[Sons of Fëanor]]. He dwelt in the wide plains of [[East Beleriand]] and was known as a great hunter. He died during the attack made by the Sons of F&euml;anor on the havens at Sirion.<br />
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[[Category:High Elves]]</div>Menelwynhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Appendix_E&diff=15275Appendix E2006-04-13T23:41:10Z<p>Menelwyn: </p>
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<div>'''Appendix E''' is the fifth appendix to ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'', and is entitled ''Writing and Spelling''. It outlines how to pronounce particular sounds in the languages of Middle-earth, as well as the different writing systems used in Middle-earth. The contents of this appendix are as follows.<br />
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*Pronunciation of Words and Names<br />
**Consonants<br />
**Vowels<br />
**Stress<br />
*Writing<br />
**The F&euml;anorian Letters<br />
**The Cirth<br />
<br />
In the ''Writing'' section, Tolkien briefly summarizes the history of the different writing systems, including the Tengwar of R&uacute;mil as well as the two major systems. For the ''F&euml;anorian Letters'' he provides the table of the [[Tengwar]] then explains discusses the usage of the system and the names of the letters in narrative form. For the [[Cirth]], a table of the the [[Angerthas]] and the equivalent pronunciations is given, followed by a discussion of how different peoples modified the system.</div>Menelwynhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Appendix_D&diff=15272Appendix D2006-04-13T23:29:11Z<p>Menelwyn: </p>
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<div>'''Appendix D''' is the fourth Appendix to ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' and is entitled ''Calendars''. In it, Tolkien outlines the various calendar systems used in Middle-earth. These include the Shire Calendar, the Calendar of Imladris (or Reckoning of Rivendell), and the N&uacute;menorean systems of the King's Reckoning and the Stewards' Reckoning. <br />
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Special prominence is given to the Shire Calendar, for which a complete table of the days and months of the year is provided. <br />
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This Appendix also gives the names of the seasons, months, and days of the week in [[Quenya]] and [[Sindarin]] and the names of the months and days of the week according to the Shire Calendar.</div>Menelwynhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Stars&diff=15271Stars2006-04-13T22:58:57Z<p>Menelwyn: </p>
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<div>'''Stars''' play a prominent role in Tolkien's mythology. According to ''[[The Silmarillion]]'', the stars were created by the Vala [[Varda]] (thus her names [[Tintalle]] = Q. Kindler, [[Elentari]] = Q. Star-queen, [[Elbereth]] = S. Star-queen). She created them in two phases: first, in the earliest ages of the creation of [[Arda]], and second, prior to the awakening of the Elves. She made the second group using collected light from the Silver Tree, [[Telperion]]. These were the brighter of the stars that we see. This group included many of the prominent [[constellations]], including [[Menelmacar]] (Orion) and the [[Valacirca]] (the Sickle of the Valar, the Big Dipper). <br />
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Also created in the second group appear to be many of what we would consider planets rather than stars. These are named Carnil, Luinil, Nenar, Lumbar, Alcarinque, and Elemmire. In his introduction to the Index of ''[[Morgoth's Ring]]'', [[Christopher Tolkien]] identifies these, respectively, with the planets Mars, Neptune, Uranus, Saturn, Jupiter, and Mercury. Most of these identifications appear to be fairly certain, although there are astronomical problems with the identifications of Neptune and Uranus in the context of the mythology. Note that Venus is not included on this list, as in the mythology, it is not a star (or planet), but rather a [[Silmaril]] (see below).<br />
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Note that in the standard mythology of the published ''Silmarillion'', the stars of both groups were created long before the [[Sun]] and the [[Moon]]. They thus contain the unsullied light of creation, and are therefore particularly sacred to the Elves.<br />
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The Elves first awoke under the stars (the Sun and Moon did not exist), and the stars were the first thing they saw. The earliest words spoken by the Elves are associated with the stars. According to the Appendix of ''The Silmarillion'', "according to Elvish legend, ''ele'' was a primitive exclamation 'behold!' made by the Elves when they first saw the stars. From this origin derived the ancient words ''el'' and ''elen'', meaning 'star'." Moreover, when [[Orom&euml;]] first met the Elves, he too associated them with the stars and named them the [[Eldar]], the People of the Stars. So important was this identification of the Elves with the stars to Tolkien that when he considered revising his creation myths so that the Sun and Moon existed from an earlier time (see [[''Morgoth's Ring'']]), he still insisted that the Elves must have awoken under the stars. <br />
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One frequently-occuring object in the mythology that is not a star but is frequently identified with one is the [[Star of Earendil]]. Following his successfuly mission to persuade the Valar to intervene in the wars against [[Morgoth]] in the First Age, [[Earendil]] and his ship, along with the last remaining Silmaril, were placed in the sky as a sign of hope to the faithful people of Middle-earth. After the war against Morgoth was concluded, a group of the Edain followed Earendil's star to the newly created island that would become N&uacute;menor. Consequently, one of the names of that island was [[Elenna]], or Starwards. The Star of Earendil is identified with the Evening or Morning Star, i.e. the planet Venus.<br />
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Various characters use stars as emblems throughout the legendarium. An eight-rayed star represents the [[House of Feanor]], and seven eight-rayed stars above a crown and anvil are the emblems of [[Durin]]. Both of these are depicted on the [[doors of Moria]] (the former because [[Celebrimbor]], one of the makers of the doors, was a descendant of Feanor). Seven stars appeared on the banner of Gondor. Certain jewels are also described as stars, notably the [[Star of Elendil]] that Aragorn wore into the Battle of Pelennor Fields. In the [[Lay of Nimrodel]], it is said that "A star was bound upon her brow," clearly describing some kind of jewel.<br />
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Other prominent references to stars in ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' include the following.<br />
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*[[Frodo]]'s greeting to [[Gildor]], ''Elen s&iacute;la l&uacute;menn' omentielvo'' (Quenya: A star shines on the hour of our meeting.)<br />
*[[Sam]]'s song in [[Cirith Ungol]] concludes "...above all shadows rides the Sun, and Stars for ever dwell. I will not say the Day is done, nor bid the Stars farewell."<br />
*Travelling through [[Mordor]], Sam sees a star, leading him to conclude that "in the end the Shadow was only a small and passing thing: there was light and high beauty for ever beyond its reach."</div>Menelwynhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Adan&diff=15249Adan2006-04-13T19:51:07Z<p>Menelwyn: </p>
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<div>'''Adan''' is [[Sindarin]] for Man (i.e., human as opposed to Elf, Dwarf, Hobbit, etc.). The plural is [[Edain]]. Properly, this word refers only to those Men who are descended from the Three Houses of Elf-friends.<br />
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The term often appears as an element of other words, notably [[Dunadan]] (Man of the West, Numenorean) and [[Elladan]] (Elf-man, referring to his Half-Elven heritage).<br />
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[[Category:Names]]</div>Menelwynhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Adan&diff=15246Adan2006-04-13T19:50:25Z<p>Menelwyn: </p>
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<div>'''Adan''' is [[Sindarin]] for [[Man]] (i.e., human as opposed to Elf, Dwarf, Hobbit, etc.). The plural is [[Edain]]. Properly, this word refers only to those Men who are descended from the Three Houses of Elf-friends.<br />
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The term often appears as an element of other words, notably [[D&uactue;nadan]] (Man of the West, Numenorean) and [[Elladan]] (Elf-man, referring to his Half-Elven heritage).<br />
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[[Category:Names]]</div>Menelwynhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Rhymes_of_Lore&diff=15154Rhymes of Lore2006-04-13T00:46:13Z<p>Menelwyn: </p>
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<div>'''A Rhyme of Lore''' is a poem found in Book 3, Chapter XI ([[The Palantir]]) of [[The Lord of the Rings]]. It is sung by [[Gandalf]] when he is travelling to [[Minas Tirith]] with [[Pippin]]. Its text is as follows:<br />
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Tall ships and tall kings<br />
Three times three,<br />
What brought they from the foundered land<br />
Over the flowing sea?<br />
Seven stars and seven stones<br />
And one white tree.<br />
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The ships are the nine ships that survived the fall of [[N&uacute;menor]], sailed by Elendil, Isildur and Anarion. The foundered land is N&uacute;menor itself. The seven stones are the [[palant&iacute;ri]], and the white tree is the sapling of Nimloth preserved by Isildur before the [[Nimloth]] was destroyed. <br />
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In his explanation of the poem to Pippin, Gandalf implies that this is one of many Rhymes of Lore. He also suggests that this one originates with the [[Dunedain]] of [[Arnor]].</div>Menelwynhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Rhymes_of_Lore&diff=15153Rhymes of Lore2006-04-13T00:40:44Z<p>Menelwyn: </p>
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<div>'''A Rhyme of Lore''' is a poem found in Book 3, Chapter XI ([[The Palantir]]) of [[The Lord of the Rings]]. It is sung by [[Gandalf]] when he is travelling to [[Minas Tirith]] with [[Pippin]]. Its text is as follows:<br />
<br />
Tall ships and tall kings<br />
Three times three,<br />
What brought they from the foundered land<br />
Over the flowing sea?<br />
Seven stars and seven stones<br />
And one white tree.<br />
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The ships are the nine ships that survived the fall of [[N&uacute;menor]], sailed by Elendil, Isildur and Anarion. The foundered land is N&uacute;menor itself. The seven stones are the [[palant&iacute;ri]], and the white tree is the sapling of Nimloth preserved by Isildur before the [[Nimloth]] was destroyed. <br />
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In his explanation of the poem to Pippin, Gandalf implies that this is one of many Rhymes of Lore. He also suggests that this one originates with the [[Dunedain]] of [[Arnor]].</div>Menelwynhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Appendix_A&diff=15149Appendix A2006-04-13T00:11:05Z<p>Menelwyn: </p>
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<div>'''Appendix A''' of [[The Lord of the Rings]] contains historical background of the events in Middle-earth prior to the War of the Ring. Its main focus is on the Mannish kingdoms of [[N&uacute;menor]], [[Gondor]] and [[Rohan]], and on the Dwarves of the line of [[Durin]]. It also contains the story of Aragorn and Arwen.<br />
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The contents of Appendix A are as follows.<br />
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*The N&uacute;menorean Kings<br />
**N&uacute;menor<br />
**The Realms in Exile<br />
***The Northern Line: Heirs of Isildur<br />
***The Southern Line: Heirs of Anarion<br />
**Eriador, Arnor, and the Heirs of Isildur<br />
**Gondor and the Heirs of Anarion<br />
***The Stewards<br />
**The Tale of Aragorn and Arwen<br />
*The House of Eorl<br />
**The Kings of the Mark<br />
*Durin's Folk<br />
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N&uacute;menor is a synopsis of the events of the [[Silmarillion]], including the [[Akallab&ecirc;th]].<br />
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The Realms in Exile is a list of the kings of Arnor and Gondor, including the Chieftains of the D&uacute;nedain and the Ruling Stewards of Gondor.<br />
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Eriador, Arnor, and the Heirs of Isildur contains the history of the Northern Kingdom, through the time Aragorn.<br />
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Gondor and the Heirs of Anarion tells the history of Gondor, including a few details of the lives of [[Denethor]], [[Boromir]], and [[Faramir]].<br />
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The Tale of Aragorn and Arwen traces the love story of that couple, including their deaths.<br />
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The House of Eorl relates the history of Rohan.<br />
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Durin's Folk focuses on the Dwarves of that line. Some of the events leading up to the [[Quest of Erebor]] are given. This section contains a family tree of Durin, including some details about [[Gimli]].</div>Menelwynhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Menel&diff=15143Menel2006-04-12T23:27:40Z<p>Menelwyn: </p>
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<div>An [[Elvish]] name for the regions of air above [[Arda]], a name which is generally translated into English as 'heaven' or 'the heavens'. Sometimes the word is simply synonymous with the sky, but in other uses it is meant as a more sublime reference to the domain of the stars and heavenly bodies. Menel is seen in numerous personal and place-names, including [[Meneltarma]] (the 'Pillar of Heaven'), [[Meneldil]], [[Tar-Meneldur]], [[Armenelos]], and so on. <br />
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The word is the same in [[Quenya]] and [[Sindarin]]. In translating the word as "heaven" it should be noted that this does not have the connotation of Christian "Heaven" (paradise). Menel is a physical place, although arguably a sacred one as it is the location of the stars. <br />
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In [[''The Lord of the Rings'']], "menel" is used in the two [[Sindarin]] hymns to [[Elbereth]]. It appears first in a song in the Hall of Fire: "''o menel aglar elenath''" ("from the glories of the star-host of heaven") ([[Many Meetings]]). Later, [[Sam]] uses it in his parallel invocation from [[Cirith Ungol]]: "''o menel palan-diriel''" ("from heaven gazing afar") ([[The Choices of Master Samwise]]).</div>Menelwynhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Menel&diff=15142Menel2006-04-12T23:24:00Z<p>Menelwyn: </p>
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<div>An [[Elvish]] name for the regions of air above [[Arda]], a name which is generally translated into English as 'heaven' or 'the heavens'. Sometimes the word is simply synonymous with the sky, but in other uses it is meant as a more sublime reference to the domain of the stars and heavenly bodies. Menel is seen in numerous personal and place-names, including [[Meneltarma]] (the 'Pillar of Heaven'), [[Meneldil]], [[Tar-Meneldur]], [[Armenelos]], and so on. The word is the same in [[Quenya]] and [[Sindarin]].<br />
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In [[''The Lord of the Rings'']], "menel" is used in the two [[Sindarin]] hymns to [[Elbereth]]. It appears first in a song in the Hall of Fire: "''o menel aglar elenath''" ("from the glories of the star-host of heaven") ([[Many Meetings]]). Later, [[Sam]] uses it in his parallel invocation from [[Cirith Ungol]]: "[[o menel palan-diriel]]" ("from heaven gazing afar") ([[The Choices of Master Samwise]]).</div>Menelwynhttps://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Oath_of_Eorl&diff=15131Oath of Eorl2006-04-12T22:24:14Z<p>Menelwyn: </p>
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<div>The '''Oath of Eorl''' is the alliance sworn between the Middle-earth nations of [[Rohan]] and [[Gondor]]. The Oath also stated that the province of [[Calenardhon]] will be forever of Rohan, and the borders of that kingdom were established.<br />
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Also agreed was whenever help was needed, the two kingdoms would aid each other. The signal that help was needed was the Red Arrow (which means danger). This arrow was brought to King [[Théoden]] of Rohan by a messenger of Gondor in ''[[The Return of the King]]'' while [[Minas Tirith]] was besieged by [[Sauron]]. For faster communication between the two allies, the [[warning beacons of Gondor]] were used. These beacons were placed on seven hills along the northern ridge of the [[White Mountains]].<br />
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== History of the Oath ==<br />
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The Oath was first sworn in T.A. 2510 by [[Cirion]], the twelfth Ruling Steward of Gondor, and by [[Eorl]], King of the [[Eotheod]] (later first King of Rohan) following the [[Battle of the Field of Celebrant]]. They swore their oaths on the [[Halifirien]] hill at the site of the tomb of [[Elendil]].<br />
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Eorl spoke his oath in his own language (Rohirric). In addition to his oath, Cirion spoke an invocation in Quenya and the Common Speech, calling the [[Valar]] and [[Eru]] to witness the oaths that were taken. Eru's name was very rarely invoked in oaths, and indeed had not been since the time of the Last Alliance. Among people of Numenorean descent, it was held that only the King could call upon Eru, but Cirion had that authority as Steward and regent for the King. ([[Unfinished Tales]]: Cirion and Eorl)<br />
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The Oath was renewed by [[Aragorn]] and [[Eomer]] upon their accessions to the thrones of Gondor and Rohan.</div>Menelwyn