ná-

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na is the Quenya verb for "to be"[1].

Also, means "yes, it is so"[2]

Etymology[edit | edit source]

Root NA2[3]

Forms[edit | edit source]

Various attested forms of "to be"[4][5]

  • "is"
    • nánye/nanye "I am"
    • nalye "you are" (polite)
    • natye "you are" (familiar)
    • nás "it is"
    • náse "(s)he is"
    • nalme "we are"
    • nát "they (dual) are"
    • nar/nár "they are"
  • náne/né "was"
    • anen "I was"
    • anel "you were"
    • nése "he was"
    • anes "(s)he/it was"
    • nét "they (dual) were"
    • náner/nér "they were"
  • uva/nauva "will be"
    • nauvan "I will be"
  • anaie "has been"
  • náve "being" (infinitive/gerund)[6]
  • na "let it be" (imperative)
    • nai "be it that"

Syntax[edit | edit source]

Na is following the sentece. When used in imperative, it precedes the adjective.[7]

  • na aire "be holy"
  • aire na "it is holy"

See also[edit | edit source]

References

  1. J.R.R. Tolkien, Donald Swann, The Road Goes Ever On, "Namárië (Farewell)", line 15
  2. J.R.R. Tolkien, "Eldarin Hands, Fingers & Numerals and Related Writings — Part Three" (edited by Patrick H. Wynne), in Vinyar Tengwar, Number 49, June 2007, p. 28
  3. J.R.R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien (ed.), The Lost Road and Other Writings, Part Three: "The Etymologies"
  4. J.R.R. Tolkien, "The Rivers and Beacon-hills of Gondor" (edited by Carl F. Hostetter), in Vinyar Tengwar, Number 42, July 2001
  5. J.R.R. Tolkien, "Eldarin Hands, Fingers & Numerals and Related Writings — Part Three" (edited by Patrick H. Wynne), in Vinyar Tengwar, Number 49, June 2007
  6. J.R.R. Tolkien, "Words, Phrases and Passages in Various Tongues in The Lord of the Rings", in Parma Eldalamberon XVII (edited by Christopher Gilson)
  7. J.R.R. Tolkien, "'Words of Joy': Five Catholic Prayers in Quenya — Part One" (edited by Patrick H. Wynne, Arden R. Smith, and Carl F. Hostetter), in Vinyar Tengwar, Number 43, January 2002, p.14

External links[edit | edit source]